CN106994351A - 一种馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106994351A CN106994351A CN201710408434.9A CN201710408434A CN106994351A CN 106994351 A CN106994351 A CN 106994351A CN 201710408434 A CN201710408434 A CN 201710408434A CN 106994351 A CN106994351 A CN 106994351A
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- acid
- carrier
- macroporous structure
- magnesium
- alumina support
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 244000275012 Sesbania cannabina Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001648 diaspore Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002803 maceration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 17
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 5
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 4
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 150000001495 arsenic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940093920 gynecological arsenic compound Drugs 0.000 description 4
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 description 2
- -1 aluminum ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003255 Carthamus tinctorius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000020518 Carthamus tinctorius Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000006927 Foeniculum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004204 Foeniculum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001484 Trigonella foenum graecum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000250129 Trigonella foenum graecum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VODBHXZOIQDDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[Cu++].[Zn++] VODBHXZOIQDDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000001019 trigonella foenum-graecum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/883—Molybdenum and nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/651—50-500 nm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
- C10G45/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/202—Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/70—Catalyst aspects
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种馏分油加氢脱砷的催化剂及制备方法,催化剂的组成以氧化物质量计,包括如下组分:具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体70.0‑96.0wt%,活性组分氧化镍占2.0‑20.0wt%、氧化钼占2.0‑10.0wt%,载体使用壳聚糖作为扩孔剂,加氢催化剂的脱砷活性高,运转周期长。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于加氢脱砷催化剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂及制备方法,更具体地是一种具有大孔结构的氧化铝为载体的馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂及制备方法。
背景技术
众所周知,石油烃特别是液态石油烃中的砷化物对其后续加工有着明显的负面影响。最突出的问题是引起催化剂中毒。砷化物还容易沉积在管导表面,腐蚀管道,造成隐患。严重时,砷化物将会使某些工艺过程不能顺利进行。随着环保要求的提高及有害气体排放标准的提高,清洁油品的需求迅猛增长,尤其以汽油、柴油、溶剂油和润滑油最为突出。近年来由于石油原料的日趋劣质化,致使用于制取上述油品的原料如轻石脑油、催化汽油、拔头油等中有害物质如硫、砷的含量不断增加,在这种情况下,势必需要对上述原料油进行加氢精制处理达到脱硫脱砷的目的。例如,催化重整前石油烃原料的砷含量最好低于1ng/g,又如,石脑油产品中的砷含量应当小于20ng/g。为了脱除石脑油中的砷,人们进行了长期的研究,在实际工况中,影响加氢脱硫脱砷效率的因素众多,催化剂的性能无疑是最关键的因素之一。
美国专利US5169516描述了一种以CuO/ZnO/Al2O3为脱砷剂的脱砷方法,为了避免石油烃中的硫化物对脱砷过程产生不利的影响,该脱砷剂不含或低含氧化铝。中国专利CN1278523A公开了一种常温脱除烃中微量砷化物的催化剂及其制备方法,该催化剂由CuO、ZnO、Al2O3和贵金属组成。中国专利CN1030440A涉及到从通常为液态的碳氢化合物或碳氢化合物的混合物中去除磷和砷化物的过程。在此过程中,使用上述碳氢化合物和氢气与一种含至少50%金属镍的催化剂接触,该过程可用于汽油和石脑油提纯。中国专利CN1294174A公开了一种主要成分为γ-Al2O3和硅铝酸盐分子筛的多孔脱砷剂,适用于石脑油等轻质油品的脱砷。中国专利CN1289820A公开了一种从轻油中脱除砷的方法和脱砷吸附剂。该脱砷剂由自由活性氧化物载体和选自铜(锌)氧化物、硫化物或硫酸盐的活性组分。能在常温条件下脱除含硫石脑油中的砷化物(300ng/g至10ng/g)。中国专利公开号为CN101602642A的专利报道了一种用于丙烯、乙烯轻烃物料脱除砷的催化剂及其制备方法,该催化剂以氧化铝为载体,氧化铜为活性组分,氧化锌为助剂,该方法与中国专利CN101602642A中的催化剂制备方法类似,只是载体由氧化铝改为了活性炭。中国专利文献CN103204528A公开了一种具有高强度和稳定的晶体结构的镁铝尖晶石化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将含铝化合物与含镁化合物以摩尔比Al:Mg为3.2:1-3.92:1的比例混合均匀;(2)将酸溶液加入步骤(1)的混合物中,搅拌均匀使之成浆液;(3)将步骤(2)中得到的浆液用碱液中和;(4)将步骤(3)中得到的生成物过滤、滤饼洗涤、干燥、焙烧即得到镁铝尖晶石化合物。上述制备方法通过在步骤(2)的酸性条件下,使得含铝化合物与含镁化合物容易初步形成镁铝尖晶石晶核,进而再在步骤(3)中加入碱液,在中和多余酸的同时,减少浆液中溶解的铝离子,使铝离子向生成铝氧化合物的方向移动,从而使铝源能以氧化物或其他形式附着在形成的镁铝尖晶石晶核的周围,那么在后续的干燥焙烧步骤中,铝源能在镁铝晶体晶核的长大过程中直接掺杂进入镁铝晶体的晶格,从而使得形成的镁铝尖晶石化合物的强度较大、晶体结构较为稳定,从而较好的满足加氢催化剂对载体的强度要求。
由于液态石脑油烃组成复杂,因此对脱砷剂的要求相对较高,上述现有脱砷剂存在的问题是催化剂砷容量低或加氢脱砷活性差、耐杂质能力差,易失活,运转周期短。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂及制备方法,催化剂的载体是具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体,活性组分包括氧化镍和氧化钼。该催化剂加氢脱砷活性高,砷的脱除率高,生产运转周期长。
本发明所述的一种馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂,由以下组分组成:具有大孔的氧化铝载体占70.0-96.0wt%,活性组分氧化镍占2.0-20.0wt%、氧化钼占2.0-10.0wt%;
优选的,具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体占78.0-92.0wt%,活性组分氧化镍占6.0-16.0wt%、氧化钼占2.0-6.0wt%。
所述馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂制备方法包括如下步骤:将含镍和含钼的可溶性盐配成浸渍液,浸渍具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体,在120-160℃下干燥4-8小时,500-700℃下焙烧5-8小时,得到加氢脱砷催化剂。
