CN103959956A - Soilless rice seedling raising method and application - Google Patents
Soilless rice seedling raising method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN103959956A CN103959956A CN201410211815.4A CN201410211815A CN103959956A CN 103959956 A CN103959956 A CN 103959956A CN 201410211815 A CN201410211815 A CN 201410211815A CN 103959956 A CN103959956 A CN 103959956A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of rice machine transplanting seedling raising technologies and relates to a soilless rice seedling raising method and application. The soilless rice seedling raising method comprises the following steps: preparing a seedling bed; preparing a seedling raising medium; sowing seed rice; coating a film; managing seedlings; and drawing and transporting the seedlings. Rice husk and nonwovens are used as water volume seedling raising media, a water planting nutrient solution is applied to seedling cultivation, the fertilizer utilization efficiency is greatly increased, the seedlings grow strongly, and the elasticity is relatively great. The length of raised seedling volume reaches 3-6m, the weight is only 1/5 of that of a conventional seedling block, and the investment of manpower and machines in the seedling block carrying process is reduced. Meanwhile, the number of halt and seedling supplement of a rice transplanter is effectively reduced so that the farming machine transplanting efficiency is greatly improved in the machine transplanting farming process as the seedling volume is 3-6m. The soilless rice seedling cultivation method is simple and convenient to operate, labor-saving and time-saving. By utilizing the soilless rice seedling raising method, industrialized, intensive and large-scale seedling raising is easy to realize.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rice mechanical transplanting seedling-cultivation technique field, relate to paddy rice soilless breeding seeding method and application.
Background technology
Paddy rice is one of most important cereal crops in the world, and world's population over half is taking rice as staple food.China is maximum in the world rice producing country and country of consumption, and the sowing area of paddy rice is larger, in world's Rice Cropping, occupies the second, and gross yield occupies first place in the world.In recent years, due to the quickening of Re-search on Urbanization process and industry restructuring paces, Rice Production mode is changed to Development Tendency of Bowl-rear Transplanting Mechanization mode fast.
The application of rice mechanization transplantation technique, is mainly subject to the impact of two factors, and one is rice transplanter performance and operation thereof, and another is exactly the cultivation of the strong seedling of suitable rice mechanical transplanting; And instantly, riding type high-speed transplanter is inserted frequency and can be reached 13.3 times/second, 800 beats/min, 6.6 revolutions per seconds, 400 revs/min of revoliving arm rotating speeds, rice transplanter operating rate is highly improved, and the unmanned high-accuracy water rice transplanter that meanwhile researcher adopts carrier phase difference GPS (also referred to as RTKGPS) technology and optical fibre gyro (FOG) sensor to develop has also been born, rice transplanter has developed into a very high level; The cultivation of rice shoot becomes the key factor that instantly restricts rice mechanization transplanting development.
At present, the paddy rice nursery method of mechanization transplanting mainly comprises floppy disk seedling, two film seedling and hard disk seedling, correlation technique is all ripe, can tentatively cultivate the strong seedling that suitable for mechanization is transplanted, compare traditional-handwork seedling transplanting and promoted by a relatively large margin labor productivity, alleviate the labour intensity of Rice Production, reduce labour's input, reduce production cost, increased output and income, improved paddy rice integrated production capacity.
But, existing raising rice seedlings mode is all to carry out seedling taking soil or new medium as seedling medium relies on seedling dish, and the long 0.03m × 0.28m × 0.58m that is of the wide * of traditional seedling-cultivation plate * with a high standard, all there are some potential problems in which, main manifestations is: the seedling dish that (1) is equipped with soil has about 6kg quality, even if Novel sprout cultivation matrix also has 4-5kg, seedling soil is prepared time-consuming work consuming; (2) unit are needs seedling dish number many, must carry seedling dish repeatedly from being seeded into plant, and farm is larger, and the labour that carrying is spent is just more; (3) rice transplanter will constantly be shut down benefit seedling, and operating efficiency is lower; (4) traditional native seedling utilization rate of fertilizer is low, and the fertile workload of bed earth culture is large, and seedling age elasticity is less.(5) because hybrid rice sowing quantity is less, cause the corresponding minimizing of rice seedling bed seeding quantity, affect Honda machine transplanting of rice quality and ultimate output.
Therefore, how a kind of rice machine rice transplanting method of raising seedling is provided, and the earth adopting with abandoning tradition method of raising seedling, cultivates into the rice shoot volume that length is longer, to improve machine transplanting of rice efficiency, to reduce manpower and materials input, obtain high yield is the current technical issues that need to address of those skilled in the art simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
For solving problems of the prior art, the invention using rice husk and nonwoven as rice breeding medium, using this as basis, a kind of Novel rice method of raising seedling has been proposed, improved production efficiency, reduced production cost, the performance of paddy rice quality is good.
