CN106866739B - 一种(r)-1-(6-氨基-9h-嘌呤-9-基)2-苯酯的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种(r)-1-(6-氨基-9h-嘌呤-9-基)2-苯酯的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6561—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings
- C07F9/65616—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings containing the ring system having three or more than three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members, e.g. purine or analogs
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种(R)‑1‑(6‑氨基‑9H‑嘌呤‑9‑基)2‑苯酯的制备方法,属于化学合成领域。在溶剂中,利用化合物(氯甲基)膦酸苯酯为起始原料,与碘化钠发生取代反应,经碱水解后与(S)‑1‑(6‑氨基‑9H‑嘌呤‑9‑基)丙‑2‑醇反应得终产物(R)‑1‑(6‑氨基‑9H‑嘌呤‑9‑基)2‑苯酯。本发明条件易控、后处理简单、副反应少、收率高,符合工业化生产的要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学领域的化学合成,是制备(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤 -9-基)2-苯酯的制备方法。
背景技术
富马酸替诺福韦艾拉酚胺(tenofovir alafenamide fumarate,TAF)是吉利德开发的一种新型核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂(NRTI),富马酸替诺福韦艾拉酚胺是替诺福韦的前药。TAF的细胞渗透能力更强,因此可以在更小剂量下发挥与替诺福韦同等的药效。在临床试验中,该药已被证明在低于吉利德已上市药物 Viread(富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯片,Viread,TDF)十分之一剂量时,就具有非常高的抗病毒效果,同时可改善肾功能和骨骼方面参数。(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H- 嘌呤-9-基)2-苯酯是富马酸替诺福韦艾拉酚胺的关键中间体。其结构式为:
目前,一种(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)2-苯酯的合成方法是:
1)Colby,Denise A.;Martins,Andrew Anthony等(US2013/90473A1,2013)公开了一种制备(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)2-苯酯的制备方法。以(((1- (6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)丙-2-基)氧基)甲基)膦酸为原料,与亚磷酸三苯酯缩合得到产物,该合成路线原料价格较高且分子利用率较低,不利于工业化的生产。其反应方程式如下:
2)Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp.;Butora,Gabor等(US2015/315221 A1,2015)公开了(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)2-苯酯的制备方法。以(((1- (6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)丙-2-基)氧基)甲基)膦酸为原料,以DCC 为缩合剂与苯酚缩合,得到目标产物苯基氢((((S)-1-(6-氨基-9H- 嘌呤-9-基)丙-2-基)氧基)甲基)膦酸,该合成路线产率较低,反应时间较长,难以工业化生产。其反应方程式如下:
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的上述缺陷,本发明目的是提出了一种合成(R)-1- (6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)2-苯酯的方法,所述方法副产物少,后处理简单,收率较高,反应总收率可达到42%-65%,更符合工业化的生产要求。
本发明(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)2-苯酯的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
a)在第一溶剂和碘化钠的作用下,式I发生取代反应,得到式II化合物(碘甲基)膦酸苯酯;
b)在第二溶剂和碱的作用下,式II发生水解反应,得到式III化合物苯基氢(碘甲基)膦酸苯酯;
c)在第三溶剂和碱的作用下,式III与(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)丙-2- 醇发生取代反应,得到式IV化合物(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)2-苯酯;其反应过程如下所示:
其中,步骤a)中,所述的第一溶剂为乙腈或DMF,优选乙腈;式I化合物与碘化钠的摩尔比为1︰2-1︰3;优选地,为1︰2。
