CN110622763A - High-quality citrus planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting high-quality oranges; the method comprises the following steps: s1, early preparation: selecting a garden, a mandarin orange variety and a stock; and carrying out preparation before planting; s2, planting; s3, planting management; s4, harvesting fruits: harvesting fruits and managing branches after harvesting; can ensure that the planted oranges have better quality and high yield.

Description

High-quality citrus planting method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting high-quality oranges.

Background

Citrus subfamily of the rutaceae family of citrus is a tropical, subtropical evergreen fruit tree (except trifoliate orange), and there are 3 genera used for economic cultivation: poncirus, Citrus, and Poncirus. The citrus cultivated in China and other countries in the world is mainly citrus. The oranges are three different varieties of citrus fruits, and are easy to be confused by people due to similar shapes. Oranges are the generic names of oranges, mandarins, oranges, kumquats, pomelos, poncirs and the like, and the names of the oranges and the tangerines are very confused for a long time. The method is measured according to a scientific angle, the orange is a basic seed, the flower is small, the peel is good, and the embryo of the seed is dark green; the orange is a hybrid of oranges and other oranges such as sweet orange and the like, has large flower, the peeling of fruits is not as good as that of oranges, and the embryo of a seed is light green.

The citrus is the most important group of plants in citrus trees, and has 17 species which are divided into 6 groups: winged oranges, Yichang oranges, lemons, pomelos, oranges, and wide-skinned oranges. The citrus fruits comprise a large family of oranges, mandarins, pomelos, lemons, sweet oranges, sour oranges, kumquats, lemons and the like.

The citrus planting method in the prior art has low yield and poor citrus quality.

Disclosure of Invention

The high-quality citrus planting method provided by the invention can ensure that the planted citrus has better quality and high yield.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the planting method of the high-quality citrus comprises the following steps:

s1, early preparation: selecting a garden, a mandarin orange variety and a stock; and carrying out preparation before planting;

s2, planting: planting 11 months a year, digging a planting hole at a planting point when bare-rooted seedlings are planted, crushing soil around the hole and filling part of fine fertile soil, putting citrus seedlings into the planting hole to be righted, uniformly pointing the root system to the square, filling surface soil with proper dryness and humidity while slightly lifting the seedlings by hands, treading down, exposing the root neck out of the ground after filling the soil, planting to a depth of about 2cm away from the moist surface by a seedling grafting opening, building a tree disc with a diameter of about 0.7-1 m around the seedlings, filling sufficient root-fixing water, and covering a mulching film on the tree disc;

s3, planting management:

soil management: soil under the tree disc within 30 cm of the outer side of a water dropping line of the tree crown is kept loose, and weeds are avoided; digging a gap with the depth of 20 cm in the early winter every year in other places; deep turning and hole expanding are carried out in the late ten days of 10 months, the quantity of the holes is expanded by about 50 cm each year, and meanwhile, field weeds, organic fertilizers and commercial fertilizers are turned and buried into soil;

management of young trees: management is carried out according to the principle that one fertilizer is applied to two fertilizers and the thin application is carried out frequently, and drainage and water retention measures are well taken;

managing mature trees: fertilizing, irrigating, draining and shaping and pruning the mature trees;

flower and fruit management: performing flower and fruit control management;

and (3) pest control: preventing and treating main diseases and pests;

s4, harvesting fruits: the fruits are harvested and the branches are managed after harvesting.

Further, in step S1, garden soil is selected at pH 5.5-6.5.

Further, in step S3, applying a bud promoting fertilizer which mainly comprises a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 7-10 days before tip releasing every time; applying strong tip fertilizer when the color of the young tip leaves begins to turn green, mainly using ternary compound fertilizer, and applying fertilizer to each plant of the hillside orchard all year round: 150-200 g of urea and 160-180 g of ternary compound fertilizer in the first year; 250-300 g of urea and 250-300 g of ternary compound fertilizer in the second year; 300-400 g of urea and 400-500 g of ternary compound fertilizer in the third year, and sugar water irrigation is carried out: the sugar paste was purchased from sugar industry, fermented, mixed with water at a ratio of 1: 50 proportion, 10 kg of water is poured in each tree every year, and 1 to 3 times every year.

Further, in step S3, the fertilization method is that fertilization is performed in the first two years, mainly in shallow intertillage annular ditch fertilization or water and fertilizer spraying, shallow ditches are opened in the water dripping line of the tree crown in the third year, soil is returned after fertilization, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 2-3 times respectively before and after bud germination and during the green turning period of new shoots to promote and strengthen the shoots.

