CN107124933A - A kind of aspermous watermelon exempts from broken shell batch seeding growing seedlings method - Google Patents
A kind of aspermous watermelon exempts from broken shell batch seeding growing seedlings method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107124933A CN107124933A CN201710350402.8A CN201710350402A CN107124933A CN 107124933 A CN107124933 A CN 107124933A CN 201710350402 A CN201710350402 A CN 201710350402A CN 107124933 A CN107124933 A CN 107124933A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of aspermous watermelon and exempts from broken shell batch seeding growing seedlings method, step：Aspermous watermelon seed " 0.02g/L withered grass bacterium fat tire sodium+1.5g/L potassium sulfates " solution seed soaking 6h, is washed by rubbing with the hands with lime and is cleaned after the surface of the seed mucus, is air-dried to seed moisture content 50% 55%；By 2.5 3.0 ten thousand/m of seed density2, use weight 750g/m2, water content 175% 200% cotton gauze parcel seed, be placed in 32 DEG C of vernalization of temperature；Using the 10mm of fibre length 0 turf and the 4mm of particle diameter 2 perlite by volume 1:1 prepares matrix, adjusts water content of substrate 55 60%；Aspermous watermelon seed after vernalization presses 0.35 0.4 ten thousand/m of density2Sowing, 32 DEG C of germination temperature；When seed 50% is unearthed, matrix moisturizing is carried out using tide irrigation mode.The aspermous watermelon of the present invention is exempted from broken shell batch seeding growing seedlings method and compared with conventional " artificial broken shell germination hastening method ", germination percentage indifference, reach more than 85%, emergence rate reaches 93.1%, improves 10.2%, grafting utilization rate reaches 88.4%, improves 17.1%, planting percent reaches 95.1%, improves 6.6%, and seed utilization rate reaches 78.3%, improves 26%.
Description
Technical field
Exempt from broken shell batch sowing the present invention relates to aspermous watermelon seeding and seedling raising technical field, more particularly to a kind of aspermous watermelon
Method for culturing seedlings.
Background technology
China's growth of watermelon area and yield all rank first in the world, and the cultivated area of aspermous watermelon expanded year by year in the last few years
Greatly, and yield also obtains steady-state growth；Because watermelon continuous crop wilt disease occurs seriously, grafting cultivation has been current anti-
Control the technical measures of wilt disease.Aspermous watermelon seed is triploid, and kind skin depth, cotyledon deformity, vigor are weak, cause seed
Germination percentage is low, planting percent is low and seedling growth slow, and very big influence is brought to aspermous watermelon production.At present frequently with knocking in production
The method of kind of a skin (artificial broken shell) is opened to improve the germination rate of seed, but this method easily causes infringement to embryo；Especially
, it is necessary to carry out batch vernalization and seeding and seedling raising to aspermous watermelon seed when being aspermous watermelon graft seedling growth, expend it is a large amount of artificial and
Time, and because technical reason, seed utilization rate only have 50% or so, work efficiency is relatively low, it is impossible to meet modern agriculture scale, production
The need for industry metaplasia is produced.Accordingly, it would be desirable to explore more convenient feasible, easy to operate method to improve the sprouting of aspermous watermelon seed
Rate.
The content of the invention
Exempt from broken shell batch seeding growing seedlings method it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of aspermous watermelon, to solve above-mentioned technology
Problem.
The present invention is weak based on the suitable moisture of germination needs and oxygen and aspermous watermelon kind shell thickness, embryo viability
The characteristics of, the setting for 2 unearthed environmental conditions of stages development improvement germination of being unearthed from aspermous watermelon germination, seed bud, so that
Improve aspermous watermelon germination percentage and emergence rate.
