CN107073118A - 非岩藻糖基化抗cd40抗体的剂量和给药 - Google Patents
非岩藻糖基化抗cd40抗体的剂量和给药 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及使用非岩藻糖基化抗CD40抗体治疗癌症和慢性感染性疾病的方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2014年10月29日提交的美国临时申请号62/072,031和2015年3月18日提交的美国临时申请号62/134,955的权益;为了所有目的,这两者都通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及使用非岩藻糖基化抗CD40抗体治疗癌症和慢性感染性疾病的方法。
发明背景
CD40是肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)受体超家族的成员。它是具有表面50kDa分子量的单链I型跨膜蛋白。CD40由一些癌细胞例如淋巴瘤细胞和几种类型的实体瘤细胞表达。CD40还通过促进抗原呈递细胞和T细胞之间的接触依赖性相互作用来激活免疫系统。尽管已经在临床试验中测试了许多抗CD40抗体,但至今没有一个表现出足够的活性。本发明解决了这个和其他问题。
发明内容
本公开提供治疗癌症的方法,通过向需要这种治疗的患者给予抗CD40抗体。抗CD40抗体包含SEQ ID NO:1的重链可变区和SEQ ID NO:2的轻链可变区,以及人恒定区。恒定区在根据Kabat所述的EU指数的残基N297处具有N-糖苷连接的糖链,并且小于5%的N-糖苷连接的糖链包括岩藻糖残基,即通过与N-乙酰葡糖胺(“GlcNAc”)的α1,6键结合至糖链的还原末端的岩藻糖。抗CD40抗体的给予的剂量水平为0.1-300μg/kg(μg抗体/千克患者体重)。在一个实施方式中,抗CD40抗体剂量水平为0.6-150μg/kg。在另一个实施方式中,抗CD40抗体剂量水平为1.0-100μg/kg。在另一个实施方式中,抗CD40抗体剂量水平为5-25μg/kg。在另一个实施方式中,抗CD40抗体剂量水平为8-12μg/kg。在另一个实施方式中,抗CD40抗体剂量水平为约10μg/kg。在另一个实施方式中,抗CD40抗体剂量水平为10μg/kg。
在另一方面,本公开提供治疗癌症的方法,通过向需要这种治疗的患者给予抗CD40抗体。抗CD40抗体包含SEQ ID NO:1的重链可变区和SEQ ID NO:2的轻链可变区,以及人恒定区。恒定区在根据Kabat所述的EU指数的残基N297处具有N-糖苷连接的糖链,并且小于5%的N-糖苷连接的糖链包括岩藻糖残基,即通过与N-乙酰葡糖胺(“GlcNAc”)的α1,6键结合至糖链的还原末端的岩藻糖。抗CD40抗体的给予的剂量水平为0.1-2000μg/kg(μg抗体/千克患者体重)。在一个实施方式中,该剂量水平为10-1000μg/kg。在另一个实施方式中,该剂量水平为50-800μg/kg。在另一个实施方式中,该剂量水平为75-600μg/kg。在另一个实施方式中,该剂量水平为100-500μg/kg。在其他实施方式中,剂量水平是选自下述的范围:100-300μg/kg,300-500μg/kg,500-700μg/kg,700-900μg/kg,和900-1100μg/kg。在其他实施方式中,剂量水平是选自下述的范围:100-150μg/kg,150-200μg/kg,200-250μg/kg,250-300μg/kg,300-350μg/kg,350-400μg/kg,400-450μg/kg,450-500μg/kg,500-550μg/kg,550-600μg/kg,600-650μg/kg,650-700μg/kg,700-750μg/kg,750-800μg/kg,800-850μg/kg,850-900μg/kg,900-950μg/kg,950-1000μg/kg,1000-1050μg/kg,和1050-1100μg/kg。在其他实施方式中,剂量水平选自:约60μg/kg、约100μg/kg、约150μg/kg、约200μg/kg,aabout 250μg/kg、约300μg/kg、约350μg/kg、约400μg/kg、约450μg/kg、约500μg/kg、约550μg/kg、约600μg/kg、约650μg/kg、约700μg/kg、约750μg/kg、约800μg/kg、约850μg/kg、约900μg/kg、约950μg/kg、约1000-1050μg/kg、约1050μg/kg和1110μg/kg。
在一个实施方式中,抗CD40抗体每三周给予。在另一个实施方式中,抗CD40抗体每六周给予。在另一个实施方式中,抗CD40抗体每十周给予。在另一个实施方式中,抗CD40抗体每12周给予。在另一个实施方式中,抗CD40抗体每15周给予。在另一个实施方式中,抗CD40抗体每18周给予。
在另一实施方式中,所述患者患有CD40阳性癌症。在另一实施方式中,所述患者患有CD40阴性癌症。在其他实施方式中,患者具有的癌症为实体瘤。在另一实施方式中,患者具有的癌症为血液癌症。在另一个实施方式中,癌症是黑素瘤,乳腺癌,包括转移性乳腺癌,肺癌,包括非小细胞肺癌或胰腺癌。
在另一方面,本公开提供了通过向患者给予阻断免疫检查点的抗体和抗CD40抗体的组合来治疗癌症的方法。阻断免疫检查点的抗体的一个示例是抗细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4(CTLA4)抗体。抗CTLA4抗体的示例包括例如自伊匹单抗(ipilimumab)或特姆单抗(tremelimumab)。阻断免疫检查点的抗体的另一个示例是抗程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(PD1)抗体。抗PD1抗体的实例包括,例如,尼莫单抗(nivolumab)、多替珠单抗(pidilizumab)或彭美罗珠单抗(pembrolizumab)。阻断免疫检查点的抗体的另一个示例是抗程序性死亡配体(PD-L1)抗体。抗PD-L1抗体的示例包括例如MEDI4736和MPDL3280A。
在另一个实施方式中,患者具有CD40阳性癌症,并且用抗-CD40抗体和阻断免疫检查点的抗体(例如抗CTLA4抗体,抗PD1抗体或抗PD-L1抗体)的组合进行治疗。在另一个实施方式中,患者具有CD40阴性癌症,并且用抗-CD40抗体和阻断免疫检查点的抗体(例如抗CTLA4抗体,抗PD1抗体或抗PD-L1抗体)的组合进行治疗。在另一个实施方式中,患者具有的癌症是实体瘤,并且用抗-CD40抗体和阻断免疫检查点的抗体(例如抗CTLA4抗体,抗PD1抗体或抗PD-L1抗体)的组合进行治疗。在另一个实施方式中,患者具有的癌症是血清癌症,并且用抗-CD40抗体和阻断免疫检查点的抗体(例如抗CTLA4抗体,抗PD1抗体或抗PD-L1抗体)的组合进行治疗。在另一个实施方式中,癌症是黑素瘤,乳腺癌,包括转移性乳腺癌,肺癌,包括非小细胞肺癌或胰腺癌,并且用抗-CD40抗体和阻断免疫检查点的抗体(例如抗CTLA4抗体,抗PD1抗体或抗PD-L1抗体)的组合进行治疗。
定义
“多肽”或“多肽链”是氨基酸残基通过肽键连接而成的聚合物,可为天然或合成产生。少于约10个氨基酸残基的多肽通常称作“肽”。
“蛋白质”是包含一条或多条多肽链的大分子。蛋白质还可包含非肽组分,如碳水化合物基团。碳水化合物和其它非肽取代基可由产生蛋白的细胞加入到蛋白中,其会随细胞类型而变化。本文在其氨基酸主链结构方面限定蛋白;取代基(例如碳水化合物基团)通常未指定,但是可以存在。
本文使用的术语“氨基末端”和“羧基末端”指多肽中的位置。上下文允许时,这些术语根据多肽特定序列或部分使用以表示附近或相对位置。例如,多肽中相对参照序列位于羧基末端的某些序列位于参照序列的羧基末端附近,但并不必需在完整多肽的羧基末端。
本文所用术语“抗体”指因抗原存在产生响应而由身体生产且结合该抗原的免疫球蛋白,以及其抗原结合片段和经工程改造的变体。因此,术语“抗体”包括例如包含全长免疫球蛋白重链和轻链的完整单克隆抗体(如使用杂交瘤技术产生的抗体)和结合抗原的抗体片段(如F(ab′)2和Fab片段)。还包括遗传工程改造的完整抗体和片段,如嵌合抗体、人源化抗体、单链Fv片段、单链抗体、双抗体、小抗体、线性抗体、多价或多特异性(如双特异性)杂交抗体等。因此,术语“抗体”广义地用于包括含有抗体的抗原结合位点且能够特异性结合其抗原的任何蛋白。
“抗体的抗原结合位点”是足以结合其抗原的抗体的一部分。最小的这类区域通常是可变结构域或其遗传改造的变体。单结构域结合位点可来自驼科动物抗体(参见Muyldermans和Lauwereys,J.Mol.Recog.12:131-140,1999;Nguyen等,EMBO J.19:921-930,2000)或来自其他物种的VH结构域以生成单结构域抗体(“dAb”;参见Ward等,Nature341:544-546,1989;Winter等的美国专利号6,248,516)。在某些变化形式中,抗原结合位点是具有天然或非天然(如诱变)产生的重链可变结构域或轻链可变结构域或其组合的仅2个互补决定区(CDR)的多肽区域(参见例如Pessi等,Nature 362:367-369,1993;Qiu等,Nature Biotechnol.25:921-929,2007)。更常见的,抗体的抗原结合位点包含与共同表位结合的重链可变(VH)结构域和轻链可变(VL)结构域。在本发明的上下文内,抗体除抗原结合位点外还可包含一种或多种组分,例如抗体的第二抗原结合位点(其可结合相同或不同的表位或者相同或不同的抗原)、肽接头、免疫球蛋白恒定区、免疫球蛋白铰链、两亲螺旋(参见Pack和Pluckthun,Biochem.31:1579-1584,1992)、非肽接头、寡核苷酸(参见Chaudri等,FEBS Letters 450:23-26,1999)、细胞生长抑制性药物或细胞毒性药物等,且可以是单亚基或多亚基蛋白。包含抗体的抗原结合位点的分子的示例是本领域已知的且包括例如Fv、单链Fv(scFv)、Fab、Fab′、F(ab′)2、F(ab)c、双抗体、dAb、小抗体、纳米抗体、Fab-scFv融合体、双特异性(scFv)4-IgG和双特异性(scFv)2-Fab(参见例如Hu等,Cancer Res.56:3055-3061,1996;Atwell等,Molecular Immunology 33:1301-1312,1996;Carter和Merchant,Curr.Opin.Biotechnol.8:449-454,1997;Zuo等,Protein Engineering 13:361-367,2000;以及Lu等,J.Immunol.Methods 267:213-226,2002)。
