CN108718919A - Cultivation method of clitocybe maxima - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of cultivation method of pig belly mushroom, cultivation step is: (1) prepare cultivation material: add chelated state selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer solution in cultivation material, and mix evenly; The weight ratio of chelated state selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer solution and cultivation material is 20:500; the chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer solution is obtained by mixing the chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer with clear water, and the volume ratio of the chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer to clear water is 3:2000; then the water content of the cultivation material is adjusted to 55% ~65%; then pack it in a plastic bag with a plastic collar stuffed with cotton or tie the mouth with yarn to get the bacteria bag; (2) Sterilization of the bacteria bag: (3) Inoculation; (4) Bacteria management; (5) Fruiting management; (6) Disease and pest control; (7) Picking and post-processing. The pig belly mushroom cultivated by the pig method has high yield and good quality.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of pork belly mushroom

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating pig belly mushrooms.

Background technique

Big Cup Mushroom (Latin scientific name Clitocybe maxima ), also known as Big Cup Umbrella, Big Funnel Funnel; common names are Pork Belly Mushroom, Bamboo Shoot Mushroom (Fujian), and Red Silver Pan (Shanxi). Cup mushroom is a relatively common wild edible fungus, which grows in groups on the ground in the forest and is collected and eaten by people in the producing areas. Because of its unique flavor, crisp like bamboo shoots and creamy like pork belly, it is called "bamboo shoot mushroom" and "pork belly mushroom".

The fruit body of pork belly mushroom has a crisp, tender and delicious taste, and its protein content is similar to that of Flammulina velutipes. The amino acid content in the cap is about 17% of the dry matter, among which 8 kinds of essential amino acids account for 45% of the total amino acid, which is higher than that of common edible fungi, and its content of leucine and isoleucine ranks first in common edible fungi The crown; the fat content is about 11%; the invert sugar content of its stipe is as high as 48%, which is enough to know its rich and comprehensive nutrition. In addition, the big cup umbrella fruit body also contains several trace elements that are beneficial to the human body, such as cobalt, barium, copper, zinc, phosphorus, iron, calcium, etc., most of which are important for regulating the nutritional balance of the human body, promoting metabolism, and providing functions, etc. On the one hand, it plays an important role that other elements cannot replace. For example, for a period of time, foods such as iron supplementation, calcium supplementation, and zinc supplementation that have been popular in the society include oral liquids, etc., among which there are synthetic ones, which are essentially difficult to "replenish" the human body. Due to the natural and plant-based reasons, the molecular structure of the element substances is small and can be directly absorbed and utilized by the human body, which is unmatched by other types of elements of the same kind. Porcini mushroom fruiting bodies are crisp and tender, and can be sold fresh or canned. In artificial cultivation, the fruiting bodies go through four stages from the formation of primordium to full maturity: rod-shaped stage→nail head stage→cup-shaped stage→mature stage. The primordium is white, spherical or oval at the beginning, and later becomes rod-shaped, buried in the overburden, and turns gray after unearthed and gradually deepens to dark brown. After entering the rapid growth period, it stretches out a long-stalked funnel-shaped cap.

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that pork belly mushroom has the effects of lowering blood pressure and eliminating edema: 1. Supplementary nutrition: Pork belly mushroom contains a large amount of amino acids and mineral elements necessary for the human body. Regular food can supplement nutrition and is very good for human health. 2. Diuretic and swelling: The trace elements contained in pork belly mushroom can play a very good therapeutic effect on edema, frequent urination and other symptoms. 3. Can lower blood pressure: Porcini mushrooms are rich in nutrients, high in protein and vitamins, but low in fat. Regular consumption can have a certain therapeutic effect on high blood pressure.

In view of the rich nutrition of pork belly mushroom, its protein content is similar to that of Flammulina velutipes, especially the amino acid content in the cap is about 17% of the dry matter. The amount of 45% (higher than that of common edible fungi), the fruiting body of Pork belly mushroom also contains several trace elements beneficial to the human body, although the fruiting body of Pork belly mushroom has a crisp, refreshing and delicious taste, its flavor is unique Fresh and tender, it has become a favorite recipe of urban residents and hotels and restaurants in many places (pork belly mushroom has a large body, crisp and tender taste, sweet and light taste, and has a unique fragrance when baked or cooked, especially The first-class choice of hot pot ingredients is very popular among consumers). Due to the strong consumption demand, the wild Pork belly mushroom has been unable to meet the consumption demand, therefore, people adopt the artificial cultivation of Pork belly mushroom. Open literature has also reported the cultivation techniques of some Porcini mushrooms, such as:

1. Chinese patent: A high-yield and high-quality pig belly mushroom special cultivation material formula and industrial cultivation method, application number: 201610291393.5, application date: 2016.05.05, applicant: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, address: 350007 Cang, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province Jinshan School District, Jianxin Town, Shanshan District, Inventors: Liu Penghu, Zhong Zhulan, Yu Shenkai, Huang Xiusheng, Weng Boqi, Jiang Zhihe, Abstract: A special cultivation material formula and industrial cultivation method for high-yield and high-quality pork belly mushroom, its characteristics The cultivation material formula is prepared from the following raw materials according to the following parts by weight: 29.5-39.5 parts of fungal residue, 29.5-39.5 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of wheat hulls, 1 part of calcium carbonate and 10-30 parts of breeding litter; its factory The chemical cultivation method includes the following process steps: selection of cultivation sites; preparation of raw materials; processing of raw materials; cultivation of mushroom houses and harvesting of mushrooms. The invention can meet the development needs of high-efficiency cultivation of porcini mushrooms. The output of porcini mushrooms is increased by 45.46%, the flower weight is increased by 18.61%, and the total amount of aromatic amino acids is increased by 8.93%, which is beneficial to realize the resource utilization of cultured bedding materials, and the source of raw materials It is easy, low in cost, does not add cow dung and straw, can realize high-quality and high-yield cultivation without pollution, is beneficial to solve the problem of shortage of raw materials, and achieves the purpose of high quality and low price.

2. Chinese patent: Cultivation material and cultivation method for increasing yield and amino acid content of Porcini mushroom, application number: 201610980029.X, application date: 2016.11.08, applicant: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, address: 350002 Cangshan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province No. 15, Shangxiadian Road, inventors Liu Penghu, Zhong Zhulan, Yan Zhenlan, Huang Xiaoli, Weng Boqi, Lei Jingui, abstract: The invention relates to a cultivation material for increasing the yield and amino acid content of pork belly mushroom, which consists of water and the following weight ratio The raw materials are mixed, and the raw materials include: 10-15 parts of fungus residue, 22-25 parts of wood chips, 28-32 parts of cottonseed hulls, 8-12 parts of chicken manure power generation ash, 20-25 parts of bran, 0.5 parts of calcium carbonate - 1.5 parts, 0.5-1.5 parts of lime, the mass percentage of water in the cultivation material is 62-68%, and the pH value is 7.5-8. The invention overcomes the disadvantages of low yield and amino acid content (poor freshness) caused by poor cultivation materials and cultivation methods for the production of pork belly mushrooms, and has the advantages of simultaneously increasing the yield and amino acid content of pork belly mushrooms with low cost The advantages.

3. Chinese patent: a preparation method of pork belly mushroom supplementation material, application number: 201110149835. X, application date: 2011.05.25, applicant: Li Mingyuan, address: No. 734, Team 4, Maocun Village, Maocun Town, Tongshan County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221100, Inventor: Li Mingyuan, abstract: A method for preparing pig belly mushroom supplementary nutrients , it is composed of: rapeseed cake powder, sorghum cake powder, wheat straw powder, dried rabbit dung, sawdust, sucrose, calcium carbonate, bran, gypsum powder, corn gluten powder, puffed powder, hawthorn powder, the percentage is Percentage by weight; the cost of this supplementary nutrient is low, the material is easy to get, the formula and the preparation method are simple, a large amount of beneficial microorganisms produced in the batching and the granular organic fertilizer in the batching can meet the growth and development needs of the pork belly mushroom, and the pork belly produced The mushrooms are big, heavy, and grow fast. The grown pork belly mushrooms are tender, delicious and nutritious.

4. Chinese patent: a pig belly mushroom cultivation base and its preparation method, application number 201310508985.4, application date: 2013.10.24, applicant: Shao Youde, address: 234000 Houshao Group, Gengjia Village, Taogou Township, Yongqiao District, Suzhou City, Anhui Province No. 13, Inventor: Shao Youde, Abstract: The present invention relates to a pig belly mushroom cultivation base prepared from the following component raw materials in parts by weight: broad-leaved wood chips 28-35, wheat bran 15-20, bean curd residue 7-14, Monosodium glutamate bacterial protein 3-5, lychee core particles 5-10, pineapple peel 12-15, silkworm excrement 4-6, dried poultry manure 13-18, pine needle powder 5-8, montmorillonite powder 1-2, quicklime 1- 2. Superphosphate 0.5-1, diatomaceous earth 1-2, nutritional additives 5-10. The cultivation base of the present invention has a wide range of sources of main materials, low cost, multiple nutritional elements, rich ingredients, synergistic effect with nutritional additives, easy absorption by bacteria, improved biotransformation rate, richer nutrition, and yield per kilogram of cultivation base material. The bacteria rate is 60-75% higher than that of conventional cultivation materials, and the bacteria are thick and strong with strong stress resistance.