The present invention using following technical scheme in order to solve the above technical problems, realized：
A kind of aspermous watermelon exempts from broken shell batch seeding growing seedlings method, it is characterised in that step is：
Aspermous watermelon seed-soaking 6h, is washed by rubbing with the hands with lime and is cleaned after the surface of the seed mucus, air-dried to seed moisture content 50%-
55%；
By ten thousand/m of seed density 2.5-3.02, use weight 750g/m2, water content 175%-200% cotton gauze parcel kind
Son, is placed in 32 DEG C of vernalization of temperature；
Using turf, perlite by volume 1:1 prepares matrix, regulation water content of substrate 55-60%；
Aspermous watermelon seed after vernalization presses ten thousand/m of density 0.35-0.42Sowing, 32 DEG C of germination temperature；
When seed 50% is unearthed, matrix moisturizing is carried out using tide irrigation mode.
Preferably, the turf fibre length 0-10mm, the particle diameter 2-4mm of perlite that use.
Preferably, aspermous watermelon seed is soaked seed with 0.02g/L withered grass bacterium fat tire sodium+1.5g/L potassium sulfate solutions.Without seed
Watermelon " 0.02g/L withered grass bacterium fat tire sodium+1.5g/L potassium sulfates " solution seed soaking vernalization, is improved compared with Seed soaking germination percentage
11.8%.
The present invention propose vernalization before reduction seed moisture content be 50-55%, with suitable seed density 2.5-3.0 ten thousand/
m2It is 750g/m with seed is wrapped up with dry weight2, water content 175%-200% wet cotton gauze blend, formed aspermous watermelon seed
Exempt from the suitable condition of broken shell batch vernalization, realize that aspermous watermelon exempts from broken shell batch vernalization.
Propose using turf, perlite volume ratio 1:Water content of substrate is 55-60% when 1 preparation seedling medium, sowing, with
Suitable ten thousand/m of thickness of sowing 0.35-0.42With emerge after tide irrigation irrigate water supplementing method blend, optimize ring of emerging
Border condition；More conventional method " generic media is sowed after watering " emergence rate, planting percent are significantly improved.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The aspermous watermelon of the present invention is exempted from broken shell batch seeding growing seedlings method and compared with conventional " artificial broken shell germination hastening method ", germinates
Rate indifference, reach more than 85%, emergence rate reaches 93.1%, improves 10.2%, and grafting utilization rate reaches 88.4%, raising
17.1%, planting percent reaches 95.1%, improves 6.6%, and seed utilization rate reaches 78.3%, improves 26%.
Embodiment
In order that the technical means, the inventive features, the objects and the advantages of the present invention are easy to understand, tie below
Specific embodiment is closed, the present invention, but following embodiments only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all are expanded on further.
Based on the embodiment in embodiment, those skilled in the art obtain other realities on the premise of creative work is not made
Example is applied, protection scope of the present invention is belonged to.Experimental method in following embodiments, is conventional method unless otherwise specified,
Material, reagent used etc., unless otherwise specified, are commercially obtained in following embodiments.
Embodiments of the invention carried out respectively aspermous watermelon exempt from broken shell batch germination test, aspermous watermelon seed batch broadcast
Experiment on graft reproduction is planted, seed moisture content suitable when aspermous watermelon seed batch exempts from broken shell vernalization, ambient humidity is verified and broadcasts
Plant the technical indicators such as seedling medium formula, soil humidity.
Experiment one：Aspermous watermelon exempts from broken shell batch germination test
(1) " withered grass bacterium fat tire sodium+potassium sulfate " compound seed soaking germination test
Withered grass bacterium fat tire sodium is a kind of surface reactive material, and potassium sulfate seed soaking can promote germination；It is dense by difference
Spend withered grass bacterium fat tire sodium and potassium sulfate is combined seed soaking trial, filter out the suitable concentration for promoting aspermous watermelon germination.
