CN107008248B - 一种黑色Bi4Ti3O12光催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种黑色Bi4Ti3O12光催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于化学材料制备技术领域,提供了一种黑色Bi4Ti3O12光催化剂的制备方法。本发明通过固相法制备传统钛酸铋,再通过溶剂热法制备黑色Bi4Ti3O12光催化剂。并通过光催化降解染料实验证明所制备黑色Bi4Ti3O12由于有着很好的可见光吸收能力,具有良好的光催化活性,性能优于传统白色钛酸铋。本发明制备工艺简便,制备成本低,效率高,实用性强,易于进行大规模生产,具备良好的经济效益和环保效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种通过固相法制备传统钛酸铋,再通过溶剂热法制备黑色Bi4Ti3O12光催化剂的方法。
背景技术
光催化因在环境和能源方面的应用而广受人们的关注,但制约其实际应用的一个瓶颈因素是光子利用率。常用的光催化剂二氧化钛(TiO2)为白色,通过在其表面或者体相进行Ti3+掺杂或制造氧空位,从而实现其光谱吸收范围的可控调节,制备出新型的黑色TiO2可见光催化材料。Wei等(Chem.Eng.J.,2016,299,120)将钛酸四丁酯和尿素溶解在乙醇溶液中,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备前驱体粉末,再在N2氛围下550℃下煅烧3h,制备出黑色TiO2。Zhou等(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2014,136(26),9280)将钛酸四丁酯和P123溶解在乙醇溶液中,再加入适量浓盐酸调节PH,放入烘箱中蒸发溶剂得到凝胶粉末,将粉末在200℃下煅烧4h,再在乙二胺的水溶液中100℃回流48h,最后在350℃N2氛围下煅烧3h和700℃空气氛围下煅烧2h,得到黑色有序介孔TiO2。
Bi4Ti3O12是一种典型的aurivillius氧化物半导体,与二氧化钛相比(Eg=3.2eV)光学带隙较低(Eg=2.8eV)。由于结构中存在TiO4四面体和立体活性的Bi3+离子,它作为一种新型高效光催化剂在近年来被广泛研究。Xu等(Acta.Chimica.Sinica,2005,63(1),5)将一定摩尔比的硝酸铋和钛酸四丁脂溶解在醋酸溶液中,通过化学溶液分解法得到钛酸铋的前驱体,再在550℃下煅烧,制备了Bi12TiO20,Bi4Ti3O12,Bi2Ti2O7纳米粉体。Wang等(Mater.Lett,2014,121(2),22)将硝酸铋和钛酸四丁脂溶解在二甲氧基乙醇和氢氧化钠水溶液中,通过溶剂热法在180℃下反应20h,制备了Bi4Ti3O12纳米片。然而已知的报道中制备的钛酸铋都为白色或者淡黄色,对可见光的吸收效率十分不足。目前还没有关于黑色Bi4Ti3O12制备方法的报道。所以开发操作简单,成本低廉,适用于大规模生产的方法,已经成为黑色Bi4Ti3O12生产者们所追求的主要目标。
发明内容
本发明目的是克服现有技术中存在的操作步骤复杂、耗时、成本高,并且没有黑色Bi4Ti3O12的技术缺陷,提供一种制备具有良好光催化活性的黑色钛酸铋光催化剂及其方法。
本发明首先提供一种黑色钛酸铋材料,所述材料为黑色粉末,晶化完全,形貌规则。
本发明还提供一种黑色Bi4Ti3O12光催化剂的制备方法,通过以下步骤实现:
(1)称取一定量的P25和氧化铋,研磨均匀,将得到的淡黄色粉末放置于石英舟中,煅烧一段时间,冷却到室温后,将产物水洗烘干,得到白色钛酸铋;
(2)取步骤(1)中得到的白色钛酸铋粉末分散于乙醇溶液中,搅拌均匀,转移置水热釜中,放到烘箱中反应一段时间,待冷却到室温后离心水洗烘干,得到黑色钛酸铋。
步骤(1)中,氧化铋与P25的摩尔比为3:(1~4)。
步骤(1)中,煅烧温度为500~800℃,煅烧时间为0.5~2h。
步骤(2)中,烘箱蒸发的温度范围为140~180℃,反应时间10~24h。
上述方法制备的复合材料作为光催化剂的应用,可对染料进行光催化降解。本发明所制得的黑色Bi4Ti3O12,晶化完全,可见光吸收能力强,分散性好。
利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见分光度计(DRS) 对产物进行形貌结构及可见光吸收能力分析,以罗丹明B溶液为目标染料进行光催化降解实验,通过紫外-可见分光光度计测量吸光度,以评估其光催化活性。
与现有技术相比较,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本方法通过固相法制备传统钛酸铋,再通过溶剂热法制备黑色Bi4Ti3O12光催化剂,具有反应条件易控制、工艺和流程简便、低能耗的优点。
(2)用此方法制备的黑色Bi4Ti3O12光催化剂,具有结晶度高、可见光吸收能力强,光催化效果好等优点。
附图说明
