CN113439613A - Gaster Sus Domestica culture medium material and method for planting Gaster Sus Domestica - Google Patents
Gaster Sus Domestica culture medium material and method for planting Gaster Sus Domestica Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a clitocybe maxima culture medium material and a method for cultivating clitocybe maxima. The culture medium material for the clitocybe maxima comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-40 parts of wood chips, 15-20 parts of waste base materials, 15-20 parts of corncobs, 15-20 parts of wheat husks, 5-10 parts of bagasse and 1.5-2 parts of lime; the waste base material is waste material after pleurotus eryngii, pleurotus geesteranus or oyster mushroom is planted. The clitocybe maxima culture medium material adopts agricultural processing leftovers as main raw materials, is sufficient in quantity and nutrients, and can meet the growth requirement of the clitocybe maxima; the indoor planting technology is adopted, the growth conditions of the mushrooms are strictly controlled, the mushrooms are not influenced by external climate, and the mushrooms can be planted all the year round; the bagasse is used for replacing soil to cover the mycelium, so that the labor amount is reduced, and the cleanness and safety of the product are guaranteed; the planted pork tripe mushroom has the characteristics of high yield, safety, no pollution, cleanness and low deformity rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a clitocybe maxima culture medium material and a method for cultivating clitocybe maxima.
Background
The clitocybe maxima is a common wild edible fungus, also called as clitocybe maxima and clitocybe maxima, grows on the ground in the forest in a group and is collected and eaten by people in the producing area. It is called "bamboo shoot mushroom" and "pork tripe mushroom" because of its unique flavor, crisp like bamboo shoots and smooth like pork tripe. In recent years, the edible fungi in Xiangshan mountain of Guixi city in Jiangxi province are successfully domesticated and cultivated.
The fruiting body of the clitocybe maxima has crisp, fresh and tender and delicious taste, and the protein content of the clitocybe maxima is similar to that of flammulina velutipes and the like. The amino acid content in the mushroom cap is about 17 percent of the dry matter, wherein 8 kinds of essential amino acid of human bodies account for 45 percent of the total amount of the amino acid, the content of the essential amino acid is higher than that of common edible mushrooms, and the leucine and the isoleucine of the mushroom cap are in the crowns of the common edible mushrooms; the fat content is about 11 percent; the content of the mycorrhizal invert sugar reaches 48 percent, and the nutrition is rich and comprehensive. In addition, the fruit body of clitocybe maxima also contains a plurality of trace elements which are beneficial to human bodies, such as cobalt, barium, copper, zinc, phosphorus, iron, calcium and the like, wherein most elements have irreplaceable important roles in the aspects of regulating the nutrition balance of human bodies, promoting metabolism, providing functions and the like, so the demand is higher and higher.
At present, although more and more morchella esculenta is planted artificially, the traditional cultivation field and technology are basically adopted, and the traditional method only can be selected to inoculate and plant in 3-5 months, so that the seasonality exists; meanwhile, the global warming is carried out, the earth temperature changes abnormally, high temperature or low temperature influence is easy to occur in the planting process, and when soil covering is carried out on the mycelium, if the soil layer is selected improperly or laid too thick and the like, deformed mushrooms are easy to generate, and the yield is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the clitocybe maxima culture medium material and the method for planting the clitocybe maxima, the clitocybe maxima culture medium material adopts agricultural processing leftovers as main raw materials, is sufficient in quantity and nutrients, and can meet the growth requirement of the clitocybe maxima; the indoor planting technology is adopted, the growth conditions of the mushrooms are strictly controlled, the mushrooms are not influenced by external climate, and the mushrooms can be planted all the year round; the bagasse is used for replacing soil to cover the mycelium, the labor amount is reduced, the cleanness and the safety of the product are guaranteed, and the planted pork tripe mushroom has the characteristics of high yield, safety, no pollution, cleanness and low deformity rate.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a culture medium material for panus giganteus, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 35-40 parts of wood chips, 15-20 parts of waste base materials, 15-20 parts of corncobs, 15-20 parts of wheat husks, 5-10 parts of bagasse and 1.5-2 parts of lime; the waste base material is waste material after pleurotus eryngii, pleurotus geesteranus or oyster mushroom is planted.