7 kinds of various concentrations withered grass bacterium fat tire sodium presoaking and germinating experiments are carried out first, and result of the test (table 1), which is drawn, uses 0.02g/
L withered grass bacterium fat tires sodium is soaked seed, and can promote aspermous watermelon germination, and less soak seed (CK) germination index, germination percentage, which are improved, to be divided
Indescribably high 22.7% and 8.4%.Then potassium sulfate (the purity of 0.02g/L withered grass bacterium fat tire+8 kinds of various concentrations of sodium is carried out
99.6%) seed soaking trial, result of the test (table 2) show that the seed soaking of 0.02g/L withered grass bacterium fat tire sodium+1.5g/L potassium sulfates can promote
Enter aspermous watermelon germination, 32.2% and 11.8% is respectively increased in less soak seed (CK) germination index, germination percentage.
Table 1：Various concentrations withered grass bacterium fat tire sodium seed soaking germination test result
Table 2：0.02g/L withered grass bacterium fat tires sodium+various concentrations potassium sulfate seed soaking germination test result
(2) aspermous watermelon presprouting of seeds appropriate aqueous amount screening test
By every part of 400 seeds of aspermous watermelon seed, (wherein 300 are used as aqueous measure as germination test, 100
It is fixed), prepare 15 parts；6h is soaked with 0.02g/L withered grass bacteriums fat tire sodium+1.5g/L potassium sulfates (purity 99.6%) solution, lime is used
Wash by rubbing with the hands and cleaned after the surface of the seed mucus, be placed in 20-25 DEG C of kind of drying in the air naturally at room temperature；Dried in the air kind of a time by different, obtain 15 parts
The seed of different moisture content, then detection seed moisture content simultaneously carries out germination test (i.e. simultaneously respectively：Often dry in the air kind of a 20min, takes 1
Part seed is tested)；I.e. seed soaking 4h, artificial broken shell vernalization are control (CK) in conventional manner；Seed moisture content is using drying
Method, germination test, which is taken, is placed in seed in glass culture dish, culture dish inner bottom part saturation water filter paper place mat, culture dish external application
Preservative film is wrapped up to prevent moisture loss, 32 DEG C of germination temperature.
Result of the test table 3 illustrates, during aspermous watermelon seed moisture content 50%-55%, and germinating energy is neat, 72h germination percentages
More than 80%, with conventional method without significant difference, reach and exempt from broken shell vernalization purpose.
Table 3：Different moisture content aspermous watermelon seed germination experiment result
(3) aspermous watermelon exempts from the experiment of broken shell batch bud density
On the basis of experiment, if 7 density processing, are 1.0 ten thousand/m respectively2, 1.5 ten thousand/m2, 2.0 ten thousand/m2、
2.5 ten thousand/m2, 3.0 ten thousand/m2, 3.5 ten thousand/m2, 4.0 ten thousand/m2.With wringing out the wet 2 layers of cotton gauze of no water droplet in vernalization container
Seed is wrapped up, container exterior plastic film parcel prevents moisture loss, 32 DEG C of germination temperature.
Result of the test (table 4) shows, seed density≤3.0 ten thousand/m2, germination index and germination percentage are gradually reduced, but nothing
Significant difference；Seed density >=3.5 ten thousand/m2, germination index and germination percentage reduction are notable.Therefore, from batch, saving of labor vernalization side
Face, ten thousand/m of selection 2.5-3.02For suitable presprouting of seeds density.
Table 4：Aspermous watermelon exempts from broken shell batch bud density result of the test
(4) aspermous watermelon exempts from broken shell batch germination ambient humidity experiment
On the basis of experiment, aspermous watermelon seed soaking 6h, adjustment water content are 50%-55%, by seed density 3.0 ten thousand
Grain/m2Carry out germination ambient humidity experiment.Experiment is using 2 layers of cotton gauze parcel seed of different moisture content, adjustment germination environmental wet
Degree.If 7 (T1-T7) processing, cotton gauze weight is 750g/m2, water content is respectively 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%,
200%th, 225%, 250%.
Result of the test (table 5) shows, cotton gauze water content 175%-200%, aspermous watermelon seed germination index, germination percentage
It is significantly higher than other processing, is suitable water content.
