CN106913717A - 一种蒲地蓝口服液的制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种蒲地蓝口服液的制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种蒲地蓝口服液的制备方法和用途,属于中药制剂技术领域。本发明的口服液由蒲公英、板蓝根、苦地丁和黄芩四种中草药经提取浓缩后得到提取物,按照特定工艺制备而成,制成适合服用的口服液剂型,有效的掩盖了药物不良口味,解决了药物口感问题。本发明改善了提取方式,使提取时间大大缩短,主要有效成分的含量显著提高,减少服药剂量,具有清热解毒、抗炎消肿等功效,且有效成分含量高、服用剂量小,用于治疗腮腺炎、咽炎、扁桃体炎或疖肿等疾病。本发明所述的蒲地蓝口服液,适合儿童服用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药制剂技术领域,更具体地说,涉及一种蒲地蓝口服液及制备方法和用途。
背景技术
蒲地蓝由蒲公英、板蓝根、地丁、黄芩四味中药组成,功效为清热解毒、抗炎消肿。
蒲公英全草含蒲公英甾醇,胆碱,菊糖,咖啡酸,果胶,蒲公英醇,β-香树脂醇,豆甾醇,β-谷甾醇,蒲公英赛醇,蒲公英素,蒲公英苦素和维生素A、B、C等。其中,蒲公英的有效成分包括咖啡酸和菊苣酸。
板蓝根含靛蓝,靛玉红,蒽醌类,β-谷甾醇,γ-谷甾醇以及多种氨基酸:精氨酸,谷氨酸,酪氨酸,脯氨酸,缬氨酸,γ-氨基丁酸。还含黑芥子甙,靛甙,色胺酮,1-硫氰酸-2-羟基丁-3-烯,表告伊春,腺甙,棕榈酸,蔗糖和含有12%氨基酸的蛋白多糖。
苦地丁为罂粟科植物地丁紫堇的全草。全草含多种生物碱:消旋的和右旋的紫董醇灵碱,乙酰紫堇醇灵碱,四氢黄连碱,原阿片碱,右旋异紫堇醇灵碱,四氢刻叶紫堇明碱,二氢血根碱,乙酰异紫堇醇灵碱,11-表紫堇醇灵碱,紫堇文碱,比枯枯灵碱,12-羟基紫堇醇灵碱,斯氏紫堇碱,碎叶紫堇碱,大枣碱,去甲大枣碱,异波尔定碱,右旋地丁紫堇碱,右旋13-表紫堇醇灵碱。
黄芩主要含黄酮类化合物:黄芩苷为黄芩的主要有效成分,分子式为C21H18O11,分子量为446.35,为黄色结晶,熔点223℃或淡黄色针晶(甲醇)。
已有蒲地蓝消炎片收载于《中华人民共和国药品标准中药成方制剂第三册》,蒲地蓝口服液收载于《中华人民共和国药典》2015版一部。基于这四种中药的独特优点,目前市面上多有蒲地蓝口服液、消炎片、消炎胶囊等剂型,使用后副作用小,安全性高。例如中国专利申请号为2006100837064的专利申请文件公开了一种消炎药物及其制备方法,涉及蒲地蓝口服液及其制备方法;中国专利申请号为2005101080080的专利申请文件公开了蒲地蓝消炎颗粒的制备方法及该方法制备的蒲地蓝消炎颗粒;中国专利申请号为2015104294371的专利申请文件公开了蒲地蓝消炎片的制备方法。
市售蒲地蓝在临床上使用,虽然疗效确切,但疗效发挥缓慢,主要是因为市售蒲地蓝中的有效成分浓度低,药效还有待进一步提高。虽然通过浓缩可以提高蒲地蓝口服液中的有效成分含量,但是同样会增加其中的杂质含量,带来一定的副作用。
《中国药典》2015版第四部规定:口服液系指原料药物溶解于适宜溶剂中制成的供口服的澄清液体制剂。单剂量灌装的合剂也可称“口服液”。除另有规定外,含蔗糖量一般不高于20%(g/mL)。
发明内容
1.要解决的问题
针对现有的蒲地蓝中药存在有效成分低、口感差的问题,本发明提供一种蒲地蓝口服液及制备方法和用途,有效掩盖药物不良气味,制成口服液剂型。本发明改善了提取方式,使提取时间大大缩短,主要有效成分的含量显著提高,减少服药剂量。通过用合理的工艺方法提取四味药物,最大限度保持和提纯药物活性成分,从而开发疗效更强的药物,是本发明主旨之一。本发明在有效成分含量以及药物疗效方面,比较市售蒲地蓝口服液,具有优异效果。
2.技术方案
