CN106977250A - A kind of microbial premix and organic compost - Google Patents
A kind of microbial premix and organic compost Download PDFInfo
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- CN106977250A CN106977250A CN201710194949.3A CN201710194949A CN106977250A CN 106977250 A CN106977250 A CN 106977250A CN 201710194949 A CN201710194949 A CN 201710194949A CN 106977250 A CN106977250 A CN 106977250A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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Abstract
The present invention relates to fertilizer manufacture technology field, a kind of microbial premix is disclosed, is made up of microorganism fungus kind and auxiliary material, the microorganism fungus kind is bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans, and the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans is 1:1~3, the auxiliary material includes 10~15 parts by weight skin of beancurd powder, 70~80 parts by weight diatomite and 5~10 weight parts of calcium carbonate, wherein, concentration of the microorganism fungus kind in the auxiliary material is 1 × 106CFU/g~1 × 109CFU/g.Present invention additionally comprises the preparation method of mentioned microorganism premix, and the organic compost produced by the microbial premix.The microbial premix of the present invention promotes the aerobic high-rate composting fermentation of composting material, shortens the compost fermentation cycle, improves the function of compost maturity, can speed up the biodegradation of raw material organic matter, reduces in composting process the generation of foul smell and distributes.Most it is 3~4 hours soon per the Batch fermentation cycle, the effectively save time, accelerates production efficiency, meet industrial production demand.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fertilizer manufacture technology field, more particularly to a kind of microbial premix and the microbial premix is used
The organic compost of production.
Background technology
At present, about 700,000,000 tons of the stalk of the annual output of China, about 3,800,000,000 tons of livestock and poultry breeding industry excrement discharge capacity, in addition with
Substantial amounts of activated sludge and domestic waste.The discarding of a large amount of agricultural wastes not only causes the waste of resource, also pollutes
Environment.Aerobic compost process for producing organic fertilizer is a main path for handling agricultural wastes.But Composting Process mesh
Before the problem of still suffer from more, such as composting cycle is long, and floor space is big, and composting process odor pollution is big, the nutrition leak such as nitrogen
Amount is big.In order to solve these problems, in composting process, be artificially inoculated with the microorganism isolated and purified, composting process
Odor problem is resolved, and composting cycle is greatly shortened relative to spontaneous fermentation, but still can not make full use of the nutrition such as carbon nitrogen
Material, ferments insufficient, fermentation time is longer.
The content of the invention
In view of above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of microbial premix, and utilizes the microbial premix
The organic compost of fermenting and producing, improves the utilization rate of composting material, it is possible to achieve shorten to fermentation period 3~4 hours.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
The invention provides a kind of microbial premix, it is made up of microorganism fungus kind and auxiliary material, the microorganism fungus kind is
The weight ratio of bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans, the bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans is 1:1~3, institute
Stating auxiliary material includes 10~15 parts by weight skin of beancurd powder, 70~80 parts by weight diatomite and 5~10 weight parts of calcium carbonate, wherein, it is described
Concentration of the microorganism fungus kind in the auxiliary material is 1 × 106CFU/g~1 × 109CFU/g。
Present invention also offers the preparation method of mentioned microorganism premix, comprise the following steps：Containing the withered grass
The skin of beancurd powder, the diatomite and the calcium carbonate, low temperature are added in the bacterium solution of bacillus and the bacillus coagulans
It is dried to obtain the microbial premix.
Wherein, as a kind of perferred technical scheme, the temperature of the low temperature drying be 35~40 DEG C, the time be 40~
60min。
The invention provides a kind of organic compost, it is prepared from by the raw material including following parts by weight：Nitrogen class organic compost
70~80 parts of material, 20~30 parts of carbons organic compost material, 1.5~2 parts of microbial premix described in above-mentioned technical proposal.
It is preferred that, the nitrogen class organic compost material is more than one or both of feces of livestock and poultry and house refuse mixed
Compound.
It is preferred that, the carbons organic compost material be wood chip, soybean stalk, bagasse, wheat-straw, rice straw, wheat skin, skin of beancurd and
One or more kinds of mixtures of straw.
