CN106961947B - Planting method for interplanting Chinese yam in overwintering perennial root sugarcane field - Google Patents
Planting method for interplanting Chinese yam in overwintering perennial root sugarcane field Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for interplanting common yam rhizome in an overwintering perennial root sugarcane field, which is used for interplanting common yam rhizome in an overwintering perennial root sugarcane field in a southern area and comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out disinfection and germination acceleration treatment on the dioscorea opposita seed potatoes subjected to low-temperature sleep inhibition treatment; secondly, digging dioscorea opposita planting ditches among sugarcane field lines; thirdly, laying and returning soil for the longitudinal strips; fourthly, placing the potato seeds and covering soil; fifthly, building a small arched shed for cold protection and seedling protection in winter; sixthly, field management; and seventhly, harvesting the chips. According to the method, the Chinese yam is interplanted in the strip-shaped manner in the overwintering perennial root sugarcane field, so that the yield of the Chinese yam in one season is obtained, meanwhile, the fertilizer remained in the soil after the Chinese yam is harvested is beneficial to the utilization of the overwintering sugarcane, the yield of the sugarcane is increased, the Chinese yam is doubled, the planting efficiency can be improved, and the application range of Chinese yam planting is enlarged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method of economic crops, in particular to a planting method for interplanting Chinese yam in an overwintering perennial root sugarcane field.
Background
Sugarcane is an important sugar crop in China, wherein perennial root sugarcane plants account for more than 70% of the total area of the sugarcane, and the sugarcane has the characteristics of long growth period, and the whole growth period is more than 12 months. After wide-narrow row planting is carried out on sugarcane, the ground exposure time between rows is 4-6 months, and in this period, other short-term crops are reasonably sleeved, so that space and time can be effectively obtained, land and light energy resources are fully utilized, the multiple cropping index is increased, the land utilization rate is improved, and the aim of effectively increasing economic benefits of unit area and stabilizing the sugarcane planting area is fulfilled.
The interplanting crops of sugarcane have been studied more, and the inventor searches the following inventions:
1. patent grant publication No. CN 101352124B: the invention discloses a three-dimensional cultivation method for interplanting sugarcane and eggplants, which comprises the following steps: wuzhengrolling, Yang Hongchang, Yang Shisheng, Ouisui and Yixingxiang invent a cultivation method for mutual interplanting of sugarcane and eggplant; 2. patent application publication No. CN 103718799 a: the invention relates to a technology for interplanting watermelons in sugarcane, which comprises the following steps: the patent introduces a planting technology for interplanting watermelons in sugarcane; 3. patent application publication No. CN 104982178A: the method for interplanting panus giganteus in the sugarcane field comprises the following steps: delavay, discloses a method for interplanting panus giganteus in a sugarcane field; 4. patent application publication No. CN 105248142A: the invention discloses a method for interplanting watermelons in sugarcane, which comprises the following steps: penting also discloses a method for interplanting watermelons in sugarcane; 5. patent application publication No. CN 104705045 a: the invention discloses a cultivation method for interplanting sugarcane and tomatoes, which comprises the following steps: the face is very beautiful, and discloses a cultivation method for interplanting sugarcane and tomato; 6. patent application publication No. CN 104396536A: the invention discloses a method for interplanting potatoes in a sugarcane field, which comprises the following steps: regulating the Chinese character 'Gong Ying' discloses a planting method for interplanting potatoes in sugarcane; 7. patent application publication No. CN 102687636 a: the wide-box and wide-band cultivation method of the sugarcane comprises the following steps: zhangzhengzheng, Lujia Gao and Li Yongyong, and discloses a planting method for interplanting dwarf crops such as soybeans, peanuts, hot peppers and the like in one season in sugarcane; 8. invention of authorization notice number CN 103141288B: the cultivation method of interplanting fritillaria among sugarcane in a greenhouse in Nantong area comprises the following steps: jimeilin discloses a method for efficiently cultivating fritillaria by interplanting sugarcane in a greenhouse in a Nantong area, and in addition, the method applies for interplanting sugarcane and includes the following steps: soybean, taro, sweet corn, waxy corn, common corn, clover, pumpkin, kale, cucumber, sweet potato, mulberry branch, black fungus, mulberry branch and glossy ganoderma, etc. However, no patent or invention for interplanting sugarcane and common yam rhizome is available.