为了解决上述问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种蒲地蓝口服液,包括苦地丁、板蓝根、蒲公英和黄芩的提取物,还包括蔗糖,所述的提取物由苦地丁1~3重量份,板蓝根2~4重量份,蒲公英6~9重量份和黄芩2~4重量份经提取浓缩得到;加入蔗糖,使制剂中蔗糖含量为10%~20%(g/mL),提取物中有效成分包括黄芩苷,口服液中黄芩苷的含量大于10mg/mL;杂质含量不超过7%。
更进一步地,提取物中有效成分还包括菊苣酸和咖啡酸,口服液中菊苣酸的含量大于1mg/mL,咖啡酸的含量大于0.1mg/mL。
更进一步地,所述的杂质包括蛋白质、鞣质、色素、原儿茶酸、槲皮素、木犀草素等。
更进一步地,还包括芳香剂和防腐剂,芳香剂的质量含量为0.2%~1%,防腐剂的质量含量为0.01%~0.5%,其中芳香剂包括杏仁香精、草莓香精、甜橙香精、荔枝香精、苹果香精、牛奶香精、芒果香精、柠檬香精、巧克力香精,桔子香精中的一种或几种,防腐剂包括山梨酸、山梨酸钾、脱氢乙酸钠、乳酸钠、羟苯甲酸乙酯、柠檬酸钠中的一种或几种。
更进一步地,还包括甜味剂,质量含量为0.2%~25%,甜味剂为常用的可食用添加剂,包括高倍甜味剂和低倍甜味剂,高倍甜味剂为阿斯巴甜、甜菊糖苷、安赛蜜、甜蜜素、三氯蔗糖中的一种或几种;低倍甜味剂为山梨醇、木糖醇、果糖、蜂蜜、麦芽糖、淀粉糖、乳糖、蔗糖中的一种或几种。
本发明的口服液制剂中还可以包括盐、糊精、麦芽糊精、甘油、CMC-Na中的一种或几种,含量为3%~10%。
上述的一种蒲地蓝口服液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
<1>制备苦地丁、板蓝根和蒲公英的提取物,包括如下步骤:
<a>蒲公英和板蓝根用15~20倍水煎煮提取,提取两次,每次1-2h,加入明胶1-5%,静置,过滤取上清;
<b>苦地丁用15~20倍水煎煮两次,每次1-2h;
<c>将步骤<a>和步骤<b>的提取液混合,浓缩,加入壳聚糖至0.1-2%,调节PH至1-2,静置,过滤;
<2>制备黄岑的提取物,包括如下步骤:
<d>黄芩用乙醇提取得到醇提取物;
<e>所得到的醇提取物加入明胶至1-5%,过滤,滤液加入壳聚糖0.1-2%,调pH至1-2,析出物即为黄芩提取物,所述的黄芩提取物为黄芩苷;
<3>将苦地丁、板蓝根和蒲公英的提取物与黄岑的提取物混合,浓缩至比重为0.7~1.3(g/mL),加入蔗糖使制剂中蔗糖含量为10%~20%(g/mL)。
更进一步地,所述步骤<d>中用8~10倍50%~70%的乙醇水溶液于40-60℃条件下超声波提取得醇提取物。
上述的一种蒲地蓝口服液的用途,具有清热解毒或抗炎消肿的药物。
更进一步地,用于制备治疗腮腺炎、咽炎、扁桃体炎或疖肿的药物。
上述的蒲地蓝口服液在用于制备儿童型清热解毒或抗炎消肿的药物中的应用。
3.有益效果
相比于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:相比于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明的蒲地蓝口服液为复方中药安全性高,效果显著;本方中,黄芩具有清热燥湿、泻火清毒的功效;蒲公英具有清热解毒,清肝明目的功效;苦地丁具有清热解毒,活血消肿的功效;板蓝根具有清热解毒、凉血利咽的功效,四药匹配,具有良好的清热解毒、抗病毒及抗菌作用的功效;
(2)本发明克服蒲地蓝中药口感差的不足,通过添加有矫味作用的辅料,改善了口味,有效掩盖药物不良气味,制成口服液剂型,使服药不是难事;克服已有蒲地蓝片剂和胶囊剂等非水溶性剂型吸收差、口服液剂型有效成分含量低的缺陷,提供一种便于吸收、有效成分高的剂型;
