CN106718604A - A kind of cultural method of virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN106718604A CN106718604A CN201611261225.8A CN201611261225A CN106718604A CN 106718604 A CN106718604 A CN 106718604A CN 201611261225 A CN201611261225 A CN 201611261225A CN 106718604 A CN106718604 A CN 106718604A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of cultural method of virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling, planning including carrying out oranges and tangerines field, transplant virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling and plant after management, management after the plant includes the fertilizing method of First Year after plant, oranges and tangerines seedling shaping, the method for preventing the annual bearing of oranges and tangerines seedling the 1st~3, plough deeply digging cave, irrigation management and the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, beneficial effects of the present invention are using virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling, cause that the oranges and tangerines growth of seedling speed after plant is faster more healthy by this cultural method, oranges and tangerines plant percent is high, can shift to an earlier date and reach the phase of abounding with 2 years or so, output increased 25%~30%, fruit is big and neat, plant, fertilising and final-period management are more scientific and reasonable, peasant economy income is promoted and increased beneficial to the marketization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, and in particular to a kind of cultural method of virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling.
Background technology
Citrusfruit is nutritious, color, smell and taste and excellent, can both eat raw, and the various processing systems based on fruit juice can be processed into again
Product.Orange yield is occupied first of all kinds of fruits, and orange blossom accounts for the 3/4 of fruit juice, is extensively favored by consumer, citrusfruit again storage tolerance, pin
It is long to sell the time, and market is also relatively stablized, and is significant to helping peasant immigrant to get rich.But oranges and tangerines can not resist cold, easily by pest and disease damage,
All there is the requirement of harshness to natural environment or cultivation condition, however, the managed technology of traditional citriculture and environment
Influence, oranges and tangerines plant percent is low, and pest and disease damage is serious, yields poorly, therefore, market in urgent need it is a kind of it is more scientific and reasonable can
The cultural method of large-scale production oranges and tangerines.
The content of the invention
Fall behind to solve existing citriculture administrative skill, oranges and tangerines plant percent is low, pest and disease damage serious and yield
Low problem, the present invention proposes a kind of cultural method of virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of cultural method of virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling, comprises the following steps：
Step one, carries out the planning in oranges and tangerines field：
1）The field requires height above sea level≤500 meter, and landform is relatively neat, and hilly and mountainous land is in easy flights in 25o, the soil texture
Loose, soil pH value is 5.5~7.5；Traffic convenience, possesses perfect water conservancy system and orchard building；
2）Deep ploughing site preparation and fertilising；
3）Excavate field planting hole：Improved the soil scheme according to the selection of field landform, the scheme of improving the soil cave of improving the soil including trench and dig is improved the soil,
The trench to be improved the soil and dig wide 1 meter~1.5 meters, deep 0.8 meter~1 meter trench using unwrapping wire；Improve the soil using field planting side in the digging cave
Grid determines that acupuncture point of improving the soil is put, a diameter of 1.5 meters of the cave of improving the soil, deep 0.8 meter~1 meter；Trench and cave of improving the soil backfill the time-division
Lamination buries material of improving the soil, and topsoil is all backfilled if without material of improving the soil；
Step 2, virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling of transplanting：
1）A virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling is taken, nursery bucket surrounding is patted before plant, oranges and tangerines seedling band soil is separated with nursery bucket；
2）One hand catches the base portion of oranges and tangerines seedling trunk, another hand to catch nursery bucket, oranges and tangerines seedling is gently pulled out, do not dissipate
Fall Nutrition Soil；
3）The Nutrition Soil of oranges and tangerines seedling top layer and bottom 1/4 is taken during plant off untill having root to expose, oranges and tangerines seedling is cut curved
Bent portions root, unclogs and readjusts group root, unfolds root system, contact of the root system end with soil when being easy to transplant, beneficial to the life of oranges and tangerines seedling
Long, disease, in case root neck sink into soil after soil shrinkage, triggers in the root neck side of resting on the ground after plant；
4）40~45 oranges and tangerines seedling of every mu of plant, are cooked a tree disk of a diameter of 50cm, just after plant in oranges and tangerines seedling base portion
In watering, applying fertilizer and final-period management, root water is finally filled with enough；
Step 3, the management after plant：
Including the fertilizing method of First Year, the shaping of oranges and tangerines seedling, the method, the depth that prevent the annual bearing of oranges and tangerines seedling the 1st~3 after plant
Dig the preventing and treating of cave, irrigation management and pest and disease damage；
The fertilizing method of First Year is specially after being transplanted in the step 3：
The growth of oranges and tangerines seedling, mainly by four growths of the tip, is respectively the spring tip, early summer shoot, summer shoot and autumn growth, is protected during fertilising
Demonstrate,proving the spring tip, early summer shoot, summer shoot and autumn growth has the nutrient of abundance, applied before each young sprout rudiment and after rudiment a nitrogenous fertilizer and
Potash fertilizer, fertilising is repeatedly defined by Shaoshi；Including step in detail below：
Apply fertilizer for the first time：Early March, every plant of 50 grams of urea are dissolved in 5~6 kilograms of become thoroughly decomposed loose stool urine or clear water, pour Shi Shu
Under hat drip, the tree crown drip refers to the position on the branches and leaves ragged edge ground vertically downward of tree.