Contain bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) and condensation gemma bar in the microbial premix of the present invention
Bacterium (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), its total content is 1 × 106CFU/g~1 × 109CFU/g, microbial premix
In moisture content≤8%.Bacillus subtilis has decomposition and detoxication to malodorant；It is organic that bacillus coagulans decomposes soil
Thing, food waste or agricultural wastes, increase the mineralization of soil with organic matter and disengage nutrition point.The microorganism premix of the present invention
Material can make full use of to nitrogen class organic compost raw material and carbons organic compost raw material, promote the aerobic high-rate composting of composting material
Fermentation, shortens the compost fermentation cycle, improves the function of compost maturity, can speed up the biodegradation of raw material organic matter, reduces
The generation of foul smell and distributed in composting process.It most can reach 3~4 hours, the effectively save time, accelerate soon per the Batch fermentation cycle
Production efficiency, meets industrial production demand.The compost enterprise for different nitrogen classes and carbons raw material is can be applied to, for producing
Organic fertilizer.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of microbial premix, it is made up of microorganism fungus kind and auxiliary material, the microorganism fungus kind is
The weight ratio of bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans, the bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans is 1:1~3, institute
Stating auxiliary material includes 10~15 parts by weight skin of beancurd powder, 70~80 parts by weight diatomite and 5~10 weight parts of calcium carbonate, wherein, it is described
Concentration of the microorganism fungus kind in the auxiliary material is 1 × 106CFU/g~1 × 109CFU/g。
The present invention is screened to the microbial bacteria needed for compost fermentation, by bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans
Scientific matching is carried out, to improve the fermentation efficiency that microbial bacteria utilizes composting material, shortens fermentation period, improves compost quality.
The total content that bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans are added in the present invention, in microbial premix is 1 × 106CFU/g~1
×109CFU/g, preferably 1 × 107CFU/g~1 × 108CFU/g.Wherein, the bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans
Weight ratio be 1:1~3, preferably 1:1.5~2.5, more preferably 1:2.In the microbial premix of the present invention, withered grass
The ratio of bacillus and bacillus coagulans can be according to temperature, humidity and fermentation time in fermentation process, in above range
Inside do appropriate adjustment.The present invention is not particularly limited to the source of bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans, can use city
Sell product, it would however also be possible to employ the bacterium isolated and purified from nature.
In the present invention, in order to ensure the activity of microorganism in microbial premix, and the presence load of microorganism fungus kind is used as
Body, also added other auxiliary materials in microbial premix.A certain proportion of skin of beancurd powder is added in the present invention, is that microorganism carries
For certain nutrition supply.In the present invention, auxiliary material skin of beancurd powder adds 10~15 parts by weight, and preferably 11~14 parts by weight enter one
Step is preferably 12~13 parts by weight.In the present invention, the auxiliary material also includes the parts by weight of diatomite 70~80, preferably 73~78 weights
Part is measured, is further 75~77 parts by weight, is used as the addition carrier of microbial premix.Auxiliary material of the present invention also includes carbonic acid
5~10 parts of calcium, preferably adds 6~8 parts, special dietary source is provided for microorganism.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of mentioned microorganism premix.First by bacillus subtilis and condensation gemma
Bacillus proportionally carries out expanding numerous in the medium, obtains the bacterium solution containing bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans.Wherein,
The formula of the culture medium is as follows：Casein peptone 5~10%, salt 0.5~0.8%, sucrose 2.8~3.5%, hydrochloric acid 0.1~
0.5%th, water 80~90%.One time fermentation is carried out after two kinds of fungi degradations are frozen in above-mentioned culture medium, the pH value of control zymotic fluid exists
5.5~7.5.Fermentation temperature is preferably 37~43 DEG C, more preferably 38~40 DEG C.Fermentation time is preferably 8~12 hours, enters one
Walk as 9~10 hours.The present invention is not particularly limited to the device of one time fermentation, is preferably cultivated in small triangular flask.Will
The bacterium solution conversion bins of one time fermentation carry out secondary fermentation, and preferably secondary fermentation is carried out in fermentation tank.Control the pH of zymotic fluid
Value is 5.5~7.5.Fermentation temperature is preferably 37~43 DEG C, more preferably 38~40 DEG C.The fermentation of strain secondary fermentation of the present invention
Time is preferably 18~24 hours, preferably 20~22 hours.The bacterial concentration obtained after secondary fermentation is 1 × 1010CFU/g~
1×1012CFU/g。
In the auxiliary material that zymotic fluid after secondary fermentation is sprayed into the skin of beancurd powder, diatomite and the calcium carbonate that proportionally mix,
Carry out low temperature drying.Wherein, the temperature of low temperature drying is 35~40 DEG C, preferably 36~39 DEG C, more preferably 37~38
℃；The time of low temperature drying is 40~60min, more preferably preferably 45~55min, 50~53min.After low temperature drying
Obtain microbial premix.