According to the technical scheme, the agricultural processing leftovers are used as main raw materials of the culture medium formula, so that the culture medium formula is sufficient in quantity, easy to collect and complete in nutrients, can meet the growth requirement of the clitocybe maxima, and can realize reutilization of resource wastes; the bagasse provides sufficient carbon source, and residual sugar after processing can promote the growth of the panus giganteus; the waste materials after the pleurotus eryngii, the pleurotus geesteranus or the oyster mushrooms are planted are adopted, and the waste materials are large in quantity, stable in source, convenient to transport and low in cost because the current industrial processing production period is short, most nutrients are not absorbed, and most nutrients are remained in the waste materials.
Further, in the technical scheme, the components comprise the following components in parts by weight: 38 parts of wood chips, 18 parts of waste base materials, 18 parts of corncobs, 16 parts of wheat husks, 8 parts of bagasse and 2 parts of lime.
The invention also provides a method for planting the clitocybe maxima by using the clitocybe maxima culture medium material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of a culture medium: mixing the culture base materials uniformly according to the proportion, adjusting the water content and the pH value, adding the prepared culture base materials into an autoclave, sterilizing for 1.5-2.5h under the conditions of the pressure of 0.12MPa and the temperature of 121 ℃, taking out and naturally cooling for later use;
s2, mushroom house treatment: before material spreading, high-temperature and high-humidity steam is adopted to sterilize the mushroom house for 1-2 h;
s3, paving and sowing: spreading the culture base material cooled in the step S1 on a bed frame in a mushroom house, firstly spreading the culture base material with the first layer thickness of 12-14cm, broadcasting 50-55% of strains, then spreading the culture base material with the second layer thickness of 8-10cm, sowing the rest strains, and finally spreading the culture base material with the third layer thickness of 4-5cm, thereby completing sowing;
s4, spawn running management: after sowing, keeping the temperature in the mushroom house at 22-26 ℃, the air humidity at 75-85% and the culture medium humidity at 62-65%;
s5, fruiting management: covering with a layer of bagasse after the hypha grows full, and keeping the temperature in the mushroom house at 24-28 ℃, the air humidity at 85-95% and the culture medium humidity at 64-68%;
s6, harvesting and processing: harvesting in time when the sporophyte is funnel-shaped, the edge is inward rolled and the spore is not ejected, cutting off the mushroom body on the base material layer and the bottom of the mushroom stem by using scissors during harvesting, and putting the mushroom body into a box, so that the mushroom can be directly sold on the market or frozen and fresh-kept for sale.
In the technical scheme, a full-automatic intelligent electronic control system is adopted to strictly control the indoor air humidity, temperature, illumination, oxygen content, base material humidity and the like of the mushroom house, so that the growth of mushrooms and the absorption of nutrients are facilitated, and the production period can be shortened; the growth condition is controllable, and the cultivation can be carried out all the year round, so that the total yield is increased. The used culture medium material adopts high-pressure sterilization treatment to completely kill the mixed bacteria in the medium material, has no mixed bacteria infection and is more beneficial to the growth of the panus giganteus. The mushroom house is sterilized by high-temperature and high-humidity steam, the sterilization is thorough, the mixed bacteria pollution in the production process can be reduced, the growth of the planted mushrooms is facilitated, and meanwhile, the pure physical method is adopted for sterilization, has no residue, cannot cause pollution to the produced food, and is safe and environment-friendly. The mycelium is covered with bagasse after overgrowing, so that the labor capacity can be reduced; secondly, certain nutrients can be provided, and part of sugar is contained; thirdly, the produced product is safer, because the covering soil is generally taken from farmland or forest land soil, the soil is easy to have pesticide residue or heavy metal exceeding the standard, the covering soil is easy to transfer the harmful substances to the stropharia rugoso-annulata, and the product is unsafe; fourthly, the obtained product is cleaner, and the bottom of the mushroom stem has no soil; fifthly, the mushroom is loose and non-sticky, is beneficial to growth of mushrooms and is not easy to have malformed mushrooms.
Further, in the technical scheme, the water content of the culture medium material in the step S1 is adjusted to 62-65%.
Further, the pH of the culture medium in step S1 of the above technical scheme is adjusted to 7.5-8.5.
Furthermore, in the technical scheme, in the step S4, no light is needed, mechanical pressurization and ventilation are performed for 1-2 hours every day, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is controlled to be lower than 2%.
In the technical scheme, dark treatment is adopted, and the growth of mycelia is facilitated by controlling the concentration of low carbon dioxide.
Further, in the technical scheme, the bagasse in the step S5 is subjected to compost fermentation treatment before use, and the covering thickness is 5-6 cm. Specifically, bagasse is subjected to C/N regulation by urea to be about 25, water content is controlled to be about 65%, the bagasse is piled at room temperature until fermentation, when the temperature of a pile body rises to be above 65 ℃, proper pile turning is carried out, the temperature is kept at about 65 ℃ for 5-7 days, and after the temperature is naturally reduced, fermentation is finished.
