CN106824199A - 一种用于制备1,4‑丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于制备1,4‑丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106824199A
CN106824199A CN201611133962.XA CN201611133962A CN106824199A CN 106824199 A CN106824199 A CN 106824199A CN 201611133962 A CN201611133962 A CN 201611133962A CN 106824199 A CN106824199 A CN 106824199A
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和进伟
孙凯
张方
林伟
郭欣
徐亮亮
王立坡
孟宪岗
方志勇
张园园
尚凤玲
周广耀
吉鹏飞
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Shanghai Yi On Environmental Technology Co Ltd
HENAN KAIXIANG FINE CHEMICAL CO Ltd
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HENAN KAIXIANG FINE CHEMICAL CO Ltd
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    • B01J23/76Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
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Abstract

本发明针对现有技术的不足,提供一种用于制备1,4‑丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂及其制备方法,所述催化剂组成为Ni‑Al‑M,以质量百分比计,Ni 91%~95%,Al 4%~8%,M 0.5%~3%;且M为Cu、Mo、Ca、Fe和Zn中的任一种。本发明制备方法流程简单、环保,所制备的低压加氢催化剂活性高,该催化剂用于Reppe工艺,即1,4‑丁炔二醇于浆态床反应器中加氢生成1,4‑丁二醇,在较低压力下,就表现出较高的催化活性,1,4‑丁炔二醇的转化率大于99%,1,4‑丁二醇的选择性为91.6~96.7%,且反应过程中,催化剂的稳定性好。

Description

一种用于制备1,4-丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于化工生产技术领域,具体涉及一种用于制备1,4-丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
1,4-丁二醇(BDO)是一种重要的有机和精细化工原料,被广泛应用于医药、化工、纺织、造纸、汽车和日用化工行业。1,4-丁二醇的下游产品主要包括四氢呋喃(THF)、γ-丁内酯(GBL)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚氨酯树脂(PU Resin)、涂料和增塑剂等。近年来,热塑性弹性纤维和弹性体需求迅速增长,其单体聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)和聚四氢呋喃(PTMG)的需求也不断增长,使得上游1,4-丁二醇需求量也快速增长。目前,1,4-丁二醇的生产路线主要有以下四种:1、以乙炔和甲醛为原料先合成1,4-丁炔二醇,然后采用低压加氢的Reppe工艺;2、以丁二烯为原料的乙酰氧基化法和氯化法工艺;3、以丙烯醇为原料的液相加氢工艺;4、以顺酐为原料的加氢工艺。其中,第一种方法所需低压加氢催化剂通常为雷尼镍—铝—X催化剂,X为Mg、S、Ti、La、Sn或W,其转化率和选择性对于实现大规模工业化生产还存在较大差距。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足,提供一种用于制备1,4-丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂及其制备方法。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种用于制备1,4-丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂,所述催化剂组成为Ni-Al-M,以质量百分比计,Ni 91%~95%,Al 4%~8%,M 0.5%~3%;且M为Cu、Mo、Ca、Fe和Zn中的任一种。
上述的用于制备1,4-丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按以下质量比取Ni、Al和M三种原料:Ni和Al的质量比为0.4~1.2:1,M的添加量为Ni和Al总质量的0.05%~2.5%,将三种原料置于熔炼炉中,混合熔融后,保持800~2000℃继续熔炼70~100min;
(2)将步骤(1)熔炼得到的合金熔体淬火冷却;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的合金粉碎、碾磨得合金粉末,并筛选300~430目的合金粉末;
