CN106966891A - 一种大黄酸的全合成工艺 - Google Patents
一种大黄酸的全合成工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种大黄酸的全合成工艺,以甲氧基邻苯二甲酸酐和格氏反应液为原料经缩合、脱水环合、甲氧基化、氧化、脱甲基反应后制备得大黄酸。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种化合物的合成工艺,具体涉及大黄酸的全合成工艺。
背景技术
大黄(Rheum officinale Baill.)为常用中药,是传统泻下类中药的代表,来源于蓼科植物掌叶大黄Rheum palmatum L,唐古特大黄Rheum tanguticum Maxim.Ex Balf.或药用大黄Rheum officinale Baill.干燥根及根茎,具有泻下攻击,清热泻火,凉血解毒,逐瘀通经,利湿退黄之功效。大黄具多类药效活性成分,其中以蒽醌类,二蒽酮类,茋类,鞣质和多糖研究最多。其药理作用主要有调节胃肠功能,抗病原微生物,抗肿瘤,保护心脑血管,抗炎,保肝及抗衰老等。近年来国内外对大黄进行了大量研究,其药理作用不断被认识,临床应用范围逐步扩大,加之人们对中医药的不断认可,使得大黄临床使用量逐年加大,药材价格也随之攀升。
长春中医药大学李莉2014年博士学位论文《不同道地产区大黄资源现状与药材质量特征及其形成机制研究》,针对历代本草记述的“凉州大黄”、“铨水大黄”、“河州大黄”、“西宁大黄”、“庄浪大黄”、“岷县大黄”、“清水大黄”、“雅黄”8个道地产区大黄的资源蕴藏量和产地现状不清晰、药材质量特征不明确,以及药材质量差异形成的遗传和环境机制不明了的现状,系统开展了不同道地产区大黄资源调查和药材质量评价研究,研究结论指出不同道地产区大黄资源存在显著差异,西宁大黄和雅黄主要以野生资源为主,而甘肃境内各道地产区以栽培大黄为主,调查结果显示目前野生大黄资源已近濒危,栽培大黄由于栽培技术不规范,其药材质量有待于进一步提高。因此,大黄的植物资源的保护是目前迫切需要解决的问题。
大黄酸是大黄蒽醌类有效成分之一,是大黄的主要有效成分,现代研究表明大黄酸有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗菌、降血酯及调节肾功能等作用。近年来发现在治疗糖尿病肾病中体现出独特的疗效。大黄酸在植物界分布广泛,但含量较低,大黄中蒽醌总含量仅有3%~5%,其他植物中就更少,提取量较少,成本较高。用化学方法合成大黄酸具有较好的市场效益,也有利于和产品质量控制和大黄植物资源的保护。
目前大黄酸的合成有半合成与全合成二种方式。半合成工艺依赖天然资源,需要消耗大量的植物资源,具有局限性。如中国发明专利(申请号201110200055.3)公开了从芦荟大黄酸为原料经乙酰化制成三乙酰芦荟大黄素,然后经铬氧化制成双醋瑞因,最后脱乙酰合成大黄酸的半合成大黄酸的合成工艺;全合成相对于半合成,因为不依赖与自然资源而具有优势,如中国发明专利(申请号200410103346.0)公开了以3-硝基邻苯二甲酸酐和问甲酚为起始原料,经傅克酰化反应、铁粉还原反应、重氮化反应、水解反应、环合制备中间体大黄酚,然后经乙酰化处理,再氧化成双醋瑞因,最后脱乙酰合成大黄酸的半合成大黄酸的全合成工艺。如广东药学院张德志的硕士毕业论文《大黄的化学成分及有效成分大黄酸的本合成研究》公开了以Micheal加成反应制备大黄酸的全合成工艺。