A kind of method that the invention provides paddy rice soilless breeding seeding, comprises the steps:
(1) prepare in seedbed: seedbed is arranged in seedling greenhouse, and seedling greenhouse, seedbed are cleaned; With bactericide evenly spray seedling greenhouse, sterilization is carried out in seedbed, ensure in seedling greenhouse without damage by disease and insect;
(2) seedling medium is prepared: the rice husk after de-rough is laid in seedling-cultivation plate, is evenly laid on rice husk with nonwoven, seamless between guarantee nonwoven and rice husk, nonwoven all covers rice husk; Utilize raising rice seedlings spraying system to spray water to seedbed, rice husk natural sedimentation, nonwoven and rice husk are attached together;
(3) sow seed rice: seed rice uniform broadcasting, on nonwoven, is sprayed to moisture, make water layer thickness reach the 1/3-1/2 of seed rice thickness; Seed rice average thickness is 0.32mm.
(4) overlay film: after planting, adopt non-textile mulch to grow seedlings to ensure that seed rice grows normally;
(5) rice shoot management: 1 heart stage of after planting to 2 of seed rice leaf sprays pouring rice shoot with running water, since nutrient solution circulation pouring rice shoot for 21 heart stages of leaf; After planting take root vertical seedling to rice shoot and start to take off the in good time hardening of film; Before shoot transplanting equipment, according to seedling growth situation, rice shoot is used to send and transfer fertilizer;
(6) play seedling fortune seedling: in the time of 31 heart stages of leaf of rice shoot, plant height 12-15cm, volume seedling makes rectangular rice shoot piece become rice shoot volume, transports afterwards seedling rice transplanting.
The method of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding provided by the invention, as preferably, selects seed rice as seed selection liquid using salt solution sowing before seed rice, the proportion japonica rice of seed selection liquid is equal to or greater than 1.10, long-grained nonglutinous rice is equal to or greater than 1.06, fully eluriates or rinse in time paddy after seed selection, salinity is removed clean; Wherein, the proportion standard of salt solution is prepared according to traditional compound method: the floating large area of approximately 2 coin-dividing that wherein exposes of seed selection liquid Fresh Egg that proportion is 1.10, in 1 premium on currency, often add 20 grams of salt, the proportion of the aqueous solution improves 0.01, can be in this ratio preparation seed selection liquid.
The method of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding provided by the invention, as preferably, soaks seed to seed rice sowing before seed rice, japonica rice 80 day degrees of soaking seed, long-grained nonglutinous rice 60 day degrees, to ensure that seed rice suctions moisture, its standard is that husk is transparent, and grain of rice white belly is visible, and the grain of rice easily fractures and without sound.
The method of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding provided by the invention, as preferably, carries out vernalization 30 day degrees to seed rice sowing before seed rice, ensures that germination vigor reaches more than 85%, rice sprout, root growth neat and consistent, and young shoot is sturdy, and color is fresh white, and smell delicate fragrance, without vinosity.
The method of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding provided by the invention, as preferably, in seedling medium, rice husk thickness is 1cm.
The method of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding provided by the invention, as preferably, in breeding medium, it is 20g/m that nonwoven adopts density
2spin glutinous nonwoven; In overlay film process, the nonwoven of employing is that white is spun glutinous or melt spraying non-woven fabrics, and density is 40g/m
2.
The method of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding provided by the invention, as preferably, keeps temperature of shed 28-35 DEG C, relative moisture more than 90% in rice shoot management, guarantee the vertical pin of seed rice one Hong and neat, make seed rice germinate at one time as far as possible simultaneously.
The method of the above-mentioned paddy rice soilless breeding seeding of the present invention, before shoot transplanting equipment, rice shoot is used to send and transfer fertile standard and be: leaf look takes off light de-power seedling, mu dissolves in 500 kilograms of mill water culture nutrient solutions in evenly spraying or sprinkle and water at dusk with 4～4.5 kilograms, urea, after executing and spill a clear water in case fertilizer damage burning seedling; Leaf look normal, leaf is tall and straight and do not drape over one's shoulders down seedling, and mu dissolves in 100～150 kilograms of mill water culture nutrient solutions with 1～1.5 kilogram, urea and carries out root outer spraying; Under leaf look dark green and blade, drape over one's shoulders seedling, be sure not fertilising, should control water to improve seedling matter.
The paddy rice soilless breeding seeding method that the present invention is above-mentioned, as preferably, in step (1) the seedbed preparatory stage, prior to seeding using fenaminosulf sodium p (dimethylamino) benzenediazo sulfonate} be watered as bactericide evenly spray seedling greenhouse, sterilization is carried out in seedbed; Be watered wiring solution-forming as agriculture chemicals fungicide with disliking mould spirit (hymexazol), utilize the raising rice seedlings circulatory system to circulate; Wherein, the consumption of fenaminosulf is that 1.5 grams of 70% fenaminosulf are watered 1.5 kilograms; The consumption of disliking mould spirit is that the aqua 20g of active ingredient 15% is watered 20-30kg.
The present invention also provides this paddy rice soilless breeding seeding method application without native machine transplanting of rice field in paddy rice.
The method of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding provided by the invention, step 1) in evenly spraying seedling greenhouse with bactericide, seedbed is watered wiring solution-forming with agriculture chemicals fungicide after carrying out sterilization again, utilize water circulation system to circulate, use again afterwards clear water instead and circulate, ensure in seedling greenhouse without damage by disease and insect; Step 2) in after nonwoven is evenly laid on rice husk, utilize raising rice seedlings spraying system to spray water to seedbed; Step 5) in, 1 heart stage of after planting to 2 of seed rice leaf, adopts raising rice seedlings spraying system to spray pouring rice shoot with running water, circulates and waters rice shoot by water pump since 2 leaf 1 heart stages use nutrient solutions.
