CN106977250B - A kind of microbial premix and organic compost - Google Patents

A kind of microbial premix and organic compost Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106977250B
CN106977250B CN201710194949.3A CN201710194949A CN106977250B CN 106977250 B CN106977250 B CN 106977250B CN 201710194949 A CN201710194949 A CN 201710194949A CN 106977250 B CN106977250 B CN 106977250B
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compost
fermentation
premix
microbial
organic compost
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CN106977250A (en
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张济培
陈建红
张伟方
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Zhinong health industry technology (Guangdong) Co.,Ltd.
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Huizhou Xing Xing Agriculture Science And Technology Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D3/00Calcareous fertilisers
    • C05D3/02Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to fertilizer manufacture technology fields, disclose a kind of microbial premix, are made of microorganism fungus kind and auxiliary material, and the microorganism fungus kind is bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans, and the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans is 1:1~3, the auxiliary material include 10~15 parts by weight skin of beancurd powder, 70~80 parts by weight diatomite and 5~10 weight parts of calcium carbonate, wherein, the microorganism fungus kind in the auxiliary material a concentration of 1 × 106CFU/g~1 × 109CFU/g.Preparation method and the organic compost produced by the microbial premix the invention also includes mentioned microorganism premix.The microbial premix of the present invention promotes the aerobic high-rate composting fermentation of composting material, shortens the compost fermentation period, improves the function of compost maturity, can speed up the biodegradation of raw material organic matter, reduces the generation of foul smell in composting process and distributes.Every batch of fermentation period is soon most 3~4 hours, and the effectively save time accelerates production efficiency, meets industrial production demand.

Description

A kind of microbial premix and organic compost
Technical field
The present invention relates to fertilizer manufacture technology field, more particularly to a kind of microbial premix and with the microbial premix The organic compost of production.
Background technology
At present, about 700,000,000 tons of the stalk of the annual output in China, about 3,800,000,000 tons of livestock and poultry breeding industry excrement discharge capacity, in addition with A large amount of activated sludge and domestic waste.The discarding of a large amount of agricultural wastes not only causes the waste of resource, also pollutes Environment.Aerobic compost process for producing organic fertilizer is a main path for handling agricultural wastes.But Composting Process mesh Preceding there are still many problems, if composting cycle is long, takes up a large area, and composting process odor pollution is big, the nutrition leaks such as nitrogen Amount is big.In order to solve these problems, it in composting process, carries out artificially being inoculated with the microorganism isolated and purified, in composting process Odor problem is resolved, and composting cycle is greatly shortened relative to spontaneous fermentation, but still cannot make full use of the nutrition such as carbon nitrogen Substance, fermentation is insufficient, and fermentation time is longer.
Invention content
In view of above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of microbial premix and utilizes the microbial premix The organic compost of fermenting and producing improves the utilization rate of composting material, can realize and shorten to fermentation period 3~4 hours.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
The present invention provides a kind of microbial premixes, are made of microorganism fungus kind and auxiliary material, and the microorganism fungus kind is The weight ratio of bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans, the bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans is 1:1~3, institute It states auxiliary material and includes 10~15 parts by weight skin of beancurd powder, 70~80 parts by weight diatomite and 5~10 weight parts of calcium carbonate, wherein, it is described Microorganism fungus kind in the auxiliary material a concentration of 1 × 106CFU/g~1 × 109CFU/g。
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of mentioned microorganism premix, include the following steps:Containing the withered grass The skin of beancurd powder, the diatomite and the calcium carbonate, low temperature are added in the bacterium solution of bacillus and the bacillus coagulans It is dried to obtain the microbial premix.
Wherein, as a kind of perferred technical scheme, the temperature of the low temperature drying is 35~40 DEG C, the time for 40~ 60min。
The present invention provides a kind of organic composts, are prepared by the raw material for including following parts by weight:Nitrogen class organic compost 70~80 parts of material, 20~30 parts of carbons organic compost material, 1.5~2 parts of microbial premix described in above-mentioned technical proposal.
Preferably, the nitrogen class organic compost material is the mixed of one or more of feces of livestock and poultry and house refuse Close object.
Preferably, the carbons organic compost material for sawdust, soybean stalk, bagasse, wheat-straw, rice straw, wheat skin, skin of beancurd and One or more kinds of mixtures of straw.