Further, in step S3, the pest control mainly includes the control of yellow dragon disease, anthracnose, red spider, yellow spider, leaf miner, and orange aphid.

Further, in step S4, harvesting when the ripeness of the fruit stored for a short period of time reaches 9-9.5; the fruits stored for a long time reach 8 to 9 percent and are harvested.

Further, cultivation management is performed after harvesting, and one-time comprehensive pruning is performed.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

according to the invention, the planting field is treated, the organic agricultural fertilizer is applied to the planting field during the treatment of the planting field, and the fertilizer application variety and the fertilizer application amount of the organic agricultural fertilizer are reasonably selected and controlled, so that the fertilizer efficiency and the environment of the planting field are effectively improved before the citrus is planted, and the optimum planting environment of the citrus can be met before the citrus is planted.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The planting method of the high-quality citrus comprises the following steps:

s1, early preparation: selecting a garden, a mandarin orange variety and a stock; and carrying out preparation before planting;

s2, planting: planting 11 months a year, digging a planting hole at a planting point when bare-rooted seedlings are planted, crushing soil around the hole and filling part of fine fertile soil, putting citrus seedlings into the planting hole to be righted, uniformly pointing the root system to the square, filling surface soil with proper dryness and humidity while slightly lifting the seedlings by hands, treading down, exposing the root neck out of the ground after filling the soil, planting to a depth of about 2cm away from the moist surface by a seedling grafting opening, building a tree disc with a diameter of about 0.7-1 m around the seedlings, filling sufficient root-fixing water, and covering a mulching film on the tree disc;

s3, planting management:

soil management: soil under the tree disc within 30 cm of the outer side of a water dropping line of the tree crown is kept loose, and weeds are avoided; digging a gap with the depth of 20 cm in the early winter every year in other places; deep turning and hole expanding are carried out in the late ten days of 10 months, the quantity of the holes is expanded by about 50 cm each year, and meanwhile, field weeds, organic fertilizers and commercial fertilizers are turned and buried into soil;

management of young trees: management is carried out according to the principle that one fertilizer is applied to two fertilizers and the thin application is carried out frequently, and drainage and water retention measures are well taken;

managing mature trees: fertilizing, irrigating, draining and shaping and pruning the mature trees;

flower and fruit management: performing flower and fruit control management;

and (3) pest control: preventing and treating main diseases and pests;

s4, harvesting fruits: the fruits are harvested and the branches are managed after harvesting.

According to the invention, the planting field is treated, the organic agricultural fertilizer is applied to the planting field during the treatment of the planting field, and the fertilizer application variety and the fertilizer application amount of the organic agricultural fertilizer are reasonably selected and controlled, so that the fertilizer efficiency and the environment of the planting field are effectively improved before the citrus is planted, and the optimum planting environment of the citrus can be met before the citrus is planted.

Example 2

On the basis of example 1, in step S1, garden soil ph5.5 is selected, and suitable acidity and alkalinity can more easily survive.

Example 3

In step S1, the garden soil is selected to have pH6.0 based on example 1, and the garden soil can be survived more easily by proper acidity and alkalinity.

Example 4

In step S1, garden soil with pH6.5 is selected based on example 1, and the soil can survive easily with proper pH.

Example 5

On the basis of the embodiment 1, in the step S3, bud promoting fertilizer is applied 7-10 days before tip releasing every time, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is taken as the main material; applying strong tip fertilizer when the color of the young tip leaves begins to turn green, mainly using ternary compound fertilizer, and applying fertilizer to each plant of the hillside orchard all year round: 150-200 g of urea and 160-180 g of ternary compound fertilizer in the first year; 250-300 g of urea and 250-300 g of ternary compound fertilizer in the second year; 300-400 g of urea and 400-500 g of ternary compound fertilizer in the third year, and sugar water irrigation is carried out: the sugar paste was purchased from sugar industry, fermented, mixed with water at a ratio of 1: 50 proportion, 10 kilograms of water is watered per tree per year, 1-3 times per year, reasonable fertilizer can be provided, and the fertilizer is more suitable for growth of fruit trees.

Example 6

On the basis of the embodiment 1, in the step S3, the sprout-promoting fertilizer is applied 9 days before the tip is put on each tip, and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used; and (3) applying a tip strengthening fertilizer when the color of the young tip leaves begins to turn green, and mainly using a ternary compound fertilizer. The fertilizing amount of each plant of the hillside orchard all the year is as follows: 180g of urea and 170g of ternary compound fertilizer in the first year; 280g of urea and 280g of ternary compound fertilizer in the second year; 350g of urea and 450g of ternary compound fertilizer in the third year can provide reasonable fertilizer, and the fertilizer is more suitable for growth of fruit trees.