Wherein, seedling-cultivation plate is made by PVC materials processing, and long is 3-6m, and by stent support, compared with conventional hard, bottom does not have permeable air-vent, utilizes the capable rice shoot pouring of spraying apparatus and water spirt
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. the present invention has abandoned earth or the matrix that traditional seedling adopts completely, utilizing paddy rice rice husk and non-woven fabric (Nonwovencloth) is raising rice seedlings medium, wherein rice husk wide material sources, cheap, and without reprocessing, utilize rice husk and nonwoven as new raising rice seedlings medium, thoroughly having solved grows seedlings fetch earth vegetation destruction and the difficult problem that fetches earth, reduce and fetched earth, sieve soil, acid adjustment, mix fertilizer, mix the production process such as medicine, storage, greatly reduced the input of the manpower and materials such as preparation, processing of seedling medium in large-scale production; In addition, because rice shoot volume unit weight is lighter, be convenient to transport, little to rice transplanter load, thereby mechanical wear is light, rice transplanting speed is fast.
2. utilizing the rice shoot volume length that the present invention cultivates to reach 3-6m, be 6-10 times of conventional seedling piece (0.58m), but its quality is only 1/5 of conventional Nutrition Soil seedling piece, has alleviated the input of manpower in seedling piece handling process, machinery.Meanwhile, due to the long 3-6m of seedling volume, in machine transplanting of rice Honda process, effectively reduce rice transplanter and shut down the number of times of mending seedling, made Honda machine transplanting of rice efficiency have lifting by a relatively large margin;
3. the present invention adopts the mill water culture nutrient solution pouring rice shoot that sprays, circulates, increase the artificial ability of regulation and control to seedling growth, simultaneously owing to adopting this patent to carry out seedling cultivation, adopt running water to water early stage at seedling growth, adopt nutrient solution to utilize water pump circulation to water to the later stage and cultivate rice shoot, greatly improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, seedling growth stalwartness, elasticity is larger.
4. adopt the present invention to cultivate rice shoot, seedling quality and conventional Nutrition Soil seedling quality maintain an equal level, and even have superiority; Ultimate output the have potentiality that obtain high yield the same as conventional Nutrition Soil seedling.In addition, because the present invention is easy and simple to handle, be convenient to batch production, specialized seedling, can effectively promote the development of rice machine rice transplanting industry.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1: the method step of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding
In Fig. 2: embodiment 1, adopt No. 24 rice shoot growing ways as sowing seed rice of military fortune round-grained rice
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described, and the experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example, conventionally according to the known approaches of this area.
Embodiment 1
1 test site: test in 2012-2013 and carry out at Agricultural University Of Nanjing's Danyang Experimental Base (32 ° of 00 ' N, 119 ° 32 ' E, 7masl).
2 seed treatment
2.1. seed selection: seed quality should meet GB4404.1 regulation, adopts the commercial seed of standard: military No. 24, round-grained rice of fortune (japonica rice).Before seed soaking, bask seeds, take off awns, Screening Treatment, adopt the salt solution that proportion is 1.10 to carry out seed screening as seed selection liquid, the specific practice of seed selection liquid is: according to traditional compound method preparation, proportion is 1.10 the floating large area of approximately 2 coin-dividing that wherein exposes of seed selection liquid Fresh Egg, in 1 premium on currency, often add 20 grams of salt, the proportion of the aqueous solution improves 0.01, can be in this ratio preparation seed selection liquid.The proportion of seed selection liquid can be greater than 1.10, and the area that egg spills in salt solution can be greater than the area of 2 coin-dividings.After seed selection, must fully eluriate in time or rinse, salinity be removed clean.
2.2 germination tests: paddy seeds germination rate requires more than 90%, and germination vigor is more than 85%.
2.3 medicaments seed soaking: select " making hectogram (carbosulfan) " 1 (2 milliliters of meterings) to add " Imidacloprid (Imidacloprid) " 10 grams when seed soaking and be watered 6 kilograms and soak 5 kilograms of seeds.Seed soaking time length should be determined with temperature, japonica rice 80 day degrees of need soaking seed that adopt as the present embodiment, and the time is about 3 days, ensures that seed rice suctions moisture, and standard is that husk is transparent, and grain of rice white belly is visible, and the grain of rice easily fractures and without sound.
2.4 vernalization: vernalization requires rice shoot " fast, neat, even, strong "." soon " refers to and urged at short notice bud, raising rice seedlings of the present invention is due to the medium of having selected rice husk and nonwoven as seedling growth, so the dish of rice shoot root system and nonwoven knot is a major issue that affects later stage operation and the machine transplanting of rice, thereby rice shoot germination time should not be excessively of a specified duration when raising rice seedlings in the present invention, general vernalization 30 day degrees, the time is about 1 day; " together " refers to and requires germination vigor to reach more than 85%; " even " refers to Fructus Oryzae Germinatus, root growth neat and consistent; " strengthen " and refer to that young shoot is sturdy, root is long, the long ratio of bud is suitable, and color is fresh white, and smell delicate fragrance, without vinosity.Main process and the feature sprouted according to seed growth, vernalization can be divided into the broken chest of high temperature, thermophilic vernalization and airing refining 3 stages of bud.