Contain bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) and condensation gemma bar in the microbial premix of the present invention Bacterium (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), total content are 1 × 106CFU/g~1 × 109CFU/g, microbial premix In moisture content≤8%.Bacillus subtilis has decomposition and detoxication to malodorant;It is organic that bacillus coagulans decompose soil Object, food waste or agricultural wastes increase the mineralization of soil with organic matter and disengage nutrition point.The microorganism premix of the present invention Material can make full use of nitrogen class organic compost raw material and carbons organic compost raw material, promote the aerobic high-rate composting of composting material Fermentation shortens the compost fermentation period, improves the function of compost maturity, can speed up the biodegradation of raw material organic matter, reduces It the generation of foul smell and is distributed in composting process.Every batch of fermentation period most can reach 3~4 hours soon, the effectively save time, accelerate Production efficiency meets industrial production demand.The compost enterprise for different nitrogen classes and carbons raw material is can be applied to, for producing Organic fertilizer.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of microbial premixes, are made of microorganism fungus kind and auxiliary material, and the microorganism fungus kind is The weight ratio of bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans, the bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans is 1:1~3, institute It states auxiliary material and includes 10~15 parts by weight skin of beancurd powder, 70~80 parts by weight diatomite and 5~10 weight parts of calcium carbonate, wherein, it is described Microorganism fungus kind in the auxiliary material a concentration of 1 × 106CFU/g~1 × 109CFU/g。
The present invention screens microbial bacteria needed for compost fermentation, by bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans Scientific matching is carried out, to improve the fermentation efficiency that microbial bacteria utilizes composting material, shortens fermentation period, improves compost quality. The total content that bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans are added in the present invention, in microbial premix is 1 × 106CFU/g~1 ×109CFU/g, preferably 1 × 107CFU/g~1 × 108CFU/g.Wherein, the bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans Weight ratio be 1:1~3, preferably 1:1.5~2.5, further preferably 1:2.In the microbial premix of the present invention, withered grass The ratio of bacillus and bacillus coagulans can be according to temperature, humidity and fermentation time in fermentation process, in above range Inside do appropriate adjustment.The present invention is not particularly limited the source of bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans, and city may be used Product is sold, the bacterium isolated and purified from nature can also be used.
In the present invention, in order to ensure that the activity of microorganism in microbial premix and the presence as microorganism fungus kind carry Body also added other auxiliary materials in microbial premix.A certain proportion of skin of beancurd powder is added in the present invention, is carried for microorganism For certain nutrition supply.In the present invention, auxiliary material skin of beancurd powder adds 10~15 parts by weight, preferably 11~14 parts by weight, into one Step is preferably 12~13 parts by weight.In the present invention, the auxiliary material further includes 70~80 parts by weight of diatomite, preferably 73~78 weights Part is measured, is further 75~77 parts by weight, the addition carrier as microbial premix.Auxiliary material of the present invention further includes carbonic acid 5~10 parts of calcium preferably adds 6~8 parts, special dietary source is provided for microorganism.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of mentioned microorganism premix.First by bacillus subtilis and condensation gemma Bacillus proportionally carries out expanding numerous in the medium, obtains the bacterium solution containing bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans.Wherein, The formula of the culture medium is as follows:Casein peptone 5~10%, salt 0.5~0.8%, sucrose 2.8~3.5%, hydrochloric acid 0.1~ 0.5%th, water 80~90%.One time fermentation is carried out in above-mentioned culture medium after two kinds of fungi degradations are frozen, the pH value of zymotic fluid is controlled to exist 5.5~7.5.Fermentation temperature is preferably 37~43 DEG C, more preferably 38~40 DEG C.Fermentation time is preferably 8~12 hours, into one Walk is 9~10 hours.The present invention is not particularly limited the device of one time fermentation, is preferably cultivated in small triangular flask.It will The bacterium solution conversion bins of one time fermentation carry out secondary fermentation, and preferably secondary fermentation carries out in fermentation tank.Control the pH of zymotic fluid Value is 5.5~7.5.Fermentation temperature is preferably 37~43 DEG C, more preferably 38~40 DEG C.The fermentation of strain secondary fermentation of the present invention Time is preferably 18~24 hours, preferably 20~22 hours.The bacterial concentration obtained after secondary fermentation is 1 × 1010CFU/g~ 1×1012CFU/g。
In the auxiliary material of skin of beancurd powder, diatomite and calcium carbonate that zymotic fluid penetrating after secondary fermentation is proportionally mixed, Carry out low temperature drying.Wherein, the temperature of low temperature drying is 35~40 DEG C, preferably 36~39 DEG C, further preferably 37~38 ℃;The time of low temperature drying is 40~60min, further preferably preferably 45~55min, 50~53min.After low temperature drying Obtain microbial premix.
The microbial premix of the present invention can ferment to composting material, and organic compost is prepared.
