CN106941807B - Method for regularly dormancy breaking of dioscorea opposita seed potatoes - Google Patents
Method for regularly dormancy breaking of dioscorea opposita seed potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN106941807B CN106941807B CN201710157298.0A CN201710157298A CN106941807B CN 106941807 B CN106941807 B CN 106941807B CN 201710157298 A CN201710157298 A CN 201710157298A CN 106941807 B CN106941807 B CN 106941807B
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- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 235000002722 Dioscorea batatas Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 240000001811 Dioscorea oppositifolia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 235000003416 Dioscorea oppositifolia Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000006536 Dioscorea esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000004879 dioscorea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005869 Pyraclostrobin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HZRSNVGNWUDEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraclostrobin Chemical compound COC(=O)N(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1COC1=NN(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)C=C1 HZRSNVGNWUDEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 244000281702 Dioscorea villosa Species 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013606 potato chips Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000234272 Dioscoreaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for regularly dormancy breaking of dioscorea opposita seed potatoes, which comprises the following steps: naturally airing the mature yam blocks without diseases, insect pests and damage, and then putting the yam blocks into a warehouse for storage; the refrigeration time is determined according to the sowing time. 7-10 days before sowing, taking out from a refrigeration house, airing outdoors, cutting the chips into segments according to requirements, sterilizing by using a medicament, inducing germination by using a chemical, placing the chips in a sand heap for accelerating germination or directly sowing for accelerating germination, and germinating and sprouting in 15-20 days. The method can realize the 'timing dormancy breaking' according to the planting time arrangement requirement, the dormancy breaking germination rate can reach more than 90 percent, the emergence rate can reach more than 85 percent, the adjustment of the planting season and the harvesting time to market is realized, and the economic benefit is improved. The method can solve the seed source problem of the winter Chinese yam seeds in summer in the south, and can also sow and sprout seedlings in advance in the north, increase the effective growth period and improve the yield per unit and the quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese yam seed potatoes, in particular to a method for regularly dormancy breaking of Chinese yam seed potatoes.
Background
Rhizoma Dioscoreae (Dioscoreaoposita Thunb.) is also known as rhizoma Dioscoreae, rhizoma Solani Tuber osi, rhizoma Dioscoreae, and rhizoma Dioscoreae. Is dried rhizome of Dioscorea opposita Thunb of Dioscoreaceae. The Chinese yam is rich in nutrition and has good food therapy effect. In recent years, people pay more attention to nutrition and health, and Chinese yam is sought after by people. The demand of Chinese yam is not enough, and the price is gradually increased. Therefore, how to scientifically plant the Chinese yams is a topic worthy of research.
The yam seeds have the characteristic of dormancy, generally, the yam seeds can be harvested in 10-11 months in the same year and can germinate only after being sowed in 3 months in the next year, and the dormancy period is as long as 4-5 months, so that the yam seeds are strictly limited in planting season and harvesting time to market. Therefore, if the Chinese yam dormancy breaking and side-length seedling border tuber bearing can be realized, a new production mode of 'winter planting and summer harvesting' Chinese yam can be explored and developed for southern areas in China by using winter vacant land, sugarcane overwintering perennial root land and the like, early sowing and early seedling emergence can be realized in northern areas, and the effective growth period and the yield per unit are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method utilizes seed potatoes planted and harvested in the previous year to realize 'timed dormancy breaking' according to planting time arrangement requirements after low-temperature storage and related treatment, improves the germination rate and the emergence rate, realizes adjustment of planting seasons and harvesting time to market, and improves economic benefits.
The technical content of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention discloses a method for regularly dormancy breaking of yam seeds, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting potato blocks: selecting mature rhizoma Dioscoreae pieces without damage of disease and insect and mechanical injury, and naturally drying under good ventilation condition for 1-2 days.
(2) Pretreatment: placing the spare potato blocks into a refrigeration house for storage; firstly, arranging 8-15 cm-high battens on the ground of a refrigeration house, then regularly and transversely placing the chips on the battens, and fixing the periphery of the chips by using a wood frame.
(3) And (3) post-treatment: after the cold storage is finished, taking out the chips from the cold storage 7-10 days before the Chinese yam is sowed, and airing the chips outdoors for 3-5 days at the ventilated place again; and cutting the potato chips into segments with the length of 5-7cm for later use.