Prepare in 3 seedbeds: raising rice seedlings is seedling in the facility plastic greenhouse subenvironment of relative closure, if once indoor susceptible, can rapid spread, thus before sowing for aobvious most important of the sterilization of the equipment such as indoor, seedbed, seedling-cultivation plate.Generally within several days, with 70% fenaminosulf, { sulfonate}1.5 gram of sodium p (dimethylamino) benzenediazo is watered 1.5 kilograms prior to seeding, evenly spray indoor with diseases prevention sterilization, in booth, must clean out in addition neatly, prevent the parasite parasitisms such as damage by disease and insect; In addition, with disliking mould spirit (hymexazol), what the present invention adopted is aqua, and active ingredient is that 15%, 20g is watered 20kg wiring solution-forming, utilizes afterwards raising rice seedlings water circulation system to circulate, and uses afterwards clear water instead again and circulates.
4 seedling media are prepared: first the rice husk after de-rough is evenly laid in the seedling-cultivation plate being placed on seedbed, ensures that rice husk is even, thickness is 1cm, and 20g/m afterwards tiles
2spin glutinous nonwoven, ensure that nonwoven is evenly laid on rice husk, seamless between the two, rice husk is all capped, utilizes afterwards spraying system to spray water to seedbed, makes rice husk natural sedimentation, and nonwoven and rice husk are attached together, and can within one day, prepare prior to seeding.
5 sow seed rice: by the seed rice of having urged bud quantitatively, broadcast sowing uniformly (craft or sower) on nonwoven, spray afterwards moisture, moisture should not too much can not be very few, and making water layer thickness is that 1/2 of seed rice thickness is advisable, seed rice average thickness is 0.32mm, and the water yield is measured with this; Main cause is that the skewness of seed rice on breeding medium can be assembled and then cause to excess moisture seed rice automatically, and hypohydration can make seed rice normally absorb enough moisture and ensure germinating growth.
6 overlay films: after planting, adopt white 40g/m
2spinning glutinous non-textile mulch grows seedlings; If facility plastic greenhouse is stronger for the degree of control of the factor such as temperature and humidity, after planting can cover, after planting by the regulation and control of the factors such as indoor temperature and humidity also adjustable seed rice are grown normally.
7 rice shoot management:
7.1 hot and humid short neat seedlings: through the seed rice of vernalization, after planting need, through hot and humid just can emerging neatly of a period of time, therefore should take to heat moist keeping measures, guarantee the neat seedling of safety.Keep 28-35 DEG C of temperature of shed, relative moisture more than 90%, guarantee vertical pin one Hong and neat, seed rice evenly germinates between at the same time.
7.2 ventilation hardenings: be generally the canopy film sealing stage while being seeded into the vertical pin of seed rice, taking heat and moisture preserving as main, only have in the time that temperature in the shed exceedes 35 DEG C just that can to open two, seedbed noon aeration-cooling, capping in time subsequently; Vertical pin to leaf one heart stage secondary root ramp is extended, and root system starts interleaved discs knot, therefore wets as main taking temperature adjustment control, and temperature in the shed should remain on 25 DEG C of left and right, must open in time two aeration-cooling, in case excessive growth while exceeding; From 1 leaf 1 heart to 2 leaf 1 hearts, this, temperature of shed was 25～30 DEG C in period, and the excess Temperature hardening of will ventilating, in case excessive growth.The hardening of lowering the temperature when temperature is on the low side can strengthen rice shoot adaptability.When general fine day film internal and external temperature approaches, temperature more than 15 DEG C, just can be taken off film ventilation hardening; Stable during by 14 DEG C when daily mean temperature, lower gradually temp. and humidity in canopy, make temp. and humidity in canopy before transplanting gradually approach extraneous weather conditions.
7.3 moisture and nutrient management: 1 heart stage of after planting to 2 of seed rice leaf adopts spraying system to spray pouring rice shoot with running water, circulate and water rice shoot by water pump since 2 leaf 1 heart stages use nutrient solutions; Before shoot transplanting equipment, according to seedling growth situation, rice shoot to be used to send and transfer fertilizer, concrete fertilization time should use according to machine transplanting of rice progress in batches, generally within 3-4 days before transplanting, carries out, and fertilizer application amount and application process should be depending on seedling looks:
7.3.1 leaf look takes off light de-power seedling, and mu dissolves in 500 kilograms of mill water culture nutrient solutions in evenly spraying or sprinkle and water at dusk with 4 kilograms, urea, after executing and spill a clear water in case fertilizer damage burning seedling;
7.3.2 leaf look normal, leaf is tall and straight and do not drape over one's shoulders down seedling, and mu dissolves in mill water culture nutrient solution double centner with 1 kilogram, urea and carries out root outer spraying;
7.3.3 under leaf look dark green and blade, drape over one's shoulders seedling, be sure not fertilising, should control water to improve seedling matter.