Apply fertilizer for second：Late March, every plant of 50 grams of urea add 50 grams of sulfuric acid zinc-magnesiums to be dissolved in 5~6 kilograms of loose stools urine that become thoroughly decomposed
Or in clear water, pour and apply under tree crown drip；
Third time is applied fertilizer：Mid-May, every plant of 50 grams of urea add 100 grams of potassium sulfates to be dissolved in 2~8 kilograms of loose stool urine or clear that become thoroughly decomposed
In water, pour and apply under tree crown drip；
4th fertilising：Late May, every plant of 50 grams of urea add 100 grams of potassium sulfates to be dissolved in 2~8 kilograms of loose stool urine or clear that become thoroughly decomposed
In water, pour and apply under tree crown drip；
5th fertilising：Mid-June, every plant of 50 grams of urea add 70 grams of potassium sulfates to be dissolved in 2~8 kilograms of become thoroughly decomposed loose stool urine or clear water
In, pour and apply under tree crown drip；
6th fertilising：Late June, 25~35 centimetres of deep annular fertilization ditches are dug under every plant of tree crown drip, by 1 kilogram of mistake
Calcium phosphate is uniformly sprinkling upon in the annular fertilization ditch, then adds 70 grams of potassium sulfates to be dissolved in 2~8 kilograms of loose stools that become thoroughly decomposed in 50 grams of urea
In urine or clear water, pour in shallow ridges, backfill soil；
7th fertilising：Mid-July~the last ten-days period, every plant of 50 grams of urea add 50 grams of potassium sulfates to be dissolved in 2~8 kilograms of loose stools urine that become thoroughly decomposed
Or in clear water, pour and apply under tree crown drip；
8th fertilising：Late July~early August, every plant of 50 grams of ammonium sulfate are dissolved in 5~8 kilograms of become thoroughly decomposed loose stool urine or clear water
In, pour and apply under tree crown drip；
The fertilization time and number of times of the oranges and tangerines treelet of Second Year are identical with First Year after cultivation after cultivation, and dose increases by 60%~80%；
Dose increases by 80%~100% within 3rd year；
Specifically there be the shaping of oranges and tangerines seedling in the step 3：
1）Trunk is helped directly, and a pillar is found by inclined trunk, is uprightly fixed on the pillar with rope handle trunk；
2）Erase the rudiment of oranges and tangerines treelet stage stock；
3）Unnecessary rudiment on timely oranges and tangerines seedling trunk of erasing, it is ensured that the branch of the trunk is 4~5；
The method that the annual bearing of oranges and tangerines seedling the 1st~3 is prevented in the step 3 is：
1）Suppress oranges and tangerines seedling flower_bud formation：In the fall with season early winter, keep soil to be in suitable moisture state, prevent from doing
Drought；Timely erase Winter hardness and the winter tip；In late October to the special suppression flower agent of spraying oranges and tangerines between early December；
2）Spring smears flower and plucks fruit and spraying shedding agent；
Digging cave of ploughing deeply in the step 3 is specially：
10~November of selection is to plough deeply the time for expanding cave, and trench is improved the soil or dig the local outside that cave is improved the soil in the step one
Dig 50 cm wide, deep 60~80 centimetres expansion cave ditch expands the cave ditch place that cave improves the soil of improving the soil with trench or dig and digs through and do not stay
Partition wall, in the ditch of the expansion cave being layered embedment improves the soil 20~40 kilograms of material, if not improving the soil material, the soil that backfill has been cured
The raw-soil that digging is got up, is placed on ground curing by earth, and the soil of backfill is higher by 20~30 centimetres of original ground；
Irrigation management in the step 3 specifically has：
1）The flat citrus orchard having abundant water resources of physical features, blocks the ditch in orchard, water is piled ditch, again water after 12 hours
It is allowed to dry；
2）The citrus orchard of slope, uses small-sized movable water pump, connects hose, pouring of drawing water, it is impossible to draw water, irrigation of carrying water, 1~
The oranges and tangerines little tree of 2 years is poured water 20~30 kilograms every every time, and the mandarin tree of 3~4 years is poured water 40~60 every every time, and big tree is each
Pour water 70~100 kilograms every；
3）No matter which kind of landform can dig 2~4 caves using careless hole irrigation is buried on tree crown drip, deep 40~60 centimetres, per cave
With 10~20 kilograms of weeds, straw etc., a small amount of table soil is uniformly blended into, compacting backfill, unnecessary soil builds a short pedosphere in cave surrounding,
The weeds covering of the cm thick of inner cap 5~10 is enclosed, every 10~20 kilograms of hole irrigation water when arid；
4）The citrus orchard of drip irrigation or micro spray irrigation is installed, is irrigated by administrative staff's timing start-up when arid；
In the step 3 preventing and treating of pest and disease damage include entangle control oranges and tangerines iron chlorosis, preventing and treating oranges and tangerines fat select maculopathy, preventing and treating oranges and tangerines
Canker, preventing and treating citrus anthracnose, preventing and treating citrus red mite and yellow spider, anti-eliminate aphis, prevent and treat leaf miner and prevent and treat leaf mining first
It is chrysomelid with pernicious.