本发明所述具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体,载体中含有助剂组分磷和镁,助剂组分磷和镁的含量占载体质量的百分含量分别为P2O50.1-2.5wt%、MgO 0.1-2.5wt%,孔径分布60-180nm,优选65-150nm,大孔比例2-75%,优选5-65%,孔容0.8-2.0ml/g,优选0.8-1.3ml/g或优选1.6-2.0ml/g,比表面积250-300m2/g。载体使用壳聚糖作为扩孔剂。
本发明所述具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体,孔径可以通过变化扩孔剂的加入量以及扩孔剂的分子量大小进行调整。孔径分布可以在60-180nm之间变化,比如60-90nm,100-160nm,120-180nm等范围。大孔比例为2-75%,可以调变为5-30%,35-50%,55-75%等范围。
本发明所述具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:首先,用酸溶液酸化壳聚糖,然后将拟薄水铝石和田菁粉加入到捏合机中混合均匀,再加入磷酸和硝酸镁的混合溶液,最后将含壳聚糖的酸溶液加入到拟薄水铝石粉末中捏合均匀,含扩孔剂的酸溶液的加入量为拟薄水铝石的0.1-8wt%,优选0.2-5.0wt%,经过挤条-成型-干燥-焙烧,得到具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体。
所述酸溶液酸化壳聚糖的过程如下:首先将壳聚糖扩孔剂加入到30-95℃的去离子水中,之后滴加酸,直至壳聚糖溶解完全,得到含扩孔剂的酸溶液。所述酸可以是无机酸或者有机酸,优选醋酸、甲酸、苹果酸、乳酸等。酸的加入量以能完全溶解壳聚糖为宜。也可以选用水溶性壳聚糖,比如羧化壳聚糖、壳聚糖盐类、壳聚糖硫酸酯等。壳聚糖酸溶液最好用超声波震荡或者磁力搅拌。超声波震荡10min以上,磁力搅拌0.5-2h。对扩孔剂进行超声波震荡或者磁力搅拌,扩孔剂分散性好,氧化铝载体更容易产生大孔,而且孔径分布更加集中,孔径分布在70-180nm。
所述田菁粉的加入量为拟薄水铝石的0.1-7wt%。
捏合或挤条工艺为,将配置好的含扩孔剂的酸溶液加入到田菁粉和拟薄水铝石中混合均匀,之后挤条、成型,经过100-160℃烘干3-9小时,650-800℃焙烧4-8小时,最终得到具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体。
本发明所述氧化铝载体采用壳聚糖为扩孔剂,制备的氧化铝载体含有大孔结构,同时还含有介孔结构,介孔范围在2-50nm,介孔比例15-75%,优选15-50%,是一种含介-大孔的氧化铝载体。而且孔径并非均一的孔径结构。
采用上述制备方法得到的具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体,还可以利用磷和镁对载体表面进行改性,磷和镁的浓度不宜过高,最好是配置浓度低于制备复合载体时的磷酸和硝酸镁水溶液喷淋载体表面,优选通过如下步骤进行载体表面改性:配置含磷酸和硝酸镁的水溶液喷淋具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体,经干燥、焙烧得到用助剂磷和镁进行表面改性的氧化铝载体,控制具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体中P2O5和MgO含量分别在0.1-2.5wt%和0.1-2.5wt%的范围内,并使载体表面P2O5和MgO的含量是内部P2O5和MgO含量的1.05-1.6倍。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
1、本发明氧化铝载体采用壳聚糖作为扩孔剂,扩孔剂壳聚糖价格低廉,而且环保无毒,适合工业化生产。得到的具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体,孔径大小可调节,大孔比例可以有效控制。而且载体还含有介孔,是一种介-大孔氧化铝载体。
2、本发明还可以在氧化铝载体中引入磷和镁,得到的具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体,该载体制备成加氢脱砷催化剂,具有更好的加氢脱砷活性和稳定性。
3、本发明得到的具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体,利用磷和镁对具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体表面进行改性,并使载体表面P2O5和MgO的含量是内部P2O5和MgO含量的1.05-1.6倍。采用喷淋的方式对载体表面进行改性,能够有效胶溶载体表面的部分微孔,这样有利于减少载体表面的微孔比例,提高载体表面介-大孔比例,促进载体表面产生出更多的活性位负载中心,有效提高催化剂脱硫活性。对载体表面的改进不宜用浸渍方法,浸渍载体表面会使大量水分进入载体,强度变差,达不到提高载体表面介-大孔比例的目的。
4、本发明馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂载体是具有介-大孔结构的氧化铝载体,催化剂脱砷活性高,活性稳定性好。