(4) And (3) disinfection: the following disinfectant is prepared according to the parts by weight: 4-8 parts of carbendazim, 1-2 parts of pyraclostrobin, 20-30 parts of quicklime powder and 5-8 parts of agricultural streptomycin; and uniformly mixing 1-3 kg of disinfectant with 100 kg of rhizoma dioscoreae and potato blocks for later use.
(5) Chemical induction: the yam seed is cut into blocks and placed in 8-15mg/L gibberellin, 25-50mg/L potassium humate and 2mg/L50% carbendazim aqueous suspending agent treatment liquid, the temperature is controlled to be 17-25 ℃, and the processing is carried out for 30-50 min.
(6) Accelerating germination: the potato blocks treated by the chemical agent are placed in a sand heap for accelerating germination or are directly sown in a seedbed for accelerating germination.
And (3) airing the potato blocks in the steps (1) and (3) at the temperature of 15-25 ℃.
And (3) putting the chips in the cold storage at a high height according to the height of the cold storage and convenience in manual operation.
The storage conditions of the refrigerator in the step (2) are as follows: controlling the temperature to be 5-7 ℃, and refrigerating for the following time: 7-10 days before the Chinese yam is sowed.
The Chinese yam is cut into blocks after the post-treatment, and the weight of each potato block is controlled to be 80-120 g.
The disinfectant preparation needs to crush all the components to 80-100 meshes, and needs to be diluted and stirred for the second time during disinfection and stirring, and the method comprises the following steps: mixing 1-3 kg of disinfectant with 20 kg of potato pieces, and mixing the mixture with the rest 80 kg of potato pieces until the mixture is uniform.
The disinfection also comprises a cutter for cutting the potato blocks, and the disinfection method comprises the following steps: soaking the cutter in 75% ethanol for 8-10 min.
The temperature of the sand heap or seedbed for accelerating germination is controlled to be above 25 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method of the invention can realize the regular dormancy breaking according to the planting time arrangement requirement after the seed potatoes planted and harvested in the previous year are stored at low temperature and are subjected to relevant treatment, the dormancy breaking germination rate can reach more than 90 percent, the emergence rate can reach more than 85 percent, the adjustment of the planting season and the harvesting time on the market is realized, and the economic benefit is improved. The method can solve the seed source problem of the winter Chinese yam seeds in summer in the south, and can also sow and sprout seedlings in advance in the north, increase the effective growth period and improve the yield per unit and the quality.
Detailed Description
Example the method was carried out in Shandongten, 11 months and 22 days in 12011.
(1) Selecting potato blocks: selecting Chinese yam harvested in Anhui in this year, and selecting the standard: the yam blocks are ripe, and have no harm of diseases and insects and no mechanical damage. Keeping the temperature at 15-25 deg.C under good ventilation condition, and naturally drying for 1-2 d.
(2) Pretreatment: placing the spare potato blocks into a refrigeration house for storage; firstly, arranging 8-15 cm-high battens on the ground of a refrigeration house, and then regularly and transversely placing the chips on the battens, wherein the periphery of the chips is fixed by a wood frame; the placing height of the chips in the cold storage depends on the height of the cold storage and the convenience of manual operation; the refrigeration conditions were: the temperature is controlled at 5-6 deg.C, and the product is refrigerated from 11 months and 22 days to 2012 months and 31 days.
(3) And (3) post-treatment: taking out the chips from the refrigeration house, and airing the chips outdoors for 3-4 days at the ventilation position again; then cutting the chips into segments with the length of 5-7cm, wherein each block has the mass of 80-100g, and a cutter used for cutting is sterilized in advance according to the following requirements: soaking the cutter in 75% ethanol for 8-10min, and planning to sow for 2/8 days in 2012.
(4) And (3) disinfection: the following disinfectant is prepared according to the parts by weight: 40 kg of carbendazim, 10 kg of pyraclostrobin, 200 kg of quicklime powder and 50 kg of agricultural streptomycin, respectively crushing the components to 80-100 meshes, and then uniformly stirring and mixing for later use; and 3 kg of disinfectant is mixed with 20 kg of common yam rhizome blocks in advance, and then mixed with the rest 80 kg of potato blocks until the mixture is uniform for later use.