本文所用术语“免疫球蛋白”指由一种或多种多肽组成的蛋白,所述一种或多种多肽基本由免疫球蛋白基因编码。免疫球蛋白的一种形式构成了脊椎动物中天然(即自然)抗体的基本结构单元。该形式是四聚体且由两个相同的免疫球蛋白链的对组成,各对具有一条轻链和一条重链。在各对中,轻链和重链可变区(VL和VH)共同主要负责结合抗原,且恒定区主要负责抗体效应功能。在较高等的脊椎动物中已鉴定到了五种类别的免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM、IgD和IgE)。IgG是主要类别;其通常以血浆中发现的第二丰富蛋白的形式存在。人中,IgG由四个称为IgG1、IgG2、IgG3和IgG4的亚类组成。IgG类的重链恒定区被确定为希腊字母γ。例如,IgG1亚类的免疫球蛋白含有γ1重链恒定区。各免疫球蛋白重链都具有由恒定区蛋白结构域(CH1、铰链、CH2和CH3;IgG3还含有CH4结构域)组成的恒定区,所述恒定区蛋白结构域对于某物种中给定的亚类而言基本不变。编码人和非人免疫球蛋白链的DNA序列为本领域熟知。(参见例如Ellison等,DNA 1:11-18,1981;Ellison等,NucleicAcids Res.10:4071-4079,1982;Kenten等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 79:6661-6665,1982;Seno等,Nuc.Acids Res.11:719-726,1983;Riechmann等,Nature 332:323-327,1988;Amster等,Nuc.Acids Res.8:2055-2065,1980;Rusconi和Kohler,Nature 314:330-334,1985;Boss等,Nuc.Acids Res.12:3791-3806,1984;Bothwell等,Nature 298:380-382,1982;van der Loo等,Immunogenetics 42:333-341,1995;Karlin等,J.Mol.Evol.22:195-208,1985;Kindsvogel等,DNA 1:335-343,1982;Breiner等,Gene 18:165-174,1982;Kondo等,Eur.J.Immunol.23:245-249,1993;以及GenBank登录号J00228)。对于免疫球蛋白结构和功能的综述,参见Putnam,The Plasma Proteins(《血浆蛋白质》),卷V,学术出版社公司(Academic Press,Inc.),49-140,1987;以及Padlan,Mol.Immunol.31:169-217,1994。术语“免疫球蛋白”在本文中以其常用含义使用,指完整的抗体、其组成链或链的片段(取决于上下文)。
全长免疫球蛋白“轻链”(约25kDa或214个氨基酸)在氨基末端处由可变区基因编码(编码约110个氨基酸)且在羧基末端处由κ或λ恒定区基因编码。全长免疫球蛋白“重链”(约50Kd或446个氨基酸)由可变区基因(编码约116个氨基酸)和γ、μ、α、δ或ε恒定区基因(编码约330个氨基酸)编码,后者分别将抗体的同种型限定为IgG、IgM、IgA、IgD或IgE。在轻链和重链内,可变区和恒定区通过约12个或更多个氨基酸的“J”区连接,重链也包括约10个或更多个氨基酸的“D”区。(一般参见,Fundamental Immunology(《基础免疫学》)(Paul编,纽约拉文出版社,第2版,1989)第7章)。
免疫球蛋白轻链或重链可变区(在本文中也分别称为“轻链可变结构域”(“VL结构域”)或“重链可变结构域”(“VH结构域”))由被三个高变区(也称为“互补决定区”或“CDR”)间断的“框架”区组成。框架区的功能是将用于特异性结合的CDR与抗原的表位对齐。因此,术语“高变区”或“CDR”指主要负责抗原结合的抗体的氨基酸残基。从氨基末端至羧基末端,VL和VH结构域都包含以下框架区(FR)和CDR区:FR1、CDR1、FR2、CDR2、FR3、CDR3、FR4。各结构域氨基酸的分配与Kabat,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest(《免疫学感兴趣蛋白的序列》)(马里兰州贝塞斯达的国立卫生研究院(National Institutes ofHealth)(1987和1991))或Chothia和Lesk,J.Mol.Biol.196:901-917(1987);Chothia等,Nature 342:878-883(1989)的定义一致。Kabat还提供了广泛使用的编号惯例(Kabat编号),其中为不同重链之间或不同轻链之间相应的残基分配了相同的编号。VL结构域的CDR1、2和3在本文中还分别称作CDR-L1、CDR-L2和CDR-L3;VH结构域的CDR1、2和3在本文中还分别称作CDR-H1、CDR-H2和CDR-H3。
除非上下文另有说明,否则本文所用术语“单克隆抗体”不限于通过杂交瘤技术产生的抗体。术语“单克隆抗体”指衍生自单个克隆,包括真核、原核或噬菌体克隆的抗体,而非其产生方法。
术语“嵌合抗体”是指具有衍生自第一物种的可变结构域和衍生自第二物种的恒定区的抗体。例如,可通过遗传工程由属于不同物种的免疫球蛋白基因片段构建嵌合免疫球蛋白或抗体。下文定义的术语“人源化抗体”并不旨在包括嵌合抗体。如本文所述,虽然人源化抗体在其构建中是嵌合的(即,包含来自超过一种蛋白质的区域),但是它们包括其他未在嵌合免疫球蛋白或抗体中发现的特征(即,包括供体CDR残基和受体框架残基的可变区)。
术语“人源化VH结构域”或“人源化VL结构域”指包含完全或基本来自非人供体免疫球蛋白(如小鼠或大鼠)的一些或全部CDR和完全或基本来自人免疫球蛋白序列的可变区框架序列的免疫球蛋白VH或VL结构域。提供CDR的非人免疫球蛋白称作“供体”且提供框架区的人免疫球蛋白称作“受体”。在一些情况下,人源化抗体会保留人可变结构域框架区内的一些非人残基以增强适当的结合特性(例如,当抗体是人源化的时候,需要框架区中的突变以保留结合亲和力)。
“人源化抗体”是包含人源化VH结构域和人源化VL结构域之一或全部两个的抗体。无需存在免疫球蛋白恒定区,但如果存在,其完全或基本来自于人免疫球蛋白恒定区。
抗体与其靶标抗原的特异性结合指亲和力为至少106、107、108、109或1010M-1。特异性结合在幅度上可检测地高于与至少一个不相关靶标之间的非特异性结合并可与之区分。特异性结合可以是特定空间拟合(如锁和钥匙类型)或特定官能团之间键形成的结果,而非特异性结合通常是范德华力的结果。然而,特异性结合并不必然表示单克隆抗体结合一个且仅结合一个靶标。
关于本文所述的蛋白,与SEQ ID NO所指定氨基酸残基对应的氨基酸残基包括这类残基的翻译后修饰。
本文使用的术语“稀释剂”是指适用于改变或达到本文所述的示例性或合适浓度的溶液。
术语“容器”是指其中可放置或包含物体或液体例如用于储存的东西(例如,盛放器、容器、器皿等)。
术语“给药途径”包括用于递送治疗性蛋白质的本领域公认的给药途径,例如,胃肠外、静脉内、肌内或皮下。对于用于治疗癌症的抗体的给药,可能需要通过静脉内或皮下给药来向全身循环中给药。对于由实体瘤表征的癌症的治疗,如果需要,还可直接对肿瘤进行局部给药。
术语“治疗”是指向患病的患者给予治疗剂,目的在于治愈、愈合、缓解、延缓、释放、改变、补救、减轻、改善或影响疾病。
术语“患者”包括接受预防性或治疗性治疗的人和其他哺乳动物对象。
术语“有效量”或“有效剂量”是指足以实现或至少部分实现所需效果的量,即足以抑制疾病或病症的一种或多种症状的出现或使其缓解的量。以“有效方案”给予有效量的药物组合物。术语“有效方案”指适于实现对疾病或病症的预防性或治疗性治疗的剂量频率和给予的组合物量的组合。
本文所用术语“约”表示具体值加减10%的大致范围。例如,表述“约20μg/Kg”涵盖18-22μg/Kg的范围。本文所用的约也包括准确量。因此,“约20μg/Kg”表示“约20μg/Kg”以及“20μg/Kg”。
附图的简要说明
图1提供了SEA-CD40(实线)和达西珠单抗(虚线)对存在于PBMC表面上的人CD40蛋白的结合。
图2A和2B提供了SEA-CD40(空心和实心方块)和达西珠单抗(空心和实心圆圈)对人Fc γ IIIa受体变体的结合亲和力。图2A提供了图形表示,图2B提供了KD值。SEA-CD40值显示在左列;达西珠单抗值列于右栏。
图3提供了SEA-CD40处理的结果,来自人外周血单核细胞(PBMC)的B细胞消耗的剂量关系和时程。
图4A和4B显示了用SEA-CD40或同种型对照(SEA-h00)处理24小时后人全血的代表性细胞因子的产生。抗体以μg/ml为单位给予。图4A显示肿瘤坏死因子-α的产生,图4B显示了MIP-1β的产生。
图5A和5B显示了用SEA-CD40或同种型对照(SEA-h00)处理24小时后人PBMC的代表性细胞因子的产生。抗体以μg/ml为单位给予。图5A显示肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的产生,图5B显示了MIP-1β的产生。
图6提供了SEA-CD40(实心方块)、达西珠单抗(灰色圆圈)或SEA-CD40 F(ab’)2(灰色方块)处理的结果:来自人PBMC的B细胞消耗的时程。
图7提供了SEA-CD40(实心方块)、达西珠单抗(灰色圆圈)或SEA-CD40 F(ab’)2(灰色方块)处理的结果:PBMC的干扰素γ(IFNγ)的产生。
图8显示SEA-CD40(实心方块)、达西珠单抗(灰色圆圈)或SEA-CD40 F(ab’)2(灰色方块)处理的结果:PBMC对抗原呈递细胞成熟标志物HLA-DR/DQ/DP的诱导。
图9提供了用不同浓度的SEA-CD40处理的PBMC中免疫激活标志物的浓度与标准化响应曲线。