Further, the virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling cultural method also puts the tip including bud picking, the bud picking put the tip be
When fragmentary young sprout is just sprouted, young sprout is erased, most young sprouts are smeared always and sprouts or so the last week stopping, making these young sprouts
Unified to sprout, oranges and tangerines seedling is erased the bud just sprouted since early July, is smeared once within 2~5 days, is smeared always by the end of July, 8
The tip, that is, the whole young sprouts sprouted at the beginning of retaining August are put in beginning of the month unification, and the bud picking only carries out preventing from infecting canker in fine day.
Further, the third time fertilising adds excrement and water, soil less to the 8th fertilising in rainy weather during soil moisture
Add when earth is dried.
Further, in the 6th fertilising, the calcium superphosphate and 1~2 kilogram of rapeseed cake fertilizer for becoming thoroughly decomposed or 5~15
Applied after kilogram pigs and cattle excrement for becoming thoroughly decomposed or barnyard manure mixing.
Further, when carrying out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, spray liquid in add mix with medicament will not occur it is bad
Micro- fertilizer or 0.3%~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate or urea of the 0.1%~0.2% of reaction etc. make foliar fertilizer.
Further, the virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling cultural method is made between also including reasonable arrangement treelet, after plant
First Year 70 centimetres from oranges and tangerines trunk it is outer, 120 centimetres of Second Year is outer, the work of short bar is planted in the 3rd year place outside 200 centimetres
The industrial crops such as thing and green manure, the industrial crops include peanut, soybean, capsicum, potato, broad bean, purple English cloud；Stop within 4th year
Between make, the stalk of the industrial crops after results is used for covered ground or is applied as green manure.
Further, every oranges and tangerines seedling uses 60 centimetres of diameter, and 80 centimetres high be woven into around stake with bamboo chip is latticed
Protective fence prevent hare from endangering.
Further, the material of improving the soil in the step 2 includes weeds, straw, branch and farm manure.
The cultural method of the virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling that the present invention is provided has the beneficial effect that, using virus-free oranges and tangerines container
Seedling, causes that the oranges and tangerines growth of seedling speed after plant is faster more healthy by this cultural method, and oranges and tangerines plant percent is high, can be with
Reach within 2 years or so in advance the phase of abounding with, output increased 25%~30%, fruit is big and neat, plant, fertilising and final-period management more section
Learn reasonable, peasant economy income is promoted and increased beneficial to the marketization.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 fosters schematic diagram for the trunk of oranges and tangerines seedling；
Fig. 2 ploughs deeply digging cave schematic diagram for oranges and tangerines seedling；
The tree crown of Fig. 3 oranges and tangerines nursery stocks drips the ring-type dressing furrow schematic diagram on line position and drip.
