CN106832287A - 一类多官能活性poss及其制法和用途 - Google Patents
一类多官能活性poss及其制法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106832287A CN106832287A CN201710072249.7A CN201710072249A CN106832287A CN 106832287 A CN106832287 A CN 106832287A CN 201710072249 A CN201710072249 A CN 201710072249A CN 106832287 A CN106832287 A CN 106832287A
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- Prior art keywords
- poss
- multifunctional active
- active
- multifunctional
- active poss
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- C08G77/045—Polysiloxanes containing less than 25 silicon atoms
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/61—Polysiloxanes
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Abstract
本发明涉及一类多官能活性POSS及其在硬质聚氨酯发泡材料中的应用。该类多官能活性POSS具有以下结构之一:其中R为以下结构式的一种
Description
技术领域
本发明属于多官能活性POSS改性材料领域,具体涉及一种多官能活性POSS以及POSS在制备增韧、增强聚氨酯发泡材料的应用。
背景技术
聚倍半硅氧烷是由硅原子和氧原子交替组成稳定骨架的化合物,其基本结构单元是-Si-O-。多面体笼型倍半硅氧烷(POSS)是一类具有特殊分子结构的有机硅化合物,直径在3-10nm之间,分子通式为(RSiO1.5)n,介于二氧化硅SiO2和聚硅氧烷(R2SiO)n之间,其分子以无机硅氧骨架为核心,外围被有机基团所包围,POSS单体中八个Si顶点处可以连接有机取代基团。无机的硅氧骨架赋予材料良好的耐热和机械性能,还能起到增强增韧的效果,外围的有机基团则能改善POSS与聚合物基体的相容性。POSS这种独特的结构带来的良好性能使其成为一种制备聚合物复合材料的优良添加剂。当以物理共混的形式改性材料时,由于POSS的纳米效应,极易团聚,产生宏观上的相分离,从体系中析出,而通过化学键连接可使POSS以分子水平均匀地分散在聚合物基体中,且体系结构稳定。中国发明专利CN102372734A公开了一种新型含POSS的纳米杂化增强剂的合成,以笼型八聚—氨丙基硅倍半氧烷和3-(N,N-二乙氨基)环氧丙烷为原料,合成新型含POSS的纳米杂化增强物,是一种具有星型结构的化合物,外观为黄色粘稠液体。将该杂化物添加到环氧树脂E-51中使其改性,所得环氧树脂固化物抗冲击强度、抗拉伸强度都得到增强。中国发明专利CN104744650A公开了一种POSS基杂化共聚物的制备方法,通过在单官能度乙烯基(其他七个侧基为异丁基)POSS上修饰上甲基丙烯酸酯,得到一种含有POSS的单体,在AIBN的引发下进行RAFT聚合,得到含有POSS的均聚物。再将上述产物作为大分子链转移剂进一步与单体DMAEMA进行RAFT聚合,制备了两亲性的有机/无机杂化聚合物。目前,合成一种多官能活性POSS,尤其是接枝多羟基类物质的POSS,应用于聚氨酯硬泡材料还未见报道。聚氨酯硬泡具有广泛的用途,但是存在遇火易燃烧、韧性较差等缺点。用含多羟基POSS结构的无机/有机杂化物对聚氨酯进行增韧改性,使得POSS单体上的多羟基和异氰酸酯基反应,将POSS链接在聚氨酯分子链上,限制了高分子材料链的运动,从而提高材料的力学性能。POSS与聚氨酯材料之间的相互作用,也明显改善了聚氨酯材料的内应力、增强其韧性和耐高温性能。
发明内容
为克服现有技术中POSS的合成路线复杂繁琐、复合聚氨酯材料力学性能等问题,本发明提供一种多官能活性POSS的合成及其复合聚氨酯材料。合成的多官能活性POSS结构为多面体笼型结构,分子通式为(RSiO1.5)n,且n≥6,每个Si原子上至少连接有两个活性羟基基团,多个活性羟基基团能和异氰酸酯基以多个化学键连的方式结合,从而在分子结构上大幅度增强无机-有机分子的结合度,而且制备多官能活性POSS的方法简单方便,条件温和。最后将多官能活性POSS用于聚氨酯材料的增韧改性,在POSS与聚氨酯分子链的交联作用下,其不仅与聚氨酯材料有很好的相容性,而且在一定程度上增强了聚氨酯材料的韧性和抗冲击性能。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一类多官能活性POSS,它具有以下结构之一:
其中R为以下结构式的一种
该类多官能活性POSS粒径在2-8nm之间,与聚合物材料有很好的相容性。
