CN106750308A - 一种多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷及其制法和用途 - Google Patents
一种多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷及其制法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106750308A CN106750308A CN201710072250.XA CN201710072250A CN106750308A CN 106750308 A CN106750308 A CN 106750308A CN 201710072250 A CN201710072250 A CN 201710072250A CN 106750308 A CN106750308 A CN 106750308A
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- hydroxy alkyl
- alkyl phenyl
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- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- CMVOJSWILFNLFI-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;dibromate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]Br(=O)=O.[O-]Br(=O)=O CMVOJSWILFNLFI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethyldiethylenetriamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)CCN(C)C UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metaborate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]B=O NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
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- WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q triazanium;borate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 0.000 claims 1
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Classifications
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/045—Polysiloxanes containing less than 25 silicon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
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- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3271—Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3275—Hydroxyamines containing two hydroxy groups
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
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- C08G18/3278—Hydroxyamines containing at least three hydroxy groups
- C08G18/3281—Hydroxyamines containing at least three hydroxy groups containing three hydroxy groups
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/4018—Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/48
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/4833—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units
- C08G18/4837—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units
- C08G18/4845—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units containing oxypropylene or higher oxyalkylene end groups
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Abstract
本发明是关于一种多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷,它有如下结构:
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚倍半硅氧烷POSS及其改性材料,具体涉及一种多羟基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷POSS及其聚倍半硅氧烷改性聚氨酯硬质发泡材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯即聚氨基甲酸酯,是主链上含有重复氨基甲酸酯基团的大分子化合物的统称。聚氨酯是由有机二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯与二羟基或多羟基化合物加聚而成的高分子化合物。聚氨酯材料用途非常广,可以代替橡胶、塑料、尼龙等,用于建筑、交通运输、通讯电缆、航空航天、电器等多个领域。纯聚氨酯材料分子内主要为C、H元素,极易燃烧,接触火源就会立即产生火焰,不可遏制,对其应用产生极大的限制。随着国家对公共场所及建筑材料的阻燃性能要求越来越高,聚氨酯材料在耐热防火性能方面的挑战也越来越大。近年来,随着人们环保意识的增强,环境友好型阻燃剂越来越受到人们的重视,同时环境友好型阻燃剂也是阻燃技术发展的必然趋势,其中,磷氮系阻燃剂、硅系阻燃剂、硼系阻燃剂、铝-镁系阻燃剂等是几类常见的绿色阻燃剂。
聚硅氧烷是由硅原子和氧原子交替组成稳定骨架的化合物,其基本结构单元是-Si-O-。多面体笼型倍半硅氧烷(Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes,POSS)是一类具有特殊分子结构的有机硅化合物,直径一般在3-10nm之间,其分子以无机硅氧骨架为核心,外围被有机基团所包围,POSS单体中八个Si顶点处连接有八个有机取代基团,这些有机取代基团可分为两大类:一类是惰性基团,如环己基、环戊基、乙基、异丁基等;另一类是活性基团,如各类烯基、环氧基、氨基等。由于POSS含有Si-O-Si骨架的特殊结构,具有非常好的耐热性能,受热后的残余物为SiO2,赋予高分子复合材料优良的热稳定性,改善聚合物材料的阻燃性能。通过物理作用和化学键合等途径,结合纳米尺寸效应,使得POSS单体与高分子材料结合得比较紧密,限制了高分子材料链的运动,从而提高了高分子材料力学性能。中国发明专利CN103554895A公开了一种阻燃耐热聚氨酯泡沫材料,以无机化合物二氧化钛、氧化锌、改性凹凸棒土、玻化微珠作为物理添加阻燃剂,来提高聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能,该四种阻燃剂的复配能显著提高聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能,但易造成聚氨酯材料的粉化,减少其使用寿命,而且物理添加的方式长期会导致阻燃剂析出,与基体材料相容性差等缺陷。中国发明专利CN104592481A公开了一种高阻燃型聚氨酯保温板及其制备方法,在普通聚醚多元醇基础上辅助添加阻燃聚醚多元醇,同时加入几种磷酸酯类阻燃剂,制成的保温板阻燃等级达到B1级,但是由于阻燃聚醚多元醇是仅含阻燃元素的聚醚多元醇,且羟值较小,不会增强保温板的机械性能,而且阻燃聚醚多元醇加入量过高,会大大降低其力学性能。
硼系阻燃剂有很好的抑烟特性,在燃烧初期,首先发生熔融,在材料表面形成保护膜隔绝空气,并通过内部吸热反应,降低燃烧温度。聚硅氧烷类化合物与硼系阻燃剂进行二元复配对材料存在很好的阻燃协效作用,使材料的极限氧指数得到显著提高。目前,国内外相关报道的POSS应用于高分子材料阻燃方面多集中在单一的不同倍数的POSS单体或经过表面改性的POSS添加到高分子材料中,对POSS接枝多胺基、多羟基类物质的报道还较少。然而,设计合成一种同时含有多个苯基和羟基的POSS,并且和相应硼系阻燃剂复配制备成聚倍半硅氧烷改性聚氨酯硬质发泡材料的文献和专利至今还未见报道。
发明内容
为克服现有技术不能同时满足聚氨酯材料阻燃性能和力学性能的不足,本发明提供一种聚倍半硅氧烷改性聚氨酯硬质发泡材料的制备方法,该方法能提高聚氨酯材料阻燃性能,同时改善其力学性能。该方法中首次新合成一种含有多个羟基苯基基团的POSS,多羟基基团和异氰酸酯基以化学键连的方式结合,用分子设计的方式将刚性阻燃结构POSS和耐热结构苯环链接在聚氨酯的分子链上,POSS分子处于纳米尺度,并不破坏聚氨酯泡孔的结构,同时加入少量硼系阻燃剂进行复配,形成Si-B协同阻燃效应,大幅度提升聚氨酯材料的阻燃性能和力学性能。
本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷,它有如下结构:
其中
一种上述的多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷的制备方法,它包括如下步骤:
步骤1、分别称取环氧丙醇和4-氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护下,冰水浴,向环氧丙醇中滴加4-氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷,结束后混合物在20-25℃下反应5-10h,环氧丙醇和4-氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷的摩尔比为0.5-2:1;
步骤2、将步骤1中产品溶解在甲醇溶液中,搅拌条件下,滴加质量浓度为1.5%-3.5%的氟化氢水溶液,20-25℃下搅拌4-10h,反应结束后减压蒸馏移除水分、甲醇和乙醇,30-40℃、-0.080MPa下真空干燥1-5h得到多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷POSS纳米粒子,其中4-氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷和甲醇的质量比为1:3-10,4-苯胺基三乙氧基硅烷和氟化氢溶液质量比为1:0.05-0.15。
