CN107124933B - Seed-free watermelon seed-breaking-free batch seeding and seedling raising method - Google Patents
Seed-free watermelon seed-breaking-free batch seeding and seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention provides a seed-free watermelon shell-breaking batch seeding and seedling method, which comprises the following steps: soaking seedless watermelon seeds in a solution of 0.02g/L of sodium subtillide embryo and 1.5g/L of potassium sulfate for 6 hours, washing mucus on the surfaces of the seeds by lime, and then, drying the seeds until the water content of the seeds is 50-55 percent; according to the seed density of 2.5-3.0 ten thousand grains/m2Using a weight of 750g/m2Wrapping the seeds with cotton gauze containing 175-200% of water, and accelerating germination at 32 ℃; preparing a matrix by adopting grass carbon with the fiber length of 0-10mm and perlite with the particle size of 2-4mm according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and adjusting the water content of the matrix to 55-60%; the density of the seedless watermelon seeds after germination accelerating is 0.35-0.4 ten thousand seeds/m2Sowing at the germination temperature of 32 ℃; when 50% of seeds come out of the soil, the substrate is supplemented with water by adopting a tidal irrigation mode. Compared with the conventional manual shell breaking and germination accelerating method, the seed-free watermelon batch seeding and seedling raising method has the advantages that the germination rate is not different and reaches over 85 percent, the emergence rate reaches 93.1 percent and is increased by 10.2 percent, the grafting utilization rate reaches 88.4 percent and is increased by 17.1 percent, the seedling rate reaches 95.1 percent and is increased by 6.6 percent, and the seed utilization rate reaches 78.3 percent and is increased by 26 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seedless watermelon seeding and seedling raising, in particular to a shell-breaking-free batch seeding and seedling raising method for seedless watermelons.
Background
The planting area and the yield of watermelons in China are the first in the world, the cultivation area of seedless watermelons is enlarged year by year in recent years, and the yield is stably increased; because the continuous cropping cultivation of the watermelon has serious blight, grafting cultivation is a main technical measure for preventing and treating the blight at present. The seedless watermelon seeds are triploid, have thick seed coats, abnormal cotyledon and weak vigor, cause low seed germination rate, low seedling rate and slow seedling growth, and bring great influence on the production of the seedless watermelons. At present, the germination rate of seeds is improved by adopting a method of breaking seed coats (manually breaking the shells) in production, but the method is easy to damage seed embryos; particularly, when seedless watermelons are grafted and grown, batch germination acceleration and seeding and seedling raising are required to be carried out on the seedless watermelons, a large amount of labor and time are consumed, and due to technical reasons, the seed utilization rate is only about 50%, the work efficiency is low, and the requirements of large-scale and industrialized production of modern agriculture cannot be met. Therefore, a method which is more convenient and feasible and is simple and convenient to operate is required to be explored to improve the germination rate of the seedless watermelon seeds.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seed-free watermelon seed-breaking-free batch seeding and seedling raising method to solve the technical problem.
Based on the characteristics that proper moisture and oxygen are required for seed germination, seedless watermelons are thick in seed shells and weak in seed embryo viability, the setting for improving the environment conditions of germination and unearthing is carried out from 2 stages of seedless watermelon seed germination and seed bud unearthing, so that the germination rate and the emergence rate of the seedless watermelons are improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a shell-breaking-free batch seeding and seedling raising method for seedless watermelons is characterized by comprising the following steps:
soaking the seedless watermelon seeds for 6 hours, washing mucus on the surfaces of the seeds by lime, and air-drying until the water content of the seeds is 50-55%;
according to the seed density of 2.5-3.0 ten thousand grains/m2Using a weight of 750g/m2Wrapping the seeds with cotton gauze containing 175-200% of water, and accelerating germination at 32 ℃;
preparing a matrix by adopting grass carbon and perlite according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and adjusting the water content of the matrix to 55-60%;
the density of the seedless watermelon seeds after germination accelerating is 0.35-0.4 ten thousand seeds/m2Sowing at the germination temperature of 32 ℃;
when 50% of seeds come out of the soil, the substrate is supplemented with water by adopting a tidal irrigation mode.