In figure：1- oranges and tangerines seedling, 2- ropes, 3- pillars, 4- expansion cave ditches, 5- original trenches or cave of improving the soil, 6- tree crown drips,
7- ring-type dressing furrows.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Specific embodiment
The cultural method of the virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling that the present invention is provided, comprises the following steps：
Step one, carries out the planning in oranges and tangerines field：
1）The field requires height above sea level≤500 meter, and landform is relatively neat, and hilly and mountainous land is in easy flights in 25o, the soil texture
Loose, soil pH value is 5.5~7.5；Traffic convenience, sets perfect water conservancy system and orchard building；
2）Deep ploughing site preparation and fertilising；
3）Excavate field planting hole：Improved the soil scheme according to the selection of field landform, the scheme of improving the soil cave of improving the soil including trench and dig is improved the soil,
The trench to be improved the soil and dig wide 1 meter~1.5 meters, deep 0.8 meter~1 meter trench using unwrapping wire；Improve the soil using field planting side in the digging cave
Grid determines that acupuncture point of improving the soil is put, a diameter of 1.5 meters of the cave of improving the soil, deep 0.8 meter~1 meter；It is specifically shown in Fig. 1, the present embodiment moat
Ditch and cave backfill time-division lamination of improving the soil bury farm manure, and farm manure is divided into two-layer by table soil, and the raw-soil backfills the table in upper strata farm manure
Face.Topsoil is all backfilled if without material of improving the soil.
Step 2, virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling of transplanting：
1）A virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling is taken, the surrounding of nursery bucket is patted before plant, make oranges and tangerines seedling 1 with soil and nursery bucket point
From；
2）One hand catches the base portion of the trunk of oranges and tangerines seedling 1, another hand to catch nursery bucket, oranges and tangerines seedling is gently pulled out, no
Be scattered Nutrition Soil；
3）The Nutrition Soil of the top layer of oranges and tangerines seedling 1 and bottom 1/4 is taken during plant off untill having root to expose, oranges and tangerines seedling 1 is cut
Bending section root, unclogs and readjusts group root, unfolds root system, contact of the root system end with soil when being easy to transplant, beneficial to oranges and tangerines seedling 1
Growth, disease, in case root neck sink into soil after soil shrinkage, triggers in the root neck side of resting on the ground after plant；
4）40~45 oranges and tangerines seedling 1 of every mu of plant, the base portion after plant in oranges and tangerines seedling 1 does a tree of a diameter of 50cm
Disk, is easy to water, applies fertilizer and final-period management, is finally filled with enough root water.
Step 3, the management after plant：
Including the fertilizing method of First Year after plant, the shaping of oranges and tangerines seedling 1, the method for preventing the annual bearing of oranges and tangerines seedling 1 the 1st~3,
Plough deeply digging cave, irrigation management and the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage；
The fertilizing method of First Year is specially after being transplanted in the step 3：
The growth of oranges and tangerines seedling 1, mainly by four growths of the tip, is respectively the spring tip, early summer shoot, summer shoot and autumn growth, is protected during fertilising
Demonstrate,proving the spring tip, early summer shoot, summer shoot and autumn growth has the nutrient of abundance, applied before each young sprout rudiment and after rudiment a nitrogenous fertilizer and
Potash fertilizer, fertilising is repeatedly defined by Shaoshi；Including step in detail below：
Apply fertilizer for the first time：Early March, every plant of 50 grams of urea are dissolved in 5~6 kilograms of become thoroughly decomposed loose stool urine or clear water, pour Shi Shu
Under hat drip 6, the tree crown drip 6 refers to the position on the branches and leaves ragged edge ground vertically downward of tree（Referring to accompanying drawing
3）.
Apply fertilizer for second：Late March, every plant of 50 grams of urea add 50 grams of sulfuric acid zinc-magnesiums to be dissolved in 5~6 kilograms of loose stools urine that become thoroughly decomposed
Or in clear water, pour and apply under tree crown drip 6；
Third time is applied fertilizer：Mid-May, every plant of 50 grams of urea add 100 grams of potassium sulfates to be dissolved in 2~8 kilograms of loose stool urine or clear that become thoroughly decomposed
In water, rainy weather adds excrement, water less during soil moisture, add during antecedent soil moisture, similarly hereinafter, pours and applies under tree crown drip 6；
4th fertilising：Late May, every plant of 50 grams of urea add 100 grams of potassium sulfates to be dissolved in 2~8 kilograms of loose stool urine or clear that become thoroughly decomposed
In water, pour and apply under tree crown drip 6；
5th fertilising：Mid-June, every plant of 50 grams of urea add 70 grams of potassium sulfates to be dissolved in 2~8 kilograms of become thoroughly decomposed loose stool urine or clear water
In, pour and apply under tree crown drip 6；
6th fertilising：Late June, in every plant of tree crown drip 6 times diggings, 25~35 centimetres of deep annular fertilization ditches 10, by 1 public affairs
Jin calcium superphosphate be uniformly sprinkling upon in annular fertilization ditch 7, calcium superphosphate preferably with 1~2 kilogram of rapeseed cake fertilizer for becoming thoroughly decomposed, or 5~15
Kilogram pigs and cattle excrement for becoming thoroughly decomposed or barnyard manure mixing are applied again, then add 70 grams of potassium sulfates to be dissolved in 2~8 kilograms of loose stools that become thoroughly decomposed in 50 grams of urea
In urine or clear water, pour in shallow ridges, backfill soil；
7th fertilising：Mid-July~the last ten-days period, every plant of 50 grams of urea add 50 grams of potassium sulfates to be dissolved in 2~8 kilograms of loose stools urine that become thoroughly decomposed
Or in clear water, pour and apply under tree crown drip 6；
8th fertilising：Late July~early August, every plant of 50 grams of ammonium sulfate are dissolved in 5~8 kilograms of become thoroughly decomposed loose stool urine or clear water
In, pour and apply under tree crown drip 6；
Additionally, every time spray insect prevention when, as long as mix will not adverse reaction with medicament, 0.1 can be added in liquid~
0.2% micro- fertilizer or 0.3~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate or urea etc. make foliar fertilizer.