(3)市售蒲地蓝在临床上使用,虽然疗效确切,但疗效发挥缓慢,药效还有待进一步提高。本发明的蒲地蓝口服液消炎活性提高,炎症抑制率增强,用本发明的提取方法,使提取时间大大减少,有效成分显著提高,其有效成分包括黄芩苷、菊苣酸、咖啡酸,本发明提取物中黄芩苷的含量大于10mg/mL,菊苣酸的含量大于1mg/mL,咖啡酸的含量大于0.1mg/mL,本方法黄芩直接选择乙醇水溶液提取,在节约时间的同时,有效成分的提取率也大大增加,本发明的蒲地蓝口服液与市售蒲地蓝口服液相比,抗炎效果好,炎症抑制率增强;比较于单纯通过浓缩来提高有效物质的含量,本方法不存在导致杂质含量增大,药物副作用增加等缺点;
(4)本方法采用乙醇水溶液提取黄芩苷,得到的黄芩苷的含量高,再通过加酸沉淀的方法,可以有效的除去杂质成分,得到纯度较高的黄芩苷;采用蒲公英和板蓝根共同提取的方法,可以提高有效成分菊苣酸的含量;
(5)本发明蒲地蓝口服液中的有效成分包括黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素、芹菜素、菊苣酸、咖啡酸、绿原酸、阿魏酸、紫堇灵、乙酰紫堇灵、腺苷、表告依春等,这些均为该制剂的主要活性成分;除有效成分外,其余为该制剂的杂质,包括蛋白质、鞣质、色素、原儿茶酸、槲皮素、木犀草素等;本发明试验中采用高效液相色谱仪对有效成分含量进行测定,采用考马斯亮蓝染色法和紫外分光光度计等对杂质含量测定,杂质含量不超过7%;
(6)现有的蒲地蓝提取方法在提取之后进行醇沉这一步,虽然会提高药品的澄清度,但有效成分会减少,而本发明中提供的提取方法则不存在这样的问题,选用一定浓度的醇溶液,不仅可以增加提取率,还能抑制鞣质等高分子杂质的溶出,便于过滤纯化。药品澄清度高,而且有效成分含量高,使得提取的成本大大降低;
(7)对于制备方法而言,市售蒲地蓝口服液采用水提、酸沉、过滤、碱溶的方法提取黄芩苷,蒲地蓝消炎片、消炎胶囊、消炎颗粒等采用一半磨粉,另一半醇提的方法提取黄芩苷,这些方法缺点在于:其一,黄芩苷提取时若选用一定浓度的醇溶液,不仅可以增加提取率,还能抑制鞣质等高分子杂质的溶出,便于过滤纯化,所以,比较水提方法,选择醇提可增加提取率;其二,磨粉的黄芩原药料不能完全溶于水,只适合片剂、胶囊剂等固体剂型,如果将原料粉碎进行提取,虽然可以增加黄芩苷的提取率,但同时也很容易造成提取罐过滤系统的堵塞等问题的出现;
(8)本发明改善了提取方式,使提取时间大大缩短,主要有效成分的含量显著提高,减少服药剂量;
(9)本发明的蒲地蓝口服液剂型,相比较现有的蒲地蓝制剂,尤其适合儿童服用。
附图说明
图1为本发明黄芩苷的标准曲线示意图;
图2为本发明菊苣酸的标准曲线示意图;
图3为本发明咖啡酸的标准曲线示意图;
图4为本发明中小鼠耳部肿胀程度的变化结果图。
图5为本发明蒲地蓝口服液的液相图谱,图中,1代表腺苷;2代表表告依春;3代表咖啡酸;4代表菊苣酸;5代表黄芩苷;
图6为市售蒲地蓝口服液的液相图谱,图中,1代表腺苷;2代表表告依春;3代表咖啡酸;4代表菊苣酸;5代表黄芩苷。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,以下所述,仅是对本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明做其他形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更为同等变化的等效实施例。凡是未脱离本发明方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以下实施例所做的任何简单修饰或等同变化,均落在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1
黄芩提取工艺的研究
按表1-1、1-2、1-3试验表进行试验,以HPLC的黄芩苷的峰高和峰面积为指标来比较最优提取工艺。
一.实验方法
按表1-1、1-2、1-3、1-4试验表进行试验,每组均为称取黄芩10g,加乙醇回流提取,合并提取液,回收乙醇,浓缩,HPLC进行检测,分别对提取温度、提取所用乙醇浓度、提取醇量、提取时间、pH、加入明胶量、加入壳聚糖量等条件进行对比优化。