附图说明
图1为实施例3制备的具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体的孔径分布图。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明一种馏分油加氢脱砷的催化剂及制备方法进一步的详细说明。但这些实施例不应认为是对本发明的限制。
分析方法及标准:
砷含量分析:SH/T 0629-1996。
制备催化剂所用主要原料来源:本发明试剂均为市售产品。
原料油为重整石脑油,砷含量为120ng/g。
实施例1
首先将8.0克水溶性壳聚糖扩孔剂加入到50℃的去离子水中,之后滴加醋酸,直至壳聚糖溶解完全,得到含扩孔剂的酸溶液。分别称取磷酸1.46g,硝酸镁7.35g,将磷酸和硝酸镁完全溶解于70g蒸馏水中配成含磷、镁的水溶液。称量350g拟薄水铝石粉和20.0g田菁粉加入到捏合机中,并混合均匀,再加入磷酸和硝酸镁的混合溶液,最后将含壳聚糖的酸溶液加入到拟薄水铝石粉末中捏合均匀,经过捏合-挤条成型为三叶草形状。在120℃干燥8小时,700℃焙烧4小时,得到含磷和镁的氧化铝载体1。载体1中五氧化二磷0.5wt%,氧化镁0.8wt%。具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体比表面积与孔径分布见表1。
取50.6g硝酸镍和2.72g钼酸铵加入到30ml蒸馏水中,加入氨水调节pH值后,再用去离子水稀释,配成浸渍液浸渍上述制备的具有大孔结构的氧化铝的载体100g,得到的催化剂前躯体在120℃烘干后在550℃焙烧6h,得到加氢脱砷催化剂1。催化剂1主要组成:氧化镍13.0wt%,氧化钼2.0wt%,具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体85.0wt%。
实施例2
将8.0g水溶性壳聚糖扩孔剂加入到50℃的去离子水中,之后滴加醋酸,直至壳聚糖溶解完全,得到含扩孔剂的酸溶液。分别称取磷酸1.09g,硝酸镁9.12g,将磷酸和硝酸镁完全溶解于70g蒸馏水中配成含磷、镁的水溶液。称量350g拟薄水铝石粉子和20.0g田菁粉加入到捏合机中,并混合均匀,再加入磷酸和硝酸镁的混合溶液,最后将含壳聚糖的酸溶液加入到拟薄水铝石粉末中捏合均匀,经过捏合-挤条成型为三叶草形状。在120℃干燥8小时,700℃焙烧4小时,得到含磷和镁的氧化铝载体。再利用磷和镁对载体表面进行改性,配置含磷酸和硝酸镁的水溶液喷淋具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体,经120℃干燥8小时,700℃焙烧4小时得到用助剂磷和镁进行表面改性的氧化铝载体2,载体2表面P2O5和MgO的含量是内部P2O5和MgO含量的1.2倍。具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体比表面积与孔径分布见表1。
取硝酸镍和钼酸铵配制成浸渍液,浸渍具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体100g,具体步骤同实施实例1。催化剂在120℃烘干6h后在600℃焙烧6.5h,得到加氢脱砷催化剂2。催化剂2主要组成:氧化镍10.0wt%,氧化钼4.0wt%,具有大孔结构氧化铝载体86.0wt%。
实施例3
载体的制备方法按照实施例1进行。不同之处在于将水溶性壳聚糖扩孔剂更换为非水溶性壳聚糖扩孔剂,壳聚糖甲酸液用磁力搅拌器搅拌30分钟。得到具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体3。载体中助剂组分磷和镁的含量占载体质量的百分含量分别为P2O51.8wt%、MgO2.0wt%。其比表面积与孔径分布见表1。
取硝酸镍和钼酸铵配制成浸渍液,浸渍具有大孔结构的氧化铝的载体100g。催化剂在130℃烘干6h后在650℃焙烧6.0h,得到加氢脱砷催化剂3。催化剂3主要组成:氧化镍9.0wt%,氧化钼4.0wt%,具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体87.0wt%。
实施例4
载体的制备方法按照实施例1进行。不同之处在于将水溶性壳聚糖扩孔剂更换为非水溶性壳聚糖扩孔剂,壳聚糖乙酸液用超声波震荡15分钟。得到具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体。载体中助剂组分磷和镁的含量占载体质量的百分含量分别为P2O5 0.8wt%、MgO1.0wt%。再利用磷和镁对载体表面进行改性,得到载体4,载体4表面P2O5和MgO的含量是内部P2O5和MgO含量的1.5倍。具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体4比表面积与孔径分布见表1。
取硝酸镍和钼酸铵配制成浸渍液,浸渍具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体100g。催化剂在130℃烘干7h后在550℃焙烧7.0h,得到加氢脱砷催化剂4。催化剂4主要组成:氧化镍8.0wt%,氧化钼2.5wt%,具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体90.5wt%。