5. Chinese patent: a method for cultivating selenium-enriched pork belly mushroom, application number: 201710102195.4, application date: 2017.02.24, applicant: Guangxi Fengxiong Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. Address 537000 Education Middle Road, Yuzhou District, Yulin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Room 1102, Unit 5, Building B5, Shengye Homeland, No. 386, Inventor: Chen Gengxin, Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of agricultural product planting technology, in particular to a method for cultivating selenium-enriched pork belly mushroom. The invention provides a planting method of selenium-enriched pork belly mushroom, adding inorganic selenium solution to the cultivation method of making pork belly mushroom, and fermenting the cultivation material by using mixed bacteria to accelerate the rapid conversion of degraded raw materials to inorganic selenium substances, The nutrient content of the selenium-containing cultivation material is fully utilized to enrich the selenium content of the pork belly mushroom, improve the nutritional value of the pork belly mushroom, and increase the economic benefits of farmers. Compared with the prior art, the pig belly mushroom planted by the invention has high selenium content, good taste and unique flavor, and high edible nutritional value.

6. Chinese patent: a planting method of pork belly mushroom, application number: 201711035684.9, application date: 2017.10.30, applicant: Guangxi Longzhou Beibuwan Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd., address: 532400 Longzhou County, Chongzuo City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Corn Farm in Xiadong Town, Inventors: Huang Xin, Yang Qing, Abstract: The invention discloses a planting method of pork belly mushroom, which includes the following steps: (1) preparing compost; (2) preparing fungus bags: using plastic bag, wrap the culture material, then pour water on the culture material, then puncture the plastic bag to let the excess water flow out until the culture material is wet, and then clean the plastic bag containing the culture material Sterilize, inoculate Porcini mushrooms immediately after sterilizing, and do fungal treatment after inoculation to obtain Porcini mushroom mycelia; (3) Transplant: Transplant after the mycelium is covered with plastic bags, and transplant the mycelia to the furrow , and cover the overlying soil, and water until the soil is moist; (4) Post-management: After the mycelium is transplanted, build a sunshade net above the mycelium, and water in time to keep the soil moist, and wait until the pork belly mushroom grows into a cup shape. Harvest. The invention proposes an efficient and scientific planting method of pork belly mushrooms, and realizes the scientific planting of pork belly mushrooms by refining the planting parameters of various pork belly mushrooms.

With the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for high-quality pork belly mushrooms is also increasing. How to cultivate and obtain high-quality Pork Belly Mushroom is a subject of research by people. It has been found through research that the cultivation material is the prerequisite for cultivating high-quality Pork belly mushrooms.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method of pig belly mushroom. The method for cultivating the pig belly mushroom has high yield and good quality of the pig belly mushroom.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved in that:

A kind of cultivation method of pig belly mushroom, its cultivation step is:

(1) Prepare the cultivation material: add the chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer solution to the cultivation material, and mix well; the weight ratio of the chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer solution to the cultivation material is 20:500; the chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer solution is It is obtained by mixing chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer with clear water, the volume ratio of chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer and clear water is 3:2000; then the water content of the cultivation material is adjusted to 55% to 65%; then bagged with plastic bags, bagged Use a plastic collar to stuff cotton or tie the mouth with yarn to get a bacteria bag, about 2.5 catties in the bacteria bag;

(2) Sterilization of bacterial packs: After obtaining the bacterial packs, sterilize them in a stove in time, and put them in a high-temperature and normal-pressure sterilization stove at 100°C for 16 to 20 hours;

(3) Inoculation: When the material temperature naturally drops to 60°C, move the bacteria bag to the sterile room while it is still hot, and then inoculate when the material temperature cools down to 28°C; 800 liters of bacteria can receive 20,000 bacteria bags ;

(4) Bacteria management: After inoculation, the bacteria bags are placed upright on the shelves of the culture room for dark cultivation. The indoor temperature is controlled at 25°C~28°C, and the relative air humidity is 75%~85%. Avoid excessive indoor temperature fluctuations; in the later stage, ventilation and ventilation should be strengthened to keep the indoor air fresh; Bacteria bags with dead species or abnormal growth; under normal circumstances, the mycelia can fill up the fungus bags within 40-45 days;

