CN106824216A - 一种添加助剂改性三元金属体相催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种添加助剂改性三元金属体相催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium heptamolybdate Chemical compound N.N.N.N.N.N.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo] QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
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- OINIXPNQKAZCRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);diacetate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OINIXPNQKAZCRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- NLPVCCRZRNXTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum;nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O NLPVCCRZRNXTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
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- LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel chloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ni+2] LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种添加助剂改性三元金属体相催化剂的制备方法,即在共沉淀法制备非负载型催化剂的过程中引入两种不同的助剂,将活性组分、助剂相结合,即在钼酸镍和偏钨酸铵混合溶液中加入吐温和硅藻土分别作为分散剂表面活性剂和分散剂。本发明所述的改性非负载型催化剂制备方法,可有效提高活性金属组分的分散性和催化剂的加氢性能,显著提高非负载型催化剂的机械强度,同时能够保证改性后的催化剂在加氢反应后满足国标对柴油深度脱硫的严格要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂制备领域,具体是一种添加助剂改性三元金属体相催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着原油储量下降,新开采的原油呈高硫、重质、劣质化趋势,致使石化企业加工生产的汽柴油产品硫含量不断上升,而高硫燃料油在燃烧后生成的含硫氧化物是酸雨、酸雾、臭氧层破坏的主要原因之一,给环境带来了严重的危害。与此同时,由于新的环保法规对油品的环保性能要求不断提高,油品的深度脱硫也就成了世界各国清洁燃料生产急需解决的关键问题。
传统的负载型催化剂由于活性组分与载体间存在较强的相互作用,且所负载的活性金属含量有限,已无法满足现今对于油品脱硫深度的要求,对非负载型催化剂的制备与研究势在必行。因此,近年来对非负载型金属体相加氢脱硫催化剂的关注日益增加,研究不断深入,取得的很多喜人的成果。美国专利US 6299760B1中介绍了该种非负载型催化剂采用固体表面反应技术制备出具有适宜比表面积、介孔结构的金属复合氧化物,经预硫化,制备出非负载金属硫化物加氢催化剂。欧洲专利EP 0469675中介绍了一种负载型催化剂的制备方法,所采用的载体为多孔氧化铝、多孔分子筛及无定形硅酸铝的的混合物,所得催化剂孔隙结构较为发达。中国发明专利CN101468309介绍了一种用于中间基馏分油深度加氢精制的非负载型催化剂的制备方法,即将VIII族非贵金属化合物的溶液与至少一种VIB族金属化合物的溶液接触,得到浆液,然后进行水热处理。采用该方法制备得到的非负载型加氢催化剂具有更高的比表面积和更大的孔容,且催化剂的颗粒更小,具有较强的加氢活性。