Preferably, the length of the adopted turf fiber is 0-10mm, and the particle size of the perlite is 2-4 mm.
Preferably, seedless watermelon seeds are soaked with 0.02g/L sodium subtillide +1.5g/L potassium sulfate solution. The germination acceleration of seedless watermelons is realized by soaking seeds in a solution of 0.02g/L of sodium subtillid embryo and 1.5g/L of potassium sulfate, and the germination rate is improved by 11.8 percent compared with that of seeds soaked in clear water.
The invention provides a method for reducing the water content of seeds to 50-55% before pregermination and the proper seed density to 2.5-3.0 ten thousand grains/m2And a dry weight for coating the seeds of 750g/m2And wet cotton gauze with water content of 175-200% are fused to form suitable conditions for seed-less watermelon seed shell-breaking-free batch germination acceleration, so that seed-less watermelon shell-breaking-free batch germination acceleration is realized.
The seedling raising matrix is prepared by adopting the volume ratio of the grass carbon to the perlite of 1:1, the water content of the matrix is 55-60% during sowing, and the sowing density is proper to be 0.35-0.4 ten thousand grains/m2The method is combined with a tidal irrigation water replenishing mode after seedling emergence, so that the seedling emergence environmental condition is optimized; compared with the conventional method, the emergence rate and the seedling rate of the seeding after watering by the common matrix are obviously improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the conventional manual shell breaking and germination accelerating method, the seed-free watermelon batch seeding and seedling raising method has the advantages that the germination rate is not different and reaches over 85 percent, the emergence rate reaches 93.1 percent and is increased by 10.2 percent, the grafting utilization rate reaches 88.4 percent and is increased by 17.1 percent, the seedling rate reaches 95.1 percent and is increased by 6.6 percent, and the seed utilization rate reaches 78.3 percent and is increased by 26 percent.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of technical means, characteristics of creation, objectives and functions realized by the present invention, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to be exhaustive. Based on the embodiments in the implementation, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The embodiment of the invention respectively performs a shell-breaking-free batch germination test of seedless watermelons and a batch seeding grafting seedling test of seedless watermelon seeds, and verifies the technical indexes of proper seed water content, environment humidity, a seeding seedling substrate formula, substrate humidity and the like when the seedless watermelon seeds are subjected to shell-breaking-free germination acceleration in batches.
Test one: seedless watermelon shell-breaking-free batch germination test
(1) Compound seed soaking germination test of' bacillus subtilis fat embryo sodium + potassium sulfate
The sodium subtillide is a surface active substance, and the seed soaking of potassium sulfate can promote the germination of seeds; through a compound seed soaking test of the sodium subtillides and potassium sulfate with different concentrations, the proper concentration for promoting the germination of the seedless watermelon seeds is screened out.
Firstly, 7 seed soaking and germination accelerating tests of different concentrations of the bacillus subtilis lipid embryo sodium are carried out, and the test results (table 1) show that 0.02g/L of the bacillus subtilis lipid embryo sodium is used for soaking seeds, so that the germination of seedless watermelon seeds can be promoted, and the germination index and the germination rate are respectively improved by 22.7 percent and 8.4 percent compared with the germination index and the germination rate which are not improved by seed soaking (CK). Then, 0.02g/L of the sodium subtillide and 8 potassium sulfate (with the purity of 99.6%) with different concentrations are used for seed soaking test, and the test results (shown in table 2) show that 0.02g/L of the sodium subtillide and 1.5g/L of the potassium sulfate can promote germination of seedless watermelon seeds, and compared with the seedless watermelon seeds which are not soaked (CK), the germination index and the germination rate are respectively improved by 32.2% and 11.8%.