(5) Mushroom fruiting management: 10 days after the mycelium has filled the cultivation bag, and when the temperature is stable above 20°C, the opening of the bag can be untied, and the surface of the culture material can be covered with soil; the thickness of the covered soil is 3-4 cm; Put the covered soil in the sun until it turns white, then add water to adjust the humidity of the soil particles, so that the soil particles are pinched flat but not scattered; fold down the upper part of the fungus bag after covering the soil, so that the edge of the bag is 2~ above the soil surface 3 cm, and arrange the processed mushroom bags evenly and vertically on the outdoor border or indoor fruiting bed frame; after covering the soil, keep the covering soil moist, and close the doors and windows or cover more films to stimulate the differentiation of primordium; generally cover the soil After 7-10 days, the primordium can be exposed to the soil surface; after the primordium is unearthed, the relative air humidity of the site should be controlled at 80% to 90%; if the relative air humidity is lower than 75%, the top of the primordium is easy to crack and the cap cannot be differentiated At the same time, strengthen ventilation, keep the air in the site fresh, and pay attention to make the site have a certain amount of scattered light; if the concentration of carbon dioxide is too high and the light is insufficient, the differentiation time of the cap will be delayed, causing the stipe to be too long; the temperature of the site during the whole fruiting stage should be controlled Between 23°C and 32°C; the amount of water sprayed depends on the size of the mushroom body, the humidity of the covering soil, and the climate conditions. Spray more water on the mushrooms; spray less water on the mushrooms, spray more on sunny days, and less on cloudy days; Flexibly control the ventilation rate, increase the ventilation rate in sequence at each stage of stipe unearthed, cap formation, and growth; the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom house can be kept at 85-95%; Humic acid and soil are stacked and fermented at room temperature for one week. The weight ratio of cow dung, bone meal, humic acid and soil is: 5:1:0.1: (50~80); after fermentation, it is crushed until the diameter of the soil particle is 1.5~ 2.0 cm; bone meal is obtained by crushing pig bone or beef bone through a sieve of more than 80 mesh;

(6) Disease and pest control: The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests should follow the principle of prevention first and comprehensive control; during the mycelial growth stage, focus on preventing various molds from invading the medium and causing pollution; except for the production environment, raw and auxiliary materials, and production processes, strict In addition to carrying out according to the requirements, it should be noted that the bacteria check should not be too frequent; because the air exchange between the inside and outside of the bag is caused by turning over the bacteria bag during the bacteria check, which will increase the probability of contamination; After covering the pile of spores with gauze or cloth soaked in 75% alcohol, gently remove the contaminated bacteria bag for outdoor treatment; strictly prevent the spores from floating in the space, causing large-scale pollution; during the growth stage of fruiting bodies, focus on the prevention and control of various pests; Mainly all kinds of mushroom flies and mushroom mosquitoes; the control method is mainly to improve environmental sanitation and eliminate insect sources; the doors and windows of mushroom houses are nailed with 60-mesh nylon yarn to cut off the invasion of pests; yellow boards are hung on the site to trap and kill flies, Mosquitoes, or use electronic mosquito killers, high-voltage electrostatic insect killer lamps, and black light lamps to trap and kill them; pesticides should not be sprayed during the growth and development of fruiting bodies to ensure that the products are harmless;

(7) Picking and post-processing: Harvest the mushrooms in time when they are mature. After harvesting each damp mushroom, cover the soil in time. After 3-5 days without water, the mushrooms will be managed at low tide.

The cultivation material in step (1) is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of wood bran, 15-25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10-25 parts of bran, 10-25 parts of corncobs, 1-25 parts of lime 2 parts, 0.5-1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate, 0.5-1 part of perlite crumbs; the corncob crumbs are the slag left after threshing with corn cobs and crushed into a particle size of less than 0.5 cm; The crumbs are crushed with perlite and have a particle size of less than 3mm.

Before adjusting the water content of the cultivation material in step (1), first add carrot puree and pineapple peel puree, and the weight ratio of carrot puree, pineapple peel puree to the cultivation material is (3-8):(5-15):100; The carrot puree and pineapple peel puree are obtained by crushing the skins of carrots and pineapple respectively with a cooking machine.

