CN106982645A - A kind of cultural method of selenium-rich clitocybe maxima - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of selenium-rich clitocybe maxima Download PDFInfo
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- CN106982645A CN106982645A CN201710102195.4A CN201710102195A CN106982645A CN 106982645 A CN106982645 A CN 106982645A CN 201710102195 A CN201710102195 A CN 201710102195A CN 106982645 A CN106982645 A CN 106982645A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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Abstract
The present invention relates to agricultural cultivation technical field, and in particular to a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich clitocybe maxima.A kind of implantation methods for selenium-rich clitocybe maxima that the present invention is provided, inorganic selenium solution is added in the planting material for making clitocybe maxima, planting material is fermented by using Mixed Microbes, accelerated degradation raw material has the rapid conversion of inorganic selenium material, make full use of the nutrient content of the planting material containing selenium, make clitocybe maxima abundant containing selenium, improve clitocybe maxima nutritive value, increase the economic benefit of peasant.Compared with prior art, the present invention clitocybe maxima selenium content planting out is high, unique flavor in good taste, there is very high edible nourishing value.
Description
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to agricultural cultivation technical field, and in particular to a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich clitocybe maxima.
【Background technology】
Clitocybe maxima is a kind of more typical wild edible fungus, also known as Clitocybe Maxima, big funnel mushroom, with being grown in a cluster in woods
On, gather edible by the producing region people.Because of its unique flavor, there is clear and melodious like as bamboo shoots, it is satiny as pork tripe, thus be referred to as
" bamboo shoot mushroom " and " clitocybe maxima ".
The fructification of clitocybe maxima has clear and melodious, refreshing tender, delicious mouthfeel, and its protein content and asparagus etc. are similar.Its bacterium
Amino acid content is 17% or so of dry in lid, wherein 8 kinds of essential amino acids account for the 45% of total amino acid content, compared with one
As edible mushroom will height, its leucine, isoleucine content occupy the hat of general edible mushroom；Fat content is 11% or so；Its stem
Conversion sugared content is up to 48%, and the abundant and comprehensive of its nutrition is known enough.In addition, also containing several to people in mug destroying angel
The beneficial trace element of body, such as cobalt, barium, copper, zinc and phosphorus, iron, calcium, wherein most element for regulation human nutrition balance,
Promote in terms of metabolism, offer function, there is the important function that other elements are irreplaceable.Such as a long period, in society
Popular benefit iron, replenish the calcium, the food such as zinc supplementation including oral liquid etc., wherein having synthetic, substantially it is difficult to be played to human body
The effect of " benefit ", and mentioned component contained in edible mushroom, then due to natural sex, vegetal reason, its elemental substance point
Minor structure is small, and can directly be absorbed by the body utilization, this be other kinds of same element it is incomparable.Pork tripe massee fruiting bodies
It is clear and melodious fresh and tender, marketing fresh and tank processed
In artificial cultivation, fructification undergoes rod phase → ailhead phase → cup phase → maturation from former base formation to full maturity
4 stages of phase.Former base forms initial white, spherical or oval, is afterwards rod, is embedded in earthing, and grey is changed into simultaneously after being unearthed
Constantly intensification to dark brown, then former base differentiates cap and stem, and in ailhead shape, fast growing period is entered later, is stretched out
Long handle funnel-form, enters fast growing period later, stretches out the cap of long handle funnel-form or goblet shape.It is now picking time.
Cap is stretched over that bacterial context is thinning again after this phase, and lighter, as quality decline, maturity period are clear and melodious fresh and tender, nutritious,
There is the fragrance of uniqueness when baking or the cooking, so very popular since delivering city.15-32 DEG C of fruiting temperature, with 22-28
DEG C preferably, high term is produced as with the spring and summer autumn.
