CN106718721B - Domestication cultivation method of bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings - Google Patents

Domestication cultivation method of bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106718721B
CN106718721B CN201611045002.8A CN201611045002A CN106718721B CN 106718721 B CN106718721 B CN 106718721B CN 201611045002 A CN201611045002 A CN 201611045002A CN 106718721 B CN106718721 B CN 106718721B
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mixture
tissue culture
bletilla striata
water
cultivation
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CN106718721A (en
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陶春艳
杨光早
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Xuanwei Nongshuo Agricultural Special Products Development Co Ltd
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Xuanwei Nongshuo Agricultural Special Products Development Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/23Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust

Abstract

The invention discloses a domestication cultivation method of bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings, which comprises the following steps: A. preparing a substrate, wherein the substrate comprises a mixture of pine nut shells, humus and sheep manure, and a mixture of sawdust, chicken manure, bean cakes and sesame oil residues; B. digging a cultivation pool in a greenhouse, and C, sequentially paving a mixture of pine nut shells, humus and sheep manure and a mixture of sawdust, chicken manure, bean cakes and sesame oil residues in the cultivation pool; D. selecting bletilla striata tissue culture seedling, cleaning, disinfecting and airing; E. d, planting the tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step D on a substrate in a culture pond, wherein the row spacing is 2 cm-4 cm, and the plant spacing is 1 cm-2 cm; F. management: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-70%; the illumination intensity is 2500LX to 3000LX, and the illumination time is 10h to 13h per day; watering regularly; transplanting to field after 3 months. By adopting the method to domesticate the bletilla striata tissue culture seedling, the good growth of the tissue culture seedling can be ensured, the proportion meeting the requirement of field transplantation is greatly increased, and the qualification rate of the tissue culture seedling is improved.