但上述催化剂也都具有自身的一些缺点,如催化剂机械强度较差、制备过程中金属回收率低、价格偏高等。因此,有必要开发一种新的制备方法,从而改进非负载型催化剂的性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于改进现有非负载型催化剂制备技术中催化剂金属活性组分分散性差、孔隙结构不够发达,机械强度差的缺点。增大催化剂金属利用率,提高其加氢反应活性。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种添加助剂改性三元金属体相催化剂的制备方法,制备步骤包括:
(1)称取0.02-0.1mol的Mo、W铵盐,溶于300 ml去离子水配成溶液A,并以沉淀剂调节溶液A至适当的pH值至8-10范围内;
(2)称取0.05-0.2mol的水溶性镍盐为助催化组分原料,溶于20ml去离子水配成溶液B;
(3) 将溶液B加入溶液A混合,可见有沉淀生成;在70-100℃下搅拌含有沉淀的悬浮液3-8 h,搅拌过程中加入0.02-0.15mol 吐温和0.02-0.15mol硅藻土,使活性组分复合完全,搅拌完成后恒温静置溶液,对其进行老化处理4-18 h;
(4) 老化过程结束后抽滤悬浮液,并以去离子水洗涤滤饼,将滤饼置于恒温红外干燥箱中烘干4-32 h,得催化剂前驱体;
(5) 经焙烧、器内还原即得具有良好加氢脱硫活性的非负载型催化剂。
其中,所选用的水溶性镍盐可以是六水合硝酸镍、四水合乙酸镍、氯化镍、硫酸镍中的一种,两种VIB族金属化合物是Mo、W或Cr的铵盐中的任意两种。
其中,助催化组分Ni与两种VIB族活性组分的金属摩尔配比为水溶性镍盐:七钼酸铵:偏钨酸铵=1: 1~4:1~4。
其中,所选择的沉淀剂是氨水、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠以及氢氧化钠中的一种。
其中,溶液B加入溶液A的方式是逐滴加入或一次性加入,逐滴加入时,采用同温或异温滴加;吐温加入溶液的方式是缓缓加入或一次性加入,缓缓加入时,采用同温或异温倒入;硅藻土加入溶液的方式是缓缓加入或一次性加入,缓缓加入时,采用同温或异温倒入。
其中,步骤(3)所述的老化的时间为6-10 h。
其中,对催化剂前驱体进行焙烧处理,焙烧温度为300-550 ℃,焙烧时间为2-6 h,焙烧结束后得到相应的氧化态催化剂;对氧化态催化剂进行器内硫化还原,还原压力为2-4MPa,温度为200-400 ℃,空速为1-4 h-1,氢油体积比为200-700,还原时间为4-24 h,还原过程结束后得到相应的硫化态催化剂。
其中,所述的吐温的分子量为1230。
其中,所述的硅藻土的添加量占催化剂总质量的10%-30%。
与现有常规非负载型催化剂制备方法相比,比本发明具有以下优点:
(1) 本发明制备的三元金属非负载型催化剂的比表面积为70-120 m2/g,孔容为0.15-0.19cm3/g,平均孔径为5.6-6.7 nm。该催化剂颗粒尺寸精细,金属利用率高,具有较好的加氢脱硫反应活性。
(2) 本发明制备的非负载型Ni基催化剂用于柴油加氢脱硫反应,提高柴油中硫化物的脱除率。通过催化加氢反应使柴油中的硫化物分子最大程度转化成硫化氢,显著提高柴油脱硫率,满足日益严格的柴油硫含量国家标准。
(3) 对比现有的常规非负载型催化剂制备方法,本发明显著的技术特征是在共沉淀法制备非负载型催化剂过程中选择合适的镍源,并分别引入了两种助剂。通过两种助剂的添加使得所制备的非负载型催化剂颗粒均匀、排列规律整齐,孔隙结构更为发达,金属利用率相应增大,加氢脱硫活性显著提高,脱硫率接近100%。
(4) 同时,本发明可操作性很强,制备条件温和,适于批量放大生产并工业化应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1所得催化剂的形貌示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围不受实施例所限。
实施例1