图1为所制备黑色Bi4Ti3O12光催化剂的XRD衍射谱图,图中衍射峰均为Bi4Ti3O12特征衍射峰。
图2为传统白色Bi4Ti3O12(a)和所制备黑色Bi4Ti3O12(b)光催化剂的扫描电镜照片。
图3为所制备黑色Bi4Ti3O12光催化剂的固体紫外曲线。
图4为传统Bi4Ti3O12和黑色Bi4Ti3O12催化剂降解罗丹明B溶液的时间-降解率关系图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
称取0.34g氧化铋,0.087g二氧化钛于研钵中,研磨均匀,将得到的淡黄色粉末放置于石英舟中,800℃下煅烧2h,冷却到室温后,将产物水洗烘干,得到白色钛酸铋。将得到的白色钛酸铋粉末分散于乙醇溶液中,搅拌均匀,转移置水热釜中,放到烘箱中 180℃下反应12h,待冷却到室温后离心水洗烘干,得到黑色钛酸铋。
图1为制得的样品的XRD衍射谱图,图中各个位置的峰都属于钛酸铋,没有其他杂质峰出现,对比标准JCPDS卡片(21-1272),可以确定为结晶性良好的Bi4Ti3O12粉体。
图2为扫描电镜照片,从图中可以看到与传统Bi4Ti3O12相比,黑色Bi4Ti3O12的形貌并没有发生太大的变化,说明并不是形貌的改变引起了催化剂颜色的变化。
图3为固体紫外曲线,相比传统Bi4Ti3O12,黑色Bi4Ti3O12在整个可见光范围(400-760 nm)都有着明显的吸收强度(纵坐标大于0既说明可以吸收此波长下的光),说明其有着明显的可见光吸收能力。
并且,我们推测其颜色的变化是由于在与乙醇的反应过程中,传统钛酸铋表面形成了氧空位,这些氧空位的形成不会明显改变晶相和形貌,但是会使得催化剂的颜色变暗,从而极大的增强可见光吸收能力。
实施例2
称取0.34g氧化铋,0.022g二氧化钛于研钵中,研磨均匀,将得到的淡黄色粉末放置于石英舟中,800℃下煅烧2h,冷却到室温后,将产物水洗烘干,得到白色钛酸铋。将得到的白色钛酸铋粉末分散于乙醇溶液中,搅拌均匀,转移置水热釜中,放到烘箱中 140℃下反应10h,待冷却到室温后离心水洗烘干。
实施例3
称取0.34g氧化铋,0.043g二氧化钛于研钵中,研磨均匀,将得到的淡黄色粉末放置于石英舟中,500℃下煅烧0.5h,冷却到室温后,将产物水洗烘干,得到白色钛酸铋。将得到的白色钛酸铋粉末分散于乙醇溶液中,搅拌均匀,转移置水热釜中,放到烘箱中 140℃下反应10h,待冷却到室温后离心水洗烘干。
实施例4
称取0.34g氧化铋,0.174g二氧化钛于研钵中,研磨均匀,将得到的淡黄色粉末放置于石英舟中,600℃下煅烧1h,冷却到室温后,将产物水洗烘干,得到白色钛酸铋。将得到的白色钛酸铋粉末分散于乙醇溶液中,搅拌均匀,转移置水热釜中,放到烘箱中 160℃下反应18h,待冷却到室温后离心水洗烘干。
实施例5
(1)配制浓度为10mg/L的罗丹明B溶液,将配好的溶液置于暗处。
(2)分别称取0.1g传统白色钛酸铋和制备的黑色钛酸铋,置于光反应器中,分别加入100mL步骤(1)所配好的罗丹明B溶液,磁力搅拌30min,鼓泡,暗反应1h,待催化剂分散均匀后,打开水源,光源,进行光催化降解实验。
(3)每10min取样一次,取样量为5mL,用多管架自动平衡离心机离心3min,使催化剂完全沉淀,离心后用于紫外-可见吸光度的测量。
(4)由图4可见所制备的钛酸铋氯氧铋复合光催化剂具有优异的光催化活性,反应40 min,对染料的降解率已接近95%。
Claims (4)
1.一种黑色Bi4Ti3O12光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取一定量的P25和氧化铋,研磨均匀,将得到的淡黄色粉末放置于石英舟中,煅烧一段时间,冷却到室温后,将产物水洗烘干,得到白色钛酸铋;
(2)取步骤(1)中得到的白色钛酸铋粉末分散于乙醇溶液中,搅拌均匀,转移置水热釜中,放到烘箱中反应一段时间,待冷却到室温后离心水洗烘干,得到黑色钛酸铋。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种黑色Bi4Ti3O12光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,氧化铋与P25的摩尔比为3:(1~4)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种黑色Bi4Ti3O12光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述煅烧温度为500~800℃,煅烧时间为0.5~2h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种黑色Bi4Ti3O12光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述烘箱中的反应温度范围为140~180℃,反应时间10~24h。
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