一种上述的多官能活性POSS的制法,它是利用已商品化的带有不同活性氨基结构的硅氧烷与环氧烷基醇类化合物开环加成得到含有多羟基的硅氧烷单体,再在一定的酸性条件下水解得到顶端带有多个活性羟基的POSS,其具体步骤为:(1)硅醇单体的合成:氮气保护,冰水浴条件下,将带有活性氨基结构的三官能团烷氧基有机硅逐滴加入环氧丙醇溶液中,滴加结束后在室温条件下进行开环加成,反应时间为8-15h,得到多羟基结构的三官能团烷氧基有机硅单体;其中环氧丙醇和带有活性氨基结构的三官能团烷氧基有机硅的摩尔比为0.5-3:1;带有活性氨基结构的三官能团烷氧基有机硅为(3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷(CAS:13822-56-5)、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(CAS:919-30-2)、4-氨基丁基三乙氧基硅烷(CAS:3069-30-5)、N-氨乙基-3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(CAS:5089-72-5)、氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷(CAS:7003-80-7)、N-(正丁基)-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(CAS:31024-56-3)、4-氨基-3,3-二甲基丁基三甲氧基硅烷(CAS:157923-74-5)、苯胺甲基三乙氧基硅烷(CAS:3473-76-5)中的一种;
(2)聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)的合成:室温条件下,上述的硅醇单体在PH为1.5-3.0酸性环境中进行水解缩聚,以甲醇为反应介质,缩聚时间为8-24h,结束后移除水分、甲醇等溶剂,真空干燥得到带有多羟基的活性POSS,其中硅醇单体和甲醇的质量比为1:3-10,酸性环境用滴加无机酸溶液的方式达到,无机酸为质量浓度为1.0%-3.5%的氟化氢水溶液或质量浓度为5%-10%的稀盐酸溶液的一种。
多官能活性POSS的合成路线如下:
R=Me/Et(甲基/乙基);R1、R2=短链烷基/芳基
POSS=(SiO1.5)nn=6,8,10,12.
制备出的多官能活性POSS的具体结构如下:
其中R为以下有机官能团的一种
上述的多官能活性POSS在制备聚氨酯发泡材料中的应用。
一种采用上述的多官能活性POSS增韧、增强聚氨酯发泡材料,其制备过程如下:将聚醚多元醇和多官能活性POSS混合搅拌均匀,再加入催化剂、匀泡剂、发泡剂、交联剂后高速混合均匀后,与多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯组分通过高压发泡机设备进行充分混合,由发泡机枪头注入恒温密封模具中,经发泡、熟化、脱模等过程得到增韧聚氨酯材料,其中,按质量百分比计,该多官能活性POSS增韧、增强聚氨酯发泡材料的原料组份配比为:聚醚多元醇20-30%,多官能活性POSS 8-12%,催化剂0.5-2%,发泡剂5-10%,匀泡剂1-2%,交联剂1-2%,多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯35-50%。
进一步地,所述的聚醚多元醇为聚醚多元醇4110,羟值为420-480mgKOH/g,粘度为2000-4500mPa.s(25℃)。所述的催化剂为N,N-二甲基环己胺、N,N-二甲基苄胺、乙二胺、环己胺、1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪、五甲基二乙烯三胺的一种或几种的组合。所述的发泡剂为一氟二氯乙烷HCFC-141B。所述匀泡剂为聚醚改性硅油、有机硅稳泡剂AK-8805、有机硅稳泡剂AK-8811、有机硅稳泡剂AK-8803、有机硅稳泡剂AK-8832的一种或几种的组合。所述的交联剂为三羟甲基丙烷、三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、甘油的一种或几种的组合。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
1、首次合成出含有多个活性羟基基团的POSS,其以聚倍半硅氧烷POSS为核,POSS结构为多面体笼型结构,每个Si原子上至少连接有两个活性羟基基团,合成反应条件温和,易操作;
2、在材料发泡过程中,羟基基团和异氰酸酯基以化学键合的方式结合,用分子设计的方式将POSS链接在聚氨酯的大分子链上,在POSS与聚氨酯分子链的交联作用下,既增强其与材料基体的相容性,又在一定程度上增强了聚氨酯材料的韧性和抗冲击性能。多官能活性的POSS以其独特的结构设计和多样化的产品使其在聚氨酯材料中具有潜在的应用前景。
具体实施方式
以下采用实施例具体说明本发明的一种多官能活性POSS及增韧、增强聚氨酯发泡材料的制备方法,以助于进一步理解本发明,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于这些实施例,它们对本发明不构成限定。
实施例中所用原料的来源:
(3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷(CAS:13822-56-5)、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(CAS:919-30-2)、4-氨基丁基三乙氧基硅烷(CAS:3069-30-5)、N-氨乙基-3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(CAS:5089-72-5)、氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷(CAS:7003-80-7)、N-(正丁基)-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(CAS:31024-56-3)、4-氨基-3,3-二甲基丁基三甲氧基硅烷(CAS:157923-74-5)、苯胺甲基三乙氧基硅烷(CAS:3473-76-5)均由杭州杰西卡化工有限公司提供;
环氧丙醇、甲醇、乙二胺、环己胺由国药集团化学试剂有限公司提供。聚醚多元醇(羟值:420-480mgKOH/g,粘度:2000-4500mPa.s)由山东联创提供;N,N-二甲基苄胺、五甲基二乙烯三胺由巴斯夫公司提供;N,N-二甲基环己胺、1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪由广州金华大试剂有限公司提供;聚醚改性硅油、有机硅稳泡剂AK-8805、有机硅稳泡剂AK-8811、有机硅稳泡剂AK-8803、有机硅稳泡剂AK-8832由烟台亿达聚氨酯有限公司提供;三羟甲基丙烷、三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、甘油、一氟二氯乙烷由山东济宁华凯树脂有限公司提供;多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)由郑州科豫隆化工产品有限公司提供。多官能活性POSS,其制备方法包括,利用带有不同活性氨基结构的硅氧烷与环氧烷基醇类化合物开环加成得到含有多羟基的硅氧烷单体,再在一定的酸性条件下水解得到顶端带有多个活性羟基的POSS。
POSS增韧、增强聚氨酯发泡材料制备过程包括,将聚醚多元醇和多官能活性POSS混合搅拌均匀,再加入催化剂、匀泡剂、发泡剂、交联剂后高速混合均匀后,与多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯组分通过高压发泡机设备进行充分混合,由发泡机枪头注入恒温密封模具中,经发泡、熟化、脱模等过程得到增韧聚氨酯材料。
实施例1
氮气保护,冰水浴条件下,将(3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷30g(0.168mol)逐滴加入环氧丙醇溶液(24.9g,0.336mol)中,滴加结束后在室温条件下进行开环加成,反应时间为8h,得到多羟基结构的三官能团烷氧基有机硅单体;硅醇单体中加入120g甲醇溶液,搅拌条件下逐滴加入质量浓度1.0%的氟化氢水溶液,调整溶液PH为1.5,室温下进行水解缩聚,缩聚时间为8h,结束后移除水分、甲醇等溶剂,真空干燥得到带有多羟基的活性POSS。其红外特征峰为:FT-IR(cm-1,KBr):1100(Si-O-Si),3100(-OH),1300(C-N),2850(-CH2-)。
制备POSS增韧、增强聚氨酯发泡材料的原料配方如下(质量比):
聚醚多元醇4110:20%
多官能活性POSS:8%
N,N-二甲基环己胺:0.25%
1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪:0.25%
一氟二氯乙烷HCFC-141B:5%
AK-8805:1%
三乙醇胺:1%
多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯:35%
实施例2
氮气保护,冰水浴条件下,将N-(正丁基)-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷70.5g(0.3mol)逐滴加入环氧丙醇溶液(7.5g,0.1mol)中,滴加结束后在室温条件下进行开环加成,反应时间为15h,得到多羟基结构的三官能团烷氧基有机硅单体;硅醇单体中加入220g甲醇溶液,搅拌条件下逐滴加入质量浓度3.5%的氟化氢水溶液,调整溶液PH为3,室温下进行水解缩聚,缩聚时间为24h,结束后移除水分、甲醇等溶剂,真空干燥得到带有多羟基的活性POSS。其红外特征峰为:FT-IR(cm-1,KBr):1120(Si-O-Si),3200(-OH),1290(C-N),2850(-CH2-)。
制备POSS增韧、增强聚氨酯发泡材料的原料配方如下(质量比):
聚醚多元醇4110:30%
多官能活性POSS:12%
N,N-二甲基苄胺:1%
乙二胺:0.5%
环己胺:0.5%
一氟二氯乙烷HCFC-141B:10%
AK-8811:2%
二乙醇胺:1%
甘油:1%
多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯:50%
实施例3