全合成工艺目前均处于实验室阶段,还未有产业化的生产,这主要与目前全合成的工艺可行性有关,因此,迫切需要开发一种新型的,可工业化的大黄酸全合成工艺。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种大黄酸全合成工艺,该工艺首先采用了格氏反应生产格氏反应液,再以甲氧基邻苯二甲酸酐和格氏反应液为原料经缩合、环合等步骤合成大黄酸。
本发明公开的大黄酸全合成工艺具体步骤如下:
a.格氏反应:在带磁力搅拌和回流冷凝器的三口瓶中,加入镁粉和四氢呋喃溶液,在惰性气体保护下,控制容器中温度30-40℃,搅拌滴加3-R-5-硝基甲苯(R为卤素基),滴加毕,升温回流10-12小时,回流毕,冷却至30℃以下,过滤,滤液为格氏反应液,待用。
R:为卤素原子,-F、Cl、Br、I。
b.缩合反应:在带磁力搅拌和回流冷凝器的三口瓶中,加入甲氧基邻苯二甲酸酐和四氢呋喃溶液,在惰性气体保护下,控制温度10℃以下,搅拌滴加上述格氏反应液,滴加毕,升温回流3-4小时,回流毕,减压蒸干,蒸干物加碱溶解,过滤除去不溶解杂质,滤液加盐酸析出产物,过滤,滤饼烘干得中间体产物I。
c.脱水环合反应:在带磁力搅拌和回流冷凝器的三口瓶中,加入中间体产物I和二氯甲烷,控制温度在30度以下,搅拌滴加脱水剂进行反应,滴加毕,保温2-4小时,减压蒸除二氯甲烷,然后加少量水,使硫酸含量控制在70%以上,析出产物,过滤,滤饼用蒸馏水洗涤2次,烘干得中间体产物II。
d.甲氧基化反应:在带磁力搅拌和回流冷凝器的三口瓶中,加入中间体产物II和含20%甲醇钠的甲醇液,升温回流10-12小时,减压蒸除甲醇,加水搅拌成悬浮液,过滤,滤饼用稀碱洗涤2次,再用水洗至中性,烘干得中间体产物III。
e.氧化反应:在带磁力搅拌和回流冷凝器的三口瓶中,加入中间体产物III和蒸馏水,升温至回流,滴加高锰酸钾溶液,滴加毕,保持回流2-4小时,过滤,滤液加盐酸调节PH至酸性,物料析出,过滤,滤饼烘干得中间体产物IV。
f.脱甲基反应:在带磁力搅拌和回流冷凝器的三口瓶中,加入中间体产物IV和甲苯,升温至回流,滴加30%氢溴酸,滴加毕,保持回流10-12小时,减压蒸除甲苯,过滤,滤饼加碱溶解,过滤除去不溶解杂质,滤液加盐酸析出产物,抽滤,滤饼烘干得大黄酸。
本发明所述的卤素基选自-F、-Cl、-Br、-I,优选-Cl、-Br。
本发明所述的惰性气体选自氦气、氖气、氩气、氙气,优选氩气。
本发明所述的脱水机选自发烟硫酸、三氟乙酸酐(TFAA),优选发烟硫酸。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例仅仅用于进一步解释本发明,而不是对本发明范围的限制。
实施例1
全合成大黄酸工艺:
第一步:在带磁力搅拌和回流冷凝器的三口瓶中,加入2g镁粉,10ml四氢呋喃,在氩气保护下,控制温度35℃,滴加14g 3-溴-5-硝基甲苯,滴加毕,升温至回流,保持回流12小时,回流毕,冷却至25℃,过滤,滤液为格氏反应液,待用。
第二步:在带磁力搅拌和回流冷凝器的三口瓶中,加入14g 3-甲氧基邻苯二甲酸酐,50ml四氢呋喃溶液,溶解后,冷却至5℃,在氩气保护下,滴加上述格氏反应液,滴加时反应温度控制在5℃,滴加毕,保持1小时,缓慢升温回流3-4小时,回流毕,减压蒸去溶液,蒸干物加碱溶解,过滤后,加盐酸析出,过滤,烘干得产物得中间体产物I,得率91%。