图10A和10B比较了通过用SEA-CD40或达西珠单抗孵育PBMC产生的M1流感肽的免疫响应。图10A显示抗原特异性T细胞的水平百分比;图10B显示IFN-γ生产的水平。
图11显示了用SEA-CD40和抗CTLA-4抗体或抗PD-1抗体的组合孵育的PBMC对M1流感肽的免疫响应的增强。IFNγ水平如图11所示。
图12显示了用SEA-CD40和抗CTLA-4抗体或抗PD-1抗体的组合孵育的PBMC对M1流感肽的免疫响应的增强。抗原特异性T细胞的水平如图12所示。
图13提供了来自具有癌症的供体的PBMC对常见肿瘤抗原肽(MAGEA1/MAGE3/NY-ESO)的免疫响应(IFN γ产生)。在存在或不存在增加浓度的SEA-CD40或SGN-40的情况下将PBMC孵育5天。
图14提供了来自具有癌症的供体的PBMC对常见肿瘤抗原肽(MAGEA1/MAGE3/NY-ESO)的免疫响应(IFN γ产生)。在存在或不存在增加浓度的SEA-CD40和/或恒定浓度的抗CTLA4或抗PD1阻断抗体的情况下孵育PBMC。
图15A和15B显示岩藻糖基化和非岩藻糖基化抗小鼠CD40抗体与鼠Fcγ受体的结合。Fcγ受体是FcγRI(图15A)或FcγRIV(图15B)。
图16显示小鼠B16黑素瘤模型中岩藻糖基化和非岩藻糖基化抗CD40抗体替代物的体内活性。
图17显示SEA-CD40、抗体21.4.1和CD40六聚体配体的B细胞活化活性。使用纯化的B细胞培养物进行实验。
图18显示SEA-CD40、抗体21.4.1和CD40六聚体配体的B细胞活化活性。使用PBMC培养物进行实验。
图19显示SEA-CD40,抗体21.4.1,达西珠单抗和SEA同种型对照的单核细胞/巨噬细胞活化活性。
图20显示SEA-CD40,抗体21.4.1,达西珠单抗或SEA同种型对照对干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平的诱导。
图21显示SEA-CD40,抗体21.4.1,达西珠单抗或SEA同种型对照对白介素10(IL10)水平的诱导。
图22显示SEA-CD40,抗体21.4.1或达西珠单抗对干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平的诱导。在流感肽存在下进行孵育。
图23显示了SEA-CD40,抗体21.4.1或达西珠单抗对流感抗原特异性T细胞响应的诱导。
图24显示了PBMC与流感肽和SEA-CD40,抗体21.4.1或达西珠单抗孵育后IL10水平的变化。
发明详述
本公开提供非岩藻糖基化抗CD40抗体SEA-CD40的活性的描述。SEA-CD40是一种激动性抗体,并具有与Fcγ受体III的增强结合,令人惊奇地表现出CD40信号通路的增强活化。由于其CD40途径的增强活化,SEA-CD40是免疫系统的有效激活剂,可用于治疗癌症或治疗感染性疾病,特别是慢性病毒性疾病,如丙型肝炎,人类免疫缺陷病毒,EB病毒,巨细胞病毒,约翰坎宁安病毒和人乳头状瘤病毒。其他感染性疾病包括例如结核病。与岩藻糖基化的亲本抗体相比,免疫系统的增强活化允许SEA-CD40以低水平给药。
CD40的描述和功能。
CD40是肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)受体超家族的成员。它是具有表面50kDa分子量的单链I型跨膜蛋白。其成熟多肽核心由237个氨基酸组成,其中173个氨基酸包含组织成4个富含半胱氨酸的重复序列的细胞外结构域(ECD),这是TNF受体家族成员的特征。两个潜在的N-连接的糖基化位点存在于ECD的膜近端区域,而潜在的O-连接的糖基化位点不存在。22个氨基酸的跨膜结构域将ECD与CD40的42个氨基酸的胞质尾部连接。参与CD40介导的信号转导的序列基序已经在CD40细胞质尾部中被鉴定。这些基序与称为TNF-R相关因子(TRAF)的细胞质因子相互作用以触发多个下游事件,包括MAP激酶和NF κ B的激活,其继而调节各种炎症、存活和生长相关基因的转录活性。参见例如van Kooten和Banchereau,J.Leukoc.Biol.67:2-17(2000);Elgueta等,Immunol.Rev.229:152-172(2009)。
在造血系统中,可以在分化的多个阶段的B细胞、单核细胞、巨噬细胞、血小板、滤泡树突状细胞、树突状细胞(DC)、嗜酸性粒细胞和活化的T细胞上发现CD40。在正常的非造血组织中,已经在肾上皮细胞、角质形成细胞、滑膜成纤维细胞和皮肤源以及激活的内皮上检测到CD40。CD40的可溶性形式从CD40表达细胞释放,可能通过初级转录物的差异剪接或金属蛋白酶TNF α转化酶的有限蛋白水解来释放。Shed CD40可以通过干扰CD40/CD40L相互作用来潜在地修饰免疫响应。参见例如van Kooten和Banchereau,J.Leukoc.Biol.67:2-17(2000);Elgueta等,Immunol.Rev.229:152-172(2009)。
CD40(CD40L)的内源性配体是39kDa的II型膜糖蛋白,也称为CD154。CD40L是TNF超家族的成员,在细胞表面表达为三聚体。CD40L在活化的CD4+、CD8+和γδ T细胞上瞬时表达。CD40L也在纯化的单核细胞、活化的B细胞、上皮和血管内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和DC上以可变水平检测到,但是这些细胞类型上CD40L表达的功能相关性尚未明确定义(van Kooten2000;Elgueta 2009)。然而,CD40L在活化的血小板上的表达已经涉及血栓性疾病的发病机制。参见例如Ferroni等,Curr.Med.Chem.14:2170-2180(2007)。
CD40/CD40L相互作用的最佳表征功能是其在抗原呈递细胞和T细胞之间的接触依赖性相互作用中的作用。参见例如van Kooten和Banchereau,J.Leukoc.Biol.67:2-17(2000);Elgueta等,Immunol.Rev.229:152-172(2009)。激活的T细胞上的CD40L与抗原激活的B细胞上的CD40的结合不仅可以促进B细胞的快速扩增,而且还为B细胞分化为记忆B细胞或浆细胞提供必要的信号。CD40信号传导负责形成生发中心,其中B细胞经历亲和力成熟和同种型转换以获得产生IgG,IgA和IgE同种型的高亲和力抗体的能力。参见例如Kehry,J.Immunol.156:2345-2348(1996)。因此,具有阻止功能性CD40/CD40L相互作用的CD40L基因座突变的个体患有原发性免疫缺陷型X连锁超IgM综合征,其特征在于过度表达循环IgM和不能产生IgG,IgA和IgE。这些患者表现出抑制的继发性体液免疫响应,增加的对复发性致热感染的易感性,以及更高频率的癌和淋巴瘤。在小鼠中进行基因敲除实验以使CD40或CD40L基因座失活重现了X连锁超IgM患者中观察到的主要缺陷。这些KO小鼠也显示受损的抗原特异性T细胞启动,表明CD40L/CD40相互作用也是开展细胞介导的免疫响应的关键因素。参见例如Elgueta等,Immunol.Rev.229:152-172(2009)。
抗CD40或CD40L的CD40连接的体内免疫刺激作用与针对同基因肿瘤的免疫反应有关。参见例如French等Nat.Med.5:548-553(1999)。针对肿瘤细胞的免疫响应的缺陷可能来自下述因素的组合:源于诸如PD-1或CTLA-4的免疫检查点分子的表达,MHC抗原表达降低,肿瘤相关抗原差表达,适当粘附或共刺激分子,以及由肿瘤细胞产生免疫抑制蛋白如TGFβ。抗原呈递和转化细胞上的CD40连接导致粘附蛋白(例如CD54)、共刺激分子(例如CD86)和MHC抗原以及炎性细胞因子分泌的上调,从而潜在地诱导和/或增强抗肿瘤免疫响应,以及肿瘤细胞的免疫原性。参见例如Gaiewski等Nat.Immunol.14:1014-1022(2013)。
CD40交联的主要后果是DC激活(通常称为许可),并且增强骨髓和B细胞处理和向T细胞呈递肿瘤相关抗原的能力。除了具有激活先天免疫响应的直接能力之外,CD40信号传导的独特后果是在称为“交叉引发”的过程中将肿瘤衍生的抗原APC呈递至CD8+细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)前体。成熟DC对CD40依赖性激活和CTL前体分化为肿瘤特异性效应子CTL可能增强细胞介导的针对肿瘤细胞的免疫响应。参见例如Kurts等Nat.Rev.Immunol.10:403-414(2010)。
包括达西珠单抗、SEA-CD40亲本分子在内的激动性CD40mAb已经显示出在单一药物和联合化疗方案中令人鼓舞的临床活性。达西珠单抗在NHL的1期研究和弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)中的2期研究中表现出一些临床活性。参见例如Advani等J.Clin.Oncol.27:4371-4377(2009)和De Vos等J.Hematol.Oncol.7:1-9(2014)。此外,CD40的人源化IgG2激动剂抗体CP-870,893,当与紫杉醇或卡铂或吉西他滨组合时,其在实体肿瘤适应症中表现出令人鼓舞的活性。在这些研究中,观察到抗原呈递细胞的激活,细胞因子产生和抗原特异性T细胞的产生。参见例如Beatty等Clin.Cancer Res.19:6286-6295(2013)和Vonderheide等Oncoimmunology 2:e23033(2013)。
抗-CD40抗体
由于其在免疫功能中的作用,已经针对CD40抗原产生了抗体。这样的抗体可以分为三组:抑制CD40活性的拮抗性抗体;部分诱导CD40活性的部分激动性抗体;和完全刺激CD40活性的完全激动性抗体。每个组的成员已经在临床试验中进行了测试;迄今为止没有一个被批准。
SEA-CD40
本公开提供非岩藻糖基化的hS2C6抗体SEA-CD40。S2C6最初被分离为针对本文称为mS2C6的人膀胱癌产生的鼠单克隆抗体。参见例如Paulie等CancerImmunol.Immunother.17:165-179(1984)。S2C6抗体是CD40信号通路的部分激动剂,因此具有以下活性:与人CD40蛋白结合,与食蟹猴CD40蛋白结合,激活CD40信号通路,增强CD40与其配体CD40L的相互作用。参见例如,美国专利号6,946,129。
