CN106985809A - 变速器 - Google Patents

变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106985809A
CN106985809A CN201610838883.2A CN201610838883A CN106985809A CN 106985809 A CN106985809 A CN 106985809A CN 201610838883 A CN201610838883 A CN 201610838883A CN 106985809 A CN106985809 A CN 106985809A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
gear
speed
input shaft
clutch
drive gear
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201610838883.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
外山直基
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honda Motor Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Honda Motor Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Honda Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Honda Motor Co Ltd
Publication of CN106985809A publication Critical patent/CN106985809A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B60W10/111—Stepped gearings with separate change-speed gear trains arranged in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B60W10/113—Stepped gearings with two input flow paths, e.g. double clutch transmission selection of one of the torque flow paths by the corresponding input clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B60W10/115—Stepped gearings with planetary gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/30—Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/065—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/0006—Vibration-damping or noise reducing means specially adapted for gearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H61/0403—Synchronisation before shifting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/68—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings
    • F16H61/684—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings without interruption of drive
    • F16H61/688—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings without interruption of drive with two inputs, e.g. selection of one of two torque-flow paths by clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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    • B60W2510/0638—Engine speed
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Abstract

本发明提供一种变速器，在通过属于第2齿轮组的一个驱动齿轮使车辆起步时，能够不使用马达的转矩而适当地抑制伴随着第2离合器连接的驱动力的旋转变动。将属于第1齿轮组(71、43、45、47)的驱动齿轮预换挡成内侧主轴(IMS)，将属于第2齿轮组(42、44、46)的一个驱动齿轮换挡成第2轴(SS)而连接第2离合器(C2)。另外，优选的是，预换挡的驱动齿轮选择第1速挡或者第3速挡的驱动齿轮，换挡的驱动齿轮选择第2速挡齿轮。此外，在内侧主轴(IMS)上的第1离合器(C1)的下游，经由行星齿轮机构(70)连接马达(3)。

Description

变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及双离合器式变速器(两离合器式变速器)，被输入来自驱动源的驱动力的输入轴以及使驱动源与输入轴之间的驱动力分离和接合的离合器机构各自具有2个。
背景技术
作为基本骨架，双离合器式变速器具有：第1输入轴，其上以能够相对旋转的方式配置有与奇数变速级相关的多个驱动齿轮(以下，也称为“变速齿轮”。)；第2输入轴，其上以能够相对旋转的方式配置有与偶数变速级相关的多个驱动齿轮；使各驱动齿轮与其所属的第1输入轴或者第2输入轴同步接合的第1同步机构或者第2同步机构；输出轴，其上配设有与奇数变速级的驱动齿轮以及偶数变速级的驱动齿轮的双方啮合的多个从动齿轮；以及第1离合器或者第2离合器，它们使驱动源与第1输入轴之间或者与第2输入轴之间的驱动力分离接合。
双离合器式变速器的变速的过程由“换挡准备(预换挡)”、“离合器切换(离合器重组)”以及“换挡解除”这样的各过程构成。换挡准备是指，在当前变速级的变速齿轮与有助于当前行驶的输入轴(以下，也称为“当前行驶轴”。)同步接合的期间，预先使下一变速级(以下，也称为“目标变速级”。)的变速齿轮与对当前行驶没有帮助的输入轴(以下，也称为“其他轴”。)同步接合。此外，离合器切换是指释放当前行驶轴的离合器(以下，也称为“当前级离合器”。)并且连接其他轴的离合器(以下，也称为“下一级离合器”。)，将目标变速级建立为当前变速级。此外，换挡解除是指在离合器切换后，通过使与前一个变速级(以下，也称为“旧变速级”。)相关的同步机构返回到中立位置，来接触与旧变速级相关的变速齿轮同其他轴的同步接合。
另外，为了通过马达的转矩辅助(assist)发动机的驱动力、或者仅通过马达的转矩使车辆行驶，公知有在第1离合器下游的第1输入轴的轴端结合有马达的双离合器式变速器(例如，参照专利文献1。)。
在具有上述马达的双离合器式变速器中，当第1同步机构为中立状态且第2同步机构为啮合状态时，能够连接第2离合器，经由第2输入轴将发动机的驱动力传递给驱动轮，使车辆前进，并且在车辆行驶期间，使第1离合器连接，经由第1输入轴借助于发动机的驱动力产生电力，利用该电力来对电池进行充电。即，能够在第1离合器以及第2离合器两个离合器同时连接的状态下使车辆行驶。
因此，例如，在连接第2离合器而以偶数变速级行驶的过程中，在电池的剩余容量较少的情况下，能够连接第1离合器而利用发动机的驱动力将马达作为发电机来进行驱动，从而对电池进行充电。或者，在第1以及第2同步机构都处于中立状态的车辆的停止时，在连接第1离合器对电池进行充电的期间，能够将2速齿轮换挡为第2输入轴，而且，连接第2离合器而以第2速挡起步。
这样，在上述双离合器式变速器中，在车辆的行驶和停止时频繁地进行离合器的连接和释放。图7的(b)是示出在第1以及第2同步机构都处于中立状态的车辆的停止时连接第2离合器而以第2速挡起步的情况下的、发动机以及第2离合器的旋转时间序列数据以及第2离合器的旋转振幅、驱动轴的转矩振幅以及车体振动振幅的各时间序列数据的曲线图。另外，关于发动机以及第2离合器的旋转时间序列数据，通过转速的时间序列数据来进行表示，对于第2离合器的旋转振幅、驱动轴的转矩振幅以及车体振动振幅的各时间序列数据，则利用通过带通滤波器提取了各转速、转矩以及振动的时间序列数据而得的变动时间序列数据来表示。
由图可知，当在时刻t1开始连接第2离合器时，来自发动机的驱动力(旋转)变动并且成为第2离合器的旋转变动而传递给驱动轴。即，可知伴随着离合器连接的驱动力的旋转变动容易直接传递到驱动轴。