Without illumination, but under the conditions of complete darkness, fruit body primordium can not be formed mycelial growth, and illumination deficiency former base is not
It can break up, bar-shaped former base just differentiates cap when only illumination is sufficient.Therefore, the necessary illumination of mushroom house is sufficient, but can not direct projection
Light.Clitocybe Maxima needs the thorn of certain density carbon dioxide from the starting of fruit body primordium formation unlike other edible mushrooms
Swash, otherwise be difficult to be formed.Therefore, necessary earthing in cultivation, so that carbon dioxide is in the accumulation on material top layer.When former base is enlarged into
, it is necessary to which sufficient oxygen can just break up after rod.Mycelial growth thermophilic is 26~28 DEG C, 23~32 DEG C of sporophore growth thermophilic,
Higher than mycelial growth, belong to the mushroom class of high temperature fruiting, fruit-body formation is not required to thermal stimulation.Most suitable water content of substrate 60%~
65%, fruiting phase relative humidity of atomsphere requires that more other edible mushrooms are relatively low, is 80%~90%.But, it is desirable to overburden layer moisture
It is sufficient.
Selenium is a kind of chemical element, and chemical symbol is Se, and period 4 VI A races are located in the periodic table of chemical element, are
It is a kind of nonmetallic.Nutrient and plant are beneficial necessary to may be used as light-sensitive material, electrolytic manganese industry catalyst, animal body
Nutrient etc..Selenium is divided into two kinds in the existing way of nature：Inorganic selenium and vegetable active selenium.Inorganic selenium refers generally to selenous acid
Sodium and sodium selenate, are obtained from the byproduct of metal mineral reserves；The latter is that selenium is combined into by bioconversion with amino acid, typically
Exist in the form of selenomethionine.Because the organ of long-term storage selenium is not present in selenium in human body, the selenium needed for body should be continuous
The selenium of sufficient amount is obtained from diet, the balance of selenium concentration has important protection to make the physiological function of many organs, tissue
With and facilitation.
Nutrition expert show that the content standard value of blood selenium is 0.10mg/kg in human body, less than this value by experiment repeatedly
Will occur selenium deficiency disease.And there is 29% regional selenium content per capita in China in below 0.02mg/kg, it is determined as extreme selenium deficiency area, have
43% regional human body value containing selenium is selenium deficiency area, in other words, there is 72% area in China between 0.03-0.04mg/kg
Totally 15 provinces and regions are threatened by selenium deficiency.
And the universal Se content of clitocybe maxima sold on the market at present is not enough, it is difficult to meet modern and pursue health care and high-quality
The demand of clitocybe maxima.
【The content of the invention】
The goal of the invention of the present invention is：In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich clitocybe maxima,
The clitocybe maxima selenium content that this method plants out is high, unique with mouthfeel, the characteristics of nutritious.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of cultural method of selenium-rich clitocybe maxima, its planting process is as follows：
(1) prepared by planting material：It is well mixed after taking selenium-rich raw material broken, mixed selenium-rich raw material is then adjusted into water content
To 40-60%, it is subsequently placed in and ferments 5-10 days at room temperature, contains being dried after the selenium-rich high-temperature steam sterilization after fermentation to moisture
Measure as 15-25%, finally packed dried planting material with culture polybag, and produce cultivation after sack is tied
Material, it is standby；
(2) strain improvement：Pork tripe mushroom strains are linked into natural medium and cultivate 20-25 days, are then moved into mixed
Close and produce clitocybe maxima cultigen after cultivation being enlarged in culture medium 30-42 days, it is standby；
(3) bacterium germination culture：Clitocybe maxima cultigen is linked into planting material and obtains clitocybe maxima bacterium bag, mushroom house progress is subsequently placed into
Bacterium germination culture culture 25-35 days, the mushroom house temperature control is in 23-35 DEG C, humid control in 65%-80%；
(4) management of producing mushroom：Bacterium germination culture carries out rocker fruiting after terminating to clitocybe maxima bacterium bag, first tightens clitocybe maxima bacterium bag bag
Mouthful, then clitocybe maxima bacterium bag is hung on the frame of mushroom house, and bag staggers above and below making, and sets rear dosing open, is open S-shaped,
Every bag is opened 20-30 mouthfuls, after timing daily after clitocybe maxima fruiting to opening atomized water spray, keeps mushroom flower bud moistening, and fruiting process keeps every
1-3 holding air of its ventilation is fresh, has certain light to penetrate in mushroom house, prevents gas concentration lwevel too high and insufficient light is led
Cause to postpone cap divergaence time；
(5) mushroom harvests：After can continuously harvest clitocybe maxima after mushroom body full maturity 4-5 months, afterwards by clitocybe maxima bacterium bag
Remove mushroom house.