(4)将步骤(3)筛选后的合金粉末置于浓度为4%~40%、温度为50~100℃的KOH溶液中活化60~100min,即得催化剂;合金粉末中的Al会与KOH溶液反应,溶解反应掉部分Al,从而使合金粉末获得多孔结构;
(5)将步骤(4)所得催化剂用蒸馏水洗至pH为7.5~8.5,备用。
进一步地,所得催化剂的粒径为300~430目。
进一步地,KOH溶液与合金粉末的质量比为3~5:1。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明所述制备方法流程简单、环保,所制备的低压加氢催化剂活性高,该催化剂用于Reppe工艺,即1,4-丁炔二醇于浆态床反应器中加氢生成1,4-丁二醇,在较低压力下,就表现出较高的催化活性,1,4-丁炔二醇的转化率大于99%,1,4-丁二醇的选择性为91.6~96.7%,且反应过程中,催化剂的稳定性好。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的技术目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚,下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作出进一步的说明。
实施例1:Ni-Al-Cu
一种用于制备1,4-丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将200g的Ni、500g的Al和0.35g的Cu置于熔炼炉中,熔融后,保持1400℃继续熔炼100min;
(2)将步骤(1)熔炼之后的合金熔体于15℃~25℃水中淬火冷却;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的合金粉碎、碾磨得合金粉末,并筛选300目的合金粉末;
(4)将步骤(3)筛选后的合金粉末置于浓度为40%、温度为50℃的KOH溶液中活化100min,即得催化剂;KOH溶液与合金粉末的质量比为5:1。
(5)将步骤(4)所得催化剂用蒸馏水洗至pH为8.5,备用,所得催化剂的粒径为300目,所得催化剂组成为Ni-Al-Cu,以质量百分比计,Ni 91%,Al 8%,Cu 0.5%。
实施例2:Ni-Al-Cu
一种用于制备1,4-丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将600g的Ni、500g的Al和27.5g的Cu置于熔炼炉中,熔融后,保持1400℃继续熔炼100min;
(2)将步骤(1)熔炼之后的合金熔体于15℃~25℃水中淬火冷却;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的合金粉碎、碾磨得合金粉末,并筛选430目的合金粉末;
(4)将步骤(3)筛选后的合金粉末置于浓度为40%、温度为80℃的KOH溶液中活化100min,即得催化剂;KOH溶液与合金粉末的质量比为3:1。
(5)将步骤(4)所得催化剂用蒸馏水洗至pH为7.5,备用,所得催化剂的粒径为430目,所得催化剂组成为Ni-Al-Cu,以质量百分比计,Ni 95%,Al 4%,Cu 2%。
实施例3:Ni-Al-Mo
一种用于制备1,4-丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将350g的Ni、500g的Al和5.1g的Mo置于熔炼炉中,熔融后,保持1600℃继续熔炼90min;
(2)将步骤(1)熔炼之后的合金熔体于15℃~25℃水中淬火冷却;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的合金粉碎、碾磨得合金粉末,并筛选300目的合金粉末;
(4)将步骤(3)筛选后的合金粉末置于浓度为30%、温度为60℃的KOH溶液中活化80min,即得催化剂;KOH溶液与合金粉末的质量比为5:1。
(5)将步骤(4)所得催化剂用蒸馏水洗至pH为8.0,备用,所得催化剂的粒径为300目,所得催化剂组成为Ni-Al-Mo,以质量百分比计,Ni 92%,Al 7%,Mo 1%。
实施例4:Ni-Al-Ca
一种用于制备1,4-丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将200g的Ni、500g的Al和0.35g的Ca置于熔炼炉中,熔融后,保持1400℃继续熔炼100min;
(2)将步骤(1)熔炼之后的合金熔体于15℃~25℃水中淬火冷却;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的合金粉碎、碾磨得合金粉末,并筛选300目的合金粉末;
(4)将步骤(3)筛选后的合金粉末置于浓度为40%、温度为50℃的KOH溶液中活化100min,即得催化剂;KOH溶液与合金粉末的质量比为5:1。
(5)将步骤(4)所得催化剂用蒸馏水洗至pH为8.5,备用,所得催化剂的粒径为300目,所得催化剂组成为Ni-Al-Ca,以质量百分比计,Ni 91%,Al 8%,Ca 0.5%。
实施例5:Ni-Al-Ca
一种用于制备1,4-丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将450g的Ni、500g的Al和14.25g的Ca置于熔炼炉中,熔融后,保持1700℃继续熔炼85min;
(2)将步骤(1)熔炼之后的合金熔体于15℃~25℃水中淬火冷却;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的合金粉碎、碾磨得合金粉末,并筛选360目的合金粉末;
(4)将步骤(3)筛选后的合金粉末置于浓度为20%、温度为80℃的KOH溶液中活化70min,即得催化剂;KOH溶液与合金粉末的质量比为4:1。