The fertilization time and number of times of the oranges and tangerines seedling 1 of Second Year are identical with First Year after cultivation after cultivation, and dose increase by 60%~
80%；Dose increases by 80%~100% within 3rd year；
Specifically there be the shaping of oranges and tangerines seedling in the step 3：
1）Trunk is helped directly, and a pillar 3 is found by inclined trunk, and trunk is uprightly fixed on the pillar 3 with rope 2（Ginseng
See accompanying drawing 1）；
2）Erase the rudiment of oranges and tangerines treelet stage stock；
3）Unnecessary rudiment on timely oranges and tangerines seedling trunk of erasing, it is ensured that the branch of the trunk is 4~5；
The method that the annual bearing of oranges and tangerines seedling the 1st~3 is prevented in the step 3 is：
1）Suppress the flower_bud formation of oranges and tangerines seedling 1：In the fall with season early winter, keep soil to be in suitable moisture state, prevent
It is only arid；Timely erase Winter hardness and the winter tip；In late October to the special suppression flower agent of spraying oranges and tangerines between early December；
2）Spring smears flower and plucks fruit and spraying shedding agent；
Digging cave of ploughing deeply in the step 3 is specially：
10~November of selection is to plough deeply the time for expanding cave, and trench is improved the soil or dig the local outside that cave is improved the soil in the step one
Dig 50 cm wide, deep 60~80 centimetres expansion cave ditch 4, expand cave ditch 4 dug through with the place of former trench or cave 5 of improving the soil do not stay every
Wall, is layered 20~40 kilograms of the materials of improving the soil such as embedment weeds, green manure, barnyard manure and crop straw, if not having in expansion cave ditch 4
Improve the soil material, then backfill the soil for having cured, the raw-soil that digging is got up is placed on ground curing, the soil of backfill is higher by original ground 20
~30 centimetres（Referring to accompanying drawing 2）；
Irrigation management in the step 3 specifically has：
1）The flat citrus orchard having abundant water resources of physical features, blocks the ditch in orchard, water is piled ditch, again water after 12 hours
It is allowed to dry；
2）The citrus orchard of slope, uses small-sized movable water pump, connects hose, pouring of drawing water, it is impossible to draw water, irrigation of carrying water, 1~
The oranges and tangerines little tree of 2 years is poured water 20~30 kilograms every every time, and the mandarin tree of 3~4 years is poured water 40~60 every every time, and big tree is each
Pour water 70~100 kilograms every；
3）No matter which kind of landform can dig 2~4 caves using careless hole irrigation is buried on tree crown drip 6, deep 40~60 centimetres, often
Cave 10~20 kilograms of weeds, straw etc., are uniformly blended into a small amount of table soil, and compacting backfill, unnecessary soil builds a short soil in cave surrounding
Circle, encloses the weeds covering of the cm thick of inner cap 5~10, every 10~20 kilograms of hole irrigation water when arid；
4）The citrus orchard of drip irrigation or micro spray irrigation is installed, is irrigated by administrative staff's timing start-up when arid；
In the step 3 preventing and treating of pest and disease damage include entangle control oranges and tangerines iron chlorosis, preventing and treating oranges and tangerines fat select maculopathy, preventing and treating oranges and tangerines
Canker, preventing and treating citrus anthracnose, preventing and treating citrus red mite and yellow spider, anti-eliminate aphis, prevent and treat leaf miner and prevent and treat leaf mining first
Chrysomelid with pernicious, if finding illness or insect pest, the regular corresponding protective agents of spraying are raw with the health for ensuring oranges and tangerines seedling 1
It is long.
