CN106731482A - 一种工业高炉煤气氯化氢气体回收方法与装置 - Google Patents

一种工业高炉煤气氯化氢气体回收方法与装置 Download PDF

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CN106731482A
CN106731482A CN201710062426.3A CN201710062426A CN106731482A CN 106731482 A CN106731482 A CN 106731482A CN 201710062426 A CN201710062426 A CN 201710062426A CN 106731482 A CN106731482 A CN 106731482A
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stage
furnace gas
hydrogen chloride
gas
absorber
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王依谋
马良
刘安林
贾虹
何梦雅
沈其松
付鹏波
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Shanghai Zhejiang Chemical Technology Co Ltd
East China University of Science and Technology
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Shanghai Zhejiang Chemical Technology Co Ltd
East China University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了工业高炉煤气氯化氢气体回收方法与装置，提供了一种工业高炉煤气氯化氢气体回收方法，该方法流程为：夹带氯化氢的工业高炉煤气经过一级换热器后和吸收剂同时进入单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器；单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器中吸收了氯化氢气体的吸附液至二级换热器，经二级换热器换热后用溶液循环泵抽送至液体储罐；脱除氯化氢后的高炉煤气由单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器顶部流出，经干燥器脱水后进入后续设备。本发明还提供了工业高炉煤气氯化氢气体回收的相关装置。