(5)将步骤(4)所得催化剂用蒸馏水洗至pH为8.0,备用,所得催化剂的粒径为360目,所得催化剂组成为Ni-Al-Ca,以质量百分比计,Ni 93%,Al 8%,Ca 2%。
实施例6:Ni-Al-Fe
一种用于制备1,4-丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将500g的Ni、500g的Al和20.0g的Fe置于熔炼炉中,熔融后,保持1900℃继续熔炼80min;
(2)将步骤(1)熔炼之后的合金熔体于15℃~25℃水中淬火冷却;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的合金粉碎、碾磨得合金粉末,并筛选360目的合金粉末;
(4)将步骤(3)筛选后的合金粉末置于浓度为9%、温度为60℃的KOH溶液中活化90min,即得催化剂;KOH溶液与合金粉末的质量比为4:1。
(5)将步骤(4)所得催化剂用蒸馏水洗至pH为7.5,备用,所得催化剂的粒径为360目,所得催化剂组成为Ni-Al-Fe,以质量百分比计,Ni 93%,Al 6%,Fe 3%。
实施例7:Ni-Al-Zn
一种用于制备1,4-丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将600g的Ni、500g的Al和27.5g的Zn置于熔炼炉中,熔融后,保持2000℃继续熔炼70min;
(2)将步骤(1)熔炼之后的合金熔体于15℃~25℃水中淬火冷却;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的合金粉碎、碾磨得合金粉末,并筛选430目的合金粉末;
(4)将步骤(3)筛选后的合金粉末置于浓度为4%、温度为50℃的KOH溶液中活化100min,即得催化剂;KOH溶液与合金粉末的质量比为3:1。
(5)将步骤(4)所得催化剂用蒸馏水洗至pH为7.5,备用,所得催化剂的粒径为430目,所得催化剂组成为Ni-Al- Zn,以质量百分比计,Ni 95%,Al 4%,Zn 2%。
催化效果评价
将实施例1至7制备得到的催化剂进行效果评价,催化剂的测试在1,4-丁二醇浆液床反应器中进行,评价条件为:反应温度为53~57℃,反应压力为1.9~2.1MPa,搅拌电流为100~130A,原料为质量分数31%~39%的1,4-丁炔二醇溶液,进料量为22m3/h,催化剂用量为25kg,一次性加入,反应时间为2~3h。采用气相色谱法对反应后物料中的1,4-丁二醇的含量进行测定,实施例1至7制备得到的催化剂的催化效果数据如表1所示:
表1实施例1至7制备得到的催化剂的催化效果
催化剂 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 实施例6 实施例7
Ni 91% 95% 92% 91% 93% 93% 95%
Al 8% 4% 7% 8% 8% 6% 4%
Cu 0.5% 2% -- -- -- -- --
Mo -- -- 1% -- -- -- --
Ca -- -- -- 0.5% 2% -- --
Fe -- -- -- -- -- 3% --
Zn -- -- -- -- -- -- 2%
转化率 99.2% 99.3% 99.8% 99.4% 99.4% 99.8% 99.7%
选择性 91.6% 92.3% 96.7% 92.5% 92.8% 95.3% 94.6%
由表1可知,实施例1至7制备得到的催化剂的催化效果优异,对1,4-丁炔二醇的转化率大于99%,对1,4-丁二醇的选择性为91.6~96.7%。
最后所应说明的是:上述实施例仅用于说明而非限制本发明的技术方案,任何对本发明进行的等同替换及不脱离本发明精神和范围的修改或局部替换,其均应涵盖在本发明权利要求保护的范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于制备1,4-丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂,其特征在于:所述催化剂组成为Ni-Al-M,以质量百分比计,Ni 91%~95%,Al 4%~8%,M 0.5%~3%;且M为Cu、Mo、Ca、Fe和Zn中的任一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于制备1,4-丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)按以下质量比取Ni、Al和M三种原料:Ni和Al的质量比为0.4~1.2:1,M的添加量为Ni和Al总质量的0.05%~2.5%,将三种原料置于熔炼炉中,混合熔融后,保持800~2000℃继续熔炼70~100min;
(2)将步骤(1)熔炼得到的合金熔体淬火冷却;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的合金粉碎、碾磨得合金粉末,并筛选300~430目的合金粉末;
(4)将步骤(3)筛选后的合金粉末置于浓度为4%~40%、温度为50~100℃的KOH溶液中活化60~100min,即得催化剂;
(5)将步骤(4)所得催化剂用蒸馏水洗至pH为7.5~8.5,备用。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于制备1,4-丁二醇的低压加氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,KOH溶液与合金粉末的质量比为3~5:1。
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