Rhizoma Dioscoreae (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) is also known as rhizoma Dioscoreae, rhizoma Solani tuber osi, rhizoma Dioscoreae, and rhizoma Dioscoreae. Is dried rhizome of Dioscorea opposita Thunb of Dioscoreaceae. The Chinese yam is rich in nutrition and has good food therapy effect. In recent years, people pay more attention to nutrition and health, and Chinese yam is sought after by people. The demand of Chinese yam is not enough, and the price is gradually increased. Therefore, how to scientifically plant the Chinese yams is a topic worthy of research. Because the Chinese yam has the characteristic of downward natural growth, the tubers of the Chinese yam can grow to the ground bottom, and some Chinese yam tubers can grow up to one meter, so the traditional Chinese yam planting technology needs deep groove planting and deep digging harvesting, takes labor and time and is very easy to damage the tubers. The oriented potato bearing technology can well solve the problem. In recent years, with the development of agricultural technology, the oriented potato bearing cultivation of Chinese yam is more and more popular with growers. Most of the prior directional potato bearing adopts a directional groove or a directional cylinder, and the related reports are as follows:
1. chinese patent No.: 201410172903.8, the invention relates to a method for cultivating Chinese yam in shallow direction, which comprises the steps of potato seed treatment, soil preparation, shallow groove and substrate placement, base fertilizer application, planting, field management, pest control and the like. The patent solves the problems that the traditional Chinese yam planting technology needs deep groove planting, deep digging and harvesting, labor and cost are wasted, and tubers are easily damaged.
2. Chinese patent No.: 201510739612.7, the invention discloses a no-tillage ecological cultivation method for Chinese yam, which selects non-staple grain production land for no-tillage ecological cultivation, and comprises the steps of arranging planting grooves, preparing planting bag materials, treating seeds, sowing, managing in field, harvesting and the like. The planting groove is arranged as follows: slotting is carried out manually or by a small machine, when slotting, a semicircular tool is used for breaking the soil from top to bottom to slot, the depth of the upper part of the planting slot is 14-16 cm, the depth of the lower part of the planting slot is 18-20 cm, and finally the slot bottom is in a smooth semicircular shape; the whole planting groove is 10-30 degrees from the horizontal plane. By using the method, the non-cultivated land planting production of the dioscorea opposita can be further widened, and the income and food sources of farmers are increased.
3. Chinese patent No.: 201610241935.8, the invention relates to an ecological planting method for directional potato bearing on powder ridges of Chinese yam, which comprises the steps of utilizing dry land or gentle slope land to carry out powder ridge cultivation, adopting a semicircular tubular groove mold driven by hydraulic pressure of a mechanical device for powder ridges to manufacture planting grooves, and carrying out the high-efficiency cultivation of the directional potato bearing on the powder ridges of the Chinese yam, wherein the steps comprise: the method comprises the steps of ridge-crushing tillage soil preparation, creation of a bottom semicircular planting groove, laying and soil returning of a plastic film in the planting groove, planting of dioscorea opposita seeds or dioscorea opposita potatoes, field management, harvesting of chips and plastic film treatment after harvesting. The Chinese yam is simple and portable from soil preparation planting, field management to harvesting, realizes high-efficiency planting of the Chinese yam on the powder ridges, and is favorable for promoting the rapid development of the Chinese yam planting industry.
How to mutually fuse the sugarcane interplanting and the most advanced planting technology of the Chinese yam, can utilize the non-cultivated land type such as dry sloping land or mountain land to the maximum extent to plant the Chinese yam, and has great significance for enlarging the planting area of the Chinese yam, improving the annual output and increasing the food sources of urban and rural residents. The method widens the planting and utilizing range of the dioscorea opposita, not only can play the ecological and economic potential of the existing dry sloping fields and mountainous regions, but also can relieve the current situation of shortage of cultivated land resources in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a planting method which fully utilizes the characteristics of wide row spacing and long bare land time of overwintering perennial root sugarcane, improves the multiple cropping index by improving the land utilization rate, exerts the advantages of mutual matching and mutual fusion of the planting characteristics of the sugarcane and the dioscorea opposita, and achieves the yield increase of the sugarcane and the yield increase of the sugarcane.