The present invention also provides a kind of organic composts, are prepared by the raw material for including following parts by weight:Nitrogen class stacked organic Fertile 70~80 parts of material, 20~30 parts of carbons organic compost material, 1.5~2 parts of microbial premix described in above-mentioned technical proposal.
Wherein, the nitrogen class organic compost material additive amount be 70~80 parts, preferably 72~78 parts, further preferably 74~76 parts.In the present invention, nitrogen class organic compost material is the mixed of one or more of feces of livestock and poultry and house refuse Close object, such as rubbish from cooking.The carbons organic compost material additive amount be 20~30 parts, preferably 21~28 parts, further Preferably 24~27 parts.In the present invention, carbons organic compost material for sawdust, soybean stalk, bagasse, wheat-straw, rice straw, wheat skin, One or more kinds of mixtures of skin of beancurd and straw.
The present invention does not have the fermentation process of organic compost special restriction, and the normal fermentation mode of this field may be used Compost fermentation is carried out, can also be fermented in compost fermentation machine.The microbial premix production organic compost of the present invention is excellent Choosing is fermented using compost fermentation machine.Its fermentation process is detailed below:
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of fermented manure material is adjusted first, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composting material is made to meet microorganism fungus kind compost The optimal proportion of fermentation process.In the present invention, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of fermented manure material is 20~35, preferably 21~32, into one Step preferably 24~30.In the present invention unless otherwise required, the fermented manure material includes above-mentioned nitrogen class organic compost material Material and carbons organic compost material.Wherein, in the present invention, the dosage of the nitrogen class organic compost material and carbons organic compost material Than being preferably 2~4:1, further preferably 2.5~3.5:1, more preferably 3:1, to meet above-mentioned carbon-nitrogen ratio.
The fermented manure material for adjusting carbon-nitrogen ratio is put into compost fermentation mixing machine and is stirred, makes the heap Fertile material is uniformly mixed.It is different according to moisture is contained in the composting material, moderately adjust its moisture.It is heretofore described The moisture of composting material meets micro- in 35%~50%, preferably 37%~48%, further preferably 39%~46% Water content needed for biofermentation.The present invention is not particularly limited the mode for adjusting the composting material, can be in compost material Adjust its moisture before material input compost fermentation mixing machine, can also mixing initial stage to compost fermentation mixing machine Middle addition moisture.It is preferred that the moisture of composting material is adjusted before compost fermentation.During mixing, depending on heap Moisture removal is moderately supplemented or gone to the moisture of fertile material.
It is after the compost fermentation material stirs 2~3min in compost fermentation mixing machine, the microorganism of the present invention is pre- Batch mixing is added in the compost fermentation mixing machine and is continuously mixed.
In the microorganism fungus kind just added in, the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans is preferably 1: 1~2, further preferably 1:1~1.5, it is further 1:1.In the present invention, the mentioned microorganism premix of addition and institute State the weight ratio of compost fermentation material for 3.75~7.5kg/t, preferably 4.0~7.0kg/t, further preferably 4.5~ 6.5kg/t。
In the present invention, after adding in the microbial premix, the spinner velocity of the compost fermentation mixing machine is controlled 25 ~30 revs/min, so that the fermentation in compost fermentation mixing machine is sending out microorganism in certain climbing speed Required oxygen of fermenting can be kept in the ferment time.The spinner velocity of preferably compost fermentation mixing machine of the invention for 26~29 turns/ Minute, it is further 27~28 revs/min.With the continuation of fermentation process, generation that frictional heat is released together with microbial fermentation Thanking to heat makes the temperature rise of material in compost fermentation mixing machine.In this stage, the time for continuously stirring fermentation is 1~1.5 Hour, preferably 1.2~1.4 hours.
When temperature of charge rises to certain temperature, microbial premix is added in again in the compost fermentation mixing machine Continue stirring fermentation.In the present invention, when the temperature of charge be 40 DEG C~50 DEG C, preferably 43 DEG C~48 DEG C, further it is excellent When being selected as 44 DEG C~46 DEG C, microorganism fungus kind is added in again.The amount of the microorganism fungus kind added in again is come by compost fermentation material It calculates, compost fermentation material per ton adds in 3.75~7.5kg of microbial premix, preferably 4.0~7.0kg, further preferably For 4.5~6.5kg.The microbial premix this time added in does not need to strictly limit identical with the amount or ratio added in for the first time. If add in two kinds of microorganism fungus kinds to ferment, it is preferred that add in microbial premix at this time, bacillus subtilis and condensation The mixed proportion of bacillus is 1:2~3, further preferably 1:2.2~2.8, more preferably 1:2.5.