Wherein, nutrient solution is taken from the nutrient solution of announcing in patent application 201110457967.9, fills a prescription as follows: the component of every liter of nutrient solution mother liquor: H
3bO
3284.4mgL
-1, CuSO
45H
2o7.5mgL
-1, ZnSO
47H
2o23mgL
-1, MnCl
2.4H
2o178.1mgL
-1, Na
2moO
4.2H
2o2.4mgL
-1, Na
2siO
39H
2o19.21gL
-1, Fe-EDTA7.5gL
-1, KCl7.46gL
-1, CaCl
27.71gL
-1, MgSO
4.7H
2o6.61gL
-1, KH
2pO
42.72gL
-1, NH
4nO
317.15gL
-1, all the other are water.
7.3.3 under leaf look dark green and blade, drape over one's shoulders seedling, be sure not fertilising, the control water that should ventilate is to improve seedling quality.
8 seedling fortune seedlings:
8.1 qualities of seedlings: require seedling neat, evenly, without damage by disease and insect, without pounding strain weeds, stem foot is flat thick, root growth is vigorous, can coil and form piece, cannot not mention loosely.
8.2 seedling fortune seedlings: in the time of 31 heart stages of leaf of rice shoot, plant height 12-15cm, adopt manual volume rice shoot to become rice shoot volume, transport afterwards seedling rice transplanting.
Fig. 2 adopts No. 24 rice shoot growing way figure as sowing seed rice of military fortune round-grained rice in the present embodiment.
Embodiment 2
1. test site: test in 2012-2013 and carry out at Agricultural University Of Nanjing's Danyang Experimental Base (32 ° of 00 ' N, 119 ° of 32 ' E, 7m asl).
2. rice varieties is selected: seed quality should meet GB4404.1 regulation, No. 24, the military fortune of conventional japonica rice round-grained rice, thousand kernel weight 27g; 6 liang of indica Hybrid Rices are excellent 9368, thousand kernel weight 28g.
3, experimental scheme
Raising rice seedlings is with 20g/m
2it is seedling medium that white is spun glutinous nonwoven+1cm rice husk, be labeled as LMSH group (long matseedling raised by hydroponics), contrast is taking conventional Nutrition Soil as seedling medium, be labeled as CK group (conventionalmat seeding raised in soil), No. 24, military fortune round-grained rice and 6 liang of excellent 9368 amounts of broadcasting are with conventional seedling-cultivation plate size 0.28m × 0.58m metering, all sow separately respectively 120g/ dish, 70g/ dish, 1 dish is broadcast in raising rice seedlings processing, seedling-cultivation plate size is 0.28m × 4m, repeats 3 times; Nutrition Soil seedling 10 is coiled.
It is 9m × 12m that Honda is cultivated every community area, and test repeats 3 times.
4. process of the test
4.1 seed treatment: the work such as seed will be carried out and bask seeds before seed soaking, Tuo Mang and germination test, screen for seeds choosing method adopts saline solution to select as seed selection liquid, specific practice is: the proportion japonica rice of seed selection liquid is equal to or greater than 1.10, and long-grained nonglutinous rice is equal to or greater than 1.06.With sorting seed by salt water, the floating large area of approximately 2 coin-dividing that wherein exposes of seed selection liquid Fresh Egg that proportion is 1.10, being formulated as in 1 premium on currency of seed selection liquid often adds 20 grams of salt, and the proportion of the aqueous solution improves 0.01, can be in this ratio preparation seed selection liquid.After seed selection, must fully eluriate in time or rinse, salinity be removed clean.
4.2 germination tests: paddy seeds germination rate requires more than 90%, and germination vigor is more than 85%.
4.3 medicaments seed soaking: when seed soaking, can select " making hectogram (carbosulfan) " 1 (being 2 milliliters of meterings) add " Imidacloprid " (Imidacloprid) 10 grams be watered 7 kilograms and soak 5 kilograms of seeds.Seed soaking time length should be determined with temperature, general japonica rice 80 day degrees of need soaking seed, and the time is about 3 days; Long-grained nonglutinous rice 60 day degrees, the time is about 2 days, ensures that seed rice suctions moisture, and its standard is that husk is transparent, and grain of rice white belly is visible, and the grain of rice easily fractures and without sound.
4.4 vernalization: vernalization requires rice shoot " fast, neat, even, strong "." soon " refers to and urged at short notice bud, paddy rice nursery method provided by the invention, due to the medium of having selected rice husk and nonwoven as seedling growth, so the dish of rice shoot root system and nonwoven knot is a major issue that affects later stage operation and the machine transplanting of rice, thereby rice shoot germination time should not be excessively of a specified duration in the time of raising rice seedlings, general vernalization 30 day degrees, the time is about 1 day; " together " refers to and requires germination vigor to reach more than 85%; " even " refers to seed rice bud, root growth neat and consistent; " strengthen " and refer to that young shoot is sturdy, root is long, the long ratio of bud is suitable, and color is fresh white, and smell delicate fragrance, without vinosity.Main process and the feature sprouted according to seed growth, vernalization can be divided into the broken chest of high temperature, thermophilic vernalization and airing refining 3 stages of bud.