Additionally, the spring tip of oranges and tangerines sprouts neat, but the sprouting of summer shoot and autumn growth is very irregular, has always from May to October
Young sprout is sprouted.The young sprout sprouted after late June is easily by pest damages such as leaf miner, aphids.The harm of pest control is wanted, often
Criticizing young sprout will spray 2~3 times, and it is, when fragmentary young sprout is just sprouted, young sprout to be erased that the tip is put in bud picking, and majority is smeared always
Young sprout sprouts or so the last week stopping, making these young sprouts unify to sprout, and oranges and tangerines seedling erases what is just sprouted since early July
Bud, is smeared once for 2~5 days, smears always by the end of July, and the tip is put in the unification at the beginning of August, that is, the whole young sprouts sprouted at the beginning of retaining August are safeguarded
Personnel need to ensure that bud picking is only carried out in fine day, when having water on rainy day and tree should not bud picking, particularly have the citrus orchard of canker, more
It is noted that bud picking when avoiding having water on rainy day and tree, prevents from infecting canker.
In order to increase economic efficiency, can make between reasonable arrangement treelet in the first three years of Ci trus growth, first after plant
Year 70 centimetres from oranges and tangerines trunk it is outer, 120 centimetres of Second Year is outer, the 3rd year place plantation peanut outside 200 centimetres, soybean, peppery
The industrial crops such as green pepper, potato, broad bean, purple English cloud, make between stopping within the 4th year, and the stalk of the industrial crops after results covers for ground
Lid is applied as green manure, i.e., rationally make use of resource, and certain economic benefit is obtained again.
Harm due to hare to oranges and tangerines seedling 1 is larger, therefore every oranges and tangerines seedling 1 should use 60 centimetres of diameter, high by 80
Centimetre be woven into latticed protective fence around stake with bamboo chip and prevent hare from endangering, can also prevent the infringement of other domestic animals.
Obviously, the cultural method of the virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling that the present invention is provided uses virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling, passes through
The speed of growth after this cultural method causes oranges and tangerines seedling to transplant is faster more healthy, and oranges and tangerines plant percent is high, can shift to an earlier date 2 years
Left and right reaches the phase of abounding with, output increased 25%~30%, and fruit is big and neat, and plant, fertilising and final-period management more science are closed
Reason, promotes and increases peasant economy income beneficial to the marketization.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, all any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements within the spirit and principles in the present invention, made etc. all should be included
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of cultural method of virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling, comprises the following steps：
Step one, carries out the planning in oranges and tangerines field：
1) field requires height above sea level≤500 meter, and landform is relatively neat, and hilly and mountainous land is in easy flights in 25 °, the soil texture
Loose, soil pH value is 5.5~7.5；Traffic convenience, possesses perfect water conservancy system and orchard building；
2) deep ploughing site preparation and fertilising；
3) field planting hole is excavated：Improved the soil scheme according to the selection of field landform, the scheme of improving the soil cave of improving the soil including trench and dig is improved the soil,
The trench to be improved the soil and dig wide 1 meter~1.5 meters, deep 0.8 meter~1 meter trench using unwrapping wire；Improve the soil using field planting side in the digging cave
Grid determines that acupuncture point of improving the soil is put, a diameter of 1.5 meters of the cave of improving the soil, deep 0.8 meter~1 meter；Trench and cave of improving the soil backfill the time-division
Lamination buries material of improving the soil, and topsoil is all backfilled if without material of improving the soil；
Step 2, virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling of transplanting：
1) a virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling is taken, nursery bucket surrounding is patted before plant, oranges and tangerines seedling band soil is separated with nursery bucket；
2) hand catches the base portion of oranges and tangerines seedling trunk, another hand to catch nursery bucket, oranges and tangerines seedling is gently pulled out, do not dissipate
Fall Nutrition Soil；
3) Nutrition Soil of oranges and tangerines seedling top layer and bottom 1/4 is taken when transplanting off untill having root to expose, and cuts oranges and tangerines seedling curved
Bent portions root, unclogs and readjusts group root, unfolds root system, contact of the root system end with soil when being easy to transplant, beneficial to the life of oranges and tangerines seedling
Long, disease, in case root neck sink into soil after soil shrinkage, triggers in the root neck side of resting on the ground after plant；
4) 40~45 oranges and tangerines seedling of every mu of plant, are cooked a tree disk of a diameter of 50cm, just after plant in oranges and tangerines seedling base portion
In watering, applying fertilizer and final-period management, root water is finally filled with enough；
Step 3, the management after plant：
Including the fertilizing method of First Year, the shaping of oranges and tangerines seedling, the method, the depth that prevent the annual bearing of oranges and tangerines seedling the 1st~3 after plant
Dig the preventing and treating of cave, irrigation management and pest and disease damage；
The fertilizing method of First Year is specially after being transplanted in the step 3：
The growth of oranges and tangerines seedling, mainly by four growths of the tip, is respectively the spring tip, early summer shoot, summer shoot and autumn growth, is protected during fertilising
Demonstrate,proving the spring tip, early summer shoot, summer shoot and autumn growth has the nutrient of abundance, applied before each young sprout rudiment and after rudiment a nitrogenous fertilizer and
Potash fertilizer, fertilising is repeatedly defined by Shaoshi；Including step in detail below：
Apply fertilizer for the first time：Early March, every plant of 50 grams of urea are dissolved in 5~6 kilograms of become thoroughly decomposed loose stool urine or clear water, pour Shi Shu
Under hat drip, the tree crown drip refers to the position on the branches and leaves ragged edge ground vertically downward of tree.