另外，提出了通过马达的转矩来抑制伴随着该离合器连接的驱动力的旋转变动的方法(例如，参照专利文献1的[0082]至[0084]段。)。
现有技术文献
专利文献1：日本特开2011-20575号公报
在具有上述马达的双离合器式变速器中，存在如下问题：在电池未被充电的情况下，或者电池的剩余容量少的情况下，无法将马达作为电动机来驱动，因此，无法抑制伴随着离合器连接的驱动力的旋转变动。
发明内容
因此，本发明是鉴于上述以往技术的问题点而完成的，其目的在于提供能够在使车辆起步时不使用马达的转矩而适当地抑制伴随着离合器连接的驱动力的旋转变动的双离合器式变速器。
在用于达成上述目的的本发明的变速器中，变速器(4)具有：驱动源(2)，其产生驱动车辆(1)的驱动力；第1输入轴(IMS)，其通过第1分离接合单元(C1)而有选择地与所述驱动源结合；第2输入轴(SS)，其通过第2分离接合单元(C2)而有选择地与所述驱动源(2)结合；第1齿轮组(71、43、45、47)，其由相对旋转自如地设置在所述第1输入轴(IMS)上的1个或者多个驱动齿轮构成；第1同步接合机构(41、81、82)，其使属于所述第1齿轮组的任意一个驱动齿轮有选择地与所述第1输入轴同步接合；第2齿轮组(42、44、46)，其由相对旋转自如地设置在所述第2输入轴(SS)上的1个或者多个驱动齿轮构成；第2同步接合机构(83、84)，其使属于所述第2齿轮组的任意一个驱动齿轮有选择地与所述第2输入轴同步接合；输出轴(CS)，在该输出轴(CS)上以不能给相对旋转的方式配置有与属于所述第1齿轮组以及所述第2齿轮组的各驱动齿轮啮合的1个或者多个从动齿轮(51、52、53)；以及控制装置(10)，其控制所述第1同步接合机构和所述第2同步接合机构，其中，该变速器(4)的特征在于，所述控制装置(10)构成为将所述第1同步接合机构(41、81、82)控制成：在选择属于所述第2齿轮组(42、44、46)的一个驱动齿轮并连接所述第2分离接合单元(C2)而使所述车辆(1)起步时，预先使属于所述第1齿轮组(71、43、45、47)的一个驱动齿轮与所述第1输入轴同步接合。
在上述结构中，在车辆通过属于第2齿轮组(42、44、46)的一个驱动齿轮起步时，预先使属于第1齿轮组(71、43、45、47)的一个驱动齿轮与第1输入轴(IMS)同步接合(预换挡)，因此，第1分离接合单元(C1)下游的与第1输入轴相关的驱动系统(以下，也称为“第1驱动系统”。)的惯性力矩(惯性)的大部分成为相对于与第2输入轴(SS)相关的驱动系统(以下，也称为“第2驱动系统”。)的负荷惯性。即，当属于第1齿轮组(71、43、45、47)的一个驱动齿轮被预换挡成第1输入轴(IMS)时，相对于第2驱动系统的负荷惯性增大。
由于相对于第2驱动系统的负荷惯性增大，因此，第2驱动系统的频率传递特性(与频率相关的输入输出特性)的固有频率向低频率区域移动(改变)。由于固有频率改变至低频率区域，在比固有频率高的频率区域，增益下降。由于增益下降，因此，伴随着第2分离接合单元(C2)的连接的驱动力的旋转变动得以适当衰减后传递向驱动轴(6L、6R)。由此，能够使驱动轴(6L、6R)上的转矩变动降低。其结果为，在车辆(1)通过属于第2齿轮组(42、44、46)的一个驱动齿轮起步时，能够适当抑制伴随着第2分离接合单元(C2)的连接而在车体(1)中产生的振动。
本发明的第2特征为，所述控制装置(10)构成为将所述第1同步接合机构(41、81、82)控制成：在选择属于所述第2齿轮组(42、44、46)的一个驱动齿轮并连接所述第2分离接合单元(C2)而使所述车辆(1)起步时，预先使属于所述第1齿轮组(71、43、45、47)的所述驱动齿轮中最低速挡的驱动齿轮与所述第1输入轴(IMS)同步接合。
在上述结构中，由于预先使属于第1齿轮组(71、43、45、47)的驱动齿轮中最低速挡的驱动齿轮与第1输入轴(IMS)同步接合，因此，相对于第2驱动系统的负荷惯性变得最大。当相对于第2驱动系统的负荷惯性最大时，固有频率的变化量也最大，并且增益的下降量也最大。由此，能够适当地使伴随着第2分离接合单元(C2)的连接的驱动力的旋转变动衰减，降低驱动轴(6L、6R)上的转矩变动。其结果为，在车辆(1)通过属于第2齿轮组(42、44、46)的一个驱动齿轮起步时，能够适当抑制伴随着第2分离接合单元(C2)的连接而在车体(1)中产生的振动。
本发明的第3特征为，所述控制装置(10)将所述第1同步接合机构(41、81、82)控制成：预先使属于所述第1齿轮组(71、43、45、47)的所述驱动齿轮与所述第1输入轴(IMS)同步接合，直到所述第2分离接合单元(C2)完全连接为止。