作为开发的下一步骤,将S2C6人源化,本文中将该人源化抗体称为人源化的S2C6,作为达西珠单抗或岩藻糖基化的人源化S2C6(fhS2C6)或SGN-40。参见例如WO 2006/128103。SGN-40在人类临床试验中进行了测试,发现其活性不足以保证进一步发展。
SEA-CD40是非岩藻糖化的人源化S2C6抗体。SEA-CD40的重链和轻链的氨基酸序列分别公开为SEQ ID NO:1和2。重链的可变区来自SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸1-113;轻链的可变区来自SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸1-113。在WO 2006/128103中公开了SEA-CD40的抗体骨架的产生,其通过引用并入本文。
本公开提供非岩藻糖化的人源化S2C6抗体,本文称为nfhS2C6或SEA-CD40。与亲本抗体达西珠单抗相比,除了增强与Fc受体的结合之外,SEA-CD40还增强CD40途径的活性。因此,将SEA-CD40抗体以较低剂量给予于患者,并使用不同的给予计划。
非岩藻糖基化抗体
SEA-CD40是一种非岩藻糖基化抗体,显示出增强的FcγIII受体结合,并且出人意料地提高了免疫细胞中激活CD40信号通路的能力。
制造非岩藻糖基化抗体的方法
本公开提供了制备具有核心岩藻糖基化降低的人源化S2C6抗体的组合物和方法。如本文所用,“核心岩藻糖基化”是指在N-连接的聚糖的还原末端向N-乙酰葡糖胺(“GlcNAc”)添加岩藻糖(“岩藻糖基化”)。
与SEA-CD40抗体骨架的Fc区(或结构域)结合的复合N-糖苷连接的糖链的岩藻糖基化被还原。如本文所用,“复合N-糖苷连接的糖链”通常与天冬酰胺297结合(根据Kabat所示的EU索引,《热门免疫学序列》,第5版,出版号91-3242,美国卫生与人类服务部,NIH,马里兰州贝塞斯达,1991)。如本文所用,复合N-糖苷连接的糖链具有双天线复合糖链,主要具有以下结构:
其中±表示糖分子可以存在或不存在,数字表示糖分子之间的连接位置。在上述结构中,与天冬酰胺结合的糖链末端称为还原末端(右侧),对侧称为非还原末端。岩藻糖通常与还原末端的N-乙酰葡糖胺(“GlcNAc”)结合,通常通过α1,6键(GlcNAc的6位与岩藻糖的1位相连)。“Gal”是指半乳糖,“Man”是指甘露糖。
“复合N-糖苷连接的糖链”包括1)复合型,其中核心结构的非还原末端侧具有一个或多个半乳糖-N-乙酰葡糖胺的分支(也称为“gal-GlcNAc”),并且Gal-GlcNAc的非还原末端侧任选具有唾液酸,二等分N-乙酰葡糖胺等;或2)杂交型,其中核心结构的非还原末端侧具有高甘露糖N-糖苷连接的糖链和复合N-糖苷连接的糖链的两个分支。
在一些实施方式中,“复合N-糖苷连接的糖链”包括这样的复合体,其中核心结构的非还原末端侧具有半乳糖-N-乙酰葡糖胺(也称为“gal-GlcNAc“)的零、一个或多个分支,并且Gal-GlcNAc的非还原末端侧任选进一步具有唾液酸,二等分N-乙酰葡糖胺等结构。
根据本发明的方法,通常只有少量的岩藻糖纳入到SEA-CD40分子的复合N-糖苷连接的糖链中。例如,在各种实施方式中,小于约60%,小于约50%,小于约40%,小于约30%,小于约20%,小于约15%,小于约10%,小于约5%或小于约3%的抗体具有岩藻糖的核心岩藻糖基化。在一些实施方式中,约2%的抗体具有岩藻糖的核心岩藻糖基化。
在某些实施方式中,仅将少量岩藻糖类似物(或岩藻糖类似物的代谢物或产物)纳入复合N-糖苷连接的糖链中。例如,在各种实施方式中,小于约40%,小于约30%,小于约20%,小于约15%,小于约10%,小于约5%,或小于约3%SEA-CD40抗体具有由岩藻糖类似物或岩藻糖类似物的代谢物或产物的核心岩藻糖基化。在一些实施方式中,约2%的SEA-CD40抗体具有由岩藻糖类似物或岩藻糖类似物的代谢物或产物的核心岩藻糖基化。
例如在WO/2009/135181中描述了通过用岩藻糖类似物孵育抗体产生细胞来制备非岩藻糖基化抗体的方法。简言之,已经工程改造以表达人源化的S2C6抗体的细胞在岩藻糖类似物或岩藻糖类似物的细胞内代谢物或产物的存在下孵育。如本文所用,细胞内代谢物可以是例如GDP改性的类似物或完全或部分去酯化的类似物。产物可以是例如完全或部分去酯化的类似物。在一些实施方式中,岩藻糖类似物可以抑制岩藻糖补救途径中的酶。例如,岩藻糖类似物(或岩藻糖类似物的细胞内代谢产物或产物)可以抑制岩藻糖磷酸酶或GDP-岩藻糖-焦磷酸化酶的活性。在一些实施方式中,岩藻糖类似物(或岩藻糖类似物的细胞内代谢产物或产物)抑制岩藻糖基转移酶(优选1,6-岩藻糖基转移酶,例如FUT8蛋白)。在一些实施方式中,岩藻糖类似物(或岩藻糖类似物的细胞内代谢产物或产物)可以抑制岩藻糖从头合成途径中酶的活性。例如,岩藻糖类似物(或岩藻糖类似物的细胞内代谢产物或产物)可以抑制GDP-甘露糖4,6-脱水酶或/或GDP-岩藻糖合成酶的活性。在一些实施方式中,岩藻糖类似物(或岩藻糖类似物的细胞内代谢物或产物)可以抑制岩藻糖转运蛋白(例如GDP-岩藻糖转运蛋白)。
在一个实施方式中,岩藻糖类似物是2-氟岩藻糖。在生长培养基使用岩藻糖类似物的方法和其他岩藻糖类似物公开于,例如,WO/2009/135181,其通过引用并入本文。
用于工程化细胞系以减少核心岩藻糖基化的其他方法包括基因敲除,基因敲入和RNA干扰(RNAi)。在基因敲除中,编码FUT8(α1,6-岩藻糖基转移酶)的基因被灭活。FUT8催化岩藻糖基残基从GDP-岩藻糖转移到N-聚糖的Asn连接(N-连接)GlcNac的位置6。据报道,FUT8是唯一负责将岩藻糖加入到N-连接的双天线碳水化合物中Asn297处的酶。基因敲入添加编码酶,如GNTIII或高尔基体α甘露糖苷酶II的基因。细胞中这些酶的水平的增加使来自岩藻糖基化途径的单克隆抗体转移(导致核心岩藻糖基化降低)并且具有二等分N-乙酰葡糖胺的量增加。RNAi通常还靶向FUT8基因表达,导致mRNA转录水平降低或完全敲除基因表达。这些方法中的任何一种可用于产生能够生产非岩藻糖基化抗体(例如SEA-CD40抗体)的细胞系。
本领域技术人员将认识到许多方法可用于确定抗体上岩藻糖基化的量。方法包括例如通过PLRP-S层析和电喷雾电离四极TOF MS的LC-MS。
在给予于患者时,非岩藻糖基化抗体SEA-CD40诱导单核细胞成熟活化成巨噬细胞,并诱导细胞因子的产生,包括例如干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)和趋化因子,其引起针对免疫系统挑战的强烈T细胞响应。不同于完全激动的抗体,如抗体24.4.1,SEA-CD40不诱导产生免疫抑制细胞因子,如白介素-10(IL-10)。IL-10继而诱导T调节细胞的活性,抑制免疫反应。因此,SEA-CD40可用于诱导强烈的T细胞介导的免疫响应而不促进T调节细胞的活性。
SEA-CD40的剂量和给药
用于胃肠道外给药的药物组合物优选为无菌且基本等渗且在GMP条件下制造。可以单位剂型(即单次给药的剂量)提供药物组合物。可使用一种或多种生理学上可接受的运载体、稀释剂、赋形剂或助剂制备药物组合物。制剂取决于所选择的给药途径。为了注射,抗体可配制在水性溶液中,优选生理相容性缓冲液以减少注射位点的不舒适性。该溶液可包含配制剂,如助悬剂、稳定剂和/或分散剂。或者,抗体可以是使用前用合适的载剂(如无菌无热原的水)进行重建的冻干形式。
SEA-CD40静脉内给药。在其它实施方式中,SEA-CD40皮下给药。在另一个实施方式中,在皮下肿瘤部位给予SEA-CD40。
与其亲本抗体达西珠单抗相比,非岩藻糖基化的SEA-CD40抗体惊人地增强了免疫活化活性。因此,与达西珠单抗相比,SEA-CD40可以以较低剂量和以不同的计划给予患者。
例如,SEA-CD40可以以0.1-2000μg/kg(μg/千克患者体重)的水平给予患者。其他可能的剂量范围为10-1000μg/kg、50-800μg/kg、75-600μg/kg、100-500μg/kg。其他可能的剂量范围如下:100-300μg/kg、300-500μg/kg、500-700μg/kg、700-900μg/kg、和900-1100μg/kg。更多的剂量范围如下:100-150μag/kg、150-200μg/kg、200-250μg/kg、250-300μag/kg、300-350μg/kg、350-400μg/kg、400-450μg/kg、450-500μg/kg、500-550μg/kg、550-600μg/kg、600-650μg/kg、650-700μg/kg、700-750μg/kg、750-800μg/kg、800-850μag/kg、850-900μg/kg、900-950μg/kg、950-1000μg/kg、1000-1050μg/kg、和1050-1100μg/kg。其他可能的剂量范围是0.3-200μg/kg、0.6-150μg/kg、1.0-100μg/kg、2-50μg/kg、5-25μg/kg、7.5-15μg/kg和8-12μg/kg。
在其他实施方式中、以0.6μg/kg、1.0μg/kg、2.5μg/kg、5.0μg/kg、7.5μg/kg、10μg/kg、30μg/kg、50μg/kg、75μg/kg、100μg/kg或200μg/kg将SEA-CD40给予患者。在优选的实施方式中,以10μg/kg将SEA-CD40给予患者。
在另外的实施方式中,以约60μg/kg、约100μg/kg、约150μg/kg、约200μg/kg、250μg/kg、约300μg/kg、约350μg/约400μg/kg、约450μg/kg、约500μg/kg、约500μg/kg、约500μg/kg、约600μg/约800μg/kg、约850μg/kg、约900μg/kg、约950μg/kg、约1000-1050μg/kg、约1050μg/kg和1110μg/kg将SEA-CD40给予患者。
在一些实施方式中,以降低免疫耗尽可能性的方式给予SEA-CD40。例如,SEA-CD40可以以三周的间隔,六周的间隔,八周的间隔,十周的间隔,十二周的间隔或十四周的间隔给予。间隔时间也可以为月计划,例如一个月的间隔,两个月的间隔或三个月的间隔。