二.实验过程
1.仪器与试药:高效液相色谱仪(安捷伦公司);甲醇为色谱纯,水为up水,其它试药均为分析纯。
2.色谱条件:用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;流动相为甲醇-水-磷酸(44:56:0.2);检测波长为280nm,流速为0.8mL/min。
3.药材溶液的制备:精密量取本品1mL,置于50mL量瓶中,加甲醇至刻度,摇匀。精密量取5mL,置于10mL量瓶中,加甲醇至刻度,摇匀,即得。
4.测定法:分别精密吸取对照品溶液和各组供试品溶液各20μL,注入液相色谱仪,在上述色谱条件下进行测定,即得。
三.实验结果
1.提取温度和提取所用乙醇浓度试验
表1-1提取温度和提取所用乙醇浓度试验
由以上试验可以看出,对于峰面积和峰高分析:提取温度P>0.05,没有显著性差异;提取方式P>0.05,没有显著性差异。由于提取温度和提取乙醇浓度均无显著性差异,所以,用50%~70%的乙醇水溶液于40-60℃条件下超声波提取得醇提取物。
2.提取醇量和提取时间试验
表1-2提取醇量和提取时间试验
由以上试验可以看出,对于峰面积和峰高分析:提取醇量P>0.05,没有显著性差异;提取时间P<0.05,有显著性差异。所用提取醇量选择8~10倍乙醇,提取时间为2h。
3.pH,加入明胶量,加入壳聚糖量试验
表1-3 pH,加入明胶量,加入壳聚糖量试验
由表格对比得:pH在1~2对峰面积的影响不大,没有显著性差异;加入明胶在1-5%范围内对峰面积影响不大,没有显著性差异;加入壳聚糖在0.1-2%范围对峰面积影响不大,没有显著性差异。所以,选择条件为:加入明胶至1-5%,过滤,滤液加入壳聚糖0.1-2%,调pH至1-2,析出物即为黄芩提取物。
四.黄芩工艺确定
黄芩2~4份,用8~10倍50%~70%的乙醇水溶液于40-60℃条件下超声波提取得醇提取物,每次2小时,合并滤液,过滤,浓缩,加入明胶至1-5%,过滤,滤液加入壳聚糖0.1-2%,调pH至1-2,析出物即为黄芩提取物。
蒲公英、地丁、板蓝根提取工艺的研究
按表2-1、2-2试验表进行试验,以HPLC的菊苣酸的峰高和峰面积为指标来比较最优提取工艺。
一.实验方法
按表2-1、2-2试验表进行试验,每组均为称取蒲公英12.5g、板蓝根4.7g、苦地丁3.125g,加水回流提取,合并提取液,浓缩,HPLC进行检测。
二.实验过程
1.仪器与试药:高效液相色谱仪(安捷伦公司);乙腈为色谱纯,水为up水,其它试药均为分析纯。
2.色谱条件:用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;流动相为乙腈-水-磷酸(15:85:0.2);检测波长为326nm,流速为0.8mL/min。
3.药材溶液的制备:精密量取本品1mL,置20mL量瓶中,加70%乙醇至刻度,摇匀,即得。
4.测定法:分别精密吸取对照品溶液和各组供试品溶液各20μL,注入液相色谱仪,在上述色谱条件下进行测定,即得。
三.实验结果
1.提取水量和提取时间试验
表2-1提取水量和提取时间试验
由以上试验可以看出,对于峰面积和峰高分析:提取水量P>0.05,无显著性差异;提取时间P>0.05,无显著性差异。由于提取水量和提取时间均无显著性差异,所以蒲公英6~9份与板蓝根2~4份混合用15~20倍水煎煮提取,提取两次,每次1-2h,地丁1~3份用15~20倍水煎煮两次,每次1-2h,两者混合,过滤,浓缩。
2.加入明胶,加入壳聚糖,所调的pH试验
表2-2加入明胶,加入壳聚糖,所调的pH试验
由表格对比得:加入明胶在0.1-2%范围对峰面积影响不大,没有显著性差异;pH在1~2对峰面积的影响不大,没有显著性差异;加入壳聚糖在0.1-2%范围对峰面积影响不大,没有显著性差异。所以,选择条件为:蒲公英和板蓝根提取后加入明胶1-5%,静置,过滤取上清;两种提取液混合后浓缩,加入壳聚糖0.1-2%,调pH至1-2,静置,过滤。