Table 1: seed soaking and germination test results of different concentrations of sodium subtillis
Table 2: 0.02g/L of bacillus subtilis fat sodium and potassium sulfate with different concentrations to soak seeds and germinate test results
(2) Screening test for suitable water content for germination acceleration of seedless watermelon seeds
Preparing 15 parts of 400 seeds per each part of seedless watermelon seeds (300 seeds are used for a germination test and 100 seeds are used for water content measurement); soaking in 0.02g/L sodium subtillide and 1.5g/L potassium sulfate (purity 99.6%) solution for 6h, washing mucus on the surface of the seed with lime, and naturally airing the seed at room temperature of 20-25 deg.C; obtaining 15 parts of seeds with different water contents through different seed airing times, and then respectively detecting the water contents of the seeds and simultaneously carrying out germination tests (namely, 1 part of seeds is taken for testing every 20min of seed airing); soaking seeds for 4h by a conventional method, and manually breaking shells and accelerating germination as a Control (CK); the water content of the seeds adopts a drying method, the germination test adopts the steps that the seeds are placed in a glass culture dish, the bottom in the culture dish is paved with saturated water filter paper, the culture dish is externally coated with a preservative film to prevent water from losing, and the germination accelerating temperature is 32 ℃.
The test results shown in Table 3 show that when the water content of the seedless watermelon seeds is 50-55%, the germination vigor is uniform, the germination rate of 72h is more than 80%, and the method has no obvious difference from the conventional method, and achieves the purpose of avoiding shell breaking and accelerating germination.
Table 3: germination test result of seedless watermelon seeds with different water contents
(3) Seedless watermelon shell-breaking-free batch germination density test
On the basis of the test, 7 density treatments were set, each of which was 1.0 ten thousand grains/m21.5 ten thousand grains/m22.0 ten thousand grains/m22.5 ten thousand grains/m23.0 ten thousand grains/m23.5 ten thousand grains/m24.0 ten thousand grains/m2. Seeds are wrapped by 2 layers of wet cotton gauze without water drops in a germination accelerating container, the container is wrapped by a plastic film to prevent water loss, and the germination accelerating temperature is 32 ℃.
The test results (Table 4) show that the seed density is less than or equal to 3.0 ten thousand grains/m2The germination index and the germination rate are gradually reduced, but no obvious difference exists; the density of the seeds is more than or equal to 3.5 ten thousand grains/m2The germination index and the germination rate are obviously reduced. Therefore, 2.5-3.0 ten thousand grains/m are selected from the aspects of batch production, labor saving and germination acceleration2The seed germination accelerating density is proper.
Table 4: seedless watermelon shell-breaking-free batch germination density test result
(4) Seedless watermelon shell-breaking-free batch germination environment humidity test
On the basis of the test, the seedless watermelons are soaked for 6 hours, the water content is adjusted to be 50-55 percent, and the seed density is 3.0 ten thousand grains/m2And (5) carrying out a germination environment humidity test. In the test, 2 layers of cotton gauze with different water contents are used for wrapping the seeds, and the humidity of the germination environment is adjusted. Treating with 7 pieces of (T1-T7) cotton gauze with weight of 750g/m2The water content is 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, respectively.
The test results (table 5) show that the water content of the cotton gauze is 175-200%, and the germination index and the germination rate of the seedless watermelon seeds are obviously higher than those of other treatments and are proper water contents.
Table 5: test result of humidity test of shell-breaking-free batch germination environment of seedless watermelons
And (2) test II: batch seeding, grafting and seedling raising test for seedless watermelons
(1) Test for influence of porosity of seedling substrate on emergence rate of seedless watermelons and grafted seedling
Selecting turf with fiber length of 0-10mm and perlite with particle size of 2-4mm, and preparing 5 seedling-raising substrates (T1-T5) according to volume ratio, wherein the volume ratio is 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 1:2 and 1:3 respectively; soaking seedless watermelon seeds, washing, airing the seeds, accelerating germination and then sowing; filling a seedling raising box with a matrix, thoroughly watering, and covering the matrix after sowing (conventional method); the germination accelerating and unearthing temperature is 33 ℃; grafting and seedling by adopting a grafting method; each treatment was repeated 3 times with 100 pellets. Measuring the porosity of the matrix for each treatment, investigating germination index, emergence rate, seed utilization rate and seedling rate of each treatment, and screening the matrix porosity and the formula of turf and perlite which are suitable for seedless watermelon seedling culture.