因为SEA-CD40激活免疫系统以针对肿瘤相关抗原响应,其用途不限于表达CD40的癌症。因此,SEA-CD40可用于治疗CD40阳性和CD40阴性癌。
SEA-CD40优选用于治疗已知具有免疫响应性的肿瘤,特别是如果癌症表达低水平的CD40或不可检测地表达CD40。免疫响应性癌症包括例如黑素瘤;膀胱癌;肺癌,例如小细胞肺癌和非小细胞肺癌;卵巢癌;肾癌;胰腺癌;乳腺癌;宫颈癌;头颈癌,前列腺癌;成胶质细胞瘤;非霍奇金淋巴瘤;慢性淋巴细胞白血病;肝细胞癌;或多发性骨髓瘤。
在另一个实施方式中,SEA-CD40用于治疗实体瘤。在另一个实施方式中,SEA-CD40用于治疗血液癌,例如淋巴瘤,包括非霍奇金淋巴瘤和霍奇金淋巴瘤;慢性淋巴细胞白血病;或多发性骨髓瘤。
SEA-CD40联合治疗
由于其免疫刺激功能,SEA-CD40可以与激活免疫系统的其他治疗剂组合使用。具有免疫刺激功能的药物包括例如T细胞调节剂,包括免疫检查点抑制剂;免疫激活剂和诱导免疫原性细胞死亡的化疗剂。作为一个例子,某些抗体通过阻断在T细胞上作为免疫检查点的分子的活性起作用。因此,SEA-CD40可以与靶向免疫检查点蛋白的抗体组合使用。
T细胞调节剂
T细胞在免疫系统识别和消除体内癌症的能力中发挥作用。T细胞调节剂包括阻断免疫检查点功能的抗体。参见例如Pardoll,Nature Rev.Cancer,12:252-264(2012)。阻断免疫检查点的抗体包括例如抗PD-1抗体,抗-PD-L1抗体和抗CTLA4抗体。其他检查点抑制剂/激活剂包括LAG3和TIM3。可以使用针对一些蛋白质的抗体来调节T细胞活性或优选活化T细胞活性,例如针对4IBB,CD27,ICOS和OX40的抗体。其他T细胞调节剂包括酶吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶(IDO)的抑制剂。
抗CTLA4抗体识别蛋白质细胞毒性淋巴细胞4(CTLA-4),也称为分化簇152或CD152。CTLA-4蛋白在T细胞上表达,其识别适合于免疫系统攻击的抗原。CTLA-4的活化可抑制免疫反应。参见例如Nirschi和Drake,Clin.Cancer Res.,19:4917-4924(2013)。对CTLA-4特异并阻断其活性的抗体已被用于通过上调对癌症的免疫响应来治疗癌症。CTLA-4抗体的示例包括伊匹单抗或特姆单抗。SEA-CD40可以与伊匹单抗或特姆单抗联合给予以治疗癌症。
抗PD1抗体识别蛋白程序性死亡-1(PD-1)。类似CTLA-4,PD-1在T细胞上表达,并且抑制免疫响应。参见例如Nirschi和Drake,Clin.Cancer Res.,19:4917-4924(2013)。对PD-1特异并阻断其活性的抗体已被用于通过上调对癌症的免疫响应来治疗癌症。PD-1抗体的示例包括MED 10680、AMP-224、尼莫单抗、多替珠单抗和彭美罗珠单抗。作为检查点抑制剂并可与SEA-CD40组合使用的其它PD-1结合蛋白包括例如B7-DC-Fc。SEA-CD40可与MEDI0680、AMP-224、尼莫单抗、多替珠单抗或彭美罗珠单抗组合给予以治疗癌症。
PD-L1是PD-1蛋白的配体。PD-L1在癌细胞上表达,其与PD-1的相互作用允许表达PD-L1的癌细胞逃避免疫系统。已经产生抗PD-L1抗体并用于治疗癌症。PD-L1抗体的示例包括例如MEDI4736、BMS-936559/MDX-1105、MSB0010718C和MPDL3280A。SEA-CD40可以与MEDI4736、BMS-936559/MDX-1105、MSB0010718C或MPDL3280A组合给予以治疗癌症。
阻断免疫检查点蛋白质功能的其他抗体包括针对例如LAG3和TIM3的抗体,并且可以与SEA-CD40组合使用。
使用针对41BB、CD27、ICOS和OX40的抗体来激活T细胞活性,并可与SEA-CD40组合使用。OX40抗体包括例如MEDI6469和MEDI6383。激动性抗CD27抗体的示例是CDX-1127,其可以与SEA-CD40组合使用。
酶吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶(IDO)催化氨基酸色氨酸的降解。IDO的抑制剂可以是小分子,如迷迭香酸,COX-2抑制剂和α-甲基-色氨酸。
诱导免疫原性细胞死亡的化疗剂
在大多数人类中,数百万个细胞通过细胞凋亡死去并被去除而不产生免疫响应。然而,在用一些化疗剂处理后,观察到免疫细胞浸润肿瘤。因此,化疗剂杀死的一些肿瘤细胞作为疫苗,引发了肿瘤特异性免疫响应。这种现象被称为免疫原性细胞死亡(ICD)。参见例如Kroemer等,Annu.Rev.Immunol.,31:51-72(2013)。可以实验测定化疗药物诱导ICD的能力。必须满足两个标准。首先,在没有佐剂的情况下,用经化疗剂体外处理的癌细胞注射免疫活性小鼠必须引发对肿瘤抗原特异的保护性免疫响应。第二,体内发生的ICD,例如使用潜在的ICD诱导化疗剂治疗的小鼠同基因模型必须在肿瘤中驱动依赖于免疫系统的免疫响应。
诱导ICD的化疗剂包括例如蒽环类抗生素抗体、抗EGFR抗体、硼替佐米、环磷酰胺、吉西他滨、肿瘤照射和奥沙利铂。SEA-CD40可与任何这些试剂组合使用以产生增强的免疫响应并在患者中治疗癌症。
免疫活化
也可以通过给予直接刺激免疫系统的药物治疗癌症。这些试剂包括例如GM-CSF,IFN-γ,白介素-2,GVAX和TLR9激动剂。其他免疫激活剂包括例如癌症疫苗,卡介苗(BCG),非特异性免疫刺激剂(例如咪喹莫特)和诸如CAR-T细胞的细胞疗法。SEA-CD40可与任何这些试剂组合使用以产生增强的免疫响应并在患者中治疗癌症。
其他组合
与SEA-CD40的其他组合可用于治疗癌症。示例包括例如与抗-PD1抗体例如尼莫单抗、彭美罗珠单抗和多替珠单抗、MEDI0680或AMP-224组合的SEA-CD40;与吉西他滨组合SEA-CD40,含或不含紫杉醇或顺铂或奥沙利铂;与BRAF抑制剂如维莫拉本或达布他滨组合的SEA-CD-40;或与环磷酰胺、阿霉素、长春新碱、和泼尼松(CHOP)或利妥昔单抗、异环磷酰胺、卡铂、和依托泊苷(RICE)或利妥昔单抗、吉西他滨、地塞米松和顺铂(RGDP)组合的SEA-CD40。
实施例
提供以下实施例用于说明而非限制本发明所要求的权利。
实施例1:非岩藻糖基化hS2C6抗体的合成
在CHO细胞中表达具有SEQ ID NO:1和2的重链和轻链的人源化抗CD40抗体S2C6。在抗体生产期间,细胞培养基中包含岩藻糖基化抑制剂2-氟岩藻糖,产生非岩藻糖基化抗体SEA-CD40。参见例如Okeley等Proc.Nat’l Acad.Sci.110:5404-55409(2013)。用于细胞生长的基础培养基不含岩藻糖,并将2-氟岩藻糖加入到培养基中以抑制蛋白质岩藻糖基化。同上。通过LC-MS,通过PLRP-S层析和电喷雾电离四极TOF MS测量岩藻糖向抗体的掺入。同上。数据未显示。
实施例2:非岩藻糖基化hS2C6抗体的表征
SEA-CD40的CD40结合亲和力测定:为了分离外周血单核细胞(PBMC),人全血由Astarte生物公司(Astarte Biologics)提供。简言之,将血液收集到肝素管中,并在抽出的四小时内送入西雅图遗传学公司(Seattle Genetics)。一旦到达,血液等分到50ml锥形管(falcon)中,并在Eppendorf 5810R(A-4-62转子)中以200g的速度在25℃下不间断旋转20分钟,以分离富含血小板的部分。离心后,形成三层不同层:底层红细胞(占总体积的50-80%);中间层,非常薄的白细胞带;顶层,草黄色富血小板血浆(PRP)。
用1ml移液管除去血小板中富集的上层草黄色层。一旦血小板富集血浆被移出,血液用等体积的无菌PBS稀释(吉布可(Gibco)公司,lot 1618435,ept 2016-07)。将温热至室温的15ml Histopaque-1077(Sigma,批号RNBD2965,Expt.5/2017)的置于血液下方。Histopaque样品在25℃下以1500rpm不间断旋转25分钟。离心后,再次形成三层:底层,红细胞(占总体积的50-80%);中层,白血细胞的厚带(也称为“血沉棕黄层”);顶层,PBS和剩余的血小板。
用1ml移液管取出上层PBS/血小板层,弃去。将白血细胞的厚带轻轻取出并置于干净的50ml无菌锥形管中。将管填充至50ml,将细胞以800g旋转10分钟。除去洗涤溶液,将沉淀重悬在10ml ACK红血液裂解缓冲液(吉布可公司,批号1618488)中10分钟。然后用35ml无菌PBS将50ml锥形管充满,细胞以800g旋转10分钟。除去洗液,将沉淀重新悬浮于50ml PBS中。取出500μL的样品,用Vi-细胞-XR(克曼库尔特(Beckman Coulter)公司)计数PBMC。将细胞800g再次旋转10分钟。除去洗涤溶液,并在FAC染色溶液(BD)中以1×106/ml重新悬浮沉淀。将100μl重悬的PBMC置于96孔U底板(康宁(Corning)公司)中并置于冰上。为了阻止非特异性FcγRIIIa结合,用100μg/ml的人Fc片段(卡巴开(Calbiochem)公司)预处理PBMC 30分钟。制备生物素化SEA-h00(非岩藻糖基化对照抗体),SEA-CD40或SGN-40的10倍系列稀释液以产生稀释系列(100、10、1、0.1、0.01、0.001、0.0001μg/ml)。
将样品在冰冷的FAC缓冲液中洗涤两次,并与饱和浓度的PE-链霉亲和素(BD)在冰上孵育30分钟。将样品在冰冷的FAC缓冲液中洗涤两次并重悬于200μl的FAC缓冲液中。使用BD LSRII和DIVA软件评估结合。FCS在FlowJo和GeoMean中进行了分析,确定了阳性染色细胞的荧光,并绘制在Prism Graph Pad中。数据拟合为非线性回归,假设Prism中的一个结合位点和通过μg/ml计算除以SEA-CD40的分子量计算得到的结合KD值。
结果:通过流式细胞术测定SEA-CD40和亲本抗体达西珠单抗对人外周血单核细胞(PBMC)上CD40的结合亲和力。扣除适当同种型对照的背景结合,并将平均荧光强度(MFI)针对抗体浓度作图。结果示于图1。SEA-CD40和亲本抗体达西珠单抗给出了几乎重叠的结合曲线,以及约为1.17nM的两个饱和PBMC的浓度。这些数据表明岩藻糖基化的变化不影响SEACD40对CD40的亲和力。