四.蒲公英、地丁、板蓝根提取工艺确定
蒲公英6~9份与板蓝根2~4份混合用15~20倍水煎煮提取,提取两次,每次1-2h,加入明胶1-5%,静置,过滤取上清;地丁1~3份用15~20倍水煎煮两次,每次1-2h,两者混合,过滤,浓缩,加入壳聚糖至0.1-2%,调节PH至1-2,静置,过滤。
HPLC测定蒲地蓝中有效成分黄芩苷、菊苣酸、咖啡酸的含量
一.实验过程
1.仪器与试药:高效液相色谱仪(安捷伦公司);乙腈、甲醇为色谱纯,水为up水,其它试药均为分析纯。
2.色谱条件:用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;
黄芩苷的检测条件为:流动相甲醇-水-三氟乙酸(44:56:0.2);检测波长为280nm,流速为0.8mL/min,柱温为30℃,进样量20μL。
菊苣酸的检测条件为:流动相乙腈-水-三氟乙酸(22:78:0.2);检测波长为326nm,流速为0.8mL/min,柱温为30℃,进样量20μL。
咖啡酸的检测条件为:流动相乙腈-水-三氟乙酸(9:91:0.2);检测波长为323nm,流速为0.8mL/min,柱温为30℃,进样量20μL。
3.对照品溶液的制备:
精密称取黄芩苷标准品适量,加甲醇制成质量浓度为0.32mg/mL的对照品储备液,梯度稀释。黄芩苷标准溶液待配浓度:0mg/mL、0.01mg/mL、0.02mg/mL、0.04mg/mL、0.08mg/mL、0.16mg/mL、0.32mg/mL。
精密称取菊苣酸标准品适量,加甲醇制成质量浓度为0.32mg/mL的对照品储备液,梯度稀释。菊苣酸标准溶液待配浓度:0mg/mL、0.0025mg/mL、0.005mg/mL、0.01mg/mL、0.02mg/mL、0.04mg/mL、0.08mg/mL、0.16mg/mL、0.32mg/mL。
精密称取咖啡酸标准品适量,加甲醇制成质量浓度为0.1mg/mL的对照品储备液,梯度稀释。咖啡酸标准溶液待配浓度:0mg/mL、0.0015625mg/mL、0.003125mg/mL、0.00625mg/mL、0.0125mg/mL、0.025mg/mL、0.05mg/mL、0.1mg/mL。
4.药材溶液的制备:比较本方法提取的蒲地蓝与市售蒲地蓝口服液及它们有效成分的含量测定。
测定黄芩苷药材溶液的制备:精密量取1mL,置于50mL量瓶中,加甲醇至刻度,摇匀。精密量取5mL,置于10mL量瓶中,加甲醇至刻度,摇匀,即得。
测定菊苣酸药材溶液的制备:精密量取1mL,置20mL量瓶中,加70%乙醇至刻度,摇匀,即得。
测定咖啡酸药材溶液的制备:精密量取1mL,置20mL量瓶中,加70%乙醇至刻度,摇匀,即得。
5.测定法:分别精密吸取各标准品溶液和各组供试品溶液各20μL,注入液相色谱仪,在上述色谱条件下进行测定,即得。以进样浓度为横坐标,峰面积为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线,得回归方程。
二.结果
1.黄芩苷含量计算
如图1为黄芩苷标准曲线:y=63447x+96.002(R2=0.9994),代入标准曲线得,本方法提取的蒲地蓝含黄芩苷的量为0.15mg/mL,即每1mL本方法提取的蒲地蓝并制成口服液后含黄芩苷13.8mg/mL,口服液中黄芩苷的含量大于10mg/mL。收载于《中华人民共和国药典》2015版一部的蒲地蓝口服液要求:每1ml含黄芩苷不低于6.0mg。与之比较,有效成分黄芩苷的含量大大增加。
2.菊苣酸含量计算
如图2为菊苣酸标准曲线:y=106854x-520.11(R2=0.9927),代入标准曲线得市售蒲地蓝口服液中菊苣酸的含量为0.01mg/mL,本方法提取的蒲地蓝口服液含菊苣酸的量为0.08mg/mL,即每1mL市售蒲地蓝口服液含菊苣酸0.32mg/mL,每1mL本方法提取的蒲地蓝口服液含菊苣酸1.64mg/mL。