Compost fermentation mixing machine continues to stir after microbial premix is added in again, and mixing speed is 25~30 revs/min Clock, preferably 26~29 revs/min are further 27~28 revs/min.After keeping above-mentioned mixing speed for a period of time, material Constant temperature rises, and terminates fermentation after temperature of charge rises to certain temperature.In the present invention, microbial premix is added in again After continuously stir the time as 2.0~3 hours, preferably 2.1~2.8 hours, further preferably 2.2~2.5 hours.Connect again After continuous stirring, temperature of charge rises to 55~70 DEG C.Preferred feed temperature of the present invention is at 58~67 DEG C, more preferably 62~64 DEG C When terminate to ferment.
Material after fermentation is cooled down through transport system, obtains organic fertilizer.
The microbial premix of the present invention can greatly improve the utilization rate to nitrogen carbon organic matter, shorten fermentation time, through 3 Fermentation can be completed in~4 hours, substantially increases production efficiency.
With reference to embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail, but they cannot be interpreted as protecting the present invention The restriction of range.
Embodiment 1
By bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans in liquid medium according to 1:1 ratio expand it is numerous, at 37 DEG C It is lower culture 12 hours, cultivated again at 37 DEG C 24 hours after cultured bacterium is turned bacterium, obtain containing bacillus subtilis with The culture solution of bacillus coagulans.Above-mentioned culture solution is sprayed to containing 10% skin of beancurd powder, 80% diatomite and 10% calcium carbonate In auxiliary material, low temperature drying 55min, obtains microbial premix at 38 DEG C.Withered grass bud in the microbial premix being prepared The total concentration of spore bacillus and bacillus coagulans in auxiliary material is 1*108CFU/g。
The process for carrying out ferment making organic compost in compost fermentation machine using the microbial premix is as follows:
(1) 800kg fowl and animal excrements, 100kg soybean stalks, 50kg sawdusts and 50kg bagasses input compost fermentation mixing machine are stirred 3min is mixed, the carbon-nitrogen ratio for making composting material in compost fermentation mixing machine is 20, moisture 35%;
(2) 7.5kg microbial premixes are added in above-mentioned compost fermentation mixing machine, spinner velocity is controlled at 25 revs/min Clock continuously stirs 1.5 hours, after temperature of charge rises to 45 DEG C, adds in 7.5kg microbial premixes again to compost fermentation Mixing machine, control spinner velocity continuously stir 2 hours, at 26 revs/min after temperature of charge rises to 62 DEG C, through delivery system System cooling, fermentation complete that organic compost is made.
Embodiment 2
By bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans in liquid medium according to 1:2 ratios expand it is numerous, at 37 DEG C It is lower culture 12 hours, cultivated again at 37 DEG C 24 hours after cultured bacterium is turned bacterium, obtain containing bacillus subtilis with The culture solution of bacillus coagulans.By above-mentioned culture solution spray to containing 15% skin of beancurd powder, 75% diatomite, 10% calcium carbonate it is auxiliary In material, low temperature drying 40min, obtains microbial premix at 40 DEG C.Withered grass gemma in the microbial premix being prepared The total concentration of bacillus and bacillus coagulans in auxiliary material is 1*109CFU/g。
The process for carrying out ferment making organic compost in compost fermentation machine using the microbial premix is as follows:
(1) by 700kg fowl and animal excrements, 250kg stalks and 50kg sawdusts input compost fermentation mixing machine stirring 2min, make heap The carbon-nitrogen ratio of composting material is 23 in fertilizer fermentation mixing machine, moisture 45%;
(2) 7.5kg microbial premixes are added in above-mentioned compost fermentation mixing machine, spinner velocity is controlled at 30 revs/min Clock continuously stirs 1 hour, after temperature of charge rises to 50 DEG C, adds in 7.5kg microbial premixes to compost fermentation again and mixes Conjunction machine, control spinner velocity continuously stir 3 hours, at 29 revs/min after temperature of charge rises to 70 DEG C, through transport system Cooling, fermentation complete that organic fertilizer is made.