Optimization, the selenium-rich raw material is made up of the raw material of following part ratio：35-55 parts of cornstalk, 15-20 parts of bagasse,
3-5 parts of peanut press pulp, 5-10 parts of corn flour, 1-3 parts of lime, inorganic selenium solution 1-2 parts, 10-20 parts of waste mushroom packet, EM bacterium 0.5-2.5
0.5-2.5 parts of part and bacillus subtilis.
More optimize, the inorganic selenium solution is selected from the sodium selenite of feed grade, sodium selenite purity >=98.0%.
More optimize, the mass concentration of the inorganic selenium solution is 1.5-2.5mg/ml.
More optimize, any of the waste mushroom packet in clitocybe maxima waste material bag, asparagus waste material bag, phoenix-tail mushroom waste material bag
Kind.
More optimize, the mixed culture medium presses 1 by natural medium and planting material：1 weight ratio is mixed.
In summary, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
The present invention provides the cultural method of clitocybe maxima, recycles various agricultural residues and life fertilizer to prepare culture
Material, solves the whereabouts of various waste materials, while the problem of solving various waste entrainment environment, and it belongs to inexpensive plantation,
An inexpensive green plantation road is made.
The pork tripe mushroom cultivation method that the present invention is provided, average cultivating rate is high, can significantly improve the yield of unit area, by
In adding cultural method of the present invention using selenium-rich culturing material, mouthfeel is significantly improved.The clitocybe maxima that this method of the present invention plants out
Selenium content is high, and unique with mouthfeel, the characteristics of nutritious, wherein Se content is carried than the average Se content that common in the market is sold
High 25%-30% and not less than national limit standard.
【Embodiment】
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultural method of selenium-rich clitocybe maxima, its planting process is as follows：
(1) prepared by planting material：It is well mixed after taking selenium-rich raw material broken, mixed selenium-rich raw material is then adjusted into water content
To 40%, it is subsequently placed in and ferments 5 days at room temperature, is with drying to moisture after high-temperature steam sterilization the selenium-rich after fermentation
15%, finally dried planting material is packed with culture polybag, and planting material is produced after sack is tied, it is standby；
Wherein, the selenium-rich raw material is made up of the raw material of following part ratio：35 parts of cornstalk, 15 parts of bagasse, peanut press pulp 3
0.5 part of part, 5 parts of corn flour, 1 part of lime, 1 part of inorganic selenium solution, 10 parts of waste mushroom packet, 0.5 part of EM bacterium and bacillus subtilis.
Wherein, the inorganic selenium solution is selected from the sodium selenite of feed grade, sodium selenite purity >=98.0%.It is described inorganic
The mass concentration of selenium solution is 1.5mg/ml.
Wherein, the waste mushroom packet is selected from clitocybe maxima waste material bag.
(2) strain improvement：Pork tripe mushroom strains are linked into natural medium and cultivate 20 days, mixing training is then moved into
Support and produce clitocybe maxima cultigen after cultivation being enlarged in base 30 days, it is standby；
Wherein, mixed culture medium presses 1 by natural medium and planting material：1 weight ratio is mixed.