在上述结构中，作为使属于第1齿轮组(71、43、45、47)的驱动齿轮与第1输入轴(IMS)同步接合的时机，由于在第2分离接合单元(C2)开始连接之前、或者第2分离接合单元(C2)连接的期间进行，因此，能够适当地使伴随着第2分离接合单元(C2)的连接的驱动力的旋转变动衰减。其结果为，在车辆(1)通过属于第2齿轮组(42、44、46)的一个驱动齿轮起步时，能够适当地抑制伴随着第2分离接合单元(C2)的连接而在车体(1)中产生的振动。
本发明的第4特征为，在所述第1输入轴(IMS)上连接有能够驱动该第1输入轴的马达(3)。
在上述结构中，由于马达(3)与第1输入轴(IMS)连接，因此，马达(3)的惯性被加到第1驱动系统的惯性上。因此，与未连接有马达(3)的情况相比，在将属于第1齿轮组(71、43、45、47)的一个驱动齿轮预换挡成第1输入轴(IMS)的情况下，相对于第2驱动系统的负荷惯性变大。其结果为，与第2驱动系统相关的固有频率向低频率区域的变化量以及增益的下降量都比未连接有马达(3)的情况大。由此，在车辆(1)通过属于第2齿轮组(42、44、46)的一个驱动齿轮起步时，能够适当抑制伴随着第2分离接合单元(C2)的连接而在车体(1)中产生的振动。
本发明的第5特征为，在所述马达(3)上连接有行星齿轮机构(70)，该行星齿轮机构的太阳轮(71)与该马达(3)的转子(3a)一体地旋转，并且行星架(73)与属于所述第1齿轮组(71、43、45、47)的一个驱动齿轮一体地旋转，齿圈(75)通过所述第1同步接合机构(41、81、82)而被有选择地约束旋转。
在上述结构中，行星齿轮机构(70)的太阳轮(71)与马达(3)的转子(3a)一体地旋转，并且行星架(73)与属于第1齿轮组(71、43、45、47)的一个驱动齿轮一体地旋转，并且齿圈(75)通过第1同步接合机构(41、81、82)而被有选择地约束旋转，因此，在将属于第1齿轮组(71、43、45、47)的一个驱动齿轮预换挡成第1输入轴(IMS)的情况下，除了马达(3)的惯性之外，行星齿轮机构(70)的惯性也作为负荷惯性而施加于第1驱动系统。由此，相对于第2驱动系统的负荷惯性变大。其结果为，在车辆(1)通过属于第2齿轮组(42、44、46)的一个驱动齿轮起步时，能够适当抑制伴随着第2分离接合单元(C2)的连接而在车体(1)中产生的振动。
根据本发明的变速器，在通过属于第2齿轮组(42、44、46)的一个驱动齿轮使车辆(1)起步时，能够不使用马达的转矩，适当地抑制伴随着第2分离接合单元(C2)的连接而在车体(1)中产生的振动。
附图说明
图1是示出具有本发明的一个实施方式的变速器的车辆的结构例的概略图。
图2是图1所示的变速器的概要图。
图3是示出从本实施方式的车辆的停止状态以第2速挡起步的起步控制的流程图。
图4是示出车辆从预换挡成第1速挡的状态以第2速挡起步的情况下的转矩流的说明图。
图5是示出车辆从预换挡成第3速挡的状态以第2速挡起步的情况下的转矩流的说明图。
图6是示出车辆以第2速挡起步的情况下的从第2离合器起的下游的频率传递特性的说明图。
图7是示出车辆以第2速挡起步的情况下的车体振动的时序图的说明图。
图8是示出本发明的其他实施方式的车辆的从停止状态以第2速挡起步的起步控制的流程图。
图9是本发明的其他实施方式的变速器的概要图。
标号说明
1：车辆；2：发动机(ENG)(驱动源)；2a：曲轴；3：马达(电动机)；4：变速器；5：差动机构；10：电子控制单元(控制装置)；20：逆变器；30：电池；31：油门踏板传感器；32：制动踏板传感器；33：挡位传感器；34：马达转速传感器；35：剩余容量检测器；36：电池温度传感器；39：旋转轴传感器；41：制动机构；42、44、46：驱动齿轮；43、45、47：驱动齿轮；70：行星齿轮机构；81、82：同步机构；83、84：同步机构；85：倒挡同步机构；C1：第1离合器；C2：第2离合器；CS：副轴(输出轴)；IDS：空转轴；IMS：内侧主轴；OMS：外侧主轴；RVS：倒车轴；SS：第2轴。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行详细的说明。图1是示出具有本发明的一个实施方式的变速器4的车辆的结构例的概略图。
本实施方式的车辆1是具有作为驱动源的发动机2以及马达3的混合动力汽车的车辆。该车辆1具有：用于控制马达3的逆变器20；向马达3供给电力的电池30；变速器4，其将来自驱动源的驱动力的转速变速为期望的转速；差动机构5，其将从变速器4传递来的驱动力分配给左右驱动轮WL、WR；左右驱动轴6L、6R，它们将由差动机构5分配的各驱动力分别传递给左右驱动轮WL、WR；以及左右驱动轮WL、WR，它们将由左右驱动轴6L、6R传递来的驱动力变换为车辆的推进力。