The preparation process of described cultivation material is:

(1) Take 30-50 parts by weight of wood bran, 15-25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10-25 parts of bran, 10-25 parts of corncobs, 1-2 parts of lime, 0.5-1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate 0.5-1 part perlite granules;

(2) Mix wood bran, cottonseed hulls and corncobs evenly, and place them on the cement field to build a heap; spray water evenly, and let it ferment naturally; after 3 to 5 days, perform the first turn over, turn over the pile Strive to reverse the positions of the inner and outer materials, and the upper and lower materials to achieve uniform fermentation; after that, turn the pile and water once every 3 days to make the wood fiber expand and soften, and use the fermentation of microorganisms in the pile to decompose the fiber initially. The entire fermentation process takes 15 to 20 days. get fermented material;

(3) Mix the fermented material with bran, lime, light calcium carbonate and perlite granules evenly to obtain the cultivation material.

Preferably: the wood chaff uses the sawdust obtained after the mulberry tree is pulverized by a grinder, and the sawdust of the pine tree can also be used.

Chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer uses Jufu selenium chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer, which is a new type of selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer developed and produced by Guilin Guizhu Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Address: No. 2, Hongyuan Road, Suqiao Industrial Park, Guilin, Jufu selenium chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer is also a product developed by Guangxi scientific research and technology development plan project, and a product recommended by Guangxi Selenium-enriched Agricultural Products Association.

The cultivation material that the cultivation method of pig belly mushroom of the present invention adopts is to utilize wood bran, cottonseed husk, bran, corn cob granule, lime, light calcium carbonate and perlite granule to make; Corn cob crumbs are evenly mixed and fermented to obtain a fermented material; the fermented material is evenly mixed with bran, lime, light calcium carbonate and perlite granules to obtain a premix; then the selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer solution is added to the premix Mix well in the medium to obtain the mixture; add chelate and then add selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer solution to enrich the selenium in the cultivation material, and the selenium content of the cultivated porcini mushroom should be stable within the range of 0.15～2.0mg/kg, which meets the requirements of selenium-enriched edible fungus selenium. content standard. Pork belly mushrooms are in the high temperature season, the water evaporates greatly, and the water loss is serious. After the bacterial bag loses water, the bacterial bag shrinks and mycelium breaks, which often results in the production of the first and second tidal mushrooms. Due to the lack of water in the bacterial bag, the output is sharp Decline; after the cultivation method of this application pig belly mushroom adds fine granular perlite, because of its strong water absorption and fertilizer retention performance, the water content of the bacteria bag can be improved, the effectiveness of selenium fertilizer can be increased, and the aeration etc. of the bacteria bag can be increased. It is conducive to the growth of mycelia and increases the output of pork belly mushrooms. The produced pork belly mushrooms are thick and heavy. The average weight of a single pork belly mushroom is 58.8g. Five tides of pork belly mushrooms can be harvested, and the defective rate is less than 3 %. The cultivation method of the pig belly mushroom further adds carrot puree and pineapple peel puree, adding carrot puree and pineapple peel puree makes the cultivation substrate more nutritious, supplements vitamins for the pig belly mushroom, and the selenium-enriched pig belly mushroom produced is more fresh and tender, with a good taste better.

Detailed ways

In order to introduce the present invention in more detail, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

Example 1

The following steps can be used to cultivate high-quality pork belly mushrooms:

(1) Prepare the cultivation material: add the chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer solution to the cultivation material, and mix well; the weight ratio of the chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer solution to the cultivation material is 20:500; the chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer solution is It is obtained by mixing chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer with clear water, the volume ratio of chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer and clear water is 3:2000; then the water content of the cultivation material is adjusted to 55% to 65%; then bagged with plastic bags, bagged The mouth is stuffed with plastic collar or tied with yarn to get the bacterial bag;

(2) Sterilization of bacterial packs: After obtaining the bacterial packs, sterilize them in a stove in time, and put them in a high-temperature and normal-pressure sterilization stove at 100°C for 16 to 20 hours;

(3) Inoculation: When the material temperature naturally drops to 60°C, move the bacteria bag to the sterile room while it is still hot, and inoculate when the material temperature cools down to 28°C;

(4) Bacteria management: After inoculation, the bacteria bags are placed upright on the shelves of the culture room for dark cultivation. The indoor temperature is controlled at 25°C~28°C, and the relative air humidity is 75%~85%. Avoid excessive indoor temperature fluctuations; in the later stage, ventilation and ventilation should be strengthened to keep the indoor air fresh; Dead seeds or bacteria bags with abnormal growth;