(3) bacterium germination culture：Clitocybe maxima cultigen is linked into planting material and obtains clitocybe maxima bacterium bag, mushroom house progress is subsequently placed into
Bacterium germination culture culture 25 days, the mushroom house temperature control is in 23 DEG C, humid control 65%；
(4) management of producing mushroom：Bacterium germination culture carries out rocker fruiting after terminating to clitocybe maxima bacterium bag, first tightens clitocybe maxima bacterium bag bag
Mouthful, then clitocybe maxima bacterium bag is hung on the frame of mushroom house, and bag staggers above and below making, and sets rear dosing open, is open S-shaped,
Every bag is opened 20 mouthfuls, after timing daily after clitocybe maxima fruiting to opening atomized water spray, keeps mushroom flower bud moistening, and fruiting process keeps changing daily
1 holding air of gas is fresh, has certain light to penetrate in mushroom house, prevents gas concentration lwevel too high and insufficient light causes to postpone
Cap divergaence time；
(5) mushroom harvests：After can continuously harvest clitocybe maxima 4 months after mushroom body full maturity, clitocybe maxima bacterium bag is moved afterwards
Go out mushroom house.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultural method of selenium-rich clitocybe maxima, its planting process is as follows：
(1) prepared by planting material：It is well mixed after taking selenium-rich raw material broken, mixed selenium-rich raw material is then adjusted into water content
To 60%, it is subsequently placed in and ferments 10 days at room temperature, is with drying to moisture after high-temperature steam sterilization the selenium-rich after fermentation
25%, finally dried planting material is packed with culture polybag, and planting material is produced after sack is tied, it is standby；
Wherein, the selenium-rich raw material is made up of the raw material of following part ratio：55 parts of cornstalk, 20 parts of bagasse, peanut press pulp 5
2.5 parts of part, 10 parts of corn flour, 3 parts of lime, 2 parts of inorganic selenium solution, 20 parts of waste mushroom packet, 2.5 parts of EM bacterium and bacillus subtilis.
Wherein, the inorganic selenium solution is selected from the sodium selenite of feed grade, sodium selenite purity >=98.0%.It is described inorganic
The mass concentration of selenium solution is 2.5mg/ml.
Wherein, the waste mushroom packet is selected from asparagus waste material bag.
(2) strain improvement：Pork tripe mushroom strains are linked into natural medium and cultivate 25 days, mixing training is then moved into
Support and produce clitocybe maxima cultigen after cultivation being enlarged in base 42 days, it is standby；
Wherein, mixed culture medium presses 1 by natural medium and planting material：1 weight ratio is mixed.
(3) bacterium germination culture：Clitocybe maxima cultigen is linked into planting material and obtains clitocybe maxima bacterium bag, mushroom house progress is subsequently placed into
Bacterium germination culture culture 25-35 days, the mushroom house temperature control is in 35 DEG C, humid control 80%；
(4) management of producing mushroom：Bacterium germination culture carries out rocker fruiting after terminating to clitocybe maxima bacterium bag, first tightens clitocybe maxima bacterium bag bag
Mouthful, then clitocybe maxima bacterium bag is hung on the frame of mushroom house, and bag staggers above and below making, and sets rear dosing open, is open S-shaped,
Every bag is opened 30 mouthfuls, after timing daily after clitocybe maxima fruiting to opening atomized water spray, keeps mushroom flower bud moistening, and fruiting process keeps changing daily
3 holding air of gas are fresh, have certain light to penetrate in mushroom house, prevent gas concentration lwevel too high and insufficient light causes to postpone
Cap divergaence time；
(5) mushroom harvests：After can continuously harvest clitocybe maxima 5 months after mushroom body full maturity, clitocybe maxima bacterium bag is moved afterwards
Go out mushroom house.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cultural method of selenium-rich clitocybe maxima, its planting process is as follows：
(1) prepared by planting material：It is well mixed after taking selenium-rich raw material broken, mixed selenium-rich raw material is then adjusted into water content
To 50%, it is subsequently placed in and ferments 8 days at room temperature, is with drying to moisture after high-temperature steam sterilization the selenium-rich after fermentation
20%, finally dried planting material is packed with culture polybag, and planting material is produced after sack is tied, it is standby；
Wherein, the selenium-rich raw material is made up of the raw material of following part ratio：45 parts of cornstalk, 18 parts of bagasse, peanut press pulp 4
1.5 parts of part, 8 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of lime, 1.5 parts of inorganic selenium solution, 15 parts of waste mushroom packet, 1.5 parts of EM bacterium and bacillus subtilis.