Table 5：Aspermous watermelon exempts from broken shell batch germination ambient humidity result of the test
Experiment two：Aspermous watermelon batch sowing Experiment on graft reproduction
(1) seedling medium porosity is tested aspermous watermelon emergence rate and graft seedling growth influence
The perlite of turf and particle diameter 2-4mm from fibre length 0-10mm, prepares 5 kinds of seedling mediums by volume
(T1-T5) it is, 1 respectively:1、2:1、3:1、1:2、1:3；Aspermous watermelon seed-soaking, wash by rubbing with the hands, dry in the air kind, sowing after vernalization；Using
Seedling-raising box filling matrix, pour it is permeable, broadcast sowing after covering matrix (conventional method)；Vernalization is unearthed 33 DEG C of temperature；Using amplexiforming grafting
Method graft seedling growth；Each processing 100,3 repetitions.Each processing matrix porosity is determined, investigation is managed germination index, emerged everywhere
Rate and seed utilization rate, planting percent, the suitable matrix porosity of screening aspermous watermelon nursery and turf and perlite formula.
Result of the test (table 6) shows, seedling medium porosity size is conducive to seed to be unearthed than 2-3, germination index, goes out
Seedling rate is higher；Turf and perlite by volume 1:1 prepares matrix, and aspermous watermelon grafting planting percent, seed utilization rate are most
Height, is most adaptation side.
Table 6：Porosity influences result of the test to emergence rate and graft seedling growth
(2) compound seedling medium water content is tested aspermous watermelon emergence rate and graft seedling growth influence
In experimental basis, the perlite of turf and particle diameter 2-4mm from fibre length 0-10mm, by volume 1:1
Seedling medium is prepared, 7 kinds of water content of substrate is adjusted, is 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75% respectively；Without seed
Watermelon seed is soaked seed, washed by rubbing with the hands, kind of (50-55%) sowing of drying in the air；Matrix is loaded using seedling-raising box, matrix thickness 1- is covered after germination
1.5cm；Vernalization is unearthed 32 DEG C of temperature；Each processing 100,3 repetitions.CK：Germination box place mat filter paper broadcasts sowing vernalization (germination
Rate).After seed more than 50% is unearthed, matrix moisturizing is carried out using tide irrigation mode.Using amplexiforming grafting graft seedling growth.Adjust
Look into reason germination index, emergence rate and seed utilization rate, planting percent everywhere, the suitable water content of substrate of screening aspermous watermelon nursery.
Result of the test (table 7) shows, water content of substrate is 55-60%, aspermous watermelon seeding ratio reaches more than 85%,
Seed utilization rate more than 75%, grafting planting percent more than 94% are aspermous watermelon germination, the matrix in stage of being unearthed suitably contains
Water.
Table 7：Water content of substrate influences result of the test to emergence rate and graft seedling growth
(3) different thicknesss of sowing are tested aspermous watermelon emergence rate and graft seedling growth influence
In experimental basis, from turf, perlite, by volume 1:1 prepares seedling medium, adjusts water content of substrate
55-60%, aspermous watermelon seed-soaking, wash by rubbing with the hands, adjust seed moisture content be 50-55% vernalization sowing.Thickness of sowing sets 7
(T1-T8) density is handled, and is 0.2 ten thousand/m respectively2, 0.25 ten thousand/m2, 0.3 ten thousand/m2, 0.35 ten thousand/m2, 0.4 ten thousand/m2、
0.45 ten thousand/m2, 0.5 ten thousand/m2, 0.55 ten thousand/m2。
Result of the test (table 8) shows, seed density≤0.4 ten thousand/m2, germination index, emergence rate, grafting planting percent and kind
Sub- utilization rate is without significant difference, seed density >=0.45 ten thousand/m2, germination index, emergence rate, grafting planting percent and seed are utilized
Rate is significantly reduced..Therefore, in terms of batch, saving of labor's sowing graft seedling growth, ten thousand/m of 0.35-0.4 are selected2For suitable sowing
Seedling density, planting percent more than 97%, graft seedling growth seed utilization rate more than 75%.