第三步:在带磁力搅拌和回流冷凝器的三口瓶中,在将上步中间体产物I 1g溶解于15ml二氯甲烷中,控制温度25℃,缓慢滴加20%的发烟硫酸6g,滴加毕,保温4小时,蒸除二氯甲烷,并加少量水,使硫酸含量控制在80%,析出产物,过滤,滤饼用蒸馏水洗涤2次,烘干得中间体产物II,得率84%。
第四步:在带磁力搅拌和回流冷凝器的三口瓶中,将所得得中间体产物II溶解于含20%甲醇钠的甲醇液中,回流12小时,回流毕,减压蒸去甲醇,加水搅拌成悬浮液,过滤,滤饼用稀碱洗涤二次,再用水洗至中性,烘干得中间体产物III,得率86%。
第五步:在带磁力搅拌和回流冷凝器的三口瓶中,加入中间体产物III和蒸馏水,升温至回流,搅拌滴加高锰酸钾溶液,滴加毕,保持回流3小时,回流毕,过滤,滤液加盐酸调节PH至3.5,物料析出,过滤,滤饼烘干得中间体产物IV,得率75%。
第六步:在带磁力搅拌和回流冷凝器的三口瓶中,加入中间体产物IV和甲苯,升温至回流,滴加30%氢溴酸,滴加毕,保持回流10小时,回流毕,减压蒸除甲苯,过滤,滤饼加碱溶解,过滤除去不溶解杂质,滤液加盐酸析出产物,抽滤,滤饼烘干得大黄酸,得率56%。
在详细说明的较佳实施例之后,熟悉该项技术人士可清楚地了解,在不脱离上述申请专利范围与精神下可进行各种变化与修改,凡依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均属于本发明技术方案的范围。且本发明亦不受说明书中所举实例实施方式的限制。
Claims (4)
1.一种大黄酸的全合成工艺,其特征在于以甲氧基邻苯二甲酸酐和格氏反应液为原料,全合成工艺具体步骤:
a.在三口瓶中,加入镁粉和四氢呋喃溶液,在惰性气体保护下,控制容器中温度30-40℃,搅拌滴加3-R-5-硝基甲苯,滴加毕,升温至回流,回流10-12小时,回流毕,冷却至30℃以下,过滤,滤液为格氏反应液,待用。
b.在三口瓶中,加入甲氧基邻苯二甲酸酐和四氢呋喃溶液,在惰性气体保护下,控制温度10℃以下,搅拌滴加上述格氏反应液,滴加毕,升温至回流,回流3-4小时,回流毕,减压蒸干,蒸干物加碱溶解,过滤除去不溶解杂质,滤液加盐酸,析出产物,过滤,滤饼烘干得中间体产物I。
c.在三口瓶中,加入中间体产物I和二氯甲烷,控制温度在30度以下,搅拌滴加脱水剂进行反应,滴加毕,保温2-4小时,减压蒸除二氯甲烷,然后加少量水,使硫酸含量控制在70%以上,析出产物,过滤,滤饼用蒸馏水洗涤2次,烘干得中间体产物II。
d.在三口瓶中,加入中间体产物II和含20%甲醇钠的甲醇液,升温至回流,回流10-12小时,回流毕,减压蒸除甲醇,加水搅拌成悬浮液,过滤,滤饼用稀碱洗涤2次,再用水洗至中性,烘干得中间体产物III。
e.在三口瓶中,加入中间体产物III和蒸馏水,升温至回流,滴加高锰酸钾溶液,滴加毕,保持回流2-4小时,回流毕,过滤,滤液加盐酸调节PH至酸性,析出产物,过滤,滤饼烘干得中间体产物IV。
f.在三口瓶中,加入中间体产物IV和甲苯,升温至回流,滴加30%氢溴酸,滴加毕,保持回流10-12小时,回流毕,减压蒸除甲苯,过滤,滤饼加碱溶解,过滤除去不溶解杂质,滤液加盐酸析出产物,过滤,滤饼烘干得大黄酸。
2.权利要求1所述的R是卤素基选自-F、-Cl、-Br、-I。
3.权利要求1所述的惰性气体选自氦气、氖气、氩气、氙气。
4.权利要求1所述的脱水机选自发烟硫酸、三氟乙酸酐。
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