Apply fertilizer for second：Late March, every plant of 50 grams of urea add 50 grams of sulfuric acid zinc-magnesiums to be dissolved in 5~6 kilograms of loose stool urine or clear that become thoroughly decomposed
In water, pour and apply under tree crown drip；
Third time is applied fertilizer：Mid-May, every plant of 50 grams of urea add 100 grams of potassium sulfates to be dissolved in 2~8 kilograms of loose stool urine or clear that become thoroughly decomposed
In water, pour and apply under tree crown drip；
4th fertilising：Late May, every plant of 50 grams of urea add 100 grams of potassium sulfates to be dissolved in 2~8 kilograms of loose stool urine or clear that become thoroughly decomposed
In water, pour and apply under tree crown drip；
5th fertilising：Mid-June, every plant of 50 grams of urea add 70 grams of potassium sulfates to be dissolved in 2~8 kilograms of become thoroughly decomposed loose stool urine or clear water
In, pour and apply under tree crown drip；
6th fertilising：Late June, 25~35 centimetres of deep annular fertilization ditches are dug under every plant of tree crown drip, by 1 kilogram of mistake
Calcium phosphate is uniformly sprinkling upon in the annular fertilization ditch, then adds 70 grams of potassium sulfates to be dissolved in 2~8 kilograms of loose stools that become thoroughly decomposed in 50 grams of urea
In urine or clear water, pour in shallow ridges, backfill soil；
7th fertilising：Mid-July~the last ten-days period, every plant of 50 grams of urea add 50 grams of potassium sulfates to be dissolved in 2~8 kilograms of loose stools urine that become thoroughly decomposed
Or in clear water, pour and apply under tree crown drip；
8th fertilising：Late July~early August, every plant of 50 grams of ammonium sulfate are dissolved in 5~8 kilograms of become thoroughly decomposed loose stool urine or clear water
In, pour and apply under tree crown drip；
The fertilization time and number of times of the oranges and tangerines treelet of Second Year are identical with First Year after cultivation after cultivation, and dose increase by 60%~
80%；Dose increases by 80%~100% within 3rd year；
Specifically there be the shaping of oranges and tangerines seedling in the step 3：
1) trunk is helped directly, and a pillar is found by inclined trunk, is uprightly fixed on the pillar with rope handle trunk；
2) erase the rudiment of oranges and tangerines treelet stage stock；
3) rudiment unnecessary on timely oranges and tangerines seedling trunk of erasing, it is ensured that the branch of the trunk is 4~5；
The method that the annual bearing of oranges and tangerines seedling the 1st~3 is prevented in the step 3 is：
1) oranges and tangerines seedling flower_bud formation is suppressed：In the fall with season early winter, keep soil to be in suitable moisture state, prevent from doing
Drought；Timely erase Winter hardness and the winter tip；In late October to the special suppression flower agent of spraying oranges and tangerines between early December；
2) spring smear flower pluck fruit and spraying shedding agent；
Digging cave of ploughing deeply in the step 3 is specially：
10~November of selection is to plough deeply the time for expanding cave, and trench is improved the soil or dig the local outside that cave is improved the soil in the step one
Dig 50 cm wide, deep 60~80 centimetres expansion cave ditch expands the cave ditch place that cave improves the soil of improving the soil with trench or dig and digs through and do not stay
Partition wall, in the ditch of the expansion cave being layered embedment improves the soil 20~40 kilograms of material, if not improving the soil material, the soil that backfill has been cured
The raw-soil that digging is got up, is placed on ground curing by earth, and the soil of backfill is higher by 20~30 centimetres of original ground；
Irrigation management in the step 3 specifically has：
1) the flat citrus orchard having abundant water resources of physical features, blocks the ditch in orchard, water is piled ditch, again water after 12 hours
It is allowed to dry；
2) citrus orchard of slope, uses small-sized movable water pump, connects hose, pouring of drawing water, it is impossible to draw water, irrigation of carrying water, 1~
The oranges and tangerines little tree of 2 years is poured water 20~30 kilograms every every time, and the mandarin tree of 3~4 years is poured water 40~60 every every time, and big tree is each
Pour water 70~100 kilograms every；
3) no matter which kind of landform can dig 2~4 caves using careless hole irrigation is buried on tree crown drip, deep 40~60 centimetres, per cave
With 10~20 kilograms of weeds, straw etc., a small amount of table soil is uniformly blended into, compacting backfill, unnecessary soil builds a short pedosphere in cave surrounding,
The weeds covering of the cm thick of inner cap 5~10 is enclosed, every 10~20 kilograms of hole irrigation water when arid；
4) citrus orchard of drip irrigation or micro spray irrigation is installed, is irrigated by administrative staff's timing start-up when arid；