3.咖啡酸含量计算
如图3为咖啡酸标准曲线:y=111154x+57.693(R2=0.9998),代入标准曲线得市售蒲地蓝口服液中咖啡酸的含量为0.002mg/mL,本方法提取的蒲地蓝口服液含咖啡酸的量为0.011mg/mL,即每1mL市售蒲地蓝口服液含咖啡酸0.038mg/mL,每1mL本方法提取的蒲地蓝口服液含咖啡酸0.212mg/mL。
实施例2
抗小白鼠急性炎症药理实验研究
一.试验材料
动物:24只icr小鼠,雄性,体重在25g左右
药物:所制的口服液
二.试验方法
健康小鼠24只,随机分3组,每组8只:空白对照、购买市售蒲地蓝口服液、本实验室所制蒲地蓝口服液。
造成急性炎症模型前6h和1h分别给药一次,每次空白对照组和给药组小白鼠分别灌胃0.21mL/10g体重生理盐水和相应药液。
实验小白鼠分别于给药后1h,先测定小鼠右耳廓的厚度,然后在右耳廓滴入0.07mL二甲苯,每隔15min用游标卡尺测定小鼠耳朵肿胀程度,以滴入二甲苯后耳朵的厚度减去滴入前耳朵的厚度的差值作为炎性肿胀度指标,并以空白对照组炎症肿胀度为基准,计算各给药组炎症抑制率。
三.试验结果
图4为用游标卡尺测定小鼠耳部肿胀程度的变化;表5-1为本发明口服液对二甲苯致小白鼠耳部急性炎症的炎性肿胀度指标及各给药组15min和30min的炎症抑制率。由图4和表5-1可知,对二甲苯所致小白鼠耳部急性炎症,本发明口服液有明显的抗炎效果,与空白对照组相比,有显著性差异,并且与市售蒲地蓝口服液相比,炎症抑制率增强。
表5-1本发明口服液对二甲苯致小白鼠耳部急性炎症的炎性肿胀度指标及各给药组炎症抑制率
注:同空白对照组相比,t检验,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,n=8
实施例3
蒲地蓝口服液
蒲公英100g,地丁25g,板蓝根37.6g,黄芩37.6g,蔗糖40g。
<1>蒲公英100g,板蓝根37.6g混合加15倍水煎煮两次,加入明胶1%,搅拌1h,至其完全溶解,静置,取上清。
<2>地丁25g加15倍水煎煮两次,冷却至室温,过滤。
<3>提取液<1>与<2>两者混合,过滤,浓缩至密度为1.1,加入壳聚糖至0.1%,调节PH至2,静置,过滤,除去沉淀。
<4>黄芩37.6g用8倍量50%乙醇,于40℃超声波提取醇提两次,每次2h,提取液过滤除杂,滤液中加入明胶1%,搅拌1h,至其完全溶解,静置,过滤取上清,滤液加入壳聚糖2%,盐酸调pH至2,静置12h,析出物即为黄芩提取物。
<5>将黄芩提取物加入<3>所得浓缩液中,混合均匀,定容至200mL,得到中药提取物浓缩液。
<6>将中药浓缩液中加入40g的蔗糖,加热使其溶解,搅拌混匀,灭菌30min,即得。
实施例4
蒲地蓝口服液
蒲公英75g,地丁12.5g,板蓝根25g,黄芩25g,蔗糖30g。
<1>蒲公英75g,板蓝根25g混合加20倍水煎煮两次,加入明胶5%,搅拌1h,至其完全溶解,静置,取上清。
<2>地丁12.5g加20倍水煎煮两次,冷却至室温,过滤。
<3>提取液<1>与<2>两者混合,过滤,浓缩至密度为0.9,加入壳聚糖至0.1%,调节PH至2,静置,过滤,除去沉淀。
<4>黄芩25g用10倍量60%乙醇,于60℃超声波提取醇提两次,每次2h,提取液过滤除杂,加入明胶5%,搅拌1h,至其完全溶解,静置,过滤取上清,滤液加入壳聚糖0.1%,盐酸调pH至1,静置12h,析出物即为黄芩提取物。
<5>将黄芩提取物加入<3>所得浓缩液中,混合均匀,定容至250mL,得到中药提取物浓缩液。
<6>将中药浓缩液中加入30g的蔗糖,加热使其溶解,搅拌混匀,灭菌30min,即得。
实施例5
蒲地蓝口服液
蒲公英112.5g,地丁37.5g,板蓝根50g,黄芩50g,蔗糖20g。