这里，马达3包含电动机以及发电机两者的功能。电池30是能够可逆地进行充电和放电的蓄电器，包含二次电池以及电容器。此外，发动机2只要是能够将燃烧能量转换为旋转能量的内燃机即可，与燃料的种类以及是否存在增压器无关。
此外，车辆1具有用于分别控制发动机2、变速器4、逆变器20以及电池30的电子控制单元(ECU：Electronic Control Unit)10。电子控制单元10不仅可以针对多个控制对象物而构成为1个单元，也可以针对单一的控制对象物而构成为1个单元。例如也可以由用于控制发动机2的发动机ECU、用于控制马达3和逆变器20的马达ECU、用于控制电池30的电池ECU以及用于控制变速器4的AT-ECU等多个ECU构成。本实施方式的电子控制单元(ECU)10构成为控制发动机2并且控制逆变器20、电池30以及变速器4的1个单元。
电子控制单元10根据各种运转条件而控制成进行仅将马达3作为驱动源的马达单独行驶(EV行驶)、或者控制成进行仅以发动机2为驱动源的发动机单独行驶、或者控制成进行将发动机2和马达3两者并用作驱动源的协同行驶(HEV行驶)。
此外，实时或者根据需要向电子控制单元10输入各种计测信号作为控制参数，例如，来自油门踏板传感器31的油门踏板开度、来自制动踏板传感器32的制动踏板踏入量、来自挡位传感器33的齿轮级(当前变速级)、来自马达转速传感器34的马达转速、来自剩余容量检测器35的电池30的剩余容量(SOC)、来自电池温度传感器36的电池30的温度、来自旋转轴传感器39的内侧主轴IMS、外侧主轴OMS以及副轴CS等的轴速度。
在发动机2与马达3的协同行驶或仅通过马达3的单独行驶时，马达3作为利用电池30的电能来产生用于使车辆1行驶的驱动力的电动机而发挥功能，并且在车辆1的减速时，作为通过马达3的再生来产生电力的发电机而发挥功能。在马达3的再生时，电池30借助于由马达3产生的电力(再生能量)而被充电。
马达3例如是通过由永久磁铁构成的转子(rotor)3a(图2)以及定子(stator)3b(图2)构成的3相无刷马达，在该定子3b以包围转子3a的方式设置有3相(U相、V相、W相)卷绕线圈(未图示)。电子控制单元10检测转子3a的磁极位置(N极或者S极位置)，根据转子3a的磁极位置依次对在各卷绕线圈中流动的相间(例如U相-V相之间)电流的方向(励磁方向)进行切换而使转子3a向固定方向旋转。
接下来，对本实施方式的车辆所具有的变速器4的结构进行说明。图2是图1所示的变速器4的概要图。变速器4是前进7级、后退1级的平行轴式变速机，是干式的双离合器式变速器(两离合器式变速器)。
在变速器4中，作为轴而设置有：构成发动机2的发动机输出轴的曲轴2a以及与马达3连接的内侧主轴(第1输入轴)IMS；构成该第1输入轴IMS的外筒的外侧主轴(第2输入轴)OMS；分别与第1输入轴IMS平行的第2轴(第2输入轴)SS；空转轴IDS；倒车轴RVS；以及与这些轴平行且构成输出轴的副轴CS。
这些轴中的外侧主轴OMS配置为经由空转轴IDS而与倒车轴RVS以及第2轴SS始终接合，副轴CS进进一步与差动机构5(图1)始终接合。
此外，变速器4具有奇数变速级用的第1离合器C1以及偶数变速级用的第2离合器C2。第1以及第2离合器C1、C2是干式的离合器。第1离合器C1与第1输入轴IMS结合。第2离合器C2与外侧主轴OMS(第2输入轴的一部分)结合，第2离合器C2从固定于外侧主轴OMS上的齿轮48经由空转轴IDS而与倒车轴RVS以及第2轴SS(第2输入轴的一部分)连结。
在第1输入轴IMS的靠近马达3的规定的位置固定配置有行星齿轮机构70的太阳轮71。此外，在第1输入轴IMS的外周上，在图2中从左侧起依次配置有行星齿轮机构70的行星架73、5速驱动齿轮45、7速驱动齿轮47以及3速驱动齿轮43。5速驱动齿轮45、7速驱动齿轮47、3速驱动齿轮43分别能够相对于第1输入轴IMS而相对旋转。5速驱动齿轮45与行星齿轮机构70的行星架73连结，还兼用作1速驱动齿轮。
并且，在第1输入轴IMS上，在5速驱动齿轮45与7速驱动齿轮47之间，以能够在轴向上滑动的方式设置有5-7速同步机构(第1同步接合机构)81，并且，与3速驱动齿轮43对应地，以能够在轴向上滑动的方式设置有3速同步机构(第1同步接合机构)82。通过使与期望的齿轮级对应的同步机构(第1同步接合机构)滑动而与该齿轮级的接合装置接合，由此，该齿轮级与第1输入轴IMS连接。以能够相对旋转的方式配置在第1输入轴IMS的外周上的各驱动齿轮与设置于副轴CS上的对应的各从动齿轮啮合，驱动副轴CS旋转。