Description

一种工业高炉煤气氯化氢气体回收方法与装置
本发明申请要求名称为“一种高效硫化氢气体吸收装置”，申请日是2016年6月30日，申请号是201610494578.6的发明，作为本发明中旋流喷射吸附器结构的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及高炉煤气净化技术领域，适用于高炉煤气氯化氢气体回收过程。具体地说，本发明提供了工业高炉煤气氯化氢气体回收方法与装置。
背景技术
氯化氢是无色而有刺激性气味的气体，熔点-114.2度，沸点-85度，空气中不燃烧，热稳定，到约1500℃分解。有窒息性的气味，对上呼吸道有强刺激，对眼、皮肤、黏膜有腐蚀。密度大于空气，其水溶液为盐酸，浓盐酸具有挥发性。
高炉煤气为炼铁过程中产生的副产品，主要成分为:CO、CO2、N2、H2、CH4等，其中可燃成分CO含量约占25％左右，H2、CH4的含量很少，CO2、N2的含量分别占15％、55％。
高炉冶炼过程中由铁矿石、焦炭和煤粉带入的氯经过一系列化学反应后以HCl气体形态进入高炉炉顶煤气中，在干法除尘的条件下容易导致高炉煤气余压透平发电装置(简称TRT)叶片和煤气管道腐蚀严重，当高炉煤气燃烧后仍然以HCl气体形态进入大气，给环境造成污染。
目前国内采用多种方法与设备脱除高炉煤气中氯化氢，专利201010264346.4采用塔式设备喷液吸收处理氯化氢，专利201020611850.2公开了塔式设备喷碱吸收处理高炉煤气中氯化氢，专利201410210169.X采用专用脱氯机构脱除氯化氢气体。目前常见的高炉煤气氯化氢气体回收方法复杂、占地面积大、投资高、附带设备较多。未见到采用多级旋流喷射吸附器进行高炉煤气氯化氢气体回收处理的研究报道。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有方法的不足，本发明提供了一种工业焦炉煤气氯化氢回收方法与装置
一种工业高炉煤气氯化氢气体回收方法，其特征在于：
(1)工业高炉煤气进入一级换热器进行冷却；
(2)冷却后气体进入单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器，同时吸收剂经泵也进入单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器；
(3)高炉煤气从单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器顶部入口切向进入，吸收剂从单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器侧壁小孔喷入；
(4)径向喷入的流线型吸收剂被切向高速旋转的高炉煤气持续切割，形成无数吸附液雾滴；
(5)经吸收后富含氯化氢的吸附液从单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器底部流出，经二级换热器换热后进入液体储罐回收储存；
(6)净化后高炉煤气从单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器顶部流出，经干燥器脱水后进入后续设备。
优选的，步骤(1)所述的一级换热器冷却液相能溶解部分氯化氢气相，氯化氢第一阶段脱除效率达到5％以上。
优选的，步骤(2)所述的多级旋流喷射吸附器为2～5级，氯化氢第二阶段脱除效率达到99％以上。
优选的，步骤(2)所述的单级旋流喷射吸附器操作压降为1～5kpa。
优选的，步骤(2)所述的单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器侧壁小孔可为圆形、半圆形、三角形、方形，小孔面积为0.2～20mm2。
优选的，步骤(3)所述的吸收剂为水或碱性溶液，以水为吸收剂可回收盐酸，以氨水为吸收剂可回收氯化铵。
另一方面，本发明提供了一种工业高炉煤气氯化氢气体回收装置。该装置包括：
一级换热器，用于冷却工业高炉煤气，预脱除部分氯化氢气体；
单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器，用于吸附高炉煤气中氯化氢；
与单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器连接的二级换热器，用于冷却流入其中的液体；
与单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器连接的干燥器，用于脱除净化后高炉煤气中液相；
与二级换热器连接的液体储罐，用于回收储存液体；
优选的，所述的单级旋流喷射吸附器的脱氯吸附效率在99％以上。
优选的，所述的单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器采用不同直径，可处理不同风量的工业高炉煤气。
优选的，所述的设备材料需耐酸碱腐蚀。
优选的，所述的多级旋流喷射吸附器可集成，换热器为立式或卧式。
本发明的方法特点如下：
(1)采用旋流喷射吸附器多级串联，有效提高脱氯效果。
(2)旋流吸附器侧壁开孔不同，吸收剂射流形态不同，传质效果不同，可不同程度影响脱氯效果。
(3)吸收剂为水或碱性溶液，以水为吸收剂可回收盐酸，以氨水为吸收剂可回收氯化铵。
(4)该方法适用于工业高炉煤气工况。
本发明的装置特点如下：
单级旋流喷射吸附器的脱氯吸附效率在99％以上。
该装置易集成，旋流喷射吸附器、换热器、液体储罐、干燥器直径小，减少了装置的总占地面积和总投资。
附图说明
图1是本发明的单级旋流喷射吸附器方法流程图
图2是本发明的多级旋流喷射吸附器方法流程图
图3是本发明的旋流喷射吸附器内壁喷射示意图
符号说明：
1工业高炉；2吸收剂储罐；3吸收剂液泵；4二级换热器；5含氯液泵；6 液体储罐；7二级换热器；8旋流喷射吸附器；9干燥器；10二级旋流喷射吸附器。
具体实施方式
如图2所示，工业高炉1排放的高炉煤气进入一级换热器7中进行冷却，同时换热器液相对煤气中氯化氢进行第一阶段脱除；换热后煤气进入单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器8和10中，同时储罐2中吸收剂由液泵3抽送至旋流喷射吸附器8和10中，8中气体进入多级旋流喷射吸附器10进一步净化；旋流喷射吸附器8和10中氯液进入二级换热器4，换热后由液泵5输送至氯液储罐6中；经旋流喷射吸附器净化后气体进入干燥器9中干燥，输送至后续设备。
本发明中旋流喷射吸附器结构，可参见名称为“一种高效硫化氢气体吸收装置”，申请日是2016年9月21日，申请号是201610494578.6的发明。
以上所述内容仅为本发明构思下的基本说明，而依据本发明的技术方案所作的任何等效变换，均应属于本发明的保护范围。
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明，实施例并不限制本发明的范围。
实施例1：
上海某工厂氯化氢气体处理，按照本发明方法和装置进行，采用单级旋流吸附煤气中氯化氢，入口气体氯化氢含量为0.5ppm，吸收剂采用不含氯离子水、含氯离子120mg/L水、含氯离子200mg/L水。
技术效果：
采用该新型煤气氯化氢气体回收方法与装置，采用不同吸收剂使单级旋流喷射吸附器出来的氯化氢浓度降至0.05ppm以下，效率为90％以上，大大提高了氯化氢回收效果。
实施例2：
上述工况气体与吸收剂，按照本发明方法和装置进行，采用多级旋流吸附煤气中氯化氢。
技术效果：
采用该新型煤气氯化氢气体回收方法与装置，采用不同吸收剂使多级旋流喷射吸附器出来的氯化氢浓度降至0.01ppm以下，效率为98％以上，大大提高了氯化氢回收效果。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种工业高炉煤气氯化氢气体回收方法，其特征在于：
工业高炉煤气进入一级换热器进行冷却；冷却后气体进入单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器，同时吸收剂经泵也进入单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器；高炉煤气从单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器顶部入口切向进入，吸收剂从单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器侧壁小孔喷入；径向喷入的流线型吸收剂被切向高速旋转的高炉煤气持续切割，形成无数吸附液雾滴；经吸收后富含氯化氢的吸附液从旋流喷射吸附器底部流出，经二级换热器换热后进入液体储罐回收储存；净化后高炉煤气从单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器顶部流出，经干燥器脱水后进入后续设备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述一级换热器冷却液相溶解部分氯化氢气相，氯化氢第一阶段脱除效率为5％以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的多级旋流喷射吸附器为2～5级，氯化氢第二阶段脱除效率为99％以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的单级旋流喷射吸附器操作压降为1～5kpa。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器侧壁小孔可为圆形、半圆形、三角形或方形，小孔面积为0.2～20mm2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的吸收剂为水或碱性溶液，以水为吸收剂可回收盐酸，以氨水为吸收剂可回收氯化铵。
7.一种工业高炉煤气氯化氢气体回收装置，该装置包括：
用于冷却工业高炉煤气，预脱除部分氯化氢气体的一级换热器；用于吸附高炉煤气中氯化氢的单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器；用于冷却流入其中的液体的与单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器连接的二级换热器；用于脱除净化后高炉煤气中液相的与单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器连接的干燥器；用于回收储存液体的与二级换热器连接的液体储罐。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，所述的单级或多级旋流喷射吸附器根据所处理不同风量的工业高炉煤气采用不同直径。
9.根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，所述的多级旋流喷射吸附器是多级串连和/或并联集成，所述换热器为立式或卧式。
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