(5) Mushroom fruiting management: 10 days after the mycelium fills the cultivation bag, and when the temperature is stable above 20°C, the opening of the bag can be untied, and the surface of the culture material can be covered with soil; the thickness of the covered soil is 3-4 cm; Cover the soil with moisture, and close the doors and windows or cover more films to stimulate the differentiation of the primordium; generally, the primordium can be exposed to the soil surface 7 to 10 days after the soil is covered; If the relative humidity is lower than 75%, the top of the primordia is prone to cracking, which will cause the caps to fail to differentiate; at the same time, strengthen ventilation, keep the air in the site fresh, and pay attention to make the site have a certain amount of scattered light; too high a carbon dioxide concentration and insufficient light will delay the growth of bacteria. The differentiation time of the cover causes the stipe to be too long; the temperature of the site during the whole fruiting stage should be controlled at 23°C~32°C; the amount of water sprayed should be determined according to the size of the mushroom body, the humidity of the covering soil and the climate conditions. Spray water, spray more on sunny days and less on cloudy days; flexibly control the ventilation rate according to the different growth stages of the mushroom body, and increase the ventilation rate in sequence at each stage of the unearthed stipe, the formation of the cap, and the growth; the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom house is kept at 85-95 % is enough;

(6) Disease and pest control: The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests should follow the principle of prevention first and comprehensive control; during the growth stage of mycelium, focus on preventing various molds from invading the culture medium and causing pollution; during the growth stage of fruiting bodies, focus on controlling various pests; Pesticides shall not be sprayed during the growth and development stage of the entity to ensure that the product is harmless;

(7) Picking and post-processing: Harvest the mushrooms in time when they are mature. After harvesting each damp mushroom, cover the soil in time. After 3-5 days without water, the mushrooms will be managed at low tide.

The cultivation material in step (1) is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of wood bran, 15-25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10-25 parts of bran, 10-25 parts of corncobs, 1-25 parts of lime 2 parts, 0.5-1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate, 0.5-1 part of perlite crumbs; the corncob crumbs are the slag left after threshing with corn cobs and crushed into a particle size of less than 0.5 cm; The crumbs are crushed with perlite and have a particle size of less than 3mm.

The preparation process of described cultivation material is:

(1) Take 30-50 parts by weight of wood bran, 15-25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10-25 parts of bran, 10-25 parts of corncobs, 1-2 parts of lime, 0.5-1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate 0.5-1 part perlite granules;

(2) Mix wood bran, cottonseed hulls and corncobs evenly, and place them on the cement field to build a heap; spray water evenly, and let it ferment naturally; after 3 to 5 days, perform the first turn over, turn over the pile Strive to reverse the positions of the inner and outer materials, and the upper and lower materials to achieve uniform fermentation; after that, turn the pile and water once every 3 days to make the wood fiber expand and soften, and use the fermentation of microorganisms in the pile to decompose the fiber initially. The entire fermentation process takes 15 to 20 days. get fermented material;

(3) Mix the fermented material with bran, lime, light calcium carbonate and perlite granules evenly to obtain the cultivation material.

Example 2

The following steps can be used to cultivate high-quality pork belly mushrooms:

(1) Prepare the cultivation material: add the chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer solution to the cultivation material, and mix well; the weight ratio of the chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer solution to the cultivation material is 20:500; the chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer solution is It is obtained by mixing chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer with clear water, and the volume ratio of chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer to clear water is 3:2000; then mixed with carrot puree and pineapple peel puree, the weight ratio of carrot puree, pineapple peel puree and cultivation material (3-8): (5-15): 100; the carrot puree and pineapple skin puree are obtained by crushing the skins of carrots and pineapple with a cooking machine; finally, the water content of the cultivation material is adjusted to 55%- 65%; and bagged in plastic bags, the mouth of the bag is stuffed with cotton with a plastic collar or tied with yarn to obtain a bacterial bag;

(2) Sterilization of bacterial packs: After obtaining the bacterial packs, sterilize them in a stove in time, and put them in a high-temperature and normal-pressure sterilization stove at 100°C for 16 to 20 hours;

(3) Inoculation: When the material temperature naturally drops to 60°C, move the bacteria bag to the sterile room while it is still hot, and inoculate when the material temperature cools down to 28°C;

(4) Bacteria management: After inoculation, the bacteria bags are placed upright on the shelves of the culture room for dark cultivation. The indoor temperature is controlled at 25°C~28°C, and the relative air humidity is 75%~85%. Avoid excessive indoor temperature fluctuations; in the later stage, ventilation and ventilation should be strengthened to keep the indoor air fresh; Dead seeds or bacteria bags with abnormal growth;