Description

Domestication cultivation method of bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bletilla striata planting, and particularly relates to a domestication cultivation method of bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings.
Background
Bletilla striata is a member of the genus bletilla of the family orchidaceae. Perennial herbs with the height of 20-50 cm and 4-5 leaves, wherein the base parts are mutually sleeved and overlapped into a stem shape, and the scape is drawn out from the center. The raceme has a plurality of flowers; purple or light red, about 5cm in diameter, and composed of 3 sepals, 2 petals and 1 specialized lip; the lip 3 is split, and a longitudinal fold piece is arranged on the lip; the stamen and the stylobate are combined to form a combined stamen column, the top end of the combined stamen column is provided with an anther, and the front upper part of the combined stamen column is provided with a stigma recess. Thick rhizome in the underground, such as chicken head, is rich in viscosity, contains bletilla gum, i.e. bletilla mannan, and can be used as medicine, hemostatic, lung-tonifying, granulation-promoting and pain-relieving agent, or paste.
The artificial cultivation of bletilla striata generally comprises tissue culture seedling cultivation, domestication cultivation and field transplantation, wherein the domestication cultivation is a transition stage from the cultivation of the tissue culture seedling to the field transplantation, and compared with the conventional seedling hardening, the domestication cultivation mainly aims to improve the growth adaptability of the tissue culture seedling and finally improve the field cultivation survival rate, and is generally completed in a greenhouse. At present, the substrates used for domesticating and cultivating the bletilla tissue culture seedlings are generally formed by mixing several of perlite, peat soil, turf, river sand and the like, and because the water requirement for growth of the bletilla is large, the water content in the substrates needs to be kept between 60% and 70%, the watering amount is large each time, water is easy to accumulate at the bottom layer of the substrates, the roots of the bletilla are subjected to waterlogging, and the normal growth of the bletilla is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a domestication cultivation method of bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings, which ensures sufficient fertilizer efficiency and can prevent root systems of bletilla striata from being damaged by waterlogging by improving a matrix, so that the qualification rate of the bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings is improved.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a domestication cultivation method of bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a substrate:
a1, soaking the pine nut shells in a disinfectant for 40min to 65min, taking out and airing;
a2, uniformly mixing humus and sheep manure according to a mass ratio of (3-5): 1, sterilizing at a temperature of more than 120 ℃ for 60-90 min, and finally adding water and uniformly stirring to ensure that the mass fraction of the water is 60-70%;
a3, mixing sawdust, chicken manure, bean cake, sesame oil residue and water according to the ratio of (8-10): (3-5) 1: 5, putting the mixture into a sealed container, retting the mixture for 30 to 45 days at a temperature of between 30 and 45 ℃, taking out the mixture, kneading the mixture into pieces, exposing the mixture to the sun for 3 to 5 days, spraying disinfectant to disinfect the mixture, and finally adding water and stirring the mixture uniformly to ensure that the mass fraction of the water is between 60 and 70 percent;
B. digging a plurality of cultivation ponds on the ground in the greenhouse, wherein the width of each cultivation pond is 80cm to 120cm, and the depth of each cultivation pond is 30cm to 40 cm;
C. adding a culture medium: laying a layer of pine nut shells obtained in the step A1 at the bottom of the cultivation pool, wherein the laying thickness is 6-12 cm; b, paving the mixture of the humus soil and the sheep manure obtained in the step A2 above the pine nut shells, wherein the paving thickness is 10 cm-20 cm; b, paving the mixture obtained in the step A3 above the mixture of the humus soil and the sheep manure, wherein the paving thickness is 5 cm-10 cm;
D. selecting bletilla striata tissue culture seedling with stout and good growth of protocorm, cleaning the root with water, soaking the root in bacteriostatic agent for 45-60 min, taking out and drying in the air;
E. d, planting the tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step D on a substrate in a culture pond, wherein the row spacing is 2 cm-4 cm, and the plant spacing is 1 cm-2 cm;
F. management: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-70%; the illumination intensity is 2500LX to 3000LX, and the illumination time is 10h to 13h per day; watering regularly to keep the mass fraction of water in the matrix between 60 and 70 percent; transplanting to field after 3 months.
Further, in steps a1 and A3, the disinfectant solution is a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.3%.
Further, in the step D, carbendazim is adopted as the bacteriostatic agent.
Further, in the step C, after the substrate is completely paved, disinfectant is sprayed for secondary disinfection.
Further, in the step F, every half month, adopting a thiophanate methyl solution with the mass concentration of 0.7 percent to spray bletilla striata leaves for preventing and treating the black spot.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the pine nut shells are large in size and have gaps, when the watering amount is too large, water flows into the bottom of the cultivation pool through the pine nut shells, roots of the bletilla are prevented from being damaged by waterlogging, and the normal growth of the tissue culture seedlings of the bletilla is guaranteed.
2. The sawdust has the functions of loosening, ventilation, water absorption and moisture preservation, and can save water consumption. Sawdust and chicken manure, bean cake, sesame oil sediment mix to rett and have very strong fertilizer efficiency after, simultaneously, humus soil property is loose, and sheep excrement also has stronger fertilizer efficiency, and the three provides sufficient fertility during the domestication of tuber of hyacinth bletilla tissue culture seedling, need not apply other fertilizer again just can satisfy the growth needs of tuber of hyacinth bletilla to it is more convenient to make later stage management.