Prepare in 4.5 seedbeds: raising rice seedlings is seedling in the facility plastic greenhouse subenvironment of relative closure, if once indoor susceptible, can rapid spread, thus before sowing for aobvious most important of the sterilization of the equipment such as indoor and seedbed.Generally within several days, be watered 1.5 kilograms with 1.5 grams of 70% fenaminosulf prior to seeding, evenly spray indoorly with diseases prevention sterilization, in booth, must clean out in addition neatly, prevent the parasite parasitisms such as damage by disease and insect; In addition, with disliking mould spirit, what the present invention adopted is aqua, active ingredient 15%, and 20g is watered 30kg wiring solution-forming, utilizes afterwards water volume seedling seedling water circulation system to circulate, and uses afterwards clear water instead again and circulates.
4.6 seedling media are prepared: the rice husk after first that paddy is de-rough is laid in the seedling being placed on seedbed, ensure that rice husk evenly tiles, thickness is 1cm, nonwoven afterwards tiles, after utilize spraying system to spray water to seedbed, rice husk natural sedimentation, nonwoven and rice husk are attached together, are generally sowing and prepare the previous day.
4.7 sow seed rice: by the seed rice of having urged bud quantitatively, broadcast sowing uniformly (craft or sower) on nonwoven, spray afterwards moisture, moisture is unsuitable too much should can not be very few, and making water layer thickness is that 1/3 of seed rice is advisable, seed rice average thickness is 0.32mm, and the water yield is measured with this; Main cause is that excess moisture seed rice can automatically be assembled and then cause seed rice inequality, and hypohydration can make seed rice normally absorb enough moisture and ensure germinating growth.
4.8 overlay films: after planting, adopt white 40g/m
2melt spraying non-woven fabrics covers and grows seedlings; If facility plastic greenhouse is stronger for the degree of control of the factor such as temperature and humidity, after planting can cover, after planting by the regulation and control of the factors such as indoor temperature and humidity also adjustable seed rice are grown normally.
4.9 rice shoot management:
4.9.1 hot and humid short neat seedling: through the seed rice of vernalization, after planting need, through hot and humid just can emerging neatly of a period of time, therefore should take to heat moist keeping measures, guarantee the neat seedling of safety.Keep 28-35 DEG C of temperature of shed, relative moisture more than 90%, guarantee vertical pin one Hong and neat.
4.9.2 the hardening of ventilating: be generally the canopy film sealing stage while being seeded into the vertical pin of seed rice, taking heat and moisture preserving as main, only have in the time that temperature in the shed exceedes 35 DEG C just that can to open two, seedbed noon aeration-cooling, capping in time subsequently; Vertical pin to leaf one heart stage secondary root ramp is extended, and root system starts interleaved discs knot, therefore wets as main taking temperature adjustment control, and temperature in the shed should remain on 25 DEG C of left and right, must open in time two aeration-cooling, in case excessive growth while exceeding; From 1 leaf 1 heart to 2 leaf 1 hearts, this, temperature of shed was 25～30 DEG C in period, and the excess Temperature hardening of will ventilating, in case excessive growth.The hardening of lowering the temperature when temperature is on the low side can strengthen rice shoot adaptability.When general fine day film internal and external temperature approaches, temperature more than 15 DEG C, just can be taken off film ventilation hardening; Stable during by 14 DEG C when daily mean temperature, lower gradually temp. and humidity in canopy, make temp. and humidity in canopy before transplanting gradually approach extraneous weather conditions.
4.9.3 moisture and nutrient management: 1 heart stage of after planting to 2 of seed rice leaf adopts spraying system to spray pouring rice shoot with running water, circulates and waters rice shoot by water pump since 2 leaf 1 heart stages use nutrient solutions; Before shoot transplanting equipment, according to seedling growth situation, rice shoot to be used to send and transfer fertilizer, concrete fertilization time should use according to machine transplanting of rice progress in batches, generally within 3-4 days before transplanting, carries out, and fertilizer application amount and application process should be depending on seedling looks:
(1) leaf look takes off light de-power seedling, and mu dissolves in 500 kilograms of mill water culture nutrient solutions in evenly spraying or sprinkle and water at dusk with 4.5 kilograms, urea, after executing and spill a clear water in case fertilizer damage burning seedling;
(2) leaf look normal, leaf is tall and straight and do not drape over one's shoulders down seedling, and mu dissolves in 150 kilograms of mill water culture nutrient solutions with 1.5 kilograms, urea and carries out root outer spraying;
(3) under leaf look dark green and blade, drape over one's shoulders seedling, be sure not fertilising, should control water to improve seedling matter.
4.10 seedling fortune seedlings:
4.10.1 the quality of seedlings: require seedling neat, evenly, without damage by disease and insect, without pounding strain weeds, stem foot is flat thick, root growth is vigorous, can coil and form piece, cannot not mention loosely.
4.10.2 play seedling fortune seedling: in the time of 31 heart stages of leaf of rice shoot, plant height 12-15cm, adopt manual volume rice shoot to become rice shoot volume, transport afterwards seedling rice transplanting.