The technical content of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention relates to a planting method for interplanting Chinese yam in a perennial root sugarcane field, which is characterized in that Chinese yam is interplanted between lines of the perennial root sugarcane field, and two crops are in mutual profit and symbiosis, and the planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) seed potatoes used were: carrying out low-temperature sleep suppression treatment on dioscorea opposita seeds suitable for winter planting and summer harvesting, disinfecting the dioscorea opposita seeds in 10-11 months, accelerating germination, taking out the dioscorea opposita seeds, and airing the dioscorea opposita seeds.
(2) Arranging a yam longitudinal belt directional planting ditch in a sugarcane field: after the sugarcane is cut and harvested, a sidewalk or a drainage ditch is taken between two rows or four rows of sugarcane, soil at the bottom of the rows is cleaned by a small ditcher, and ditching is carried out according to the slope of 8-15 degrees, the bottom of 15-25cm and the width of the upper part of 25-35cm in a segmented mode to form a strip ditch with a smooth bottom.
(3) Laying and reclaiming the color strips or other hard materials: in the ditch, a long plastic color strip cloth or other hard materials with the width of about 20cm is laid, and then the soil with the thickness of 10cm is backfilled to wait for sowing.
(4) Placing the seed potatoes and covering soil: placing the dioscorea opposita seeds according to the shape of Chinese character pin with the plant spacing of 35-40cm, then covering the seeds with loose soil of 15-20cm, and covering with sugarcane leaves or straws.
(5) Field management: fertilizing in time to promote the growth and the tuber bearing of the common yam rhizome; building a small arched shed for cold protection and seedling protection in winter; and performing other field management measures according to conventional Chinese yam planting management.
(6) Harvesting the potato chips: in 5-6 months of the next year, the seed yams of the common yam rhizome can be harvested after being mature, soil is removed during harvesting, and then the common yam rhizome chips can be harvested.
The sleep suppression treatment is carried out under the low temperature condition in the step (1), and the low temperature is controlled to be 5-7 ℃.
After covering and loosening the soil, pouring root fixing water, wherein the formula is as follows: 1.0-10.0g/L of copper sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of zinc sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of ammonium molybdate, 1.0-10.0g/L of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-5g/L of ferrous sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of manganese sulfate, 0.5-5g/L of boric acid, 0.01-0.1g/L of amino-oligosaccharide, 0.2-0.5g/L of sodium naphthalene acetate, 0.01-0.1g/L of indolebutyric acid, 0.2-1g/L of polyethylene glycol (6000), 10.0-15.0g/L of indolebutyric acid and the balance of alginic acid, and the using method comprises the following steps: diluting by 100 times and spraying by 200 times.
The fertilization in the step (5) is as follows: and applying enough base fertilizer and timely additional fertilizer, applying enough thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure on the base fertilizer, matching with the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and the high-phosphate fertilizer, and applying the high-nitrogen high-potassium fertilizer on the additional fertilizer once a month.
The other field management measures in the step (5) comprise the following steps: when the base fertilizer is applied, 10% fosthiazate granules and 2% imidacloprid granules are simultaneously used for preventing and controlling nematodes, the effective components used per mu are respectively 300 g and 40-60 g, and soil is covered after the application is finished; in the growth period, 25 percent pyraclostrobin missible oil is sprayed at the early stage of disease occurrence, diluted by 5000-8000 times by adding water and sprayed once every 7 to 10 days for preventing and treating for 2 to 3 times.