Example 7

On the basis of the embodiment 1, in the step S3, the sprout-promoting fertilizer is applied 10 days before the tip is put for each time, and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used; and (3) applying a tip strengthening fertilizer when the color of the young tip leaves begins to turn green, and mainly using a ternary compound fertilizer. The fertilizing amount of each plant of the hillside orchard all the year is as follows: 200g of urea and 180g of ternary compound fertilizer in the first year; 300g of urea and 300g of ternary compound fertilizer in the second year; 400g of urea and 500g of ternary compound fertilizer in the third year can provide reasonable fertilizer, and the fertilizer is more suitable for growth of fruit trees.

Example 8

On the basis of the embodiment 1, in the step S3, the fertilization method is that the fertilization is performed in the first two years, wherein the shallow intertillage annular ditch fertilization or the water and fertilizer sprinkling fertilization is taken as the main mode, the shallow ditch is opened in the water dripping line of the tree crown in the third year, the soil is returned after the fertilization, the foliar fertilizer is respectively sprayed for 2 times before and after the bud germination and in the green turning period of the new tip so as to promote the tip and strengthen the tip, and the foliar fertilization is a supplement of nutrient absorption components of the plant so as to make up the deficiency of nutrient absorption of the root system.

Example 9

On the basis of the embodiment 1, in the step S3, the fertilization method is that the fertilization is performed in the first two years, wherein the shallow intertillage annular ditch fertilization or the water and fertilizer sprinkling fertilization is taken as the main mode, the shallow ditch is opened in the water dripping line of the tree crown in the third year, the soil is returned after the fertilization, the foliar fertilizer is respectively sprayed for 3 times before and after the bud germination and in the green turning period of the new tip so as to promote the tip and strengthen the tip, and the foliar fertilization is a supplement of nutrient absorption components of the plant so as to make up the deficiency of nutrient absorption of the root system.

Example 10

On the basis of the embodiment 1, in the step S3, the pest control mainly includes the control of yellow dragon disease, anthracnose, red spider, yellow spider, leaf miner and orange aphid, and the pest control is performed to increase the survival rate.

Example 11

On the basis of example 1, in step S4, harvesting when the fruit ripeness for short-term storage reaches 9; the fruits stored for a long time reach 8 degrees, and then the fruits are harvested, so that the fruits can be better stored conveniently.

Example 12

On the basis of example 1, cultivation management was performed after harvesting, and one-time overall pruning was performed, facilitating growth in the next year.

Example 13

Building garden

Site selection of a garden: selecting the average annual temperature of 17-22 ℃, the accumulated annual temperature of 7957 ℃, the annual precipitation of 455mm, the annual sunshine duration of 2331 h, convenient traffic, the altitude of 850-900 m, the gradient of below 25 ℃ and no pollution nearby; the soil layer is deep, the organic matter content is high, the underground water level is low, the soil PH is between 5.5 and 6.5, and the water conservancy facility condition is met.

(II) variety and rootstock selection: selecting the variety and the rootstock with stronger disease resistance and stress resistance.

(III) preparation before planting:

1. land preparation method and specification: constructing a sloping field with the gradient exceeding 10 degrees, constructing a high-gradient land with the gradient of 0.3% -0.5%, digging planting furrows and changing soil, wherein the width of the planting furrows is 80 cm, the depth of the planting furrows is 80 cm, fertilizing and returning the soil, the soil moisture management height is more than 10 cm, the soil moisture of the sloping field is raised along the contour line, and the length is determined according to the terrain.

2. Water diversion engineering: and (5) conducting water diversion to the newly-built water storage tank by using a galvanized pipe from a reservoir (4000 m).

3. Water delivery engineering: and installing a micro-spray irrigation system in the whole garden.

(IV) planting time and density: the suitable planting period of the citrus is 11 months; the planting density is 1.5 multiplied by 2.5 meters, 178 plants are planted per mu.

(V) planting method: when bare-rooted seedlings are planted, a planting hole is dug at a planting point, soil around the planting hole is crushed, part of fine fertile soil is filled, citrus seedlings are placed into the planting hole to be righted, root systems are uniformly square, surface soil with proper dry and wet degrees is filled while the seedlings are lifted upwards lightly by hands, the seedlings are stepped, after the soil is filled, root necks are exposed out of the ground, the planting depth is about 2cm away from a soil moisture surface of a seedling grafting opening, tree trays with the diameter of about 0.7-1 m are built around the seedlings, root fixing water is filled, and mulching films are covered on the tree trays.