(5) Chemical induction: the yam seed is cut into blocks and placed in 8-15mg/L gibberellin, 25-50mg/L potassium humate and 2mg/L50% carbendazim aqueous suspending agent treatment liquid, the temperature is controlled to be 17-25 ℃, and the processing is carried out for 30-50 min.
(6) Accelerating germination: the potato blocks treated by the chemical agent are placed in a sand heap for accelerating germination or are directly sown in a seedbed for accelerating germination, the temperature of the sand heap or the seedbed is controlled to be 25-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 60-70%, and the potato blocks germinate and emerge in 15 days.
The statistical and analytical results show that the germination rate of the yam tuber processed in Shandong Tengzhou is 92.4%, and the average emergence rate is 88.2%.
Example the method was carried out in Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 2 months and 1 day, 22013.
(1) Selecting potato blocks: the method comprises the steps of selecting Chinese yam harvested at the end of 10 months in a certain county of Huai Nan, Anhui province as seed yam, selecting mature Chinese yam blocks without damage of diseases and insects and mechanical damage, and naturally airing for 2-3d under a good ventilation condition at the temperature of 15-25 ℃ for later use.
(2) Pretreatment: placing the spare potato blocks into a refrigeration house for storage; firstly, arranging 8-15 cm-high battens on the ground of a refrigeration house, and then regularly and transversely placing the chips on the battens, wherein the periphery of the chips is fixed by a wood frame; the placing height of the chips in the cold storage depends on the height of the cold storage and the convenience of manual operation; the refrigeration conditions were: controlling the temperature at 5-7 deg.C, refrigerating to 4 months and 3 days, and planning seeding time at 4 months and 12 days.
(3) And (3) post-treatment: taking out the chips from the refrigeration house, and airing the chips outdoors for 3-5 days at the ventilation position again; then cutting the potato chips into segments with the length of 5-7cm, wherein each block has the mass of 100-: soaking the cutter in 75% ethanol for 8-10 min.
(4) And (3) disinfection: the following disinfectant is prepared according to the parts by weight: 80 kg of carbendazim, 20 kg of pyraclostrobin, 300 kg of quicklime powder and 80 kg of agricultural streptomycin, respectively crushing the components to 80-100 meshes, and uniformly stirring for later use; and uniformly mixing 1 kg of disinfectant with 20 kg of rhizoma dioscoreae potato pieces, and then mixing with the rest 80 kg of potato pieces until the mixture is uniform for later use.
(5) Chemical induction: the yam seed is cut into blocks and placed in 8-15mg/L gibberellin, 25-50mg/L potassium humate and 2mg/L50% carbendazim aqueous suspending agent treatment liquid, the temperature is controlled to be 17-25 ℃, and the processing is carried out for 30-50 min.
(6) Accelerating germination: placing the potato blocks treated by the chemical agent in a sand heap for accelerating germination or directly sowing in a seedbed for accelerating germination, controlling the temperature of the sand heap or the seedbed to be 26-28 ℃ and the humidity to be more than 80%, and germinating and sprouting in 20 days. The analysis result shows that: the germination rate of the potato blocks in the test is 95.2%, and the average emergence rate is 85.6%.
Example 3 the method is implemented in shanxi Yang Ling village, and the implementation time is 12 months and 12 days in 2014.
(1) Selecting potato blocks: selecting Chinese yam harvested at the beginning of 11 months without stannum in Jiangsu as seed potato, selecting mature Chinese yam blocks without damage of diseases and insects and mechanical damage, and naturally airing for 1-2d under the condition of good ventilation at the temperature of 15-25 ℃ for later use.
(2) Pretreatment: placing the spare potato blocks into a refrigeration house for storage; firstly, arranging 8-15 cm-high battens on the ground of a refrigeration house, and then regularly and transversely placing the chips on the battens, wherein the periphery of the chips is fixed by a wood frame; the placing height of the chips in the cold storage depends on the height of the cold storage and the convenience of manual operation; the refrigeration conditions were: controlling the temperature at 5-7 deg.C, refrigerating to 2015 year 3, month 6 days, and planning planting time to 3 months 13 days.