(5) Mushroom fruiting management: 10 days after the mycelium fills the cultivation bag, and when the temperature is stable above 20°C, the opening of the bag can be untied, and the surface of the culture material can be covered with soil; the thickness of the covered soil is 3-4 cm; Cover the soil with moisture, and close the doors and windows or cover more films to stimulate the differentiation of the primordium; generally, the primordium can be exposed to the soil surface 7 to 10 days after the soil is covered; If the relative humidity is lower than 75%, the top of the primordia is prone to cracking, which will cause the caps to fail to differentiate; at the same time, strengthen ventilation, keep the air in the site fresh, and pay attention to make the site have a certain amount of scattered light; too high a carbon dioxide concentration and insufficient light will delay the growth of bacteria. The differentiation time of the cover causes the stipe to be too long; the temperature of the site during the whole fruiting stage should be controlled at 23°C~32°C; the amount of water sprayed should be determined according to the size of the mushroom body, the humidity of the covering soil and the climate conditions. Spray water, spray more on sunny days and less on cloudy days; flexibly control the ventilation rate according to the different growth stages of the mushroom body, and increase the ventilation rate in sequence at each stage of the unearthed stipe, the formation of the cap, and the growth; the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom house is kept at 85-95 % is enough;

(6) Disease and pest control: The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests should follow the principle of prevention first and comprehensive control; during the growth stage of mycelium, focus on preventing various molds from invading the culture medium and causing pollution; during the growth stage of fruiting bodies, focus on controlling various pests; Pesticides shall not be sprayed during the growth and development stage of the entity to ensure that the product is harmless;

(7) Picking and post-processing: Harvest the mushrooms in time when they are mature. After harvesting each damp mushroom, cover the soil in time. After 3-5 days without water, the mushrooms will be managed at low tide.

The cultivation material in step (1) is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of wood bran, 15-25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10-25 parts of bran, 10-25 parts of corncobs, 1-25 parts of lime 2 parts, 0.5-1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate, 0.5-1 part of perlite crumbs; the corncob crumbs are the slag left after threshing with corn cobs and crushed into a particle size of less than 0.5 cm; The crumbs are crushed with perlite and have a particle size of less than 3mm.

The preparation process of described cultivation material is:

(1) Take 30-50 parts by weight of wood bran, 15-25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10-25 parts of bran, 10-25 parts of corncobs, 1-2 parts of lime, 0.5-1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate 0.5-1 part perlite granules;

(2) Mix wood bran, cottonseed hulls and corncobs evenly, and place them on the cement field to build a heap; spray water evenly, and let it ferment naturally; after 3 to 5 days, perform the first turn over, turn over the pile Strive to reverse the positions of the inner and outer materials, and the upper and lower materials to achieve uniform fermentation; after that, turn the pile and water once every 3 days to make the wood fiber expand and soften, and use the fermentation of microorganisms in the pile to decompose the fiber initially. The entire fermentation process takes 15 to 20 days. get fermented material;

(3) Mix the fermented material with bran, lime, light calcium carbonate and perlite granules evenly to obtain the cultivation material.

Application example

1. Yang from a Guangxi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. cultivated Pork belly mushrooms. According to his work records, he originally used wood bran, cottonseed hulls, bran, corncob granules, lime and light calcium carbonate to make the cultivation base (without adding Perlite granules), the defective rate of the cultivated pork belly mushroom was as high as 15% or more; later, Yang used the cultivation method of this embodiment, and the cultivated pork belly mushroom had a better color and a sweeter taste. Yang took the selenium-enriched Porcini mushrooms cultivated from the cultivation medium with carrot puree and pineapple peel puree and without carrot puree and pineapple peel puree, cooked them with the same cooking method, and gave them to 10 volunteers to taste. The 10 volunteers agreed that the taste of the selenium-enriched pork belly mushroom cultivated by adding carrot puree and pineapple peel puree to the cultivation medium was better.