In the technical scheme, the bagasse is subjected to high-temperature fermentation treatment, germs in the bagasse can be killed, the pollution of mixed germs is avoided, and meanwhile, the fermented bagasse is loose, free of peculiar smell and clean, a large amount of cellulose is decomposed, nutrients are released, and the absorption of mushrooms is facilitated.
Furthermore, in the technical scheme, the illumination intensity in the step S5 is 300lx-500lx, and mechanical pressurization and ventilation are performed for 3-5h every day.
In the technical scheme, proper illumination is provided at the growth stage of the sporocarp, so that the robust growth of the sporocarp is promoted, and the quality is improved; sufficient oxygen is provided for the growth and development of the fruiting bodies by pressurizing and ventilating the mushroom house, so that the abnormal mushrooms caused by overhigh carbon dioxide can be avoided, and the yield is not influenced.
Furthermore, the mushroom house in the technical scheme is controlled by a full-automatic intelligent electronic control system, and the indoor temperature, the air humidity, the culture medium humidity, the illumination and the ventilation of the mushroom house are automatically controlled according to set conditions.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the clitocybe maxima culture medium material adopts agricultural processing leftovers as main raw materials, is sufficient in quantity and nutrients, can meet the growth requirement of the clitocybe maxima, and simultaneously realizes reutilization of resource wastes;
2. the planting method adopts an indoor planting technology, strictly controls the growth conditions of the mushrooms by using a full-automatic intelligent electronic control system, is not influenced by external climate, and can plant the mushrooms all year round;
3. the mushroom house and the used culture medium are sterilized, so that the medium and the mixed bacteria in the environment are completely killed, the mixed bacteria infection is avoided, the disease control is not needed, the growth of the panus giganteus is facilitated, the quality is good, and the safety is realized;
4. the planting method adopts bagasse for covering, is loose and non-sticky, can reduce the labor amount of earthing, and improves the product appearance and safety;
5. the clitocybe maxima produced by the planting method has the characteristics of high yield, safety, no pollution, cleanness and low deformity rate.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The raw materials in the following examples are all commercially available products and are commercially available, unless otherwise specified. The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples:
example 1
A method for planting panus giganteus in a panus giganteus culture medium comprises the following steps of: 35 parts of wood chips, 20 parts of pleurotus eryngii waste base stock, 15 parts of corncobs, 20 parts of wheat husks, 8.5 parts of bagasse and 1.5 parts of lime.
The mushroom house is controlled by a full-automatic intelligent electronic control system, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of a culture medium: mixing the culture base materials uniformly according to the proportion, adjusting the water content to 62 percent and the pH value to 7.5, adding the prepared culture base materials into an autoclave, sterilizing at the pressure of 0.12MPa and the temperature of 121 ℃ for 1.5, taking out, and naturally cooling for later use;
s2, mushroom house treatment: before material spreading, high-temperature and high-humidity steam is adopted to sterilize and disinfect the mushroom house for 2 hours;
s3, paving and sowing: spreading the culture medium cooled in the step S1 on a bed frame in a mushroom house, firstly spreading the culture medium with the first layer thickness of 12cm, broadcasting 50% of strains, then spreading the culture medium with the second layer thickness of 10cm, sowing the rest strains, and finally spreading the culture medium with the third layer thickness of 4cm, thereby completing sowing;
s4, spawn running management: after sowing, without illumination, mechanically pressurizing and ventilating for 1h every day, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide to be lower than 2%, keeping the temperature in the mushroom house at 22 ℃, the air humidity at 75% and the culture medium humidity at 62%;
s5, fruiting management: covering a layer of fermented bagasse with a thickness of 6cm and a light intensity of 300lx after the hypha grows over, and performing mechanical pressurization and ventilation for 5h every day, wherein the temperature in the mushroom house is kept at 25 ℃, the air humidity is 85%, and the humidity of the culture medium is 65%;
s6, harvesting and processing: harvesting in time when the sporophyte is funnel-shaped, the edge is inward rolled and the spore is not ejected, cutting off the mushroom body on the base material layer and the bottom of the mushroom stem by using scissors during harvesting, and putting the mushroom body into a box, so that the mushroom can be directly sold on the market or frozen and fresh-kept for sale.