<1>蒲公英112.5g,板蓝根50g混合加15倍水煎煮两次,加入明胶3%,搅拌1h,至其完全溶解,静置,取上清。
<2>地丁37.5g加15倍水煎煮两次,冷却至室温,过滤。
<3>提取液<1>与<2>两者混合,过滤,浓缩至密度为1.1,加入壳聚糖至1%,调节PH至1,静置,过滤,除去沉淀。
<4>黄芩50g用8倍量50%乙醇,于60℃超声波提取醇提两次,每次2h,提取液过滤除杂,加入明胶5%,搅拌1h,至其完全溶解,静置,过滤取上清,滤液加入壳聚糖0.1%,盐酸调pH至1,静置12h,析出物即为黄芩提取物。
<5>将所提黄芩苷加入<3>所得浓缩液中,混合均匀,定容至200mL,得到中药提取物浓缩液。
<6>将中药浓缩液中加入20g的蔗糖,加热使其溶解,搅拌混匀,灭菌30min,即得。
实施例6
蒲地蓝口服液
蒲公英75g,地丁12.5g,板蓝根25g,黄芩25g,蔗糖40g,苹果香精1g,山梨醇1g,柠檬酸钠0.4g。
<1>蒲公英75g,板蓝根25g混合加20倍水煎煮两次,加入明胶3%,搅拌1h,至其完全溶解,静置,取上清。
<2>地丁12.5g加20倍水煎煮两次,冷却至室温,过滤。
<3>提取液<1>与<2>两者混合,过滤,浓缩至密度为1.0。
<4>黄芩25g用10倍量70%乙醇,于40℃超声波提取醇提两次,每次2h,提取液过滤除杂,加入明胶5%,搅拌1h,至其完全溶解,静置,过滤取上清,滤液加入壳聚糖2%,盐酸调pH至1,静置12h,析出物即为黄芩提取物。
<5>将黄芩提取物加入<1>所得浓缩液中,混合均匀,定容至200mL,得到中药提取物浓缩液。
<6>将中药浓缩液中加入40g的蔗糖,加热使其溶解,加入苹果香精1g,山梨醇1g,柠檬酸钠0.4g,搅拌混匀,灭菌30min,即得。
本实施例中的苹果香精可以用杏仁香精、草莓香精、甜橙香精等常用芳香剂替换,芳香剂在糖浆剂中的质量含量范围在0.2%~1%之间均可。蔗糖和山梨醇可以用常用的可食用高倍甜味剂或低倍甜味剂替换,高倍甜味剂可以为阿斯巴甜、甜菊糖苷等,低倍甜味剂可以为麦芽糖、木糖醇、蜂蜜等,当糖浆剂中的甜味剂为高倍甜味剂时,甜味剂在糖浆剂中的质量含量低,例如,可以是0.2%;当糖浆剂中的甜味剂为低倍甜味剂时,甜味剂在糖浆剂中的质量含量高,例如,可以是25%。柠檬酸钠作为防腐剂可以采用常用的山梨酸、山梨酸钾、脱氢乙酸钠等替换,质量含量范围在0.01%~0.5%之间均可。
实施例8
本发明蒲地蓝杂质研究
本发明蒲地蓝口服液中的有效成分有黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素、芹菜素、菊苣酸、咖啡酸、绿原酸、阿魏酸、紫堇灵、乙酰紫堇灵、腺苷、表告依春等,均为该制剂的主要活性成分。除有效成分外,其余为该制剂的杂质,包括蛋白质、鞣质、色素、原儿茶酸、槲皮素、木犀草素等。
本发明试验中采用高效液相色谱仪对有效成分含量进行测定,由各个峰的峰高和峰面积可以看出有效成分及杂质的含量多少。步骤同实施例2。
图5为本发明蒲地蓝口服液的液相图谱。其中有效成分,例如:峰4为菊苣酸,峰面积为5953.59,峰高为123.85,此峰占总峰面积的9.50%;峰5为黄芩苷,峰面积为39159.10,峰高为613.21,此峰占总峰面积的62.45%。
图6为市售蒲地蓝口服液的液相图谱。其中有效成分,例如:峰4为菊苣酸,峰面积为1527.84,峰高为31.93,此峰占总峰面积的4.28%;峰5为黄芩苷,峰面积为2.6358.00,峰高为406.33,此峰占总峰面积的53.97%。
对比两张图可以看出,本发明有效成分含量高。
并且,由考马斯亮蓝染色法和紫外分光光度计等对杂质含量测定的结果得到,本发明蛋白杂质含量为220ug/ml左右,市售蒲地蓝蛋白杂质含量为300ug/ml左右。
结合液相图谱和紫外分光光度计等对杂质含量测定的结果得出,本发明测定出的杂质含量不超过7%。