Conventional Nutrition Soil method of operating is carried out in strict accordance with general raising rice seedlings operating procedure, and after shoot transplanting equipment Honda, water and fertilizer management carries out with local high-yield and high-efficiency way to manage.
5 mensuration project and methods
5.1 seedling qualities: before transplanting every seedling dish get at random that 20 strain rice shoots measure that leaf ages, plant height, stem foot are wide, radical, root length, improving activity of root system, hundred strains weights, moisture content.
5.2 output and output form: each monitoring point is 6 row (i.e. 1 rice transplanter working width) * 10 caves, real cave number and the number of productive ear inserted of counting, the average spike number in every cave of calculating, try to achieve unit are spike number according to average cave distance and line-spacing (30cm), it is 1 sample that 3 caves are got according to every cave spike number in each community, and natural air drying separates full grain number and unfilled gtains, every community is selected several 3 1000 full grains to weigh and is calculated thousand kernel weight, counts the ripening rate that unfilled gtains is figured simultaneously.
5.3 data analyses: adopt Microsoft Excel2007 to carry out data analysis and form making, SPSS17.0 software carries out correlation statistical analysis.
6. results and analysis
6.1 Different Raising Seedling modes are on transplanting the impact of front seedling quality
As shown in Table 1, two kinds of seedling raising method rice shoot plant heights, hundred strain stem fresh weights and hundred strain stem method of double differences are different not remarkable, and two Performance of cultivars are consistent; LMSH seedling is quickly tall and big in CK, wherein 6 liang of excellent 9368 significant differences; Cauline leaf moisture content be LMSH lower than CK, two Performance of cultivars are consistent; No. 24, military fortune round-grained rice heavy high than with planting percent LMSH than CK respectively high by 2.44%, 5.79%, 6 liang excellent 9368 heavy high than with planting percent LMSH than CK respectively high by 5.13%, 3.56%, wherein indica Hybrid Rice is heavy highly endures up to arriving significance level than, seedling.
Water volume seedling rice shoot root growth is vigorous, can coil and form piece, cannot not mention loosely, and root system look white; Measurement result shows (table 2), rice shoot hundred strain root fresh weights, hundred strain root dry weights and heavy high than being greater than CK for LMSH, two Performance of cultivars are consistent, wherein military fortune round-grained rice 2,400 strain stem fresh weights and root/shoot ratio significant difference, and 6 liang of excellent 9,368 hundred strain root dry weight LMSH are significantly higher than CK; Root system moisture content be LMSH lower than CK, between processing, without significant difference, two Performance of cultivars are consistent.
Can find out by above comparative analysis, LMSH overground part amount of growth is relatively lower than CK, but Miao Tinggao be LMSH lower than CK, rice shoot is heavy is highly greater than CK than LMSH, shows that LMSH rice shoot overground part quality is better than CK, meets the strong seedling standard that raising rice seedlings is transplanted; Meanwhile, the growth of LMSH underground part is better than CK, has established good material base for alive for turning green after shoot transplanting equipment Honda.
The impact of table 1 seedling raising method on rice shoot overground part quality
The different letter representation p<0.05 significance levels of difference, it is not remarkable that data contain same letter person's difference.
The impact of table 2 seedling raising method on rice shoot underground part quality
The different letter representation p<0.05 significance levels of difference, it is not remarkable that data contain same letter person's difference.
The impact of 3.2 Different Raising Seedling modes on rice yield and output constitutive characteristic
Instantly, rice yield is still the primary target of pursuing of agricultural science worker.In this test, conventional japonica rice military fortune No. 24 output LMSH of round-grained rice and CK be without significant difference, and 6 liang of excellent 9368 output of indica Hybrid Rice are compared with high 15.7% (table 3) of CK, and significant difference, illustrates that LMSH has the potentiality of the acquisition high yield identical with CK.Wherein, No. 24 relatively low main causes of LMSH output of military fortune round-grained rice are that LMSH spike number is significantly less than CK, although number of grain per ear and ripening rate all higher than CK, increase respectively 11.5% and 1.6%, finally cause LMSH output a little less than CK; And 6 liang excellent 9368 obtain high yields mainly owing to LMSH spike number and number of grain per ear higher than CK, increase respectively 6.9% and 15.7%, make ultimate output higher than CK, between processing, thousand kernel weight and ripening rate are without significant difference.
The impact of table .3 seedling raising method on rice yield and output constitutive characteristic
The different letter representation p<0.05 significance levels of difference, it is not remarkable that data contain same letter person's difference.