在第2轴SS(第2输入轴)的外周上，在图2中从左侧起以能够相对旋转的方式配置有4速驱动齿轮44、6速驱动齿轮46、以及2速驱动齿轮42。并且，在第2轴SS上，在4速驱动齿轮44与6速驱动齿轮46之间，以能够在轴向上滑动的方式设置有4-6速同步机构(第2同步接合机构)83，并且，与2速驱动齿轮42对应地，以能够在轴向上滑动的方式设置有2速同步机构(第2同步接合机构)84。在这种情况下，也通过使与期望的齿轮级对应的同步机构(第2同步接合机构)滑动而与该齿轮级的接合装置接合，该齿轮级与第2轴SS(第2输入轴)连接。
以能够相对旋转的方式配置在第2轴SS的外周上的各驱动齿轮也与设置于副轴CS上的对应的各从动齿轮啮合，驱动副轴CS旋转。另外，固定于第2轴SS上的齿轮49与空转轴IDS上的齿轮57啮合，从该空转轴IDS经由外侧主轴OMS而与第2离合器C2结合。
在倒车轴RVS的外周上，以能够相对旋转的方式配置有倒车驱动齿轮58。此外，在倒车轴RVS上，与倒车驱动齿轮58对应地，以能够在轴向上滑动的方式设置有倒挡同步机构85，此外，固定有与空转轴IDS卡合的齿轮50。
在倒车行驶的情况下，使同步机构85向左方向滑动，使倒车驱动齿轮58与倒车轴RVS同步接合，进一步使后述的制动器41工作。然后，通过使第2离合器C2接合，第2离合器C2的旋转经由外侧主轴OMS以及空转轴IDS传递至倒车轴RVS，倒车驱动齿轮58进行旋转。倒车驱动齿轮58与第1输入轴IMS上的齿轮56啮合，当倒车驱动齿轮58旋转时，第1输入轴IMS朝着与前进时相反的方向旋转。第1输入轴IMS向相反方向的旋转经由行星齿轮机构70的太阳轮71、行星架73以及与行星架73连结的齿轮(5速驱动齿轮)45传递至副轴CS。
在副轴CS上，在图2中从左侧起依次固定配置有4-5速从动齿轮51、6-7速从动齿轮52、2-3速从动齿轮53、驻车用齿轮54以及最终驱动齿轮55。最终驱动齿轮55与差动机构5的差动齿圈(未图示)啮合，由此，副轴CS的输出轴的旋转传递至差动机构5的输入轴(即车辆推进轴)。此外，在行星齿轮机构70的齿圈75上设置有用于使该齿圈75的旋转停止的制动器41。
在上述结构的变速器4中，当使5-7速同步机构81的同步套筒向左方向滑动时，5速驱动齿轮45与第1输入轴IMS结合，5速的变速级被选择，当向右方向滑动时，7速驱动齿轮47与第1输入轴IMS结合，7速的变速级被选择。此外，当使3速同步机构82的同步套筒向右方向滑动时，3速驱动齿轮43与第1输入轴IMS结合，3速的变速级被选择。此外，在制动器41的同步套筒向右方向滑动、齿圈75的旋转停止的状态下，当使5-7速同步机构81的同步套筒向左方向滑动时，1速的变速级被选择。即，第1速挡的减速比是行星齿轮机构70的减速比与5速挡的减速比相乘而得的减速比。在这样选择了奇数的驱动齿轮级的状态下，通过使第1离合器C1接合，变速器4被设定为奇数变速级(1速、3速、5速或者7速)。
当使4-6速同步机构83的同步套筒向左方向滑动时，4速驱动齿轮44与第2轴SS结合，当向右方向滑动时，6速驱动齿轮46与第2轴SS结合。此外，当使2速同步机构84的同步套筒向右方向滑动时，2速驱动齿轮42与第2轴SS结合。在这样选择了偶数的驱动齿轮级的状态下，通过使第2离合器C2接合，变速器4被设定为偶数变速级(2速、4速或者6速)。
此外，在制动器41的同步套筒向右方向滑动、齿圈75的旋转停止的状态下，当使倒挡同步机构85的同步套筒向左方向滑动时，被设定为倒车挡。
图3是示出本实施方式的车辆从停止状态以第2速挡起步的起步控制的流程图。在车辆1的停止状态时，当点火开关IG接通时，电子控制单元10进行步骤S1的处理。
在步骤S1中，判断驾驶员是否有起步请求。电子控制单元10从挡位传感器33取得信号，如果当前的挡位是D挡(前进挡)等行驶挡位，则判断为存在起步请求，执行步骤S2的处理。如果是这以外的挡位，则进行待机，直至驾驶员有起步请求。
在步骤S2中，预换挡成第1速挡或者第3速挡。
在预换挡成第1速挡的情况下，电子控制单元10使图2所示的制动器41的同步套筒向右方向换挡，使齿圈75与壳体90接合。进一步，使5-7速同步机构81的同步套筒向左方向换挡，使5速驱动齿轮与内侧主轴IMS同步接合。由此，预换挡成第1速挡。
另一方面，在预换挡成第3速挡的情况下，电子控制单元10使图2所示的3速同步机构82的同步套筒向右方向换挡，使3速驱动齿轮与内侧主轴IMS同步接合。由此，预换挡成第3速挡。
在步骤S3中，换挡成第2速挡。电子控制单元10使图2所示的2速同步机构84的同步套筒向右方向换挡，使2速驱动齿轮42与第2轴SS同步接合。
在步骤S4中，连接第2离合器C2。由此，车辆1以第2速挡起步。
图4是示出车辆1从预换挡成第1速挡的状态以第2速挡起步的情况下的转矩流的说明图。另外，转矩流用虚线表示。下文中都是同样的。