The test results (table 6) show that the porosity of the seedling substrate is 2-3, which is beneficial to the emergence of seeds, and the germination index and the emergence rate are both high; the turf and the perlite are prepared into the matrix according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and the seedless watermelon grafting seedling rate and the seed utilization rate are highest, so that the matrix is an optimal formula.
Table 6: test result of influence of porosity on emergence rate and grafting seedling
(2) Test for influence of water content of seedling substrate on emergence rate of seedless watermelons and grafted seedling
On the basis of a test, turf with the fiber length of 0-10mm and perlite with the particle size of 2-4mm are selected, seedling culture matrixes are prepared according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and the water contents of 7 matrixes are adjusted to be 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70% and 75% respectively; soaking seedless watermelon seeds, washing, airing (50-55%) and sowing; filling a seedling raising box with a substrate, and covering the substrate with the thickness of 1-1.5cm after germination; the germination accelerating and unearthing temperature is 32 ℃; each treatment was repeated 3 times with 100 pellets. CK: the germination box is paved with filter paper for sowing and accelerating germination (germination rate). After more than 50% of seeds come out of the soil, matrix water supplement is carried out by adopting a tidal irrigation mode. Grafting and seedling by adopting a grafting method. Investigating germination index, emergence rate, seed utilization rate and seedling rate of each treatment, and screening the water content of the matrix suitable for seedless watermelon seedling culture.
The test results (table 7) show that the water content of the substrate is 55-60%, the emergence rate of the seedless watermelon seeds reaches more than 85%, the utilization rate of the seeds is more than 75%, the grafting seedling rate is more than 94%, and the substrate has the proper water content in the germination and emergence stages of the seedless watermelon seeds.
Table 7: test result of influence of substrate water content on emergence rate and grafting seedling
(3) Test for influence of different seeding densities on emergence rate of seedless watermelons and grafting and seedling raising
On the basis of the test, turf and perlite are selected and prepared into a seedling culture substrate according to the volume ratio of 1:1, the water content of the substrate is adjusted to be 55-60%, the seedless watermelon seeds are soaked, scrubbed and the water content of the seeds is adjusted to be 50-55%, and germination and seeding are carried out. The seeding density is set to be 7 (T1-T8) density treatments, and the density treatments are respectively 0.2 ten thousand grains/m20.25 ten thousand grains/m20.3 ten thousand grains/m20.35 ten thousand grains/m20.4 ten thousand grains/m20.45 ten thousand grains/m20.5 ten thousand grains/m20.55 ten thousand grains/m2。
The test results (Table 8) show that the seed density is less than or equal to 0.4 ten thousand grains/m2The germination index, the emergence rate, the grafting seedling rate and the seed utilization rate have no obvious difference, and the seed density is more than or equal to 0.45 ten thousand grains/m2The germination index, the emergence rate, the grafting seedling rate and the seed utilization rate are obviously reduced. . Therefore, 0.35-0.4 ten thousand grains/m is selected from the aspects of batch, labor-saving sowing, grafting and seedling raising2The seedling growing rate is more than 97 percent for proper seeding and seedling density and graftingThe utilization rate of the seedling seeds is more than 75%.
Table 8: test result of influence of seeding density on emergence rate and grafting seedling
And (3) test III: contrast test for batch seeding, grafting and seedling raising of ' shell breaking free ' and ' artificial shell breaking
The test is repeated for 3 times, each time, the number of seeds is 0.4 ten thousand, and the germination rate, the grafting seedling rate and the seed utilization rate are investigated.