3. The various matrixes and the bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings are subjected to sterilization and disinfection treatment, so that a clean and harmless growth environment is ensured.
In conclusion, the adoption of the method for domesticating the bletilla striata tissue culture seedling can ensure that the tissue culture seedling grows well, the proportion meeting the requirement of field transplantation is greatly increased, and the qualification rate of the tissue culture seedling is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example one
The invention relates to a domestication cultivation method of bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a substrate:
a1, soaking the pine nut shells in 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 40min, taking out and airing;
a2, uniformly mixing humus and sheep manure according to the mass ratio of 3:1, sterilizing at 120 ℃ for 60min, and finally adding water and uniformly stirring to ensure that the mass fraction of water is 60-70%;
a3, mixing sawdust, chicken manure, bean cake, sesame oil residue and water according to the weight ratio of 8: 3:1:1: 5, putting the mixture into a sealed container, retting the mixture for 30 days at the temperature of 30 ℃, taking out the mixture, kneading the mixture, exposing the mixture to the sun for 3 days, spraying a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3 percent for disinfection, and finally adding water and stirring the mixture uniformly to ensure that the mass fraction of the water is between 60 and 70 percent;
B. digging a plurality of cultivation ponds on the ground in the greenhouse, wherein the width of each cultivation pond is 80cm, and the depth of each cultivation pond is 35 cm;
C. adding a culture medium: laying a layer of pine nut shells obtained in the step A1 at the bottom of the cultivation pool, wherein the laying thickness is 6 cm; b, paving the mixture of the humus soil and the sheep manure obtained in the step A2 above the pine nut shells, wherein the paving thickness is 20 cm; b, paving the mixture obtained in the step A3 above the mixture of the humus soil and the sheep manure, wherein the paving thickness is 5 cm; after all the layers are laid, spraying disinfectant for secondary disinfection.
D. Selecting bletilla striata tissue culture seedling with stout and good growth, cleaning the root with water, soaking the root in carbendazim solution for 45min, taking out and drying in the air;
E. d, planting the tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step D on a substrate in a culture pond, wherein the row spacing is 2 cm-4 cm, and the plant spacing is 1 cm-2 cm;
F. management: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-70%; the illumination intensity is 2500LX to 3000LX, and the illumination time is 10h to 13h per day; watering regularly to keep the mass fraction of water in the matrix between 60 and 70 percent; every half month, 0.7% thiophanate methyl solution is sprayed on the bletilla striata leaves to prevent black spot. Transplanting to field after 3 months.
In this embodiment, 10000 tissue culture seedlings are selected for acclimatization cultivation, so that 8895 tissue culture seedlings meeting the requirement of field transplantation are obtained, and the qualification rate is about 89%.
Example two
The invention relates to a domestication cultivation method of bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a substrate:
a1, soaking the pine nut shells in 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 50min, taking out and airing;
a2, uniformly mixing humus and sheep manure according to a mass ratio of 4:1, sterilizing for 75min at a temperature of over 140 ℃, and finally adding water and uniformly stirring to ensure that the mass fraction of the water is 60-70%;
a3, mixing sawdust, chicken manure, bean cake, sesame oil residue and water according to the weight ratio of 9: 4:1:1: 5, putting the mixture into a sealed container, retting the mixture for 40 days at 40 ℃, taking out the mixture, rubbing the mixture into pieces, exposing the mixture to the sun for 4 days, spraying a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3 percent for disinfection, and finally adding water and stirring the mixture uniformly to ensure that the mass fraction of the water is between 60 and 70 percent;
B. digging a plurality of cultivation ponds on the ground in the greenhouse, wherein the width of each cultivation pond is 100cm, and the depth of each cultivation pond is 30 cm;
C. adding a culture medium: laying a layer of pine nut shells obtained in the step A1 at the bottom of the cultivation pool, wherein the laying thickness is 8 cm; b, paving the mixture of the humus soil and the sheep manure obtained in the step A2 above the pine nut shells, wherein the paving thickness is 15 cm; b, paving the mixture obtained in the step A3 above the mixture of the humus soil and the sheep manure, wherein the paving thickness is 7 cm; after all the layers are laid, spraying disinfectant for secondary disinfection.
D. Selecting bletilla striata tissue culture seedling with stout and good growth, cleaning the root with water, soaking the root in carbendazim solution for 50min, taking out and drying in the air;
E. d, planting the tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step D on a substrate in a culture pond, wherein the row spacing is 2 cm-4 cm, and the plant spacing is 1 cm-2 cm;
F. management: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-70%; the illumination intensity is 2500LX to 3000LX, and the illumination time is 10h to 13h per day; watering regularly to keep the mass fraction of water in the matrix between 60 and 70 percent; every half month, 0.7% thiophanate methyl solution is sprayed on the bletilla striata leaves to prevent black spot. Transplanting to field after 3 months.
In this embodiment, 10000 tissue culture seedlings are selected for acclimatization cultivation, and 9107 tissue culture seedlings meeting the requirement of field transplantation are obtained, with a qualification rate of about 91%.
EXAMPLE III
The invention relates to a domestication cultivation method of bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a substrate:
a1, soaking the pine nut shells in 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 65min, taking out and airing;
a2, uniformly mixing humus and sheep manure according to a mass ratio of 5:1, sterilizing for 90min at 150 ℃, and finally adding water and uniformly stirring to ensure that the mass fraction of the water is 60-70%;