Wherein, the inorganic selenium solution is selected from the sodium selenite of feed grade, sodium selenite purity >=98.0%.It is described inorganic
The mass concentration of selenium solution is 2mg/ml.
Wherein, the waste mushroom packet is selected from any of clitocybe maxima waste material bag, asparagus waste material bag, phoenix-tail mushroom waste material bag.
(2) strain improvement：Pork tripe mushroom strains are linked into natural medium and cultivate 22 days, mixing training is then moved into
Support and produce clitocybe maxima cultigen after cultivation being enlarged in base 35 days, it is standby；
Wherein, mixed culture medium presses 1 by natural medium and planting material：1 weight ratio is mixed.
(3) bacterium germination culture：Clitocybe maxima cultigen is linked into planting material and obtains clitocybe maxima bacterium bag, mushroom house progress is subsequently placed into
Bacterium germination culture culture 25-35 days, the mushroom house temperature control is in 28 DEG C, humid control 70%；
(4) management of producing mushroom：Bacterium germination culture carries out rocker fruiting after terminating to clitocybe maxima bacterium bag, first tightens clitocybe maxima bacterium bag bag
Mouthful, then clitocybe maxima bacterium bag is hung on the frame of mushroom house, and bag staggers above and below making, and sets rear dosing open, is open S-shaped,
Every bag is opened 25 mouthfuls, after timing daily after clitocybe maxima fruiting to opening atomized water spray, keeps mushroom flower bud moistening, and fruiting process keeps changing daily
2 holding air of gas are fresh, have certain light to penetrate in mushroom house, prevent gas concentration lwevel too high and insufficient light causes to postpone
Cap divergaence time；
(5) mushroom harvests：After can continuously harvest clitocybe maxima 4.5 months after mushroom body full maturity, afterwards by clitocybe maxima bacterium bag
Remove mushroom house.
The applicant has done lot of experiments in planting process, and part test now is arranged into as follows：
2014-2016, planting experiment is carried out in the clitocybe maxima planting base of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Yulin City Luchuan County,
Experiment sets 4 test groups altogether.
1st group：Using the planting type of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
2nd group：Using the planting type of the embodiment of the present invention 2；
3rd group：Using the planting type of the embodiment of the present invention 3；
4th group：Carried out using local conventional cultivation method；
The situation of clitocybe maxima growth, each data of statistics yield in 1 year, statistics such as table 1 below are observed and recorded in planting process
It is shown.
Each achievement data of the clitocybe maxima planting process of table 1
| Packet | Average cultivating rate % | Average every per mu yield (kg/ mus) | Mouth feel score |
| 1st group | 95% | 819700 | 9.2 |
| 2nd group | 94% | 817550 | 8.8 |
| 3rd group | 93% | 818400 | 9.0 |
| 4th group | 86% | 762800 | 7.1 |
Mouth feel score is randomly selects 100 volunteer's progress, and 10 points of full marks, the high person's mass of score is good.
As can be seen here, the inventive method can significantly improve average cultivating rate, and be significantly improved per per mu yield, in addition, by
In adding cultural method of the present invention using selenium-rich culturing material, mouthfeel is significantly improved.