SEA-CD40的FcγRIIIa结合亲和力测定:产生表达高(158V)或低(158F)版本的人Fc γ RIIIa的CHO细胞。将20x106个细胞离心,在20ml 1x PBS中洗涤一次,并重悬于8mlBD染色缓冲液中。细胞以以下密度等分:在100ul体积中2.0x106个细胞/ml。0.20×106个细胞等分到每个孔中。将细胞在室温下以1250rpm离心5分钟。
将抗体稀释至0.14ug/ml(SGN)或0.04ug/ml(SEA)。稀释示于表1。
表1
将上清液从旋转的细胞中吸出,并用多通道移液管加入60ul相应的抗体稀释液。相应的浓度分别为100、33.3、11.1、3.7、1.23、0.41、0.14mcg/ml。将样品在4℃下孵育1小时。离心样品,每孔用200μl BD染色缓冲液洗涤两次。将1毫升的链霉亲和素-PE加入到20mlBD染色缓冲液(超过2°)中以制备链霉亲和素缓冲液。将100μl的链霉亲和素缓冲液加入到每个样品中,并在4℃下在黑暗中孵育30分钟。然后离心样品,每孔用200ul BD染色缓冲液洗涤两次。在LSRII上,样品通过流式细胞仪在HTS模式下进行分析,并通过图形MFI计算PRIZM中的Kd。
结果:评估SEA-CD40和亲本抗体达西珠单抗与表达低(158F)或高(158V)亲和形式的Fc γ RIIIa的中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞的结合。结果如图2A和2B所示。SEA-CD40以相似亲和力(分别为KD 27.5nM和5.2nM)与低(158F)和高(158V)形式的Fc γ RIIIa结合。结合低亲和力(158F)形式的SEA-CD40明显优于岩藻糖基化亲本抗体达西珠单抗(KD302.7nM),SEA-CD40甚至比岩藻糖基化的达西珠单抗亲本更好地结合高亲和力158V形式(5.2nM对比37.9nM)。
SEA-CD40介导的ADCC活性:如上分离人PBMC,并用各种浓度的SEA-CD40或SEA同种型对照(SEA-h00)处理6、24或48小时。培养物对CD19+B细胞染色,细胞数量通过流式细胞术定量。
结果:人PBMC培养物用100、10、1、0.1、0.01、0.001或0.0001μg/mL的SEA CD40或非结合的SEA同种型对照(SEA-h00)处理6、24和48小时,然后评估CD40阳性细胞的数量。结果示于图4。SEA-CD40治疗导致CD40+CD19+B细胞以剂量和时间依赖性方式显著降低,甚至降至低亚(low sub)μg/mL浓度。SEA-CD40对单核细胞/DC数量没有显著影响(单核细胞/DC数据未显示)。
人全血或PBMC中细胞因子生产的评估:人全血由Astarte生物公司提供。简单来说,将100ml血液收集到肝素管中,并在抽取后4小时内送至西雅图遗传学公司。将留存一半血液用于全血培养物,另一半用于分离PBMC,如上所述。将100μl全血等分到3-96平底组织培养板(克斯塔(Costar)公司)中。将分离的PBMC在Viacell中计数,并以1x106个细胞/ml悬浮于含有10%FBS(亚特兰大生物(Atlanta Biologics)公司)、1X青霉素/strepA和X谷氨酰胺(PBMC培养基)的DMEM中。对于PBMC,将100ul重悬、纯化的PBMC等分到3-96个平底组织培养板中。在PBMC培养基中制备SEA-h00和SEA-CD40的10X系列稀释液,将全血和分离的PBMC培养物用递减浓度的SEA-h00或SEA-CD40(100、10、1.0、0.1、0.01、0.001、0.0001或0μg/ml)处理。在每个时间点,对于全血和PBMC培养物一式两份进行SEA-CD40处理。在每个预定时间点(6、24和48小时)中,将含有全血或纯化的PBMC的96孔板用Eppendorf 5810R中的板适配器以800rpm旋转5分钟。去除血清或组织培养物上清液,并转移到96带状管架中,并将样品在-80℃下冷冻直到加工。
将冷冻的组织培养物上清液和血清在4℃下解冻过夜,并使用来自密理博(Millipore)公司的Luminex多重试剂盒进行处理用于细胞因子生产。定制试剂盒设计为分析IFNγ,IL-12p40,IL-6,IL-8,MCP-1,MIP-1α,IL-1 β,MIP-1 β,TNF-α,sCD40L。基于以前的研究中用达西珠单抗观察到的细胞因子挑选分析物。根据制造商的说明书处理组织培养上清液和血清样品。简言之,每孔用200μl洗涤缓冲液洗涤测定板,然后向每个孔中加入25μl标准品或缓冲液、25μl基质或样品、和25μl的多重分析物珠。将样品在4℃下剧烈摇动孵育过夜。用洗涤缓冲液洗涤测定板两次。向每个孔中加入25μL检测抗体,并在室温下孵育1小时。加入25μL链霉亲和素-藻红蛋白(SA-PE),样品在室温下孵育30分钟。将板用洗涤缓冲液洗涤两次,并将珠与150μl鞘液一起悬浮。使用Luminex MagPix系统与Xponent软件系统组合分析样品。从标准曲线计算细胞因子水平。
结果:人全血培养物用SEA同种型对照或SEA-CD40(100、10、1、0.1、0.01、0.001或0.0001μg/mL)处理6、24或48小时。收集血清或组织培养上清液,并通过多重Luminex分析评估炎性细胞因子。数据绘制为相比SEA同种型对照的细胞因子生产的倍数增加。如下表2所示,SEA-CD40在全血中于6小时、24小时和48小时时刺激IFNγ,MIP1β、和TNFα的强烈生产。在最左边的列中提供SEA-CD40水平。在低至0.010μg/mL SEA-CD40的水平下观察到活性。在图4A和4B中显示了24小时时的MIP1β和TNFα的刺激。
表2
全血
人PBMC用SEA同种型对照或SEA-CD40(100、10、1、0.1、0.01、0.001或0.0001μg/mL)处理6、24或48小时。收集血清或组织培养上清液,并通过多重Luminex分析评估炎性细胞因子。数据绘制为相比SEA同种型对照的细胞因子生产的倍数增加。如下表3所示,SEA-CD40在PBMC中于6小时、24小时和48小时时刺激IFNγ,MIP1β、和TNFα的强烈生产。在最左边的列中提供了以μg/mL表示的SEA-CD40水平。在低至0.010μg/mL SEA-CD40的水平下观察到活性。在图5A和5B中显示了24小时时的MIP1β和TNFα的刺激。
表3
PRMC
评估PBMC上的激活标志物:对上述细胞因子分析中保留的细胞沉淀物评估共刺激分子表面表达。将细胞沉淀重悬于50ml BD FAC缓冲液中并转移至96孔圆底微量滴定板中,用人100ug/ml Fc片段(密理博公司)在冰上封闭Fc受体30分钟。在含有100mg/ml人Fc片段的BD FAC缓冲液中制备以1∶100稀释的PE-CD86(BD)和MHCII(Pan抗-DPv,DP,DQ抗体,BD)组成的主混物。将5μl主混物加入到含有90μl的每个孔中,并将样品在冰上孵育1小时。然后将细胞在预冷却的Eppendorf 5810R离心机中以400g旋转5分钟。去除上清液,细胞用200mlBD Facs缓冲液洗涤。将细胞洗涤两次,然后重悬于200ml FAC缓冲液中。然后用DIVA软件(BD生物科学公司)在LSRII(BD生物科学公司)上分析样品。使用FlowJo分析软件评估CD86和MHCII几何平均荧光。计算SEA-h00和SEA-CD40之间的比例,并且用倍数变化计算SEA-CD40效力的范围。
结果:激活CD40除了引发细胞因子产生,还促进抗原呈递细胞的成熟。DC成熟后可以上调活化标志物,包括CD86和MHCII。用SEA CD40和SEA同种型对照刺激人PBMC培养物6、24或48小时,并评估MHC II类抗原(HLA DR,DP,DQ)和CD86的表面表达。SEA-CD40刺激,而不是同种型对照,以低至0.01μg/mL的浓度得到MHCII(表4)和CD86(数据未显示)的显著增加。
表4:MHCII
岩藻糖在SEA-CD40的免疫激活中的作用:如上所述分离人PBMC。用各种浓度的SEA-CD40、亲代抗体SGN40或F(ab)’2型SEA-CD40处理PBMC并孵育24小时。为了评估B细胞消耗,用PE-CD19染色BPMC培养物,并通过流式细胞术定量B细胞数。为了评估细胞因子产生,收集PBMC组织培养上清液,并通过Luminex平台上的多重分析评估细胞因子产生。IFNγ产生如图7所示,(ng/mL),其他细胞因子也出现相似的趋势。为了评估抗原呈递细胞成熟,在孵育24小时后收集PBMC,并用PE-抗-CD86或APC-pan MHC II类抗原(DR,DQ,DP)抗体染色,并通过流式细胞仪评估阳性细胞百分比。数据显示为pan MHC标志物的平均荧光强度。
结果:为了评估B细胞消耗,用多重浓度的SEA-CD40、达西珠单抗或SEA-CD40F(ab’)2处理人PBMC培养物24小时。结果示于图6。与达西珠单抗处理的培养物相比,SEA-CD40处理的培养物中ADCC介导的B细胞消耗显著更高,并且SEA-CD40F(ab)’2丧失了该活性。
另外,在刺激24小时的SEA-CD40、达西珠单抗和SEA-CD40F(ab’)2PBMC培养物中评估免疫激活终点(细胞因子和APC激活/成熟标志物)。SEA-CD40刺激细胞因子产生(图7)和APC成熟(图8)均显著高于达西珠单抗或SEA-CD40F(ab)’2。这些数据表明,IgG结构域上缺乏岩藻糖不会改变CD40结合,但会增加FcγRIIIa结合,导致CD40活性增加,并最终增加CD40免疫调节活性。
实施例3:非岩藻糖基化hS2C6抗体的免疫调节活性
SEA-CD40活性剂量的鉴定:提出SEA-CD40在活化抗原呈递细胞的剂量水平上是有活性的,其可以通过上调活化标志物(如I类或II类MHC或CD86)来表征。如上所述评估用不同浓度的SEA-CD40处理6至48小时后的PBMC上的激活标志物(PBMC上的激活标志物的评估)。针对每种活化标志物计算同型对照SEA-h00和SEA-CD40的处理之间的差异并与SEA-CD40浓度和处理时间作图。对于CD86和MHCII,在24小时观察到最陡峭的响应-浓度曲线,对于MHCI为48小时。使用以下等式,通过非线性回归拟合响应浓度数据(24小时CD86、24小时MHCII和48小时MHCI),其中0%和100%响应被定义为每个活化标志物的数据集中的最小值和最大值。EC50是50%响应的SEA-CD40浓度。