. Common pests of sugarcane are sugarcane turtles and sugarcane borers, the optimal prevention and control period of the sugarcane turtles and the sugarcane borers is the early prevention and control period of granules, and the time for preventing and controlling the nematodes by using the common yam rhizome is the same period, so that the sugarcane turtles and the sugarcane borers can be prevented and controlled simultaneously, and the labor cost is saved; meanwhile, when the common yam rhizome is used for preventing and treating leaf spot or anthracnose in the growing period, the vigorous sugarcane can be controlled and the harm of thrips in the early period can be prevented and controlled simultaneously.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the Chinese yam is interplanted in the strip-shaped manner in the overwintering perennial root sugarcane field, so that the yield of the Chinese yam in one season is obtained, meanwhile, the fertilizer remained in the soil after the Chinese yam is harvested is beneficial to the utilization of the overwintering sugarcane, the yield of the sugarcane is increased, the number of the sugarcane and the number of the yam are two, the planting efficiency can be improved, and the application range of Chinese.
Detailed Description
The invention is demonstrated and popularized by a technical team with a lead in Guangxi south-Ning Wuming county, Beihai Hepu and Nanning Bingyang county by the inventor Wer professor, and data statistical analysis is carried out for three years, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
(1) seed potatoes used were: the method comprises the steps of placing Guihuai No. 5 Huai Chinese yams harvested in the previous year at a low temperature of 5-7 ℃ for sleep suppression treatment, lasting for 10-11 months in the next year, taking out the Chinese yams, sterilizing, placing the Chinese yam seed tubers into 8-15mg/L gibberellin and 2 mg/L50% carbendazim aqueous suspension treatment liquid, controlling the temperature to be 17-25 ℃, treating for 30 min, taking out the seed tubers, and airing.
(2) Arranging a yam longitudinal belt directional planting ditch in a sugarcane field: after the sugarcane is cut and harvested, a sidewalk or a drainage ditch is taken between two rows or four rows of sugarcane, soil at the bottom of the rows is cleaned by a small ditcher, and ditching is carried out according to the slope of 8-15 degrees, the bottom of 15-25cm and the width of the upper part of 25-35cm in a segmented mode to form a strip ditch with a smooth bottom.
(3) Laying and reclaiming the color strips or other hard materials: in the ditch, a long plastic color strip cloth or other hard materials with the width of about 20cm is laid, and then the soil with the thickness of 10cm is backfilled to wait for sowing.
(4) Placing the seed potatoes and covering soil: placing the dioscorea opposita seeds according to the shape of Chinese character pin with the plant spacing of 35-40cm, loosening soil 15-20cm above the seeds, and covering with sugarcane leaves or straws.
After the covering and loosening of the soil, root fixing water can be sprayed as required, and the formula is as follows: 1.0-10.0g/L of copper sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of zinc sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of ammonium molybdate, 1.0-10.0g/L of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-5g/L of ferrous sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of manganese sulfate, 0.5-5g/L of boric acid, 0.01-0.1g/L of amino-oligosaccharide, 0.2-0.5g/L of sodium naphthalene acetate, 0.01-0.1g/L of indolebutyric acid, 0.2-1g/L of polyethylene glycol (6000), 10.0-15.0g/L of indolebutyric acid and the balance of alginic acid, and the using method comprises the following steps: diluting by 100 times and spraying by 200 times.
(5) Field management: applying sufficient farmyard manure as base fertilizer, applying 1000 kg of decomposed chicken and duck manure per mu in combination with 50 kg of compound fertilizer (18-17-15), topdressing in time during growth, topdressing once every month, applying 30 kg of compound fertilizer (18-8-18) each time, covering soil after ditching and broadcasting, promoting long seedlings of Chinese yam to bear potatoes, and building a small arch shed for cold protection and seedling protection in winter; other field management measures are carried out according to conventional dioscorea opposita planting management, the prevention and control of nematodes and diseases are emphasized, when the nematodes are prevented and controlled, 10% fosthiazate granules and 2% imidacloprid granules are used, the active ingredients for each mu are respectively 300 g and 40-60 g, after the application is finished, soil is covered, 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil is sprayed at the initial stage of disease occurrence during the growth period, the pyraclostrobin missible oil is diluted by 8000 times with water, and the spraying is carried out once every 7-10 days for 2-3 times.