a3, mixing sawdust, chicken manure, bean cake, sesame oil residue and water according to the weight ratio of 10: 5:1:1: 5, putting the mixture into a sealed container, retting the mixture for 45 days at 45 ℃, taking the mixture out, kneading the mixture, exposing the mixture to the sun for 5 days, spraying a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3 percent for disinfection, and finally adding water and stirring the mixture uniformly to ensure that the mass fraction of the water is between 60 and 70 percent;
B. digging a plurality of cultivation ponds on the ground in the greenhouse, wherein the width of each cultivation pond is 120cm, and the depth of each cultivation pond is 40 cm;
C. adding a culture medium: laying a layer of pine nut shells obtained in the step A1 at the bottom of the cultivation pool, wherein the laying thickness is 12 cm; b, paving the mixture of the humus soil and the sheep manure obtained in the step A2 above the pine nut shells, wherein the paving thickness is 10 cm; b, paving the mixture obtained in the step A3 above the mixture of the humus soil and the sheep manure, wherein the paving thickness is 10 cm; after all the layers are laid, spraying disinfectant for secondary disinfection.
D. Selecting bletilla striata tissue culture seedling with stout and good growth, cleaning the root with water, soaking the root in carbendazim solution for 60min, taking out and drying in the air;
E. d, planting the tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step D on a substrate in a culture pond, wherein the row spacing is 2 cm-4 cm, and the plant spacing is 1 cm-2 cm;
F. management: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-70%; the illumination intensity is 2500LX to 3000LX, and the illumination time is 10h to 13h per day; watering regularly to keep the mass fraction of water in the matrix between 60 and 70 percent; every half month, 0.7% thiophanate methyl solution is sprayed on the bletilla striata leaves to prevent black spot. Transplanting to field after 3 months.
In this embodiment, 10000 tissue culture seedlings are selected for acclimatization cultivation, 8956 tissue culture seedlings meeting the requirement of field transplantation are obtained, and the qualification rate is about 89.5%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A domestication cultivation method of bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. preparing a substrate:
a1, soaking the pine nut shells in a disinfectant for 40min to 65min, taking out and airing; the disinfectant adopts a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3 percent;
a2, uniformly mixing humus and sheep manure according to a mass ratio of (3-5): 1, sterilizing at a temperature of more than 120 ℃ for 60-90 min, and finally adding water and uniformly stirring to ensure that the mass fraction of the water is 60-70%;
a3, mixing sawdust, chicken manure, bean cake, sesame oil residue and water according to the ratio of (8-10): (3-5) 1: 5, putting the mixture into a sealed container, retting the mixture for 30 to 45 days at a temperature of between 30 and 45 ℃, taking out the mixture, kneading the mixture into pieces, exposing the mixture to the sun for 3 to 5 days, spraying disinfectant to disinfect the mixture, and finally adding water and stirring the mixture uniformly to ensure that the mass fraction of the water is between 60 and 70 percent; the disinfectant adopts a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3 percent;
B. digging a plurality of cultivation ponds on the ground in the greenhouse, wherein the width of each cultivation pond is 80cm to 120cm, and the depth of each cultivation pond is 30cm to 40 cm;
C. adding a culture medium: laying a layer of pine nut shells obtained in the step A1 at the bottom of the cultivation pool, wherein the laying thickness is 6-12 cm; b, paving the mixture of the humus soil and the sheep manure obtained in the step A2 above the pine nut shells, wherein the paving thickness is 10 cm-20 cm; b, paving the mixture obtained in the step A3 above the mixture of the humus soil and the sheep manure, wherein the paving thickness is 5 cm-10 cm; spraying disinfectant for secondary disinfection after the matrix is completely laid;
D. selecting bletilla striata tissue culture seedling with stout and good growth of protocorm, cleaning the root of the bletilla striata tissue culture seedling with water, soaking the root of the bletilla striata tissue culture seedling in carbendazim for 45min to 60min, taking out and airing;
E. d, planting the tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step D on a substrate in a culture pond, wherein the row spacing is 2 cm-4 cm, and the plant spacing is 1 cm-2 cm;
F. management: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-70%; the illumination intensity is 2500LX to 3000LX, and the illumination time is 10h to 13h per day; watering regularly to keep the mass fraction of water in the matrix between 60 and 70 percent; transplanting to field after 3 months; every half month, adopting a thiophanate methyl solution with the mass concentration of 0.7 percent to spray the bletilla striata leaves.
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CN107211676A (en) * 2017-05-26 2017-09-29 黄山峰源生物科技有限公司 The acclimation method of bletilla tissue culture seedlings
CN107241998A (en) * 2017-06-28 2017-10-13 金寨县金绿源特色中药材种植农场 A kind of greenhouse gardening bletilla striata final-period management method
CN107548914A (en) * 2017-09-29 2018-01-09 道真自治县百草谷旅游和农业开发有限责任公司 A kind of implantation methods of the bletilla striata
CN107801598A (en) * 2017-10-20 2018-03-16 成都先先先生物科技有限公司 A kind of preparation method of the soilless culture substrate of more material mixed planting a kind of sedge dishes
CN109349077A (en) * 2018-09-26 2019-02-19 河南云帮农业科技有限公司 A kind of bletilla striata tissue-culture container seedling domestication transplantation method
CN113951118B (en) * 2021-10-18 2023-02-17 浙江省农业科学院 Simple cultivation method for rapid seedling emergence of bletilla ochracea

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CN103314739B (en) * 2013-05-24 2015-04-15 安徽中升生物科技有限公司 Outdoor dendrobium huoshanense cultivation method
CN103314854A (en) * 2013-07-08 2013-09-25 重庆市秀山红星中药材开发有限公司 Domestication cultivation method of bletilla tissue culture seedlings
CN104177153A (en) * 2014-08-29 2014-12-03 青岛嘉禾丰肥业有限公司 Large fertilizer with longer fertilizer efficiency duration
CN104719152B (en) * 2015-02-16 2017-04-19 贵州省农作物品种资源研究所 Rhizoma bletillae industrialized seedling method
CN105777333A (en) * 2016-02-24 2016-07-20 吕强 Preparation technology of strawberry sweetening cultivation medium

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