结果:活化标志物的标准化响应与log(浓度)和非线性拟合回归线如图9所示。MHCI,CD86和MHCII的EC50估计值分别为0.011,0.14和0.41μg/mL。估计SEA-CD40以0.2μg/mL分别诱导MHCI、CD86和MHCII的最大上调约90%,60%和30%,对应于在人中10μg/kg的IV剂量可达到的理论血浆Cmax。该剂量被提出作为理论上的第一预期活性剂量。
实施例4:非岩藻糖基化hS2C6抗体的免疫调节活性
由SEA-CD40产生的T细胞响应:在Astarte生物公司从显示出与M1流感肽具有高度反应性的HLA-A2供体产生抗M1 T细胞系。这些细胞用羧基荧光素琥珀酰亚胺酯(CFSE)标记并与自体PBMC组合。在存在或不存在递减浓度(1、0.1、0.01μg/ml)的SEA-CD40或达西珠单抗的情况下,用10μg/ml的M1流感肽刺激培养物5天。收集培养物上清液并通过Luminex平台上的多重分析来分析细胞因子,并通过M1特异性四聚体结合鉴定抗原特异性T细胞。
结果:来自显示对M1流感肽有高度反应性的HLA-A2供体的PBMC,在存在或不存在递减浓度的SEA-CD40或达西珠单抗的情况下用M1流感肽刺激持续5天。结果如图10A和10B所示。SEA-CD40刺激的培养物显示出对M1流感抗原的响应增加,如IFN γ生产的增加和通过四聚体结合增加所测定的抗原特异性T细胞的增加所见。SEA-CD40刺激抗原特异性T细胞响应下降到0.1ug/ml,并且该活性比与达西珠单抗相关的响应更强烈。
SEA-CD40与抗免疫检查点抑制剂抗体组合产生的T细胞响应:在Astarte生物公司从显示出与M1流感肽具有高度反应性的HLA-A2供体产生抗M1T细胞系。这些细胞用CFSE标记并与自体PBMC组合。在存在或不存在递减浓度(1、0.1、0.01μg/ml)的SEA-CD40和/或1μg/ml抗CTLA4或抗PD-1抗体的情况下,用10μg/ml的M1流感肽刺激培养物5天。收集培养物上清液并通过Luminex平台上的多重分析来分析细胞因子,并通过M1特异性四聚体结合鉴定抗原特异性T细胞。
结果:在存在或不存在递减浓度的SEA-CD40和/或恒定浓度的抗CTLA4阻断抗体或抗PD-1抗体的情况下,用M1流感肽刺激来自与M1流感肽有高度反应性的HLA-A2供体的PBMC。结果示于图11和12。虽然SEA-CD40、抗CTLA4抗体和抗PD-1抗体单独刺激抗原特异性T细胞响应,但是当SEA-CD40和抗CTLA4抗体或抗PD-1抗体组合时,观察到对M1流感抗原的响应增加,如IFN-γ生产的增加(图11)和通过四聚体结合增加所测定的抗原特异性T细胞的增加(图12,使用来自MBL的四聚体/APC-HLA-A*02:01流感-M1(GILGFVFTL)四聚体)所见。SEA-CD40刺激抗原特异性T细胞响应降至0.1μg/ml,并通过与免疫检查点抗体组合增强该活性。
来自癌症患者的PCMC中由SEA-CD40产生的T细胞响应:为了单独评估抗CD40抗体,从10ml肿瘤患者血液中分离PBMC,并将25万个细胞接种在24孔板中。样品用增加浓度的仅SEA-CD40、或者1ug/ml含有MageA1/MageA3/NY-ESO的组合肽库和增加浓度的SEA-CD40或SGN-40处理。将样品在10%CO2于37℃下培养5天,收集组织培养上清液并评估INF-γ水平。
为了评估与免疫检查点阻断抗体组合的SEA-CD40,从10ml诊断为乳腺癌、胰腺癌或黑素瘤癌的患者血液中分离PBMC,并将25万个细胞接种在24孔板中。样品用增加浓度的SEA-CD40、1ug/ml含有MageA1/MageA3/NY-ESO的组合肽库、和1μg/ml抗-PD1或抗-CTLA4处理。将样品在10%CO2于37℃下培养5天,收集组织培养上清液并评估INF-γ水平。
结果:如上所述从全血中分离来自供体的PBMC。供体是三名诊断为黑素瘤的患者,三名诊断为乳腺癌的患者和三名诊断为胰腺癌的患者。在存在或不存在增加浓度的SEA-CD40或SGN-40情况下,用常见肿瘤抗原蛋白(MAGEA1/MAGE3/NY-ESO)的肽库刺激供体PBMC持续5天。收集组织培养上清液,并对INF-γ生产进行评估。结果示于图13。与SGN-40处理相比,9名患者中有6名表现出抗原依赖性INF-γ响应,其被SEA-CD40处理显著增强。在SEA-CD40处理的PBMC中,在低至10μg/ml的浓度下观察到刺激。
如上所述从全血中分离来自供体的PBMC。如上,供体是三名诊断为黑素瘤的患者,三名诊断为乳腺癌的患者和三名诊断为胰腺癌的患者。在存在或不存在增加浓度的SEA-CD40和/或恒定浓度的抗CTLA4或抗-CD4阻断抗体的情况下,用常见肿瘤抗原蛋白(MAGEA1/MAGE3/NY-ESO)的肽库刺激供体PBMC。结果示于图14。虽然SEA-CD40和针对检查点阻断靶标PD1和CTLA4的抗体仅刺激抗原特异性T细胞响应,但是当SEA-CD40与抗CTLA4抗体或抗PD1抗体组合时,观察到对肿瘤抗原的强烈信号,如INF-γ生产所测。
实施例5:非岩藻糖化抗CD40抗体活性的小鼠模型
已经证明小鼠模型在评估新型癌症治疗功效和机制方面非常有用。在小鼠癌症模型中研究SEA-CD40一直很困难,因为SEA-CD40不能识别鼠CD40。因此,为了评估非岩藻糖基化抗CD40抗体的活性,开发了同基因鼠肿瘤模型。人IgG1和人FcγRIII/CD16的鼠功能等价物分别是鼠IgG2a和FcγRIV,并且鼠IgG2a与鼠FcγRIV的结合介导ADCC。参见例如Bruhns,Blood 119:5640-5649(2012)和Nimmeriahn等Immunity 23:41-51(2005)。大鼠抗体1C 10用于产生SEA-CD40的替代物。参见例如Heath等,Eur.J.Immunol.24:1828-1834(1994)。简言之,将识别鼠CD40的大鼠单克隆抗体,1C10抗体的VL和VH基因片段,分别框内5’克隆到鼠Cκ和鼠IgG2a CH1-CH2-CH3片段中。所得基因在CHO细胞中的表达产生嵌合1C10抗体,具有IgG2a同种型的大鼠VL和VH结构域和鼠轻链和重链结构域(mIgG2a 1C10)。使用实施例1中所述的方法,在CHO细胞生长培养基中,在2-氟岩藻糖存在下表达mIgG2a 1C10,以产生mIgG2a 1C10的非岩藻糖基化形式(mIgG2a SEA 1C10)。使用小鼠B16黑素瘤模型测试岩藻糖基化的mIgG2a 1C10和mIgG2a SEA 1C10的抗肿瘤活性。
评估非岩藻糖化鼠抗体与鼠Fc γ受体的结合:将稳定表达鼠Fc γ RI或Fc γRIV的CHO细胞与浓度增加的岩藻糖基化的mIgG2a 1C10或非岩藻糖基化的mIgG2a 1C10(mIgG2a SEA-1C10)一起孵育。洗涤样品并加入饱和量的PE-抗小鼠IgG,并将样品在冰上孵育30分钟。再次洗涤样品,通过流式细胞仪分析标记的细胞。
结果:评估替代性抗CD40抗体与表达鼠FcγRI或FcγRIV(人FcγRIII/CD16的鼠等价物)的中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞的结合。结果如图15A和15B所示。如预期,mIgG2a 1C10以与mIgG2a SEA 1C10相似的亲和力结合至Fc γ R1。参见例如图15A。然而,非岩藻糖基化的mIgG2a SEA 1C10以比岩藻糖基化亲本抗体mIgG2a 1C10显著更高的亲和力结合FcγRIV。参见例如图15B。
在鼠肿瘤模型中评估非岩藻糖基化抗CD40抗体:将250.0E+3 B16F10黑素瘤细胞皮下给予C57BL/6小鼠。将小鼠随机分组,各组具有约50mm3的平均肿瘤尺寸。然后每隔一天给予同种型对照(mIgG2a)、岩藻糖基化的mIgG2a 1C10或非岩藻糖基化的mIgG2a 1C10(mIgG2a SEA 1C10)的腹膜内注射,总共三剂。监测小鼠直到肿瘤尺寸达到1000mm3,此时处死小鼠。
结果:B16F10同基因黑色素瘤模型用于评估非岩藻糖基化抗CD40抗体替代物的体内功效。将B16F10黑素瘤细胞植入C57BL/6小鼠,然后用mIgG2a同种型对照、岩藻糖基化的mIgG2a 1C10或非岩藻糖基化的mIgG2a 1C10(mIgG2a SEA 1C10)处理。监测肿瘤负担,当肿瘤尺寸达到1000mm3时处死小鼠。结果示于图16。与岩藻糖基化的亲本1C10IgG2a抗体相比,用非岩藻糖基化SEA-1C10 mIgG2a处理的小鼠显示出显著的存活益处和肿瘤延迟。
实施例6:SEA-CD40消耗B细胞并促进T细胞活化
将SEA-CD40活性与相关岩藻糖基化抗体和完全激动性抗CD40抗体,克隆21.4.1,进行比较。抗体21.4.1是人抗CD40IgG2k激动性抗体,其是CP-870,893的亲本克隆,正在实体瘤临床试验中与PDL1组合测试的抗体。关于抗体21.4.1的氨基酸序列信息,参见例如美国专利号7,338,660,其全部并入本文用于所有目的。测试了抗体的三个功能区域:驱动人B细胞分化、激活和消耗的能力,激活原代人PBMC培养物的能力以及驱动抗原特异性响应的能力。
评估抗-CD-40抗体对B细胞的活化:使用来自新鲜人全血或人外周血单核细胞(PBMC)的纯化B细胞进行实验。使用RosetteSep分离试剂盒从新鲜人体全血中分离B细胞。分离纯化的B细胞与浓度递增的SEA-CD40、抗体21.4.1、或六聚体CD40配体,恩佐生物科学公司(Enzo Life Sciences)(10、1、0.1、0.01、0.001μg/mL)孵育24小时。通过流式细胞术评估作为CD80上调的B细胞活化。
如上所述分离PBMC,然后用浓度递增的SEA-CD40、抗体21.4.1或六聚体CD40L(10、1、0.1、0.01、或0.001μg/mL)培养24小时。通过流式细胞术评估用CD19染色评估的B细胞的总数。
结果:SEA-CD40免疫调节活性取决于抗体的Fc部分及其与CD16,FcγRIII受体的相互作用。结果示于图17。在缺乏表达SEA-CD40交联所需的Fcγ受体的细胞的纯化B细胞培养物中,SEA-CD40不诱导B细胞活化。这与CD40激活抗体21.4.1不同,其能类似于CD40配体地驱动纯B细胞培养物中的B细胞活化。