按照Ni:Mo:W=2:1:1的金属摩尔配比称取四水合乙酸镍9.954 g,七钼酸铵5.071 g,偏钨酸铵3.531 g。将七钼酸铵5.071 g、偏钨酸铵3.531 g倒入500 ml容量的三口瓶中,以300ml的去离子水在50 ℃下将其完全溶解,得到溶液A。以氨水为沉淀剂调节溶液A的pH=9,水浴加热溶液A温度至90 ℃。将四水合乙酸镍倒入烧杯以20 ml去离子水溶解,得到溶液B。在同温下将溶液B换慢滴入溶液A中,可见有沉淀逐渐生成。待滴加完毕后,在90 ℃下搅拌溶液5 h,使活性组分充分复合。搅拌过程中将吐温1.856 g,硅藻土1.523 g分别加入溶液,待搅拌完毕后,静置悬浮液以对其进行水热老化处理,老化时间2 h。老化结束后抽滤悬浮液,洗涤滤饼。将滤饼置于红外干燥箱中,在120 ℃下干燥12 h,制得催化剂前驱体。对前驱体进行焙烧,焙烧温度450 ℃,焙烧时间4 h,得氧化态催化剂。对焙烧后催化剂进行压片、过筛,选取20-40目颗粒装入反应器。在4 MPa、350 ℃、2 h-1、G/L=500的条件下对催化剂进行器内硫化还原,所得催化剂比表面积为79 m2/g,孔容0.14 cm3/g,平均孔径5.5 nm。
实施例2
按照Ni:Mo:W=2:1:1的金属摩尔配比称取六水合硝酸镍11.632 g,七钼酸铵5.071 g,偏钨酸铵3.531 g。将Mo、W化合物倒入500 ml容量的三口瓶中,以300 ml的去离子水在50℃下将其完全溶解,得到溶液A。以氨水为沉淀剂调节溶液A的pH=9,水浴加热溶液A温度至90 ℃。将六水合硝酸镍倒入烧杯以20 ml去离子水溶解,得到溶液B。在同温下将溶液B换慢滴入溶液A中,可见有沉淀逐渐生成。待滴加完毕后,在90 ℃下搅拌溶液5 h,使活性组分充分复合。搅拌过程中将吐温 2.023 g,硅藻土 4.047 g分别加入溶液,待搅拌完毕后,静置悬浮液以对其进行水热老化处理,老化时间2 h。老化结束后抽滤悬浮液,洗涤滤饼。将滤饼置于红外干燥箱中,在110 ℃下干燥12 h,制得催化剂前驱体。对前驱体进行焙烧,焙烧温度450 ℃,焙烧时间4 h,得氧化态催化剂。对焙烧后催化剂进行压片、过筛,选取20-40目颗粒装入反应器。在4 MPa、360 ℃、2 h-1、G/L=500的条件下对催化剂进行器内硫化还原,所得催化剂比表面积为86 m2/g,孔容0.15 cm3/g,平均孔径5.8 nm。
实施例3
按照Ni:Mo:W=2:1:1的金属摩尔配比称取六水合氯化镍9.520 g,七钼酸铵5.071 g,偏钨酸铵3.531 g。将Mo、W化合物倒入500 ml容量的三口瓶中,以300ml的去离子水在50 ℃下将其完全溶解,得到溶液A。以氨水为沉淀剂调节溶液A的pH=9,水浴加热溶液A温度至90℃。将六水合氯化镍倒入烧杯以20 ml去离子水溶解,得到溶液B。在同温下将溶液B换慢滴入溶液A中,可见有沉淀逐渐生成。待滴加完毕后,在90 ℃下搅拌溶液5 h,使活性组分充分复合。搅拌过程中将吐温 1.208 g,硅藻土2.416 g分别加入溶液,待搅拌完毕后,静置悬浮液以对其进行水热老化处理,老化时间2 h。老化结束后抽滤悬浮液,洗涤滤饼。将滤饼置于红外干燥箱中,在110 ℃下干燥12 h,制得催化剂前驱体。对前驱体进行焙烧,焙烧温度450℃,焙烧时间4 h,得氧化态催化剂。对焙烧后催化剂进行压片、过筛,选取20-40目颗粒装入反应器。在4 MPa、360 ℃、2 h-1、G/L=500的条件下对催化剂进行器内硫化还原,所得催化剂比表面积为95 m2/g,孔容0.13 cm3/g,平均孔径5.8 nm。
实施例4
按照Ni:Mo:W=2:1:1的金属摩尔配比称取六水合氯化镍9.520 g,七钼酸铵5.071 g,偏钨酸铵3.531 g。将Mo、W化合物倒入500 ml容量的三口瓶中,以300 ml的去离子水在50 ℃下将其完全溶解,得到溶液A。以氨水为沉淀剂调节溶液A的pH=9,水浴加热溶液A温度至90℃。将六水合氯化镍倒入烧杯以20 ml去离子水溶解,得到溶液B。在同温下将溶液B换慢滴入溶液A中,可见有沉淀逐渐生成。待滴加完毕后,在90 ℃下搅拌溶液5 h,使活性组分充分复合。搅拌过程中将吐温1.812 g,硅藻土3.624 g分别加入溶液,待搅拌完毕后,静置悬浮液以对其进行水热老化处理,老化时间4 h。老化结束后抽滤悬浮液,洗涤滤饼。将滤饼置于红外干燥箱中,在110 ℃下干燥12 h,制得催化剂前驱体。对前驱体进行焙烧,焙烧温度450℃,焙烧时间4 h,得氧化态催化剂。对焙烧后催化剂进行压片、过筛,选取20-40目颗粒装入反应器。在4 MPa、360 ℃、2 h-1、G/L=500的条件下对催化剂进行器内硫化还原,所得催化剂比表面积为109 m2/g,孔容0.17 cm3/g,平均孔径6.5 nm。