已经根据优选实施例对本发明作了描述。应当理解的是前面的描述和实施例仅仅为了举例说明本发明而已。在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,本领域技术人员可以设计出本发明的多种替换方案和改进方案,其均应被理解为在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (11)
1.一种蒲地蓝口服液,其特征在于:包括苦地丁、板蓝根、蒲公英和黄芩的提取物,还包括蔗糖,所述的提取物由苦地丁1~3重量份,板蓝根2~4重量份,蒲公英6~9重量份和黄芩2~4重量份经提取浓缩得到;其中制剂中蔗糖含量为10%~20%(g/mL),提取物中有效成分包括黄芩苷,口服液中黄芩苷的含量大于10mg/mL;杂质含量不超过7%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蒲地蓝口服液,其特征在于:提取物中有效成分还包括菊苣酸和咖啡酸,口服液中菊苣酸的含量大于1mg/mL,咖啡酸的含量大于0.1mg/mL。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的蒲地蓝口服液,其特征在于:还包括芳香剂和防腐剂,芳香剂的质量含量为0.2%~1%,防腐剂的质量含量为0.01%~0.5%。
4.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的蒲地蓝口服液,其特征在于:还包括甜味剂,甜味剂为常用的可食用添加剂,质量含量为0.2%~25%。
5.权利要求1所述的一种蒲地蓝口服液的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
<1>制备苦地丁、板蓝根和蒲公英的提取物,包括如下步骤:
<a>蒲公英和板蓝根用水煎煮提取,提取液中加入明胶1-5%,静置,过滤取上清;
<b>苦地丁用水煎煮提取;
<c>将步骤<a>和步骤<b>的提取液混合,浓缩,加入壳聚糖至0.1-2%,调节pH至1-2,静置,过滤;
<2>制备黄岑的提取物,包括如下步骤:
<d>黄芩用乙醇提取得到醇提取物;
<e>所得到的醇提取物加入明胶至1-5%,过滤,滤液中加入壳聚糖0.1-2%,调pH至1-2,析出物即为黄芩提取物,所述的黄芩提取物为黄芩苷;
<3>将苦地丁、板蓝根和蒲公英的提取物与黄岑的提取物混合,浓缩至比重为0.7~1.3(g/mL),加入蔗糖使制剂中蔗糖含量为10%~20%(g/ml)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的蒲地蓝口服液的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤<d>中用8~10倍50%~70%的乙醇水溶液于40-60℃条件下超声波提取得醇提取物。
7.根据权利要求5所述的蒲地蓝口服液的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(a)和步骤(b)中每次提取时间为1~2h。
8.根据权利要求5或7所述的蒲地蓝口服液的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(a)中用15~20倍水对蒲公英和板蓝根煎煮提取两次;步骤(b)中用15~20倍水对苦地丁煎煮提取两次。
9.权利要求1所述的蒲地蓝口服液的用途,其特征在于:用于制备具有清热解毒或抗炎消肿的药物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的蒲地蓝口服液的用途,其特征在于:用于制备治疗腮腺炎、咽炎、扁桃体炎或疖肿的药物。
11.权利要求1-4所述的蒲地蓝口服液在用于制备儿童型清热解毒或抗炎消肿的药物中的应用。
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