The microbial premix of the present invention can ferment to composting material, prepare organic compost.
Present invention also offers a kind of organic compost, it is prepared from by the raw material including following parts by weight：Nitrogen class stacked organic
Fertile 70~80 parts of material, 20~30 parts of carbons organic compost material, 1.5~2 parts of microbial premix described in above-mentioned technical proposal.
Wherein, the nitrogen class organic compost material addition is 70~80 parts, preferably 72~78 parts, is more preferably
74~76 parts.In the present invention, nitrogen class organic compost material is more than one or both of feces of livestock and poultry and house refuse mixed
Compound, such as rubbish from cooking.The carbons organic compost material addition be 20~30 parts, preferably 21~28 parts, further
Preferably 24~27 parts.In the present invention, carbons organic compost material be wood chip, soybean stalk, bagasse, wheat-straw, rice straw, wheat skin,
One or more kinds of mixtures of skin of beancurd and straw.
The present invention does not have special restriction to the fermentation process of organic compost, can use the normal fermentation mode of this area
Compost fermentation is carried out, can also be fermented in compost fermentation machine.The microbial premix production organic compost of the present invention is excellent
Choosing is fermented using compost fermentation machine.Its fermentation process is detailed below：
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of fermented manure material is adjusted first, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composting material is met microorganism fungus kind compost
The optimal proportion of fermentation process.In the present invention, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of fermented manure material is 20~35, preferably 21~32, enters one
Step is preferably 24~30.In the present invention unless otherwise required, the fermented manure material includes above-mentioned nitrogen class organic compost material
Material and carbons organic compost material.Wherein, in the present invention, the consumption of the nitrogen class organic compost material and carbons organic compost material
Than being preferably 2~4：1, more preferably 2.5~3.5：1, more preferably 3：1, to meet above-mentioned carbon-nitrogen ratio.
The fermented manure material for adjusting carbon-nitrogen ratio is put into compost fermentation mixer and is stirred, makes the heap
Fertile material is well mixed.According to different containing moisture in the composting material, its moisture is moderately adjusted.It is heretofore described
The moisture of composting material meets micro- 35%~50%, preferably 37%~48%, more preferably 39%~46%
Water content needed for biofermentation.The present invention is not particularly limited to the mode for adjusting the composting material, can be in compost material
Adjust its moisture before material input compost fermentation mixer, can also mixing initial stage to compost fermentation mixer
Middle addition moisture.It is preferred that adjusting the moisture of composting material before compost fermentation.During mixing, depending on heap
Moisture removal is moderately supplemented or gone to the moisture of fertile material.
It is after the compost fermentation material stirs 2~3min in compost fermentation mixer, the microorganism of the present invention is pre-
Batch mixing is added continuously to be mixed in the compost fermentation mixer.
In the microorganism fungus kind just added, the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans is preferably 1:
1~2, more preferably 1:1~1.5, it is further 1:1.In the present invention, the mentioned microorganism premix of addition and institute
State the weight ratio of compost fermentation material for 3.75~7.5kg/t, preferably 4.0~7.0kg/t, more preferably 4.5~
6.5kg/t。
In the present invention, add after the microbial premix, the spinner velocity of the compost fermentation mixer is controlled 25
~30 revs/min, so that the fermentation in compost fermentation mixer is in certain climbing speed, make microorganism in hair
The oxygen needed for fermentation can be kept in the ferment time.The spinner velocity of preferably compost fermentation mixer of the invention for 26~29 turns/
Minute, it is further 27~28 revs/min.With the continuation of fermentation process, the generation that frictional heat is released together with microbial fermentation
Thanking to heat rises the temperature of material in compost fermentation mixer.In this stage, the time for continuously stirring fermentation is 1~1.5
Hour, preferably 1.2~1.4 hours.