在预换挡成第1速挡的情况下，从图4中由粗线表示的第1离合器C1起，下游部分、即内侧主轴IMS、太阳轮71、转子3a、齿圈75、行星架73、5速驱动齿轮45、5-7速同步机构81、3速同步机构82以及齿轮56经由4-5速从动齿轮51而与副轴CS连结。副轴CS经由2-3速从动齿轮53而与第2轴SS连结。即，通过预换挡成第1速挡，用粗线表示的部分成为相对于从第2离合器C2起的下游的驱动系统(第2驱动系统)的负荷惯性，相对于第2驱动系统的负荷惯性增加。如果相对于第2驱动系统的负荷惯性增加，虽然细节会在后文叙述，但第2驱动系统的固有频率被改变成低频率区域，由此，在比固有频率高的频率区域内，振动能级的增益下降。由此，能够适当地使伴随着第2离合器C2的连接的驱动力的旋转变动衰减。其结果为，能够适当地抑制由于离合器连接而在车体中产生的振动。
同样地，图5是示出车辆1从预换挡成第3速挡的状态以第2速挡起步的情况下的转矩流的说明图。
在预换挡成第3速挡的情况下，从图5中用粗线表示的第1离合器C1起，下游部分、即内侧主轴IMS、太阳轮71、转子3a、5-7速同步机构81、3速同步机构82、3速驱动齿轮43以及齿轮56经由2-3速从动齿轮53而与第2轴SS连结。由此，相对于从第2离合器C2起的下游的第2驱动系统的负荷惯性增加，从第2离合器C2起的下游的驱动系统的固有频率下降，能够适当地使伴随着第2离合器连接的驱动力的旋转变动衰减。其结果为，能够适当地抑制通过离合器连接而在车体中产生的振动。
图6是示出车辆1以第2速挡起步的情况下的从第2离合器C2起的下游的频率传递特性的说明图。
该说明图是按照频率示出在连接第2离合器C2时产生的振动随着预换挡的有无而在从第2离合器C2起的下游的第2驱动系统中以何种程度放大或者衰减后进行传递的曲线图。具体而言，例如通过FFT(高速傅里叶转换)将与第2离合器C2接近的外侧主轴OMS的每个时间的转矩数据(输入转矩信号)与驱动轴的每个时间的转矩数据(输出转矩信号)之比(增益)转换为每个频率的增益。另外，增益用常用对数表示。
此外，图中的实线表示预换挡成第1速挡而以2速起步(以下，也称为“2Pre1”。)时的第2驱动系统的与频率传递特性相关的增益曲线。此外，图中的单点划线表示预换挡成第3速挡而以2速起步(以下，也称为“2Pre3”。)时的第2驱动系统的与频率传递特性相关的增益曲线。进而，图中的虚线表示没有预换挡而以2速起步(以下，也称为“2PreN”。)时的第2驱动系统的与频率传递特性相关的增益曲线。
此外，为了图示方便，对2PreN、2Pre3或者2Pre1时的第2驱动系统的各固有频率(固有值)省略图示。因此，在各增益曲线中，仅图示出了比固有频率高的频率区域的一部分的频带。
由图6可知，在预换挡成第1速挡或者第3速挡的情况下，2Pre1或者2Pre3的各增益曲线在比固有频率高的频率区域中位于比2PreN的增益曲线靠下方的位置。这是由于，在预换挡成第1速挡或者第3速挡的情况下，2Pre1或者2Pre3的第2驱动系统的固有频率被改变成比2PreN的固有频率低的频率区域。即，在预换挡成第1速挡或者第3速挡而以第2速挡起步的情况下，连接第2离合器C2时产生的振动在比各固有频率高的频率区域中衰减。
此外，由图6可知，与预换挡成第3速挡的情况相比，在预换挡成第1速挡的情况下，连接第2离合器C2时产生的振动更大幅度地衰减。即，在预换挡成第1速挡的情况下，能够使连接第2离合器C2时产生的振动更大幅度地衰减。
图7是示出车辆1以第2速挡起步的情况下的车体振动的时序图的说明图。另外，图7中(a)是车辆1在预换挡成第1速挡的状态下以第2速挡起步的情况下的车体振动的时序图，图7中(b)是没有预换挡的情况下的车体振动的时序图。
这里，如已经说明的那样，作为车体振动数据，体现有第2离合器C2的旋转振幅、驱动轴6L、6R的转矩振幅以及车体振动振幅的各时序图。
如图7中(a)所示，当在时刻t1开始连接第2离合器C2时，来自发动机2的驱动力(旋转)开始传递向驱动轴6L、6R。同时，连接第2离合器C2时产生的振动与来自发动机的驱动力重叠，驱动力在发生旋转变动的同时传递向驱动轴6L、6R。然后，在时刻t2，第2离合器C2完全连接，第2离合器C2的转速与发动机的转速一致。
如果观察从图7中(a)的时刻t1至时刻t2的第2离合器C2的旋转振幅(振幅)，则可知，与图7中(b)的没有预换挡相比，旋转振幅显著衰减。此外，如果观察从图7中(a)的时刻t1至时刻t2的驱动轴6L、6R的转矩振幅(振幅)，则可知，与图7中(b)的没有预换挡相比，转矩振幅显著衰减。即，可知：通过预换挡成第1速挡，连接第2离合器C2时产生的驱动力的旋转变动在衰减后传递向驱动轴6L、6R。其结果为，与没有预换挡的情况相比，预换挡成第1速挡的情况下的车体振动振幅大幅降低。
另外，上述事项也同样应用于车辆1选择奇数变速级的一个驱动齿轮并连接第1离合器C1而起步的情况。在该情况下，作为预换挡成上述第1输入轴的变速齿轮，是配置于第2轴SS上的2速驱动齿轮42或者4速驱动齿轮44。