实施例5
按照Ni:Mo:W=2:1:1的金属摩尔配比称取四水合乙酸镍9.954 g,七钼酸铵5.071 g,偏钨酸铵3.531 g。将Mo、W化合物倒入500 ml容量的三口瓶中,以300 ml的去离子水在50 ℃下将其完全溶解,得到溶液A。以氨水为沉淀剂调节溶液A的pH=9,水浴加热溶液A温度至90℃。将四水合乙酸镍倒入烧杯以适量去离子水溶解,得到溶液B。在同温下将溶液B换慢滴入溶液A中,可见有沉淀逐渐生成。搅拌过程中将吐温1.856 g,硅藻土3.711 g分别加入溶液,待待滴加完毕后,在90 ℃下搅拌溶液5 h,使活性组分充分复合。搅拌完毕后抽滤悬浮液,洗涤滤饼。将滤饼置于红外干燥箱中,在110 ℃下干燥12 h,制得催化剂前驱体。对前驱体进行焙烧,焙烧温度450 ℃,焙烧时间4 h,得氧化态催化剂。对焙烧后催化剂进行压片、过筛,选取20-40目颗粒装入反应器。在4 MPa、360 ℃、2 h-1、G/L=500的条件下对催化剂进行器内硫化还原,所得催化剂比表面积为72 m2/g,孔容0.13 cm3/g,平均孔径5.2 nm。
实施例6
按照Ni:Mo:W=1:1:1的金属摩尔配比称取四水合乙酸镍4.977 g,七钼酸铵5.071 g,偏钨酸铵3.531 g。将Mo、W化合物倒入500 ml容量的三口瓶中,以300 ml的去离子水在50 ℃下将其完全溶解,得到溶液A。所选择的沉淀剂是碳酸氢钠,沉淀剂调节溶液A至适当的pH值范围为11。溶液B加入溶液A的方式是一次性加入;吐温加入溶液的方式是一次性加入;硅藻土加入溶液的方式一次性加入。所述的水热老化的时间为6 h。对催化剂前驱体进行焙烧处理,焙烧温度为300℃,焙烧时间为2h,焙烧结束后得到相应的氧化态催化剂;对氧化态催化剂进行器内硫化还原,还原压力为2 MPa,温度为200℃,空速为1h-1,氢油体积比为200,还原时间为4 h,还原过程结束后得到相应的硫化态催化剂。所述的吐温为固态半透明晶体状态。所述的硅藻土的添加量占催化剂总质量的10%。
实施例7
按照Ni:Mo:W=1:1:1的金属摩尔配比称取四水合乙酸镍19.908 g,七钼酸铵5.071 g,偏钨酸铵3.531 g。将Mo、W化合物倒入500 ml容量的三口瓶中,以300 ml的去离子水在50℃下将其完全溶解,得到溶液A。所选择的沉淀剂是碳酸钠,沉淀剂调节溶液A至适当的pH值为8。溶液B加入溶液A的方式是采用同温逐滴加入;吐温加入溶液的方式是采用同温缓缓加入;硅藻土加入溶液的方式是采用同温缓缓加入。所述的水热老化的时间为10 h。对催化剂前驱体进行焙烧处理,焙烧温度为500 ℃,焙烧时间为6 h,焙烧结束后得到相应的氧化态催化剂;对氧化态催化剂进行器内硫化还原,还原压力为4 MPa,温度为400 ℃,空速为4 h-1,氢油体积比为700,还原时间为24 h,还原过程结束后得到相应的硫化态催化剂。所述的硅藻土的添加量占催化剂总质量的30%。
本发明所述催化剂的评价方法为:
催化剂的活性评价在20 ml高压微型加氢反应装置上进行。评价原料为大连西太催化裂化柴油,原料采用齿轮泵泵入,产物经冷高分和低压分离器气液分离后,液体产物接入采集罐。在预硫化过程结束后,降低温度至280 ℃,泵入评价原料。反应稳定6 h后接样,样品每3 h采集一次。几种添加不同分子量吐温的催化剂的活性评价结果如表1所示。
表 1 加入吐温和硅藻土的Ni-Mo-W非负载型催化剂的堆密度及脱硫率
注:1-9#样品分别代表Ni-Mo-W中吐温:硅藻土的加入量不同摩尔比值
从表1可以明显看出,添加助剂吐温和硅藻土后催化剂堆密度明显变小而脱硫率明显提升,说明吐温和硅藻土联用适于非负载型催化剂的制备。吐温可使颗粒集结成多孔的簇团而不至于过度分散,催化剂颗粒更加疏松多孔,体现出较小的堆密度,硅藻土自身具有丰的孔结构同时机械强度较高,二者联用即可明显增加催化剂比表面积, HDS活性也相应显著提高。
以上所述实施方式仅为本发明诸多实施方式中的几种,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书的保护范围为准,任何本技术领域技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种添加助剂改性三元金属体相催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,制备步骤包括:
(1)称取0.02-0.1mol的Mo、W铵盐,溶于300 ml去离子水配成溶液A,并以沉淀剂调节溶液A至适当的pH值至8-10范围内;
(2)称取0.05-0.2mol的水溶性镍盐为助催化组分原料,溶于20ml去离子水配成溶液B;
(3) 将溶液B加入溶液A混合,可见有沉淀生成;在70-100℃下搅拌含有沉淀的悬浮液3-8 h,搅拌过程中加入0.02-0.15mol 吐温和0.02-0.15mol硅藻土,使活性组分复合完全,搅拌完成后恒温静置溶液,对其进行老化处理4-18 h;
(4) 老化过程结束后抽滤悬浮液,并以去离子水洗涤滤饼,将滤饼置于恒温红外干燥箱中烘干4-32 h,得催化剂前驱体;
(5) 经焙烧、器内还原即得具有良好加氢脱硫活性的非负载型催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加助剂改性三元金属体相催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所选用的水溶性镍盐可以是六水合硝酸镍、四水合乙酸镍、氯化镍、硫酸镍中的一种,两种VIB族金属化合物是Mo、W或Cr的铵盐中的任意两种。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种添加助剂改性三元金属体相催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,助催化组分Ni与两种VIB族活性组分的金属摩尔配比为水溶性镍盐:七钼酸铵:偏钨酸铵=1: 1~4:1~4。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加助剂改性三元金属体相催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所选择的沉淀剂是氨水、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠以及氢氧化钠中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加助剂改性三元金属体相催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,溶液B加入溶液A的方式是逐滴加入或一次性加入,逐滴加入时,采用同温或异温滴加;吐温加入溶液的方式是缓缓加入或一次性加入,缓缓加入时,采用同温或异温倒入;硅藻土加入溶液的方式是缓缓加入或一次性加入,缓缓加入时,采用同温或异温倒入。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种添加助剂改性三元金属体相催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述的老化的时间为6-10 h。
7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种添加助剂改性三元金属体相催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,对催化剂前驱体进行焙烧处理,焙烧温度为300-550 ℃,焙烧时间为2-6 h,焙烧结束后得到相应的氧化态催化剂;对氧化态催化剂进行器内硫化还原,还原压力为2-4 MPa,温度为200-400 ℃,空速为1-4 h-1,氢油体积比为200-700,还原时间为4-24 h,还原过程结束后得到相应的硫化态催化剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加助剂改性三元金属体相催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的吐温的分子量为1230。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加助剂改性三元金属体相催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的硅藻土的添加量占催化剂总质量的10%-30%。
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