上述的多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷的结构式及合成路线如下:
上述多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷在制备聚倍半硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯硬质发泡材料中的应用。
一种采用上述聚倍半硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯硬质发泡材料,它包含A、B两种组分,按质量计,A组分中的组分份数为:有机类多元醇45-105份,稳定剂:2-4份,催化剂:0.5-3份,交联剂:0.5-1.5份,发泡剂:25-40份,多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷:5-20份,硼类阻燃剂:2-10份;B组分中的组分份数为:多异氰酸酯:90-180份。
其中多异氰酸酯与组分A中有机类多元醇的摩尔比为1.0—2.0:1。
上述的聚倍半硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯硬质发泡材料,所述的有机类多元醇为聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的混合物,聚醚多元醇与聚酯多元醇的质量比为5—8:1,其中聚醚多元醇优选为聚四氢呋喃多元醇或聚氧化丙烯多元醇的一种或几种,羟值为420-480mgKOH/g,粘度为2000-3500mPa.s(25℃),聚酯多元醇为脂肪族聚酯多元醇或芳香族聚酯多元醇的一种或几种,羟值为400-440mgKOH/g,粘度为4000-6000mPa.s(25℃)。
上述的聚倍半硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯硬质发泡材料,所述的A组分中催化剂为三乙烯二胺、N,N-二甲基环己胺、N,N-二甲基苄胺、1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪、乙二胺或五甲基二乙烯三胺的一种或几种;所述A组分中稳定剂为聚硅氧烷、聚醚硅氧烷或聚醚改性硅氧烷的一种或几种,优选为有机硅稳泡剂AK-8805、AK-8811、AK-8803或AK-8832的一种或几种的组合;所述A组分中发泡剂为一氟二氯乙烷、环戊烷或水的一种或几种;所述A组分中交联剂为三羟甲基丙烷、三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺或甘油的一种或几种的组合。
上述的聚倍半硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯硬质发泡材料,所述的A组分中的硼类阻燃剂为硼酸锌、硼酸钙、硼酸镁、硼酸、偏硼酸铵、偏硼酸钡、偏硼酸钠、氟硼酸铵或五硼酸铵的一种或几种的组合。
上述的聚倍半硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯硬质发泡材料,所述的B组分中多异氰酸酯为芳香族异氰酸酯或脂肪族异氰酸酯中的一种或多种,优选为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯。
一种制备上述的聚倍半硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯硬质发泡材料的方法,它是将A组分中有机类多元醇和多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷混合高速搅拌均匀,按上述的配方,加入其他助剂搅拌均匀后,与B组分通过高压发泡机设备进行充分混合,由发泡机枪头注入恒温密封模具中,经发泡、熟化、脱模等一系列过程得到聚倍半硅氧烷改性聚氨酯硬质发泡材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)首次新合成出一种含有多羟基苯基基团的POSS,其以聚倍半硅氧烷为核,连接多个活性羟基基团,合成反应条件温和,易操作,产品收率和纯度高,在材料发泡过程中,羟基基团和异氰酸酯基以化学键连的方式结合,用分子设计的方式将POSS链接在聚氨酯的大分子链上,增强其与材料基体的相容性,从而提升聚氨酯材料的耐热性能;
(2)选择特定的具有协效阻燃效应的复配阻燃剂—硼系阻燃剂,形成Si-B协同阻燃效应,由于不含卤素、磷等有害元素,避免在燃烧过程中产生有毒气体和大量烟雾,而且添加量少,抑烟效果明显。
制备出的改性聚氨酯材料耐热性能和力学性能得到明显提高,阻燃效果持久稳定,具有燃烧时材料不滴落,成炭性好,极限氧指数高,烟密度小等优点。
具体实施方式
以下提供本发明的一些具体实施例,以助于进一步理解本发明,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于这些实施例,它们对本发明不构成限定。
实施例中所用原料的来源:
聚醚多元醇(羟值:420-480mgKOH/g,粘度:2000-3500mPa.s)和聚酯多元醇(羟值:400-440mgKOH/g,粘度:4000-6000mPa.s)由山东联创提供;
三乙烯二胺、N,N-二甲基苄胺、五甲基二乙烯三胺由巴斯夫公司提供;
N,N-二甲基环己胺、1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪由广州金华大试剂有限公司提供;