即，在该情况下，第2离合器C2相当于上述第1分离接合单元，第1离合器C1相当于上述第2分离接合单元。此外，第2轴SS相当于上述第1输入轴，内侧主轴IMS相当于上述第2输入轴。此外，由2速驱动齿轮42、4速驱动齿轮44以及6速驱动齿轮46构成的偶数变速级相当于上述第1齿轮组，由1速驱动齿轮、3速驱动齿轮43、5速驱动齿轮45以及7速驱动齿轮47构成的奇数变速级相当于上述第2齿轮组。此外，4-6速同步机构83以及2速同步机构84相当于上述第1同步接合机构、5-7速同步机构81、3速同步机构82以及制动机构41相当于上述第2同步接合机构。
以上，参照附图对本发明的实施方式的一例进行了说明，但本发明的实施方式不仅限于上述实施例。即，能够在不变更本发明的技术特征的主旨的范围内加以各种技术变更和修正。例如，如图8所示，关于预换挡的时刻，可以在换挡成第2速挡之后预换挡成第1速挡或者第3速挡。即，可以在图3中执行步骤S3之后执行步骤S2。
此外，也可以在第2离合器C2的同时预换挡成第1速挡或者第3速挡。
此外，如图9所示，本发明也能够同样应用于在内侧主轴IMS上未连接有马达3的通常的双离合器式变速器4’。在该情况下，除了马达3，不需要行星齿轮机构70以及制动机构41。由于不需要上述结构，因此，对上述变速器4进行如下变更：内侧主轴IMS上的变速齿轮的配置变更为从左侧起依次为3速驱动齿轮43、5速驱动齿轮以及1速驱动齿轮41’。
此外，伴随着上述变更，对上述变速器4分别进行如下变更：5-7速同步机构81变更为3-5速同步机构81’、3速同步机构82变更为1速同步机构82’、4-5速从动齿轮51变更为3-4速从动齿轮51’、6-7速从动齿轮52变更为5-6速从动齿轮52’、2-3速从动齿轮53变更为1-2速从动齿轮53’。这以外的结构与上述变速器4的结构相同。
以上，根据本发明的变速器4、4’，在通过偶数变速级或者奇数变速级的一个驱动齿轮使车辆1起步时，能够不使用马达的转矩而适当地抑制伴随着第2离合器C2或者第1离合器C1的连接而在车辆1中产生的振动。

Claims (5)

1.一种变速器，其具有：
驱动源，其产生驱动车辆的驱动力；
第1输入轴，其通过第1分离接合单元而有选择地与所述驱动源结合；
第2输入轴，其通过第2分离接合单元而有选择地与所述驱动源结合；
第1齿轮组，其由相对旋转自如地设置在所述第1输入轴上的1个或者多个驱动齿轮构成；
第1同步接合机构，其使属于所述第1齿轮组的任意一个驱动齿轮有选择地与所述第1输入轴同步接合；
第2齿轮组，其由相对旋转自如地设置在所述第2输入轴上的1个或者多个驱动齿轮构成；
第2同步接合机构，其使属于所述第2齿轮组的任意一个驱动齿轮有选择地与所述第2输入轴同步接合；
输出轴，在该输出轴上以不能相对旋转的方式设置有与属于所述第1齿轮组以及所述第2齿轮组的各驱动齿轮啮合的1个或者多个从动齿轮；以及
控制装置，其控制所述第1同步接合机构和所述第2同步接合机构，
该变速器的特征在于，
所述控制装置构成为将所述第1同步接合机构控制成：在选择属于所述第2齿轮组的一个驱动齿轮并连接所述第2分离接合单元而使所述车辆起步时，预先使属于所述第1齿轮组的一个驱动齿轮与所述第1输入轴同步接合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其特征在于，
所述控制装置构成为将所述第1同步接合机构控制成：在选择属于所述第2齿轮组的一个驱动齿轮并连接所述第2分离接合单元而使所述车辆起步时，预先使属于所述第1齿轮组的所述驱动齿轮中最低速挡的驱动齿轮与所述第1输入轴同步接合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的变速器，其特征在于，
所述控制装置将所述第1同步接合机构控制成：预先使属于所述第1齿轮组的所述驱动齿轮与所述第1输入轴同步接合，直到所述第2分离接合单元完全连接为止。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任意一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，
在所述第1输入轴上连接有能够驱动该第1输入轴的马达。
5.根据权利要求4所述的变速器，其特征在于，
在所述马达上连接有行星齿轮机构，该行星齿轮机构的太阳轮与该马达的转子一体地旋转，并且行星架与属于所述第1齿轮组的一个驱动齿轮一体地旋转，齿圈通过所述第1同步接合机构而被有选择地约束旋转。
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