氮气保护,冰水浴条件下,将4-氨基-3,3-二甲基丁基三甲氧基硅烷44.2g(0.2mol)逐滴加入环氧丙醇溶液(7.5g,0.1mol)中,滴加结束后在室温条件下进行开环加成,反应时间为12h,得到多羟基结构的三官能团烷氧基有机硅单体;硅醇单体中加入180g甲醇溶液,搅拌条件下逐滴加入质量浓度2.0%的氟化氢水溶液,调整溶液PH为2,室温下进行水解缩聚,缩聚时间为20h,结束后移除水分、甲醇等溶剂,真空干燥得到带有多羟基的活性POSS。其红外特征峰为:FT-IR(cm-1,KBr):1100(Si-O-Si),3200(-OH),1320(C-N),2920(-CH2-)。
制备POSS增韧、增强聚氨酯发泡材料的原料配方如下(质量比):
聚醚多元醇4110:28%
多官能活性POSS:10%
五甲基二乙烯三胺:0.5%
1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪:0.5%
一氟二氯乙烷HCFC-141B:8%
AK-8805:1.0%
AK-8832:0.5%
三羟甲基丙烷:1%
三乙醇胺:1%
多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯:42%
实施例4
氮气保护,冰水浴条件下,将4-氨基丁基三乙氧基硅烷42g(0.154mol)逐滴加入环氧丙醇溶液(24.9g,0.336mol)中,滴加结束后在室温条件下进行开环加成,反应时间为12h,得到多羟基结构的三官能团烷氧基有机硅单体;硅醇单体中加入136g甲醇溶液,搅拌条件下逐滴加入质量浓度5%的盐酸水溶液,调整溶液PH为2.0,室温下进行水解缩聚,缩聚时间为16h,结束后移除水分、甲醇等溶剂,真空干燥得到带有多羟基的活性POSS。其红外特征峰为:FT-IR(cm-1,KBr):1180(Si-O-Si),3300(-OH),1350(C-N),2800(-CH2-)。
制备POSS增韧、增强聚氨酯发泡材料的原料配方如下(质量比):
聚醚多元醇4110:20%
多官能活性POSS:9%
N,N-二甲基苄胺:1%
1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪:1%
一氟二氯乙烷HCFC-141B:10%
AK-8805:1%
甘油:1%
多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯:35%
实施例5
氮气保护,冰水浴条件下,将3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷60g(0.35mol)逐滴加入环氧丙醇溶液(100g,1.35mol)中,滴加结束后在室温条件下进行开环加成,反应时间为15h,得到多羟基结构的三官能团烷氧基有机硅单体;硅醇单体中加入165g甲醇溶液,搅拌条件下逐滴加入质量浓度3.0%的氟化氢水溶液,调整溶液PH为3.0,室温下进行水解缩聚,缩聚时间为14h,结束后移除水分、甲醇等溶剂,真空干燥得到带有多羟基的活性POSS。其红外特征峰为:FT-IR(cm-1,KBr):1180(Si-O-Si),3350(-OH),1360(C-N),2800(-CH2-)。
制备POSS增韧、增强聚氨酯发泡材料的原料配方如下(质量比):
聚醚多元醇4110:30%
多官能活性POSS:8%
环己胺:2%
一氟二氯乙烷HCFC-141B:5%
AK-8811:1%
二乙醇胺:1.5%
多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯:46.5%
实施例6
氮气保护,冰水浴条件下,将N-氨乙基-3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷52g(0.29mol)逐滴加入环氧丙醇溶液(50g,0.67mol)中,滴加结束后在室温条件下进行开环加成,反应时间为22h,得到多羟基结构的三官能团烷氧基有机硅单体;硅醇单体中加入220g甲醇溶液,搅拌条件下逐滴加入质量浓度10%的盐酸水溶液,调整溶液PH为2.5,室温下进行水解缩聚,缩聚时间为19h,结束后移除水分、甲醇等溶剂,真空干燥得到带有多羟基的活性POSS。其红外特征峰为:FT-IR(cm-1,KBr):1100(Si-O-Si),3250(-OH),1340(C-N),2840(-CH2-)。
制备POSS增韧、增强聚氨酯发泡材料的原料配方如下(质量比):
聚醚多元醇4110:22%
多官能活性POSS:11%
五甲基二乙烯三胺:0.25%
1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪:0.35%
一氟二氯乙烷HCFC-141B:7%
聚醚改性硅油:1.5%
三乙醇胺:1%
二乙醇胺:1%
多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯:38%
实施例7
氮气保护,冰水浴条件下,将氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷36g(0.18mol)逐滴加入环氧丙醇溶液(75g,0.98mol)中,滴加结束后在室温条件下进行开环加成,反应时间为11h,得到多羟基结构的三官能团烷氧基有机硅单体;硅醇单体中加入300g甲醇溶液,搅拌条件下逐滴加入质量浓度1.8%的氟化氢水溶液,调整溶液PH为3.0,室温下进行水解缩聚,缩聚时间为24h,结束后移除水分、甲醇等溶剂,真空干燥得到带有多羟基的活性POSS。其红外特征峰为:FT-IR(cm-1,KBr):1120(Si-O-Si),3300(-OH),1300(C-N),2850(-CH2-),1900(-C6H5)。