有机硅稳泡剂AK-8805、AK-8811、AK-8803、AK-8832由烟台亿达聚氨酯有限公司提供;
三羟甲基丙烷、一氟二氯乙烷由山东济宁华凯树脂有限公司提供;
多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)由郑州科豫隆化工产品有限公司提供;
硼酸锌、硼酸钙、硼酸镁、偏硼酸铵、偏硼酸钡、偏硼酸钠由济南泰星精细化工公司提供;
4-氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷由杭州杰西卡化工有限公司提供;
环戊烷、三乙醇胺、环氧丙醇和甲醇由国药集团化学试剂有限公司提供;
1、合成多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷
分别称取环氧丙醇和4-氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护下,冰水浴,向环氧丙醇中滴加4-氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷,结束后混合物在一定温度下反应数小时,得到的产品溶解在甲醇溶液中,搅拌条件下,滴加一定质量浓度的氟化氢溶液,反应结束后减压蒸馏移除水分和溶剂,真空干燥得到多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷POSS纳米粒子。含有活性基团的POSS结构如下:
其中
制备聚倍半硅氧烷改性聚氨酯硬质发泡材料,将A组分中有机多元醇和多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷混合高速搅拌均匀,加入其他助剂搅拌均匀后,与B组分通过高压发泡机设备进行充分混合,由发泡机枪头注入恒温密封模具中,经发泡、熟化、脱模等一系列过程得到聚倍半硅氧烷改性聚氨酯硬质发泡材料。
实施例1制备聚倍半硅氧烷改性聚氨酯硬质发泡材料
合成多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷:
(1)分别称取环氧丙醇和4-氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护下,冰水浴,向环氧丙醇中滴加4-氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷,结束后混合物在20℃下反应5h,环氧丙醇和4-氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷的摩尔比为0.5:1;
(2)将(1)中产品溶解在甲醇溶液中,搅拌条件下,滴加质量浓度为1.5%的氟化氢水溶液,20℃下搅拌4h,反应结束后减压蒸馏移除水分、甲醇、乙醇,30℃、-0.080MPa下真空干燥1h得到多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷POSS纳米粒子,其中4-氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷和甲醇的质量比为1:3,4-氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷和氟化氢溶液质量比为1:0.05。
制得的多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷红外光谱特征峰为FT-IR(cm-1,KBr):1100(Si-O-Si),3200(-OH),1300(C-N),2850(-CH2-),1890(-C6H5)。
聚倍半硅氧烷改性聚氨酯硬质发泡材料的配方如下:
聚四氢呋喃多元醇(羟值:420mgKOH/g,粘度:3000mPa.s):39份
聚酯多元醇P-455N(羟值:400mgKOH/g,粘度:4000mPa.s):6份
多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯:90份
三乙烯二胺:0.2份
五甲基二乙烯三胺:0.3份
AK-8805:2份
一氟二氯乙烷:25份
三羟甲基丙烷:0.4份
甘油:0.1份
硼酸锌:1份
硼酸:1份
多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷:5份
实施例2制备聚倍半硅氧烷改性聚氨酯硬质发泡材料
合成多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷:
(1)分别称取环氧丙醇和4-苯胺基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护下,冰水浴,向环氧丙醇中滴加4-苯胺基三乙氧基硅烷,结束后混合物在25℃下反应10h,环氧丙醇和4-苯胺基三乙氧基硅烷的摩尔比为2:1;
(2)将(1)中产品溶解在甲醇溶液中,搅拌条件下,滴加质量浓度为3.5%的氟化氢溶液,25℃下搅拌10h,反应结束后减压蒸馏移除水分、甲醇、乙醇,40℃、-0.080MPa下真空干燥5h得到多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷POSS纳米粒子,其中4-苯胺基三乙氧基硅烷和甲醇的质量比为1:10,4-苯胺基三乙氧基硅烷和氟化氢溶液质量比为1:0.15。
制得的多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷红外光谱特征峰为:FT-IR(cm-1,KBr):1120(Si-O-Si),3300(-OH),1300(C-N),2850(-CH2-),1900(-C6H5)。
聚倍半硅氧烷改性聚氨酯硬质发泡材料的配方如下:
聚氧化丙烯多元醇(羟值:480mgKOH/g,粘度:3200mPa.s):90份
聚酯多元醇(羟值:440mgKOH/g,粘度:6000mPa.s):15份
多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯:180份
N,N-二甲基环己胺:1.2份
1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪三乙烯二胺:1.8份
AK-8811:0.5份
AK-8832:3.5份
环戊烷:40份
三乙醇胺:1份
二乙醇胺:0.5份
硼酸锌:5份
偏硼酸钠:2.5份
氟硼酸铵:2.5份
多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷:20份
实施例3制备聚倍半硅氧烷改性聚氨酯硬质发泡材料
合成多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷:
(1)分别称取环氧丙醇和4-苯胺基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护下,冰水浴,向环氧丙醇中滴加4-苯胺基三乙氧基硅烷,结束后混合物在23℃下反应8h,环氧丙醇和4-苯胺基三乙氧基硅烷的摩尔比为1:1;
(2)将(1)中产品溶解在甲醇溶液中,搅拌条件下,滴加质量浓度为2.0%的氟化氢水溶液,24℃下搅拌5h,反应结束后减压蒸馏移除水分、甲醇、乙醇,38℃、-0.080MPa下真空干燥3h得到多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷POSS纳米粒子,其中4-苯胺基三乙氧基硅烷和甲醇的质量比为1:5,4-苯胺基三乙氧基硅烷和氟化氢溶液质量比为1:0.1。
制得的多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷红外光谱特征峰为:FT-IR(cm-1,KBr):1110(Si-O-Si),3250(-OH),1340(C-N),2820(-CH2-),1910(-C6H5)。
聚倍半硅氧烷改性聚氨酯硬质发泡材料的配方如下:
聚醚多元醇(羟值:450mgKOH/g,粘度:3000mPa.s):70份
聚酯多元醇(羟值:420mgKOH/g,粘度:5000mPa.s):10份
多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯:150份
N,N-二甲基苄胺:1份
乙二胺:1份
AK-8803:2.5份
一氟二氯乙烷:30份
甘油:1份
硼酸钙:2份
硼酸镁:2份
多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷:10份
实施例4制备聚倍半硅氧烷改性聚氨酯硬质发泡材料
合成多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷:
(1)分别称取环氧丙醇和4-苯胺基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护下,冰水浴,向环氧丙醇中滴加4-苯胺基三乙氧基硅烷,结束后混合物在20℃下反应10h,环氧丙醇和4-苯胺基三乙氧基硅烷的摩尔比为2:1;
(2)将(1)中产品溶解在甲醇溶液中,搅拌条件下,滴加质量浓度为3.5%的氟化氢水溶液,20℃下搅拌4h,反应结束后减压蒸馏移除水分、甲醇、乙醇,30℃、-0.080MPa下真空干燥5h得到多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷POSS纳米粒子,其中4-苯胺基三乙氧基硅烷和甲醇的质量比为1:3,4-苯胺基三乙氧基硅烷和氟化氢溶液质量比为1:0.15。
制得的多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷红外光谱特征峰为:FT-IR(cm-1,KBr):1100(Si-O-Si),3100(-OH),1320(C-N),2800(-CH2-),1850(-C6H5)。
聚倍半硅氧烷改性聚氨酯硬质发泡材料的配方如下:
聚醚多元醇(羟值:480mgKOH/g,粘度:2000mPa.s):80份
聚酯多元醇(羟值:420mgKOH/g,粘度:6000mPa.s):5份
多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯:180份
1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪:0.5份
AK-8805:1.5份
一氟二氯乙烷:35份
三乙醇胺:1.5份
硼酸锌:10份
多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷:20份
上述实施例中聚倍半硅氧烷改性聚氨酯硬质发泡材料的性能测试结果:
项目 | 测试标准 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 |
密度/kg·m-3 | GB/T 6343-2009 | 55.4 | 52.8 | 49.5 | 54.2 |
导热系数/W·(m·k)-1 | GB/T 10294-2008 | 0.028 | 0.030 | 0.026 | 0.031 |
压缩强度/MPa | GB/T 8813-2008 | 0.55 | 0.62 | 0.60 | 0.59 |
极限氧指数/% | GB/T 2406.2-2009 | 29 | 26 | 28 | 26 |
Claims (10)
1.一种多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷,其特征是:它有如下结构:
其中