When temperature of charge rises to certain temperature, microbial premix is added again in the compost fermentation mixer
Continue to stir fermentation.In the present invention, it is preferably 43 DEG C~48 DEG C, further excellent when the temperature of charge is 40 DEG C~50 DEG C
When electing 44 DEG C~46 DEG C as, microorganism fungus kind is added again.The amount of the microorganism fungus kind added again, is come by compost fermentation material
Calculate, compost fermentation material per ton adds 3.75~7.5kg of microbial premix, preferably 4.0~7.0kg, further preferably
For 4.5~6.5kg.This microbial premix added simultaneously need not strictly limit identical with the amount or ratio added first.
If adding two kinds of microorganism fungus kinds to be fermented, it is preferred that now add in microbial premix, bacillus subtilis and condensation
The mixed proportion of bacillus is 1：2~3, more preferably 1：2.2~2.8, more preferably 1：2.5.
Compost fermentation mixer continues to stir after microbial premix is added again, and mixing speed is 25~30 revs/min
Clock, preferably 26~29 revs/min, be further 27~28 revs/min.After keeping above-mentioned mixing speed for a period of time, material
Constant temperature rises, and terminates fermentation after temperature of charge rises to certain temperature.In the present invention, microbial premix is added again
After continuously stir the time for 2.0~3 hours, preferably 2.1~2.8 hours, more preferably 2.2~2.5 hours.Connect again
After continuous stirring, temperature of charge rises to 55~70 DEG C.Preferred feed temperature of the present invention is at 58~67 DEG C, more preferably 62~64 DEG C
When terminate fermentation.
Material after fermentation is cooled down through induction system, obtains organic fertilizer.
The microbial premix of the present invention can greatly improve the utilization rate to nitrogen carbon organic matter, shorten fermentation time, through 3
~4 hours can complete fermentation, substantially increase production efficiency.
With reference to embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail, but they can not be interpreted as to present invention protection
The restriction of scope.
Embodiment 1
By in bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans liquid medium within according to 1:1 ratio carries out expanding numerous, at 37 DEG C
It is lower culture 12 hours, cultured bacterium is turned to cultivate again at 37 DEG C 24 hours after bacterium, obtain containing bacillus subtilis with
The nutrient solution of bacillus coagulans.Above-mentioned nutrient solution is sprayed to containing 10% skin of beancurd powder, 80% diatomite and 10% calcium carbonate
In auxiliary material, low temperature drying 55min, obtains microbial premix at 38 DEG C.Withered grass bud in the microbial premix prepared
The total concentration of spore bacillus and bacillus coagulans in auxiliary material is 1*108CFU/g。
The process for carrying out ferment making organic compost in compost fermentation machine using the microbial premix is as follows：
(1) 800kg fowl and animal excrements, 100kg soybean stalks, 50kg wood chips and 50kg bagasses input compost fermentation mixer are stirred
3min is mixed, the carbon-nitrogen ratio for making composting material in compost fermentation mixer is 20, and moisture is 35%；
(2) 7.5kg microbial premixes are added in above-mentioned compost fermentation mixer, spinner velocity is controlled at 25 revs/min
Clock, is continuously stirred 1.5 hours, after temperature of charge rises to 45 DEG C, and 7.5kg microbial premixes are added again to compost fermentation
Mixer, control spinner velocity is continuously stirred 2 hours, after temperature of charge rises to 62 DEG C, through delivery system at 26 revs/min
System cooling, fermentation completes that organic compost is made.
Embodiment 2
By in bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans liquid medium within according to 1:2 ratios carry out expanding numerous, at 37 DEG C
It is lower culture 12 hours, cultured bacterium is turned to cultivate again at 37 DEG C 24 hours after bacterium, obtain containing bacillus subtilis with
The nutrient solution of bacillus coagulans.By above-mentioned nutrient solution spray to containing 15% skin of beancurd powder, 75% diatomite, 10% calcium carbonate it is auxiliary
In material, low temperature drying 40min, obtains microbial premix at 40 DEG C.Withered grass gemma in the microbial premix prepared
The total concentration of bacillus and bacillus coagulans in auxiliary material is 1*109CFU/g。
The process for carrying out ferment making organic compost in compost fermentation machine using the microbial premix is as follows：
(1) 700kg fowl and animal excrements, 250kg stalks and 50kg wood chips are put into compost fermentation mixer and stirs 2min, make heap
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of composting material is 23 in fertilizer fermentation mixer, and moisture is 45%；
(2) 7.5kg microbial premixes are added in above-mentioned compost fermentation mixer, spinner velocity is controlled at 30 revs/min
Clock, is continuously stirred 1 hour, after temperature of charge rises to 50 DEG C, 7.5kg microbial premixes is added again mixed to compost fermentation
Conjunction machine, control spinner velocity is continuously stirred 3 hours, after temperature of charge rises to 70 DEG C, through induction system at 29 revs/min
Cooling, fermentation completes that organic fertilizer is made.