In sum, in this test LMSH overground part amount of growth relatively lower than CK, but Miao Tinggao be LMSH lower than CK, rice shoot is heavy is highly greater than CK than LMSH, shows that LMSH rice shoot overground part quality is better than CK, meets the strong seedling standard that raising rice seedlings is transplanted; Meanwhile, the growth of LMSH underground part is better than CK, has established good material base for alive for turning green after shoot transplanting equipment Honda.Ultimate output LMSH can reach the level of CK, and wherein 6 liang of excellent 9368 output are significantly higher than CK.Therefore, this test is reached a conclusion: on the earth that water volume seedling method of raising seedling adopts in complete abandoning tradition seedling and the basis of new medium, by the method for water planting, cultivate into the rice shoot volume that reaches 3-6m, greatly reduce manpower and materials input, improved machine transplanting of rice efficiency, and have the potentiality that obtain high yield; For the technical support that provides solid has been established in rice industrial instantly, intensive, scale seedling
Can know; the illustrative embodiments that above-described embodiment only adopts for inventive principle is described; but the present invention is not limited only to this; those skilled in the art are not departing under real situation of the present invention; can make various improvement and change, these improvement and change also belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a method for paddy rice soilless breeding seeding, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) prepare in seedbed: seedbed is arranged in seedling greenhouse, and seedling greenhouse, seedbed are cleaned; With bactericide evenly spray seedling greenhouse, sterilization is carried out in seedbed, ensure in seedling greenhouse without damage by disease and insect;
(2) seedling medium is prepared: the rice husk after de-rough is laid in seedling-cultivation plate, is evenly laid on rice husk with nonwoven, seamless between guarantee nonwoven and rice husk, nonwoven all covers rice husk; Sprayed water in seedbed, rice husk natural sedimentation, nonwoven and rice husk are attached together;
(3) sow seed rice: seed rice uniform broadcasting, on nonwoven, is sprayed to moisture, make water layer thickness reach the 1/3-1/2 of seed rice thickness;
(4) overlay film: after planting, adopt non-textile mulch to grow seedlings;
(5) rice shoot management: running water spraying pouring rice shoot for 1 heart stage of after planting to 2 of seed rice leaf, since 21 heart stages of leaf with nutrient solution by water pump circulation pouring rice shoot; After planting take root vertical seedling to rice shoot and start to take off the in good time hardening of film; Before shoot transplanting equipment, according to seedling growth situation, rice shoot is used to send and transfer fertilizer;
(6) play seedling fortune seedling: in the time of 31 heart stages of leaf of rice shoot, plant height 12-15cm, volume seedling makes rectangular rice shoot piece become rice shoot volume, transports afterwards seedling rice transplanting.
2. the method for paddy rice soilless breeding seeding claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: as seed selection liquid, seed rice is selected sowing before seed rice using salt solution, the proportion japonica rice of seed selection liquid is equal to or greater than 1.10, long-grained nonglutinous rice is equal to or greater than 1.06, after seed selection, fully eluriate or rinse in time paddy, salinity is removed clean.
3. the method for paddy rice soilless breeding seeding claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: seed rice soaked seed sowing before seed rice, and japonica rice 80 day degrees of soaking seed, long-grained nonglutinous rice 60 day degrees, to ensure that seed rice suctions moisture, its standard is that husk is transparent, grain of rice white belly is visible, and the grain of rice easily fractures and without sound.
4. the method for paddy rice soilless breeding seeding claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: seed rice is carried out to vernalization 30 day degrees sowing before seed rice, ensure that germination vigor reaches more than 85%, rice sprout, root growth neat and consistent, young shoot is sturdy, and color is fresh white, smell delicate fragrance, without vinosity.
5. the method for paddy rice soilless breeding seeding claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: in seedling medium, rice husk thickness is 1cm.
6. the method for paddy rice soilless breeding seeding claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: in breeding medium, nonwoven is adopted as 20g/m
2spin glutinous nonwoven; In overlay film process, the nonwoven of employing is that white is spun glutinous nonwoven or white melt spraying non-woven fabrics, and density is 40g/m
2.
7. the method for paddy rice soilless breeding seeding claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: in rice shoot management, keep temperature of shed 28-35 DEG C, relative moisture more than 90%, guarantee the vertical pin of seed rice one Hong and neat.
8. the method for the paddy rice soilless breeding seeding described in claim 1-7 any one, it is characterized in that: before shoot transplanting equipment, rice shoot is used to send and transfer fertile standard and be: leaf look takes off light de-power seedling, mu dissolves in 500 kilograms of mill water culture nutrient solutions in evenly spraying or sprinkle and water at dusk with 4～4.5 kilograms, urea, after executing and spill a clear water in case fertilizer damage burning seedling; Leaf look normal, leaf is tall and straight and do not drape over one's shoulders down seedling, and mu dissolves in 100～150 kilograms of mill water culture nutrient solutions with 1～1.5 kilogram, urea and carries out root outer spraying; Under leaf look dark green and blade, drape over one's shoulders seedling, be sure not fertilising, should control water to improve seedling matter.
9. paddy rice soilless breeding seeding method claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that: in step (1) the seedbed preparatory stage, prior to seeding using fenaminosulf be watered as bactericide evenly spray seedling greenhouse, sterilization is carried out in seedbed; Be watered wiring solution-forming as agriculture chemicals fungicide with disliking mould spirit, utilize the raising rice seedlings circulatory system to circulate; Wherein, the consumption of fenaminosulf is that 1.5 grams of 70% fenaminosulf are watered 1.5 kilograms; The consumption of disliking mould spirit is that the aqua 20g of active ingredient 15% is watered 20-30kg.
10. the paddy rice soilless breeding seeding method application without native machine transplanting of rice field in paddy rice described in claim 1-9 any one.
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