2.一种权利要求1所述的多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷的制备方法,其特征是它包括如下步骤:
步骤1、分别称取环氧丙醇和4-氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护下,冰水浴,向环氧丙醇中滴加4-氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷,结束后混合物在20-25℃下反应5-10h,环氧丙醇和4-氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷的摩尔比为0.5-2:1;
步骤2、将步骤1中产品溶解在甲醇溶液中,搅拌条件下,滴加质量浓度为1.5%-3.5%的氟化氢水溶液,20-25℃下搅拌4-10h,反应结束后减压蒸馏移除水分、甲醇和乙醇,30-40℃、-0.080MPa下真空干燥1-5h得到多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷POSS纳米粒子,其中4-氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷和甲醇的质量比为1:3-10,4-苯胺基三乙氧基硅烷和氟化氢溶液质量比为1:0.05-0.15。
3.权利要求1所述的多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷在制备聚倍半硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯硬质发泡材料中的应用。
4.一种采用权利要求1所述聚倍半硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯硬质发泡材料,其特征是:它包含A、B两种组分,按质量计,A组分中的组分份数为:有机类多元醇45-105份,稳定剂:2-4份,催化剂:0.5-3份,交联剂:0.5-1.5份,发泡剂:25-40份,多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷:5-20份,硼类阻燃剂:2-10份;B组分中的组分份数为:多异氰酸酯:90-180份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的聚倍半硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯硬质发泡材料,其特征是:所述的有机类多元醇为聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇的混合物,聚醚多元醇与聚酯多元醇的质量比为5—8:1,其中聚醚多元醇为聚四氢呋喃多元醇或聚氧化丙烯多元醇的一种或几种,羟值为420-480mgKOH/g,粘度为2000-3500mPa.s(25℃),聚酯多元醇为脂肪族聚酯多元醇或芳香族聚酯多元醇的一种或几种,羟值为400-440mgKOH/g,粘度为4000-6000mPa.s(25℃)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的聚倍半硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯硬质发泡材料,其特征是:所述的A组分中催化剂为三乙烯二胺、N,N-二甲基环己胺、N,N-二甲基苄胺、1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪、乙二胺或五甲基二乙烯三胺的一种或几种;所述A组分中稳定剂为有机硅稳泡剂AK-8805、AK-8811、AK-8803或AK-8832的一种或几种的组合;所述A组分中发泡剂为一氟二氯乙烷、环戊烷或水的一种或几种;所述A组分中交联剂为三羟甲基丙烷、三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺或甘油的一种或几种的组合。
7.根据权利要求4所述的聚倍半硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯硬质发泡材料,其特征是:所述的A组分中的硼类阻燃剂为硼酸锌、硼酸钙、硼酸镁、硼酸、偏硼酸铵、偏硼酸钡、偏硼酸钠、氟硼酸铵或五硼酸铵的一种或几种的组合。
8.根据权利要求4所述的聚倍半硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯硬质发泡材料,其特征是:所述的B组分中多异氰酸酯为芳香族异氰酸酯或脂肪族异氰酸酯中的一种或多种,优选为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯。
9.根据权利要求4所述的聚倍半硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯硬质发泡材料,其特征是:所述的B组分中多异氰酸酯为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯。
10.一种制备权利要求4所述的聚倍半硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯硬质发泡材料的方法,其特征是:它是将A组分中有机类多元醇和多羟烷基苯基聚倍半硅氧烷混合高速搅拌均匀,按权利要求4所述的配方,加入其他助剂搅拌均匀后,与B组分通过高压发泡机设备进行充分混合,由发泡机枪头注入恒温密封模具中,经发泡、熟化、脱模等一系列过程得到聚倍半硅氧烷改性聚氨酯硬质发泡材料。
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