Example 2
A method for planting panus giganteus in a panus giganteus culture medium comprises the following steps of: 38 parts of wood chips, 18 parts of pleurotus geesteranus waste base stock, 18 parts of corncobs, 16 parts of wheat bran, 8 parts of bagasse and 2 parts of lime.
The mushroom house is controlled by a full-automatic intelligent electronic control system, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of a culture medium: uniformly mixing the culture base materials according to the proportion, adjusting the water content to 64 percent and the pH value to 8, adding the prepared culture base materials into an autoclave, sterilizing for 2 hours under the conditions of the pressure of 0.12MPa and the temperature of 121 ℃, taking out and naturally cooling for later use;
s2, mushroom house treatment: before material spreading, high-temperature and high-humidity steam is adopted to sterilize the mushroom house for 1.5 h;
s3, paving and sowing: spreading the culture medium cooled in the step S1 on a bed frame in a mushroom house, firstly spreading the culture medium with the first layer thickness of 13cm, broadcasting 55% of strains, then spreading the culture medium with the second layer thickness of 9cm, sowing the rest strains, and finally spreading the culture medium with the third layer thickness of 5cm, thereby completing sowing;
s4, spawn running management: after sowing, without illumination, mechanically pressurizing and ventilating for 1.5h every day, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide to be lower than 2%, keeping the temperature in the mushroom house at 23 ℃, the air humidity at 80% and the culture medium humidity at 64%;
s5, fruiting management: covering a layer of fermented bagasse with a thickness of 5cm and a light intensity of 400lx after the hypha grows over, mechanically pressurizing and ventilating for 4h every day, keeping the temperature in the mushroom house at 26 ℃, the air humidity at 90% and the culture medium humidity at 66%;
s6, harvesting and processing: harvesting in time when the sporophyte is funnel-shaped, the edge is inward rolled and the spore is not ejected, cutting off the mushroom body on the base material layer and the bottom of the mushroom stem by using scissors during harvesting, and putting the mushroom body into a box, so that the mushroom can be directly sold on the market or frozen and fresh-kept for sale.
Example 3
A method for planting panus giganteus in a panus giganteus culture medium comprises the following steps of: 40 parts of wood chips, 15 parts of oyster mushroom waste base stock, 20 parts of corncobs, 15 parts of wheat husks, 8 parts of bagasse and 2 parts of lime.
The mushroom house is controlled by a full-automatic intelligent electronic control system, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of a culture medium: mixing the culture base materials uniformly according to the proportion, adjusting the water content to 65 percent and the pH value to 8.5, adding the prepared culture base materials into an autoclave, sterilizing for 2.5h under the conditions of the pressure of 0.12MPa and the temperature of 121 ℃, taking out and naturally cooling for later use;
s2, mushroom house treatment: before material spreading, high-temperature and high-humidity steam is adopted to sterilize and disinfect the mushroom house for 1 h;
s3, paving and sowing: spreading the culture medium cooled in the step S1 on a bed frame in a mushroom house, firstly spreading the culture medium with the first layer thickness of 14cm, broadcasting 55% of strains, then spreading the culture medium with the second layer thickness of 8cm, sowing the rest strains, and finally spreading the culture medium with the third layer thickness of 4cm, thereby completing sowing;
s4, spawn running management: after sowing, without illumination, mechanically pressurizing and ventilating for 2h every day, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide to be lower than 2%, keeping the temperature in the mushroom house at 24 ℃, the air humidity at 85% and the culture medium humidity at 65%;
s5, fruiting management: covering a layer of fermented bagasse with a thickness of 6cm and an illumination intensity of 500lx after the hypha grows over, and performing mechanical pressurization and ventilation for 3h every day, wherein the temperature in the mushroom house is kept at 27 ℃, the air humidity is 95%, and the humidity of the culture medium is 67%;
s6, harvesting and processing: harvesting in time when the sporophyte is funnel-shaped, the edge is inward rolled and the spore is not ejected, cutting off the mushroom body on the base material layer and the bottom of the mushroom stem by using scissors during harvesting, and putting the mushroom body into a box, so that the mushroom can be directly sold on the market or frozen and fresh-kept for sale.
Comparative example 1
A method for planting panus giganteus comprises the following steps of culture medium materials in parts by weight: 38 parts of wood chips, 18 parts of pleurotus geesteranus waste base stock, 18 parts of corncobs, 16 parts of wheat bran, 8 parts of bagasse and 2 parts of lime.