其中,步骤b)中,所述的第二溶剂为乙腈或三氯甲烷;优选为乙腈。所述的碱为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾;优选地,为氢氧化钠;所述的还原反应完成后,还包括:减压蒸干第二溶剂,经离子交换树脂调pH至1,得到式III化合物。
其中,步骤c)中,所述的第三溶剂为乙腈或DMF;优选地,为DMF。所述的碱为叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾或氢氧化镁;优选地,为氢氧化钠。所述的还原反应完成后,还包括:减压蒸干第三溶剂,加入水并且调pH至2~3,抽滤后经 MeOH:H2O=1:1打浆进行提纯,得到式IV化合物。
本发明的有益效果在于,本发明利用式I化合物(氯甲基)膦酸苯酯经反应得到目标化合物式IV(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)2-苯酯。本发明方法合成路线简短,条件易控,后处理简单,收率较高,可达到65%-75%,副产物少,纯度较高,也避免了柱层析等繁琐的纯化步骤,路线的可行性更强,易于工业化的生产。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的技术内容,现结合实施例进一步说明如下:
实施例1
1.1(碘甲基)膦酸苯酯的制备
将10g(氯甲基)膦酸苯酯溶于50mL乙腈中,后加入9.88gNaI,80℃反应 15小时,反应完全。抽滤去除残留固体,减压蒸干溶剂,加入乙酸乙酯50mL 与水50mL,有机层再用NaS2O3饱和溶液洗涤一次,有机层干燥蒸干,得9.76g 产品,收率为73.6%。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400M)δ=3.9(d,J=3.2Hz,2H),7.21(m,J=8Hz,6H),7.36(m,J=8Hz,4H)
MS(EI):m/e=374.02
1.2(碘甲基)膦酸苯酯的制备
将10g(氯甲基)膦酸苯酯溶于50mL DMF中,后加入9.88gNaI,80℃反应15小时,反应完全。抽滤去除残留固体,减压蒸干溶剂,加入乙酸乙酯50mL 与水50mL,有机层再用NaS2O3饱和溶液洗涤一次,有机层干燥蒸干,得6.4g产品,收率为48.3%。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400M)δ=3.9(d,J=3.2Hz,2H),7.21(m,J=8Hz,6H),7.36(m,J=8Hz,4H)
MS(EI):m/e=374.02
实施例2
2.1苯基氢(碘甲基)膦酸苯酯的制备
将11.7g的(碘甲基)膦酸苯酯溶于60mL的乙腈中,然后缓慢滴加1M的氢氧化钠溶液60mL。滴加完毕后反应体系逐渐变澄清,3小时后反应完全,减压蒸干容积,加入清水50Ml,乙酸乙酯洗涤三遍,水层离子交换树脂调pH至1,蒸干水相,经过石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:1打浆纯化,得产物7.65g,收率为82.08%。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400M)δ=3.4(d,J=3.2Hz,d),7.21(m,J=8Hz,3H),7.4(m,J=8Hz,2H)
MS(EI):m/e=298.02。
2.2苯基氢(碘甲基)膦酸苯酯的制备
将8.6g的(碘甲基)膦酸苯酯溶于60mL三氯甲烷的中,然后缓慢滴加1M 的氢氧化钠溶液48mL。滴加完毕后反应体系逐渐变澄清,3小时后反应完全,减压蒸干容积,加入清水50mL,乙酸乙酯洗涤三遍,水层离子交换树脂调pH至 1,蒸干水相,经过石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:1打浆纯化,得产物3.92g,收率为 57.3%。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400M)δ=3.4(d,J=3.2Hz,d),7.21(m,J=8Hz,3H),7.4(m,J=8Hz,2H)
MS(EI):m/e=298.02。
2.3苯基氢(碘甲基)膦酸苯酯的制备
将10g的(碘甲基)膦酸苯酯溶于60mL乙腈的中,然后缓慢滴加1M的氢氧化钾溶液55mL。滴加完毕后反应体系逐渐变澄清,3小时后反应完全,减压蒸干容积,加入清水50mL,乙酸乙酯洗涤三遍,水层离子交换树脂调pH至1,蒸干水相,经过石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:1打浆纯化,得产物6.0g,收率为75.3%。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400M)δ=3.4(d,J=3.2Hz,d),7.21(m,J=8Hz,3H),7.4(m,J=8Hz,2H)
MS(EI):m/e=298.02。
实施例3
3.1(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)2-苯酯的制备
将3g(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)丙-2-醇溶于40mL干燥的DMF 中,冰浴下加入叔丁醇镁3.4g,氮气保护下反应0.5小时,再加入苯基氢(碘甲基)膦酸苯酯5g,氮气保护下反应,20小时后反应完全。减压蒸干溶剂,加入水并且调pH至2~3,抽滤后经MeOH:H2O=1:1打浆进行提纯,得产物4.2g,产率74.46%。