Table 8：Thickness of sowing influences result of the test to emergence rate and graft seedling growth
Experiment three：" exempting from broken shell " and " artificial broken shell " batch sowing graft seedling growth contrast test
Experiment sets 3 repetitions, each repeats 0.4 ten thousand seeds, investigation germination percentage, grafting planting percent and seed utilization rate.
(1) batch seeding and seedling raising method of " exempting from broken shell "：Aspermous watermelon seed " 0.02g/L withered grass bacterium fat tire sodium+1.5g/L sulphur
Sour potassium (purity 99.6%) " seed soaking 6h, is washed by rubbing with the hands with lime and is cleaned after the surface of the seed mucus, air-dried to seed moisture content 50%-
55%, by ten thousand/m2 of seed density 2.5-3.0, seed is wrapped up with 750g/m2, water content 175%-200% cotton gauze, is put
In 32 DEG C of vernalization of temperature；Using fibre length 0-10mm turf and particle diameter 2-4mm perlite by volume 1:1 prepares base
Matter, adjusts water content of substrate 55-60%, and the aspermous watermelon seed after vernalization presses ten thousand/m of density 0.35-0.42Sowing, germination temperature
32 DEG C of degree；When seed 50% is unearthed, matrix moisturizing is carried out using tide irrigation mode.
(2) " artificial broken shell " conventional seedbed system method (CK)：After aspermous watermelon seed-soaking 3h, artificial broken shell is wrapped up with wet cloth,
The vernalization at 32 DEG C of temperature, sows the nursery in permeable matrix is poured after vernalization.
Result of the test (table 9) shows that " exempting from broken shell batch seeding and seedling raising method " is compared with " artificial broken shell conventional seedbed system method "：Hair
Bud rate indifference, reach more than 85%, emergence rate reaches 93.1%, improves 10.2%, and grafting utilization rate reaches 88.4%, raising
17.1%, planting percent reaches 95.1%, improves 6.6%, and seed utilization rate reaches 78.3%, improves 26%.
Table 9：" exempting from broken shell " and " artificial broken shell " Experiment on graft reproduction result
General principle, principal character and the advantages of the present invention of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and that described in above-described embodiment and specification is only the present invention
Preference, be not intended to limit the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also have it is various
Changes and improvements, these changes and improvements all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention is by institute
Attached claims and its equivalent thereof.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of aspermous watermelon exempts from broken shell batch seeding growing seedlings method, it is characterised in that step is：
Aspermous watermelon seed-soaking 6h, is washed by rubbing with the hands with lime and is cleaned after the surface of the seed mucus, air-dried to seed moisture content 50%-
55%；
By ten thousand/m of seed density 2.5-3.02, use weight 750g/m2, water content 175%-200% cotton gauze parcel seed,
It is placed in 32 DEG C of vernalization of temperature；
Using turf, perlite by volume 1:1 prepares matrix, regulation water content of substrate 55-60%；
Aspermous watermelon seed after vernalization presses ten thousand/m of density 0.35-0.42Sowing, 32 DEG C of germination temperature；
When seed 50% is unearthed, matrix moisturizing is carried out using tide irrigation mode.
2. aspermous watermelon according to claim 1 exempts from broken shell batch seeding growing seedlings method, it is characterised in that the turf of use
Fibre length 0-10mm, the particle diameter 2-4mm of perlite.
3. aspermous watermelon according to claim 1 exempts from broken shell batch seeding growing seedlings method, it is characterised in that aspermous watermelon kind
Son is soaked seed with 0.02g/L withered grass bacterium fat tire sodium+1.5g/L potassium sulfate solutions.
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| CN201710350402.8A CN107124933B (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2017-05-18 | Seed-free watermelon seed-breaking-free batch seeding and seedling raising method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110692308A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-01-17 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Seedless watermelon shell-breaking-free germination accelerating method |
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