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described,
Obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Unless otherwise defined, all of technologies and scientific terms used here by the article is with belonging to technical field of the invention
The implication that technical staff is generally understood that is identical.Term used in the description of the invention herein is intended merely to description tool
The purpose of the embodiment of body, it is not intended that in the limitation present invention.Term as used herein " and/or " include one or more phases
The arbitrary and all combination of the Listed Items of pass.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich clitocybe maxima, it is characterised in that its planting process is as follows：
(1) prepared by planting material：It is well mixed after taking selenium-rich raw material broken, then by mixed selenium-rich raw material adjust water content to
40-60%, is subsequently placed in and ferments 5-10 days at room temperature, dry to moisture after the selenium-rich high-temperature steam sterilization after fermentation
For 15-25%, finally dried planting material is packed with culture polybag, and produces planting material after sack is tied,
It is standby；
(2) strain improvement：Pork tripe mushroom strains are linked into natural medium and cultivate 20-25 days, mixing training is then moved into
Support and produce clitocybe maxima cultigen after cultivation being enlarged in base 30-42 days, it is standby；
(3) bacterium germination culture：Clitocybe maxima cultigen is linked into planting material and obtains clitocybe maxima bacterium bag, mushroom house is subsequently placed into and carries out bacterium germination
Culture culture 25-35 days, the mushroom house temperature control is in 23-35 DEG C, humid control in 65%-80%；
(4) management of producing mushroom：Bacterium germination culture carries out rocker fruiting after terminating to clitocybe maxima bacterium bag, first tightens clitocybe maxima bacterium bag sack,
Then clitocybe maxima bacterium bag is hung on the frame of mushroom house, and bag staggers above and below making, and sets rear dosing open, is open S-shaped, every bag
20-30 mouthfuls are opened, after timing daily after clitocybe maxima fruiting to opening atomized water spray, mushroom flower bud moistening is kept, fruiting process keeps changing daily
1-3 holding air of gas is fresh, has certain light to penetrate in mushroom house, prevents gas concentration lwevel too high and insufficient light causes to push away
Slow cap divergaence time；
(5) mushroom harvests：After can continuously harvest clitocybe maxima after mushroom body full maturity 4-5 months, clitocybe maxima bacterium bag is removed afterwards
Mushroom house.
2. a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich clitocybe maxima according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the selenium-rich raw material by with
The raw material composition of lower part ratio：35-55 parts of cornstalk, 15-20 parts of bagasse, 3-5 parts of peanut press pulp, 5-10 parts of corn flour, lime 1-3
0.5-2.5 parts of part, inorganic selenium solution 1-2 parts, 10-20 parts of waste mushroom packet, 0.5-2.5 parts of EM bacterium and bacillus subtilis.
3. a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich clitocybe maxima according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the inorganic selenium solution choosing
From the sodium selenite of feed grade, sodium selenite purity >=98.0%.
4. the cultural method of a kind of selenium-rich clitocybe maxima according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that the inorganic selenium is molten
The mass concentration of liquid is 1.5-2.5mg/ml.
5. the cultural method of a kind of selenium-rich clitocybe maxima according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the waste mushroom packet is selected from pig
Any of tripe mushroom waste material bag, asparagus waste material bag, phoenix-tail mushroom waste material bag.
6. a kind of cultural method of selenium-rich clitocybe maxima according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the mixed culture medium by
Natural medium and planting material press 1：1 weight ratio is mixed.
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| CN108064636A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-05-25 | 江西农业大学 | A kind of method of huge leather ear cultivation matrix and preparation method and the huge leather ear of cultivation |
| CN108718919A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-11-02 | 广西仁泰生物科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of clitocybe maxima |
| CN108834753A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-11-20 | 广西仁泰生物科技有限公司 | A kind of culture material of clitocybe maxima and preparation method thereof |
| CN110447456A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-15 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of selenium-enriched edible mushroom production technology |
| CN111149621A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-15 | 广东新路仕农业科技发展有限公司 | Bamboo shoot mushroom cultivation method using bamboo shoot shells to prepare culture medium |
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