The mushroom house is controlled by a full-automatic intelligent electronic control system, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of a culture medium: uniformly mixing the culture base materials according to the proportion, adjusting the water content to 64 percent and the pH value to 8, adding the prepared culture base materials into an autoclave, sterilizing for 2 hours under the conditions of the pressure of 0.12MPa and the temperature of 121 ℃, taking out and naturally cooling for later use;
s2, mushroom house treatment: before material spreading, high-temperature and high-humidity steam is adopted to sterilize the mushroom house for 1.5 h;
s3, paving and sowing: spreading the culture medium cooled in the step S1 on a bed frame in a mushroom house, firstly spreading the culture medium with the first layer thickness of 13cm, broadcasting 55% of strains, then spreading the culture medium with the second layer thickness of 9cm, sowing the rest strains, and finally spreading the culture medium with the third layer thickness of 5cm, thereby completing sowing;
s4, spawn running management: after sowing, without illumination, mechanically pressurizing and ventilating for 1.5h every day, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide to be lower than 2%, keeping the temperature in the mushroom house at 23 ℃, the air humidity at 80% and the culture medium humidity at 64%;
s5, fruiting management: covering a layer of field soil with the thickness of 5cm after the hyphae grow, setting the illumination intensity to be 400lx, performing mechanical pressurization and ventilation for 4h every day, keeping the temperature in the mushroom house at 26 ℃, the air humidity at 90% and the culture medium humidity at 66%;
s6, harvesting and processing: harvesting in time when the sporophyte is funnel-shaped, the edge is inward rolled and the spore is not ejected, cutting off the mushroom body on the base material layer and the bottom of the mushroom stem by using scissors during harvesting, and putting the mushroom body into a box, so that the mushroom can be directly sold on the market or frozen and fresh-kept for sale.
Comparative example 2
A method for planting panus giganteus comprises the following steps of culture medium materials in parts by weight: 38 parts of wood chips, 18 parts of pleurotus geesteranus waste base stock, 18 parts of corncobs, 16 parts of wheat bran, 8 parts of bagasse and 2 parts of lime.
Selecting 3 middle ten days of the month for field planting, comprising the following steps:
s1, selection and treatment of a culture medium: mixing the culture base materials uniformly according to the proportion, adjusting the water content to 64 percent and the pH value to 8, and treating for 5-7 days by using a stacking fermentation method for later use;
s2, paving and sowing: laying the culture base material fermented in the step S1 on a ridge field preset in a field, firstly laying a first layer of culture base material with the thickness of 13cm, sowing 55% of strains, then laying a second layer of culture base material with the thickness of 9cm, sowing the rest strains, laying a third layer of culture base material with the thickness of 5cm, and finally laying field soil with the thickness of 5cm, thereby completing sowing;
s3, spawn running management: after sowing, shading treatment is carried out by a sunshade net, and the humidity of the culture medium is controlled to be 64% by spraying water;
s4, fruiting management: after the hyphae overgrow, the sunshade net is opened to keep a certain illumination, and the humidity of the culture base material is controlled at 66% by spraying water;
s6, harvesting and processing: harvesting in time when the sporophyte is funnel-shaped, the edge is inward rolled and the spore is not ejected, cutting off the mushroom body on the base material layer and the bottom of the mushroom stem by using scissors during harvesting, and putting the mushroom body into a box, so that the mushroom can be directly sold on the market or frozen and fresh-kept for sale.
Test examples
1. The planting methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were used for tests, and the fruiting status of each example is shown in Table 1. The malformation rate is the proportion of malformed mushrooms in the total mushroom amount, the malformed mushrooms are irregular in pileus growth (including inclination to one side, uneven surface height, water rusty spots on the surface, upward tilting of pileus edges and the like), abnormal stipe (including stipe of another.
TABLE 1 fruiting conditions
| Group of | First mushroom stage d | Yield kg/m2 | Percent of deformity |
| Example 1 | 42 | 5.63 | 1.1％ |
| Example 2 | 40 | 5.81 | 0.7％ |
| Example 3 | 45 | 5.66 | 1.3％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 48 | 5.19 | 5.8％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 65 | 4.09 | 9.3％ |
As can be seen from the fruiting situation in the table 1, the first mushroom fruiting time and the yield of the planting method in the embodiment of the invention are slightly superior to those of the comparative example 1, but are significantly superior to those of the comparative example 2; the distortion rates of examples 1-3 are significantly lower than those of comparative examples 1-2; the fruiting time and yield of the first mushroom in the comparative example 1 are also obviously higher than those in the comparative example 2. The indoor planting is superior to the common field planting, and the planting method can obviously shorten the fruiting time, has short production period and good appearance.