1H-NMR(D2O,400M)δ=1.31(d,J=6.1Hz,3H),3.59(dd,J=14.0,9.0Hz,1H),3.85(dd,J=14.0,9.0 Hz,1H),4.1(m,1H),4.3(dd,J=15.0,9.0Hz,1H),4.5(dd,J=15.0,2Hz,1H),6.75(d,J=7Hz,2H),7.15(t, J=7Hz,1H),7.25(t,J=7Hz,2H),8.26(s,1H),8.35(s,1H)。
MS(EI):m/e=363.31。
3.2(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)2-苯酯的制备
将3g(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)丙-2-醇溶于40mL干燥的DMF 中,冰浴下加入叔丁醇镁3.4g,氮气保护下反应0.5小时,再加入苯基氢(碘甲基)膦酸苯酯5g,氮气保护下反应,15小时后反应完全。减压蒸干溶剂,加入水并且调pH至2~3,抽滤后经MeOH:H2O=1:1打浆进行提纯,得产物3.3g,产率58.5%。
1H-NMR(D2O,400M)δ=1.31(d,J=6.1Hz,3H),3.59(dd,J=14.0,9.0Hz,1H),3.85(dd,J=14.0,9.0 Hz,1H),4.1(m,1H),4.3(dd,J=15.0,9.0Hz,1H),4.5(dd,J=15.0,2Hz,1H),6.75(d,J=7Hz,2H),7.15(t, J=7Hz,1H),7.25(t,J=7Hz,2H),8.26(s,1H),8.35(s,1H).
MS(EI):m/e=363.31。
3.3苯基氢((((S)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)丙-2-基)氧基)甲基)膦酸的制备
将3g(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)丙-2-醇溶于40mL干燥的乙腈中,冰浴下加入叔丁醇钾2.26g,氮气保护下反应0.5小时,再加入苯基氢(碘甲基)膦酸苯酯5g,氮气保护下反应,20小时后反应完全。减压蒸干溶剂,加入水并且调pH至2~3,抽滤后经MeOH:H2O=1:1打浆进行提纯,得产物2.13g,产率37.2%。
1H-NMR(D2O,400M)δ=1.31(d,J=6.1Hz,3H),3.59(dd,J=14.0,9.0Hz,1H),3.85(dd,J=14.0,9.0 Hz,1H),4.1(m,1H),4.3(dd,J=15.0,9.0Hz,1H),4.5(dd,J=15.0,2Hz,1H),6.75(d,J=7Hz,2H),7.15(t, J=7Hz,1H),7.25(t,J=7Hz,2H),8.26(s,1H),8.35(s,1H)。
MS(EI):m/e=363.31。
综上所述,本发明合成化合物(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)2-苯酯的方法具有合成线路简短,操作简便,产率高,易于工业化生产的有点。
以上对本发明做了详尽的描述,其目的在于让熟悉此领域技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并加以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围,凡根据本发明的精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)2-苯酯的制备方法,其特征在于,包括下列步骤:
a)在第一溶剂和碘化钠的作用下,式I发生取代反应,得到式II化合物;
b)在第二溶剂和碱的作用下,式II发生水解反应,得到式III化合物;
c)在第三溶剂和碱的作用下,式III与(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)丙-2-醇发生取代反应,得到式Ⅳ化合物(R)-1-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)2-苯酯;其反应过程如下所示:
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤a)中,所述的第一溶剂为乙腈或DMF。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤a)中,所述的式I化合物与碘化钠的摩尔比为1︰2-1︰3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤b)中,所述的第二溶剂为乙腈或三氯甲烷。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤b)中,所述的碱为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤c)中,所述的第三溶剂为乙腈或DMF。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤c)中,所述的碱为叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠或叔丁醇镁。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤b)中,所述的水解反应完成后,还包括:减压蒸干第二溶剂,经离子交换树脂调pH至1,得到式III化合物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤c)中,所述的反应完成后,还包括:减压蒸干第三溶剂,加入水并且调pH至2~3,抽滤后经MeOH:H2O=1:1打浆进行提纯,得到式Ⅳ化合物。
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