将催化剂1-4分别装入100ml固定床反应器中,进行评价催化剂反应性能。用硫化油对催化剂进行预硫化,硫化油为直馏汽油,硫化剂为CS2,其浓度为1.0wt%;硫化压力为2.0MPa,氢油体积比为200,硫化油体积空速为3.0h-1,硫化程序为分别在220℃、280℃硫化处理6h。硫化处理结束后,用石脑油置换处理8h,待预硫化过程结束后,调整到反应工艺条件,进重整石脑油反应。反应工艺条件为:反应器温度180℃,反应压力2.0MPa,体积空速6.0h-1,氢油体积比150。反应约55h后取样分析,反应产品性质见表2。由表2可以看出,催化剂加氢脱砷活性高、砷脱除率高。反应运行1000h,经过表面修饰的加氢催化剂2和4经长周期运转后,反应活性未见明显下降,未经过表面修饰的加氢催化剂1和3其反应活性略有下降。本发明所制备的催化剂在长周期运转过程中反应性能稳定,加氢脱砷稳定性良好。
表1大孔的氧化铝载体比表面积与孔径分布
表2催化剂反应产品性质
当然,本发明还可有其它多种实施例,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,熟悉本领域的技术人员可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂,其特征在于,由以下组分组成:
具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体占70.0-96.0wt%,活性组分氧化镍占2.0-20.0wt%、氧化钼占2.0-10.0wt%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂,其特征在于,具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体占78.0-92.0wt%,活性组分氧化镍占6.0-16.0wt%、氧化钼占2.0-6.0wt%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂,其特征在于,所述载体中含有助剂组分磷和镁,助剂组分磷和镁的含量占载体质量的百分含量分别为P2O5 0.1-2.5wt%、MgO 0.1-2.5wt%,孔径分布60-180nm,大孔比例2-75%,孔容0.8-2.0ml/g,比表面积250-300m2/g。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂,其特征在于,所述氧化铝载体的孔径分布在65-150nm,大孔比例5-65%,孔容0.8-1.3ml/g。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:将含镍和含钼的可溶性盐配成浸渍液,浸渍具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体,在120-160℃下干燥4-8小时,500-700℃下焙烧5-8小时,得到加氢脱砷催化剂。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂,其特征在于,所述氧化铝载体同时还含有介孔结构,介孔范围在2-50nm,介孔比例15-75%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂,其特征在于,所述氧化铝载体的制备方法包括如下步骤:首先,用酸溶液酸化壳聚糖,然后将拟薄水铝石和田菁粉加入到捏合机中混合均匀,再加入磷酸和硝酸镁的混合溶液,最后将含壳聚糖的酸溶液加入到拟薄水铝石粉末中捏合均匀,含扩孔剂的酸溶液的加入量为拟薄水铝石的0.1-8wt%,经过挤条-成型-干燥-焙烧,得到具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂,其特征在于,所述酸溶液酸化壳聚糖的过程如下:首先将壳聚糖扩孔剂加入到30-95℃的去离子水中,之后滴加酸,直至壳聚糖溶解完全,得到含扩孔剂的酸溶液;所述酸为醋酸、甲酸、苹果酸或乳酸中的一种或几种,壳聚糖酸溶液用超声波震荡或者磁力搅拌。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂,其特征在于,所述载体表面P2O5和MgO的含量是内部P2O5和MgO含量的1.05-1.6倍。
10.根据权利要求3所述的一种馏分油加氢脱砷催化剂,其特征在于,对权利要求3得到的具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体,利用磷和镁对载体表面进行改性:配置含磷酸和硝酸镁的水溶液喷淋具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体,经干燥、焙烧得到用助剂磷和镁进行表面改性的氧化铝载体,控制具有大孔结构的氧化铝载体中P2O5和MgO含量分别在0.1-2.5wt%和0.1-2.5wt%的范围内,并使载体表面P2O5和MgO的含量是内部P2O5和MgO含量的1.05-1.6倍。
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