Embodiment 3
By bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans in liquid medium according to 1:3 ratios expand it is numerous, at 37 DEG C It is lower culture 12 hours, cultivated again at 37 DEG C 24 hours after cultured bacterium is turned bacterium, obtain containing bacillus subtilis with The culture solution of bacillus coagulans.By above-mentioned culture solution spray to containing 15% skin of beancurd powder, 80% diatomite, 5% calcium carbonate it is auxiliary In material, low temperature drying 60min, obtains microbial premix at 35 DEG C.Withered grass gemma in the microbial premix being prepared The total concentration of bacillus and bacillus coagulans in auxiliary material is 1*1010CFU/g。
The process for carrying out ferment making organic compost in compost fermentation machine using the microbial premix is as follows:
(1) 700kg fowl and animal excrements, 150kg sawdusts and 150kg wheat-straws input compost fermentation mixing machine are stirred into 2min, The carbon-nitrogen ratio for making composting material in compost fermentation mixing machine is 25, moisture 40%;
(2) 3.75kg microbial premixes are added in above-mentioned compost fermentation mixing machine, spinner velocity is controlled at 27 revs/min Clock continuously stirs 1.2 hours, after temperature of charge rises to 47 DEG C, adds in 3.75kg microbial premixes to compost again and sends out Ferment mixing machine, control spinner velocity continuously stir 2.6 hours, at 27 revs/min after temperature of charge rises to 65 DEG C, through defeated System is sent to cool down, fermentation completes that organic fertilizer is made.
The comparison of 1 different fermentations mode of table
The organic compost of 2 microbial premix of the present invention of table production and conventional compostation Property comparison
Project Compost of the present invention Conventional compostation
Rotten degree (in terms of percentage of seedgermination) % ≥80 ≤30
The vigor of enzyme ++++ -- or+
Organic matter (in terms of butt), % ≥60.0 ≦40.0
Weed seed It can not germinate It can germinate
Smell Fragrance, sweet taste Stench, rotten tart flavour
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications also should It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of fermentation process of organic compost, which is characterized in that the fermentation process of the organic compost includes:
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of fermented manure material is adjusted first, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio for making the composting material is 20 ~ 35;The fermented manure material Material includes nitrogen class organic compost material and carbons organic compost material, the nitrogen class organic compost material and carbons organic compost material Amount ratio be 2 ~ 4:1;
The fermented manure material for adjusting carbon-nitrogen ratio is put into compost fermentation mixing machine and is stirred, makes the compost material Material is uniformly mixed;It is different according to moisture is contained in the composting material, its moisture is adjusted 35% ~ 50%;It is being mixed During, moisture removal is moderately supplemented or gone to the moisture depending on composting material;
After the compost fermentation material stirs 2 ~ 3min in compost fermentation mixing machine, microbial premix is added in into the heap It is continuously mixed in fertilizer fermentation mixing machine;The weight ratio of the microbial premix and the compost fermentation material is 3.75 ~ 7.5kg/t, after mentioned microorganism premix is added in, the spinner velocity of the compost fermentation mixing machine is controlled 25 ~ 30 Rev/min, the time that fermentation is continuously mixed in this stage is 1 ~ 1.5 hour;
When the temperature of charge is 40 DEG C ~ 50 DEG C, the microbial premix is added in again, and compost fermentation material per ton adds in 3.75 ~ 7.5kg of microbial premix, compost fermentation mixing machine continue to stir after microbial premix is added in again, stirring speed It is 25 ~ 30 revs/min to spend, and is continuously stirred 2.0 ~ 3 hours, and when temperature of charge rises to 55 ~ 70 DEG C, end is fermented, after fermentation Material is cooled down through transport system, obtains organic compost;
The microbial premix is made of microorganism fungus kind and auxiliary material, and the microorganism fungus kind is bacillus subtilis and condensation The weight ratio of bacillus, the bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans is 1:1 ~ 3, the auxiliary material includes 10 ~ 15 weight Part skin of beancurd powder, 70 ~ 80 parts by weight diatomite and 5 ~ 10 weight parts of calcium carbonate, wherein, the microorganism fungus kind is in the auxiliary material A concentration of 1 × 106CFU/g~1×109CFU/g。
2. the fermentation process of organic compost according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the nitrogen class organic compost material is poultry The mixture of one or more of poultry manure and house refuse.
3. the fermentation process of organic compost according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the carbons organic compost material is wood Bits, soybean stalk, bagasse, wheat-straw, rice straw, wheat skin and skin of beancurd one or more kinds of mixtures.
4. the fermentation process of organic compost according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the preparation side of the microbial premix Method includes the following steps:The skin of beancurd is added in the bacterium solution containing the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus coagulans Powder, the diatomite and the calcium carbonate, low temperature drying obtain the microbial premix.
5. the fermentation process of organic compost according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the temperature of the low temperature drying for 35 ~ 40 DEG C, the time is 40 ~ 60min.
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CN1276362A (en) * 2000-04-11 2000-12-13 刘晓荣 Organic base fertilizer and preparing process thereof
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CN106467419A (en) * 2016-09-08 2017-03-01 江南大学 A kind of preparation method of biological organic fertilizer

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