2. The results of the detection and analysis of the heavy metal content in the fruit body of the morchella esculenta produced in example 2 and comparative examples 1-2 are shown in table 2. The detection method refers to the detection method of lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in the GB/T5009 standard for determination.
TABLE 2 heavy metal content
As can be seen from the results of the heavy metal content measurement in Table 2. Under the condition that the culture medium materials are the same, when the field soil is covered, the heavy metal content in the fruiting body is higher than that of the bagasse covering adopted by the invention, which shows that when the field soil is covered, the heavy metal in the soil is easily transferred to the clitocybe maxima, while the comparative example 1 shortens the production period of the clitocybe maxima through indoor planting, and the heavy metal content is lower than that of the comparative example 2.
In conclusion, the clitocybe maxima produced by the planting method has the characteristics of high yield, safety, no pollution, cleanness and low deformity rate.
Finally, it should be emphasized that the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention are merely examples of implementations, rather than limitations, and that many variations and modifications of the invention are possible to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The medium material for the panus giganteus is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 35-40 parts of wood chips, 15-20 parts of waste base materials, 15-20 parts of corncobs, 15-20 parts of wheat husks, 5-10 parts of bagasse and 1.5-2 parts of lime; the waste base material is waste material after pleurotus eryngii, pleurotus geesteranus or oyster mushroom is planted.
2. The panus giganteus culture medium according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 38 parts of wood chips, 18 parts of waste base materials, 18 parts of corncobs, 16 parts of wheat husks, 8 parts of bagasse and 2 parts of lime.
3. The method for cultivating clitocybe maxima through the clitocybe maxima culture medium material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of a culture medium: mixing the culture base materials uniformly according to the proportion, adjusting the water content and the pH value, adding the prepared culture base materials into an autoclave, sterilizing for 1.5-2.5h under the conditions of the pressure of 0.12MPa and the temperature of 121 ℃, taking out and naturally cooling for later use;
s2, mushroom house treatment: before material spreading, high-temperature and high-humidity steam is adopted to sterilize the mushroom house for 1-2 h;
s3, paving and sowing: spreading the culture base material cooled in the step S1 on a bed frame in a mushroom house, firstly spreading the culture base material with the first layer thickness of 12-14cm, broadcasting 50-55% of strains, then spreading the culture base material with the second layer thickness of 8-10cm, sowing the rest strains, and finally spreading the culture base material with the third layer thickness of 4-5cm, thereby completing sowing;
s4, spawn running management: after sowing, keeping the temperature in the mushroom house at 22-26 ℃, the air humidity at 75-85% and the culture medium humidity at 62-65%;
s5, fruiting management: covering with a layer of bagasse after the hypha grows full, and keeping the temperature in the mushroom house at 24-28 ℃, the air humidity at 85-95% and the culture medium humidity at 64-68%;
s6, harvesting and processing: harvesting in time when the sporophyte is funnel-shaped, the edge is inward rolled and the spore is not ejected, cutting off the mushroom body on the base material layer and the bottom of the mushroom stem by using scissors during harvesting, and putting the mushroom body into a box, so that the mushroom can be directly sold on the market or frozen and fresh-kept for sale.
4. The method for cultivating clitocybe maxima culture medium according to claim 3, wherein the water content of the culture medium in the step S1 is adjusted to 62% -65%.
5. The method for cultivating clitocybe maxima culture medium according to claim 3, wherein the pH of the culture medium in the step S1 is adjusted to 7.5-8.5.
6. The method for cultivating Gaster Sus Domestica by using the culture medium material of Gaster Sus Domestica according to claim 3, wherein in step S4, mechanical pressurization and ventilation are performed for 1-2 hr every day without light irradiation, and carbon dioxide concentration is controlled to be lower than 2%.
7. The method for cultivating clitocybe maxima through the clitocybe maxima culture medium material according to claim 3, wherein the bagasse in the step S5 is subjected to compost fermentation treatment before use, and the covering thickness is 5-6 cm.
8. The method for cultivating Gaster Sus Domestica according to claim 3, wherein the illumination intensity in step S5 is 300lx-500lx, and mechanical pressurization and ventilation are performed for 3-5h every day.
9. The method for planting Gaster Sus Domestica by using Gaster Sus Domestica culture medium material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mushroom room is controlled by full-automatic intelligent electronic control system, and indoor temperature, air humidity, culture medium humidity, illumination and ventilation of the mushroom room are automatically controlled according to set conditions.
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