Claims (4)

1. a cultivation method of pig stomach mushroom, is characterized in that: cultivation step is: (1) Prepare the cultivation material: add the chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer solution to the cultivation material, and mix well; the weight ratio of the chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer solution to the cultivation material is 20:500; the chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer solution is It is obtained by mixing chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer with clear water, the volume ratio of chelated selenium nutrient liquid fertilizer and clear water is 3:2000; then the water content of the cultivation material is adjusted to 55% to 65%; then bagged with plastic bags, bagged The mouth is stuffed with plastic collar or tied with yarn to get the bacterial bag; (2) Sterilization of bacterial packs: After obtaining the bacterial packs, sterilize them in a stove in time, and put them in a high-temperature and normal-pressure sterilization stove at 100°C for 16 to 20 hours; (3) Inoculation: When the material temperature naturally drops to 60°C, move the bacteria bag to the sterile room while it is still hot, and inoculate when the material temperature cools down to 28°C; (4) Bacteria management: After inoculation, the bacteria bags are placed upright on the shelves of the culture room for dark cultivation. The indoor temperature is controlled at 25°C~28°C, and the relative air humidity is 75%~85%. Avoid excessive indoor temperature fluctuations; in the later stage, ventilation and ventilation should be strengthened to keep the indoor air fresh; Dead seeds or bacteria bags with abnormal growth; (5) Mushroom fruiting management: 10 days after the mycelium fills the cultivation bag, and when the temperature is stable above 20°C, the opening of the bag can be untied, and the surface of the culture material can be covered with soil; the thickness of the covered soil is 3-4 cm; Cover the soil with moisture, and close the doors and windows or cover more films to stimulate the differentiation of the primordium; generally, the primordium can be exposed to the soil surface 7 to 10 days after the soil is covered; If the relative humidity is lower than 75%, the top of the primordia is prone to cracking, which will cause the caps to fail to differentiate; at the same time, strengthen ventilation, keep the air in the site fresh, and pay attention to make the site have a certain amount of scattered light; too high a carbon dioxide concentration and insufficient light will delay the growth of bacteria. The differentiation time of the cover causes the stipe to be too long; the temperature of the site during the whole fruiting stage should be controlled at 23°C~32°C; the amount of water sprayed should be determined according to the size of the mushroom body, the humidity of the covering soil and the climate conditions. Spray water, spray more on sunny days and less on cloudy days; flexibly control the ventilation rate according to the different growth stages of the mushroom body, and increase the ventilation rate in sequence at each stage of the unearthed stipe, the formation of the cap, and the growth; the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom house is kept at 85-95 % is enough; (6) Disease and pest control: The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests should follow the principle of prevention first and comprehensive control; during the growth stage of mycelium, focus on preventing various molds from invading the culture medium and causing pollution; during the growth stage of fruiting bodies, focus on controlling various pests; Pesticides shall not be sprayed during the growth and development stage of the entity to ensure that the product is harmless; (7) Picking and post-processing: Harvest the mushrooms in time when they are mature. After harvesting each damp mushroom, cover the soil in time. After 3-5 days without water, the mushrooms will be managed at low tide. 2. The cultivation method of pig belly mushroom according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cultivation material in step (1) is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of wood bran, 15-25 parts of cotton seed hulls , 10-25 parts of bran, 10-25 parts of corncob crumbs, 1-2 parts of lime, 0.5-1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate, 0.5-1 part of perlite crumbs; The slag left after corn cob threshing is crushed into a particle size of less than 0.5 cm; the perlite crumbs are crushed with perlite to form crumbs with a particle size of less than 3 mm. 3. the cultivation method of pig belly mushroom according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the preparation process of described cultivation material is: (1) Take 30-50 parts by weight of wood bran, 15-25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10-25 parts of bran, 10-25 parts of corncobs, 1-2 parts of lime, 0.5-1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate 0.5-1 part perlite granules; (2) Mix wood bran, cottonseed hulls and corncobs evenly, and place them on the cement field to build a heap; spray water evenly, and let it ferment naturally; after 3 to 5 days, perform the first turn over, turn over the pile Strive to reverse the positions of the inner and outer materials, and the upper and lower materials to achieve uniform fermentation; after that, turn the pile and water once every 3 days to make the wood fiber expand and soften, and use the fermentation of microorganisms in the pile to decompose the fiber initially. The entire fermentation process takes 15 to 20 days. get fermented material; (3) Mix the fermented material with bran, lime, light calcium carbonate and perlite granules evenly to obtain the cultivation material. 4. The cultivation method of pork belly mushroom according to claim 1, characterized in that: before adjusting the water content of the cultivation material in step (1), add carrot puree and pineapple peel puree, carrot puree, pineapple peel puree and cultivation material The weight ratio is (3-8):(5-15):100; the carrot puree and pineapple peel puree are obtained by crushing the skins of carrots and pineapple respectively with a cooking machine.