(3) And (3) post-treatment: taking out the chips from the refrigeration house, and airing the chips outdoors for 3-5 days at the ventilation position again; then cutting the chips into segments with the length of 5-7cm, wherein each segment has the mass of 90-110g, and a cutter used for cutting is sterilized in advance according to the following requirements: soaking the cutter in 75% ethanol for 8-10 min.
(4) And (3) disinfection: the following disinfectant is prepared according to the parts by weight: 60 kg of carbendazim, 15 kg of pyraclostrobin, 25 kg of quicklime powder and 60 kg of agricultural streptomycin, and the components are crushed to 80-100 meshes and then are stirred and mixed uniformly; and uniformly mixing 2 kg of disinfectant with 20 kg of rhizoma dioscoreae potato pieces, and then mixing with the rest 80 kg of potato pieces until the mixture is uniform for later use.
(5) Chemical induction: the yam seed is cut into blocks and placed in 8-15mg/L gibberellin, 25-50mg/L potassium humate and 2mg/L50% carbendazim aqueous suspending agent treatment liquid, the temperature is controlled to be 17-25 ℃, and the processing is carried out for 30-50 min.
(6) Accelerating germination: the potato blocks treated by the chemical agent are placed in a sand heap for accelerating germination or are directly sown in a seedbed for accelerating germination, the temperature of the sand heap or the seedbed is controlled to be 25-28 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 60-70%, and the potato blocks germinate and emerge in 18 days. Statistics show that: the average germination rate of the test is 94.6%, and the average emergence rate is 90.0%.
Claims (4)
1. A method for regularly dormancy breaking of yam seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting potato blocks: selecting mature rhizoma Dioscoreae pieces without damage of disease and insect and mechanical damage, and naturally drying under good ventilation condition for 1-2 days;
(2) pretreatment: placing the spare potato blocks into a refrigeration house for storage, firstly arranging 8-15 cm-high wood strips on the ground of the refrigeration house, then regularly and transversely placing the potato strips on the wood strips, and fixing the periphery of the potato strips by using a wood frame;
(3) and (3) post-treatment: after the cold storage is finished, taking the chips out of the cold storage 7-10 days before the Chinese yam is sowed, airing the chips outdoors for 3-5 days at a ventilated place again, and cutting the chips into segments with the length of 5-7cm for later use;
(4) and (3) disinfection: the following disinfectant is prepared according to the parts by weight: 4-8 parts of carbendazim, 1-2 parts of pyraclostrobin, 20-30 parts of quicklime powder and 5-8 parts of agricultural streptomycin; uniformly mixing 1-3 kg of disinfectant with 100 kg of rhizoma dioscoreae and potato blocks for later use;
(5) chemical induction: cutting rhizoma Dioscoreae into pieces, placing in 8-15mg/L gibberellin, 25-50mg/L potassium humate and 2mg/L50% carbendazim water suspending agent treatment solution, controlling the temperature at 17-25 deg.C, and treating for 30-50 min;
(6) accelerating germination: putting the potato blocks treated by the chemical agent in a sand heap for accelerating germination or directly sowing in a seedbed for accelerating germination;
airing the potato blocks in the steps (1) and (3) at the temperature of 15-25 ℃;
the storage conditions of the refrigerator in the step (2) are as follows: controlling the temperature to be 5-7 ℃;
the Chinese yam is cut into pieces after the post-treatment, and the weight of each piece is controlled to be 80-120 g;
the temperature of the sand heap or seedbed for accelerating germination is controlled to be above 25 ℃.
2. The method for regularly dormancy breaking of yam seeds as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) putting the chips in the cold storage at a high height according to the height of the cold storage and convenience in manual operation.
3. The method for regularly dormancy breaking of yam seeds as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the disinfectant preparation needs to crush all the components to 80-100 meshes, and needs to be diluted and stirred for the second time during disinfection and stirring, and the method comprises the following steps: mixing 1-3 kg of disinfectant with 20 kg of potato pieces, and mixing the mixture with the rest 80 kg of potato pieces until the mixture is uniform.
4. The method for regularly dormancy breaking of yam seeds as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the disinfection also comprises a cutter for cutting the potato blocks, and the disinfection method comprises the following steps: soaking the cutter in 75% ethanol for 8-10 min.
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| CN106961947B (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2020-02-21 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Planting method for interplanting Chinese yam in overwintering perennial root sugarcane field |
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