(6) Harvesting the potato chips: in 5-6 months of the next year, the seed yams of the common yam rhizome can be harvested after being mature, soil is removed during harvesting, and then the common yam rhizome chips can be harvested.
TABLE 1 Wuming, Hepu and Biyang sugar cane, Huai shan production statistics table (2013-2015 year)
Claims (3)
1. A planting method for interplanting common yam rhizome in an overwintering perennial root sugarcane field is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for interplanting the dioscorea opposita among the lines of the perennial root sugarcane field and realizing the mutual beneficial symbiosis of the two crops comprises the following steps:
(1) seed potatoes used were: carrying out disinfection and germination acceleration treatment on the dioscorea opposita seed potatoes which are subjected to low-temperature sleep inhibition treatment and are suitable for winter planting and summer harvesting in 10-11 months, taking out the seed potatoes and drying in the air;
(2) arranging a yam longitudinal belt directional planting ditch in a sugarcane field: after cutting and harvesting the sugarcanes, taking a sidewalk or a drainage ditch between two rows or four rows of sugarcanes, cleaning soil at the bottom of the rows by using a small ditcher, and ditching according to the slope of 8-15 degrees, the bottom of 15-25cm and the width of the upper part of 25-35cm in a segmented manner to form a strip ditch with a smooth bottom;
(3) laying and reclaiming the color strips or other hard materials: paving long plastic color strip cloth or other hard materials with the width of about 20cm in the ditch, then backfilling soil with the thickness of 10cm, and waiting for sowing;
(4) placing the seed potatoes and covering soil: placing the dioscorea opposita seeds according to the shape of Chinese character pin with the plant spacing of 35-40cm, covering the seeds with loose soil of 15-20cm, and covering with sugarcane leaves or straws;
(5) field management: fertilizing in time to promote the growth and the tuber bearing of the common yam rhizome; building a small arched shed for cold protection and seedling protection in winter; performing other field management measures according to conventional dioscorea opposita planting management;
(6) harvesting the potato chips: in 5-6 months of the next year, the seed yams of the common yam rhizome can be harvested after being mature, and when the seeds are harvested, soil is pulled open, and then the common yam rhizome chips can be harvested;
the sleep suppression treatment is carried out under the low temperature condition in the step (1), and the low temperature is controlled to be 5-7 ℃;
after covering and loosening the soil, pouring root fixing water, wherein the formula is as follows: 1.0-10.0g/L of copper sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of zinc sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of ammonium molybdate, 1.0-10.0g/L of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-5g/L of ferrous sulfate, 1.0-10.0g/L of manganese sulfate, 0.5-5g/L of boric acid, 0.01-0.1g/L of amino-oligosaccharin, 0.2-0.5g/L of sodium naphthalene acetate, 0.01-0.1g/L of indolebutyric acid, 60000.2-1 g/L of polyethylene glycol, 10.0-15.0g/L of alginic acid and the balance of water, and the using method is as follows: diluting by 100 times and spraying by 200 times.
2. The planting method for interplanting Chinese yams in the overwintering perennial root sugarcane field according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fertilization in the step (5) is as follows: and applying enough base fertilizer and timely additional fertilizer, applying enough thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure on the base fertilizer, matching with the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and the high-phosphate fertilizer, and applying the high-nitrogen high-potassium fertilizer on the additional fertilizer once a month.
3. The planting method for interplanting Chinese yams in the overwintering perennial root sugarcane field according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the other field management measures in the step (5) comprise the following steps: when the base fertilizer is applied, 10% fosthiazate granules and 2% imidacloprid granules are simultaneously used for preventing and controlling nematodes, the effective components used per mu are respectively 300 g and 40-60 g, and soil is covered after the application is finished; in the growth period, 25 percent pyraclostrobin missible oil is sprayed at the early stage of disease occurrence, diluted by 5000-8000 times by adding water and sprayed once every 7 to 10 days for preventing and treating for 2 to 3 times.
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| CN106941807A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-07-14 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of Chinese yam rhizome potato seed timing dormancy breaking method |
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| 我国淮山药产业发展现状及对策;韦本辉;《现代农业科技》;20120331(第3期);第352-354页 * |
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