PBMC包括表达Fcγ受体的细胞。该细胞群的结果示于图18。对于PBMC培养物,SEA-CD40能够促进B细胞的ADCC消耗,而抗体21.4.1处理没有消耗B细胞。
评估抗-CD-40抗体对单核细胞/巨噬细胞的活化:如上所述分离人PBMC培养物。用浓度递增(0.0、0.001、0.01、0.1、1.0或10μg/mL)的SEA-CD40、达西珠单抗、抗体21.4.1或SEA同种型对照刺激PBMC培养物24小时。CD80的上调是单核细胞成熟的标志。通过流式细胞术评价CD80的表面表达。
结果:结果示于图19。如CD80上调所测,PBMC的SEA-CD40处理诱导单核细胞/巨噬细胞的强烈活化,并且该活性与CD40激活抗体21.4.1所见的活化一致。
评估抗-CD40抗体对细胞因子的诱导:如上所述分离人PBMC培养物。用浓度递增(0.0、0.001、0.01、0.1、1.0或10μg/mL)的SEA-CD40、达西珠单抗、抗体21.4.1或SEA同种型对照刺激PBMC培养物24小时。刺激后,收集组织培养上清液,并通过多重Luminex分析评估炎性细胞因子。
结果:结果示于图20和图21。图20显示SEA-CD40和CD40激活抗体21.4.1诱导细胞因子IFN-γ和趋化因子对于引发强烈T细胞响应是重要的。图21显示了抗体对白介素10(IL10)的诱导。与促进IL10生产的抗体21.4.1相反,SEA-CD40降低免疫阻滞细胞因子IL-10的水平。
评估抗-CD40抗体对T细胞的诱导:如上所述分离人PBMC培养物。1X106PBMC在DMEM+10%FBS中培养,并与5ug的M1流感肽、与浓度递增(0.0、0.001、0.01、0.1、1.0或10μg/mL)的SEA-CD40、达西珠单抗、或抗体21.4.1孵育持续5天。然后收集细胞和细胞培养物上清液。在上清液中评估IFN-γ水平。使用流式细胞术通过四聚体染色评估流感抗原特异性T细胞。使用流式细胞术测定T调节细胞,一种CD4+、CD25+、低CD127细胞群的百分比。
结果:结果示于图22-24。在五天孵育后,与达西珠单抗或抗体21.4.1相比,SEA-CD40诱导更高水平的IFN-γ,参见例如图22。图23显示SEA-CD40诱导强烈的流感抗原特异性T细胞响应,类似于抗体21.4.1所见。然而,图24显示SEA-CD40还减少流感肽刺激后存在的免疫抑制性T调节细胞的数量。该活性可能与用SEA-CD40处理PBMC后所观察到的IL10产生减少有关。如图24所示,相比之下,与抗体21.4.1孵育后,PBMC显示出T调节细胞数量增加。
应理解,本文所述的实施例和实施方式仅用于说明目的,本领域技术人员应了解据此作出的各种修饰或改变,且它们包括在本申请的主旨和权益以及所附权利要求书的范围内。本文引用的所有发表物、专利和专利申请通过引用全文纳入本文以用于所有目的。
非正式序列表
SEQ ID NO:1;hS2C6重链
SEQ ID NO:2,hS2C6轻链
序列表
<110> 西雅图基因公司(SEATTLE GENETICS, INC.)
<120> 非岩藻糖基化抗CD40抗体的剂量和给药
<130> 0040-00712PC
<150> US 62/072,031
<151> 2014-10-29
<150> US 62/134,955
<151> 2015-03-18
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Claims (22)
1.一种治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括将抗CD40抗体给予需要该治疗的患者的步骤,
其中所述抗CD抗体包含SEQ ID NO:1的重链可变区和SEQ ID NO:2的轻链可变区,和人恒定区;其中所述恒定区在根据Kabat所示的EU索引的残基N297处具有N-糖苷-连接的糖链并且低于5%的N-糖苷-连接的糖链包含岩藻糖残基;和
其中所述抗CD40抗体以0.1-2000μg/kg患者体重的剂量水平给予。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述剂量水平为10-1000μg/kg。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述剂量水平为50-800μg/kg。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述剂量水平为75-600μg/kg。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述剂量水平为100-500μg/kg。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述剂量水平是选自下组的范围:100-300μg/kg、300-500μg/kg、500-700μg/kg、700-900μag/kg和900-1100μg/kg。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述剂量水平是选自下组的范围:100-150μg/kg、150-200μg/kg、200-250μg/kg、250-300μg/kg、300-350μag/kg、350-400μg/kg、400-450μg/kg、450-500μg/kg、500-550μg/kg、550-600μg/kg、600-650μg/kg、650-700μg/kg、700-750μg/kg、750-800μg/kg、800-850μg/kg、850-900μg/kg、900-950μg/kg、950-1000μg/kg、1000-1050μg/kg和1050-1100μg/kg。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述剂量水平选自下组:约60μg/kg、约100μg/kg、约150μg/kg、约200μg/kg、约250μg/kg、约300μg/kg、约350μg/kg、约400μg/kg、约450μg/kg、约500μg/kg、约550μg/kg、约600μg/kg、约650μg/kg、约700μg/kg、约750μg/kg、约800μg/kg、约850μg/kg、约900μg/kg、约950μg/kg、约1000-1050μg/kg、约1050μg/kg和1110μg/kg。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述抗CD40抗体每三周给予。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述抗CD40抗体每六周给予。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述患者具有CD40阳性癌症。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述患者具有CD40阴性癌症。
13.一种治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括将抗CD40抗体和抗CTLA4抗体给予需要该治疗的患者的步骤,
其中所述抗CD抗体包含SEQ ID NO:1的重链可变区和SEQ ID NO:2的轻链可变区,和人恒定区;其中所述恒定区在根据Kabat所示的EU索引的残基N297处被糖基化并且低于5%的糖基化物包含岩藻糖残基。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述抗CTLA4抗体选自伊匹单抗和特姆单抗。
15.一种治疗癌症的方法,其中所述方法包括将抗CD40抗体和抗PD1抗体给予需要该治疗的患者的步骤,
其中所述抗CD抗体包含SEQ ID NO:1的重链可变区和SEQ ID NO:2的轻链可变区,和人恒定区;其中所述恒定区在根据Kabat所示的EU索引的残基N297处被糖基化并且低于5%的糖基化物包含岩藻糖残基。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述抗PD1抗体选自尼莫单抗,多替珠单抗和彭美罗珠单抗。
17.一种治疗癌症的方法,其中所述方法包括将抗CD40抗体和抗PD-L1抗体给予需要该治疗的患者的步骤,
其中所述抗CD抗体包含SEQ ID NO:1的重链可变区和SEQ ID NO:2的轻链可变区,和人恒定区;其中所述恒定区在根据Kabat所示的EU索引的残基N297处被糖基化并且低于5%的糖基化物包含岩藻糖残基。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述抗PD-L1抗体选自MEDI4736和MPDL3280A。
19.如权利要求1所述的癌症,其中所述癌症是血液癌症。
20.如权利要求1所述的癌症,其中所述癌症是实体瘤。
21.如权利要求13、15或17所述的癌症,其中所述癌症是血液癌症。
22.如权利要求13、15或17所述的癌症,其中所述癌症是实体瘤。
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- 2022-04-25 US US17/728,350 patent/US20220249662A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2022-05-02 US US17/734,541 patent/US20220265822A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2023
- 2023-07-12 JP JP2023114493A patent/JP2023126406A/ja active Pending
- 2023-09-20 US US18/471,051 patent/US20240075135A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2023-09-20 US US18/471,036 patent/US20240075134A1/en not_active Abandoned
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