In the step 3 preventing and treating of pest and disease damage include entangle control oranges and tangerines iron chlorosis, preventing and treating oranges and tangerines fat select maculopathy, preventing and treating oranges and tangerines
Canker, preventing and treating citrus anthracnose, preventing and treating citrus red mite and yellow spider, anti-eliminate aphis, prevent and treat leaf miner and prevent and treat leaf mining first
It is chrysomelid with pernicious.
2. the cultural method of virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the virus-free oranges and tangerines
Container seedling cultural method also puts the tip including bud picking, and it is, when fragmentary young sprout is just sprouted, young sprout to be erased that the tip is put in the bud picking,
Most young sprouts being smeared always and sprouting or so the last week stopping, making these young sprouts unify to sprout, oranges and tangerines are smeared by seedling since early July
Fall the bud just sprouted, smear once within 2~5 days, smear always by the end of July, the tip is put in the unification at the beginning of August, that is, that is sprouted at the beginning of retaining August is complete
Portion's young sprout, the bud picking only carries out preventing from infecting canker in fine day.
3. the cultural method of virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the third time fertilising
To the 8th fertilising in rainy weather, add excrement and water during soil moisture less, add during antecedent soil moisture.
4. the cultural method of virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the 6th fertilising
In, the pigs and cattle excrement or barnyard manure that the calcium superphosphate becomes thoroughly decomposed with 1~2 kilogram of rapeseed cake fertilizer for becoming thoroughly decomposed or 5~15 kilograms are applied after mixing.
5. the cultural method of virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that carry out the anti-of pest and disease damage
When controlling, added in the liquid of spray and mix the micro- fertilizer or 0.3% that will not occur the 0.1%~0.2% of adverse reaction with medicament
~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate or urea etc. make foliar fertilizer.
6. the cultural method of virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the virus-free oranges and tangerines
Container seedling cultural method is made between also including reasonable arrangement treelet, and First Year is outside 70 centimetres from oranges and tangerines trunk, second after plant
Years 120 centimetres outer, the industrial crops, the industrial crops such as crop and the green manure of short bar are planted in the 3rd year place outside 200 centimetres
Including peanut, soybean, capsicum, potato, broad bean, purple English cloud；Make between stopping within 4th year, the stalk of the industrial crops after results
Applied for covered ground or as green manure.
7. the cultural method of virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that every oranges and tangerines seedling is adopted
With 60 centimetres of diameter, 80 centimetres high are woven into latticed protective fence and prevent hare from endangering with bamboo chip around stake.
8. the cultural method of virus-free oranges and tangerines container seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step 2
Material of improving the soil includes weeds, straw, branch and farm manure.
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| CN108076941A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-29 | 钟山佳欣果蔬有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving citrus survival rate |
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| CN107484614A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2017-12-19 | 博白县顿谷八胜生态农业种植专业合作社 | A kind of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bending pruning method for culturing seedlings |
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| CN108076941A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-29 | 钟山佳欣果蔬有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving citrus survival rate |
| CN110063194A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-07-30 | 世多乐(青岛)农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of the multi-level fruit setting of citrus |
| CN110063194B (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2021-05-25 | 世多乐(青岛)农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for multi-level fruit setting of citrus |
| CN110367025A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-25 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of rapid high yield and the strong disease-free container seedlings implantation methods of citrus of disease resistance |
| CN110622763A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2019-12-31 | 云南特行果业有限责任公司 | High-quality citrus planting method |
| CN111170781A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-19 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Efficient application method of citrus organic fertilizer |
| CN113099979A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-07-13 | 三明市农业科学研究院 | Method for interplanting kumquat and pepper |
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