Embodiment 3
By in bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans liquid medium within according to 1:3 ratios carry out expanding numerous, at 37 DEG C
It is lower culture 12 hours, cultured bacterium is turned to cultivate again at 37 DEG C 24 hours after bacterium, obtain containing bacillus subtilis with
The nutrient solution of bacillus coagulans.By above-mentioned nutrient solution spray to containing 15% skin of beancurd powder, 80% diatomite, 5% calcium carbonate it is auxiliary
In material, low temperature drying 60min, obtains microbial premix at 35 DEG C.Withered grass gemma in the microbial premix prepared
The total concentration of bacillus and bacillus coagulans in auxiliary material is 1*1010CFU/g。
The process for carrying out ferment making organic compost in compost fermentation machine using the microbial premix is as follows：
(1) 700kg fowl and animal excrements, 150kg wood chips and 150kg wheat-straws are put into compost fermentation mixer and stir 2min,
The carbon-nitrogen ratio for making composting material in compost fermentation mixer is 25, and moisture is 40%；
(2) 3.75kg microbial premixes are added in above-mentioned compost fermentation mixer, spinner velocity is controlled at 27 revs/min
Clock, is continuously stirred 1.2 hours, after temperature of charge rises to 47 DEG C, and 3.75kg microbial premixes to compost is added again and is sent out
Ferment mixer, control spinner velocity is continuously stirred 2.6 hours, after temperature of charge rises to 65 DEG C, through defeated at 27 revs/min
System is sent to cool down, fermentation completes that organic fertilizer is made.
The comparison of the different fermentations mode of table 1
The organic compost and conventional compostation Property comparison of the microbial premix of the present invention of table 2 production
| Project | Compost of the present invention | Conventional compostation |
| Rotten degree (in terms of percentage of seedgermination) % | ≥80 | ≤30 |
| The vigor of enzyme | ++++ | -- or+ |
| Organic matter (in terms of butt), % | ≥60.0 | ≦40.0 |
| Weed seed | It can not germinate | It can germinate |
| Smell | Fragrance, sweet taste | Stench, rotten tart flavour |
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of microbial premix, is made up of microorganism fungus kind and auxiliary material, it is characterised in that the microorganism fungus kind is withered grass
The weight ratio of bacillus and bacillus coagulans, the bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans is 1:1~3, it is described auxiliary
Material includes 10~15 parts by weight skin of beancurd powder, 70~80 parts by weight diatomite and 5~10 weight parts of calcium carbonate, wherein, micro- life
Concentration of the thing strain in the auxiliary material is 1 × 106CFU/g~1 × 109CFU/g。
2. the preparation method of microbial premix as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：Containing
The skin of beancurd powder, the diatomite and the carbonic acid are added in the bacterium solution for stating bacillus subtilis and the bacillus coagulans
Calcium, low temperature drying obtains the microbial premix.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the temperature of the low temperature drying is 35~40 DEG C, when
Between be 40~60min.
4. a kind of organic compost, it is characterised in that be prepared from by the raw material including following parts by weight：Nitrogen class organic compost material
70~80 parts, 20~30 parts of carbons organic compost material, 1.5~2 parts of microbial premix described in claim 1.
5. organic compost according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the nitrogen class organic compost material be feces of livestock and poultry and
Mixture more than one or both of house refuse.
6. organic compost according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the carbons organic compost material is wood chip, soybean
Stalk, bagasse, wheat-straw, rice straw, wheat skin, one or more kinds of mixtures of skin of beancurd and straw.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110627535A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2019-12-31 | 西藏昂措环保科技有限公司 | Harmless treatment method for excrement |
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| CN1276362A (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2000-12-13 | 刘晓荣 | Organic base fertilizer and preparing process thereof |
| CN1482108A (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2004-03-17 | 杨涵茹 | Rapid fermentation method and A-T enzyme composition used therein |
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| CN110627535A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2019-12-31 | 西藏昂措环保科技有限公司 | Harmless treatment method for excrement |
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