制备POSS增韧、增强聚氨酯发泡材料的原料配方如下(质量比):
聚醚多元醇4110:26%
多官能活性POSS:12%
1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪:0.5%
一氟二氯乙烷HCFC-141B:10%
AK-8803:2%
三乙醇胺:1%
多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯:48%
实施例8
氮气保护,冰水浴条件下,将苯胺甲基三乙氧基硅烷60g(0.42mol)逐滴加入环氧丙醇溶液(24.9g,0.336mol)中,滴加结束后在室温条件下进行开环加成,反应时间为9h,得到多羟基结构的三官能团烷氧基有机硅单体;硅醇单体中加入220g甲醇溶液,搅拌条件下逐滴加入质量浓度1.5%的氟化氢水溶液,调整溶液PH为3.0,室温下进行水解缩聚,缩聚时间为20h,结束后移除水分、甲醇等溶剂,真空干燥得到带有多羟基的活性POSS。其红外特征峰为:FT-IR(cm-1,KBr):1110(Si-O-Si),3200(-OH),1340(C-N),2780(-CH2-),1850(-C6H5)。
制备POSS增韧、增强聚氨酯发泡材料的原料配方如下(质量比):
聚醚多元醇4110:30%
多官能活性POSS:11.5%
五甲基二乙烯三胺:0.25%
1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪:0.25%
一氟二氯乙烷HCFC-141B:6%
AK-8805:1.5%
AK-8832:0.5%
三乙醇胺:1%
甘油:0.5%
多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯:36%
由上述实施例中多官能活性POSS制备增韧、增强聚氨酯发泡材料的性能测试结果:
Claims (4)
1.一类多官能活性POSS,其特征是:所述多官能活性POSS具有以下结构之一:
其中R为以下结构式的一种
该类多官能活性POSS粒径在2-8nm之间,与聚合物材料有很好的相容性。
2.一种权利要求1所述的多官能活性POSS的制法,其特征是:它是利用已商品化的带有不同活性氨基结构的硅氧烷与环氧烷基醇类化合物开环加成得到含有多羟基的硅氧烷单体,再在一定的酸性条件下水解得到顶端带有多个活性羟基的POSS,其具体步骤为:
步骤1、硅醇单体的合成:氮气保护,冰水浴条件下,将带有活性氨基结构的三官能团烷氧基有机硅逐滴加入环氧丙醇溶液中,滴加结束后在室温条件下进行开环加成,反应时间为8-15h,得到多羟基结构的三官能团烷氧基有机硅单体;其中环氧丙醇和带有活性氨基结构的三官能团烷氧基有机硅的摩尔比为0.5-3:1;带有活性氨基结构的三官能团烷氧基有机硅为(3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、4-氨基丁基三乙氧基硅烷、N-氨乙基-3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、氨基苯基三乙氧基硅烷、N-(正丁基)-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、4-氨基-3,3-二甲基丁基三甲氧基硅烷、苯胺甲基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种;
步骤2、聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)的合成:室温条件下,上述的硅醇单体在PH为1.5-3.0酸性环境中进行水解缩聚,以甲醇为反应介质,缩聚时间为8-24h,结束后移除水分、甲醇等溶剂,真空干燥得到带有多羟基的活性POSS,其中硅醇单体和甲醇的质量比为1:3-10,酸性环境用滴加无机酸溶液的方式达到,无机酸为质量浓度为1.0%-3.5%的氟化氢水溶液或质量浓度为5%-10%的稀盐酸溶液的一种。
3.权利要求1所述的多官能活性POSS在制备聚氨酯发泡材料中的应用。
4.一种采用权利要求1所述的多官能活性POSS增韧、增强聚氨酯发泡材料,其特征是制备过程如下:将聚醚多元醇和多官能活性POSS混合搅拌均匀,再加入催化剂、匀泡剂、发泡剂、交联剂后高速混合均匀后,与多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯组分通过高压发泡机设备进行充分混合,由发泡机枪头注入恒温密封模具中,经发泡、熟化、脱模等过程得到增韧聚氨酯材料,其中,按质量百分比计,该多官能活性POSS增韧、增强聚氨酯发泡材料的原料组份配比为:聚醚多元醇20-30%,多官能活性POSS 8-12%,催化剂0.5-2%,发泡剂5-10%,匀泡剂1-2%,交联剂1-2%,多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯35-50%。
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