(1) The 'shell breaking-free' batch seeding and seedling raising method comprises the following steps: soaking seedless watermelon seeds in 0.02g/L of sodium subtillide embryo and 1.5g/L of potassium sulfate (the purity is 99.6%) "for 6h, scrubbing mucus on the surfaces of the seeds with lime, then cleaning, air-drying until the water content of the seeds is 50-55%, wrapping the seeds with 750g/m2 and cotton gauze with the water content of 175-200% according to the seed density of 2.5-3.0 ten thousand grains/m 2, and placing at the temperature of 32 ℃ for germination acceleration; preparing a matrix by adopting turf with the fiber length of 0-10mm and perlite with the grain diameter of 2-4mm according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adjusting the water content of the matrix to be 55-60%, and accelerating germination of seedless watermelon seeds according to the density of 0.35-0.4 ten thousand grains/m2Sowing at the germination temperature of 32 ℃; when 50% of seeds come out of the soil, the substrate is supplemented with water by adopting a tidal irrigation mode.
(2) "artificial shell breaking" conventional seedling method (CK): after the seedless watermelon seeds are soaked for 3 hours, the seeds are manually broken, wrapped by wet cloth, subjected to germination acceleration at the temperature of 32 ℃, and sowed in a thoroughly watered substrate for seedling culture after the germination acceleration.
The test results (table 9) show that the "batch seeding and seedling method without breaking hulls" is compared with the "conventional seedling method by manually breaking hulls": the germination rate is not different and reaches more than 85 percent, the emergence rate reaches 93.1 percent and is improved by 10.2 percent, the grafting utilization rate reaches 88.4 percent and is improved by 17.1 percent, the seedling rate reaches 95.1 percent and is improved by 6.6 percent, and the seed utilization rate reaches 78.3 percent and is improved by 26 percent.
Table 9: grafting seedling test results of ' shell breaking free ' and ' artificial shell breaking
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (2)
1. A shell-breaking-free batch seeding and seedling raising method for seedless watermelons is characterized by comprising the following steps: soaking the seedless watermelon seeds for 6 hours, washing mucus on the surfaces of the seeds by lime, and air-drying until the water content of the seeds is 50-55%; according to the seed density of 2.5-3.0 ten thousand grains/m2Using a weight of 750g/m2Wrapping the seeds with cotton gauze containing 175-200% of water, and accelerating germination at 32 ℃;
preparing a matrix by adopting grass carbon and perlite according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and adjusting the water content of the matrix to 55-60%;
the density of the seedless watermelon seeds after germination accelerating is 0.35-0.4 ten thousand seeds/m2Sowing at the germination temperature of 32 ℃;
when 50% of seeds come out of the soil, a tidal irrigation mode is adopted to replenish water to the substrate;
seeds of seedless watermelons are soaked in 0.02g/L sodium surfactin and 1.5g/L potassium sulfate solution.
2. The seed-free watermelon seed-breaking-free batch seeding and seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the adopted turf fiber length is 0-10mm, and the particle size of perlite is 2-4 mm.
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| CN102119595A (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2011-07-13 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for improving germination ratio of triploid seedless watermelon seeds |
| CN104798811A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-07-29 | 山西大学 | Seed soaking agent capable of promoting germination of plant seeds and seed soaking method using seed soaking agent |
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| US20030121075A1 (en) * | 2001-12-26 | 2003-06-26 | Barham Warren S. | Method of producing seedless watermelon |
| CN105294325A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-02-03 | 安徽帝元生物科技有限公司 | Leaf fertilizer containing natural high-activity iturins sodium surfactin and preparation method of leaf fertilizer |
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| CN102119595A (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2011-07-13 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for improving germination ratio of triploid seedless watermelon seeds |
| CN104798811A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-07-29 | 山西大学 | Seed soaking agent capable of promoting germination of plant seeds and seed soaking method using seed soaking agent |
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| 小型西瓜立体高效栽培技术;刘二春等;《蔬菜》;20111130(第11期);第4-6页 * |
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