Second, cultivation management

The method comprises the following steps of (I) soil management:

1. soil management: soil under the tree disc within 30 cm of the outer side of a water dropping line of the tree crown is kept loose, and weeds are avoided; digging a gap with the depth of 20 cm in the early winter every year in other places; deep turning and hole expanding are carried out in the late 10-month ten days, the annual outward expansion is about 50 cm, and meanwhile, field weeds, organic fertilizers and commercial fertilizers are turned and buried into soil.

2. Management of young trees:

(1) fertilizing citrus young trees: mainly based on the principle of 'one tip two fertilizer application' and repeated application of thin fertilizer. Applying a bud promoting fertilizer 7-10 days before tip placing each time, and mainly using a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer; and (3) applying a tip strengthening fertilizer when the color of the young tip leaves begins to turn green, and mainly using a ternary compound fertilizer. The fertilizing amount of each plant of the hillside orchard all the year is as follows: 150-200 g of urea and 160-180 g of ternary compound fertilizer in the first year; 250-300 g of urea and 250-300 g of ternary compound fertilizer in the second year; 300-400 g of urea in the third year and 400-500 g of ternary compound fertilizer.

The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: the first and second years of fertilization mainly comprise shallow intertillage annular ditch fertilization or water and fertilizer spraying fertilization. In the third year, shallow trenches are opened on the water dripping lines of the tree crowns, and soil is returned after fertilization. And respectively spraying foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times before and after bud germination and in the green-turning period of the new shoots to promote and strengthen the shoots.

(2) Water content management: in summer and autumn, the water accumulated in the orchard needs to be drained in time. In winter and spring, water should be sprayed in time when the trees are in drought, so as to keep the tree tray soil moist. The trees are planned to bear fruits in 3 years in the next year, and attention is paid to control moisture after autumn shoots are aged so as to inhibit late autumn shoots and promote flower bud differentiation.

4. Managing mature trees:

(1) fertilizing time: the fruiting tree is generally fertilized in 4 periods: the fertilizer is a spring fertilizer and a bud fertilizer, and is applied before and after 'spring beginning', the quick-acting fertilizer is mainly applied, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied in a matching way; and secondly, the fertilizer for the flowers and the fruits is used, and whether the fertilizer for the flowers and the fruits is applied or not is determined according to the conditions of the flower quantity, the leaf color, the tree vigor and the like of the fruit trees. Applying the fertilizer for the late period of 3 months, mainly using quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, applying the fertilizer for the fruits in the early period of the late period of 4 months, and mainly using phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer; thirdly, applying the fertilizer for promoting autumn buds to strengthen fruits 7-10 days before the fertilizer is placed on the autumn shoots, and applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a matching way; and fourthly, fertilizing after picking fruits, mainly using organic fertilizer or sheep manure, and adding a ternary compound fertilizer to promote the restoration of tree vigor and flower bud differentiation.

(2) Fertilizing amount: the fertilizing amount of the fruit trees can be realized by producing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to proportion. Calculated by 20kg of fruits, 0.4-0.5 kg of pure nitrogen is applied, and the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium are calculated according to the proportion of 1: 0.6: 0.8, applying organic fertilizer or sheep manure as main chemical fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like. The fertilizer dosage of the 4 times of fertilization respectively accounts for 15 percent, 10 percent, 15 percent and 60 percent of the total annual fertilization amount.

5. Irrigation and drainage: (1) irrigation: the citrus is sensitive to water shortage from spring bud germination to the end of fruit expansion period, irrigation needs to be carried out in time when drought occurs, the irrigation amount is determined by the size of a tree body and weather conditions, the irrigation amount of each adult tree in the dry season is not less than 60 kg every day, and the irrigation time in the high-temperature period is preferably carried out in the morning or evening. (2) Draining: the underground water level of the orchard is kept below 1 m at ordinary times, all drainage ditches are checked and dredged before a rainy season comes, drainage inspection of the orchard is enhanced in a rainy season, and measures such as ditching, drainage and the like are immediately adopted for drainage when soil water accumulation time exceeds 24 hours.

(II) shaping and trimming: the good citrus tree shape is beneficial to improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions of citrus, so that the upper and lower inner parts of the crown can be branched to obtain the fruit, the fruit volume of the crown is increased, the yield is increased, and the quality is improved.

1. The pruning is according to the principle: following the principle of short stem, two promotion, two control, three rare and three dense

Short stem: short trunk, low branch, early trial flower and early production.

Two promotion steps: promoting spring shoots and autumn shoots, and culturing fruiting mother branches. Two controls, namely controlling summer shoots and winter shoots, reduce the nutrient consumption and relieve the shoot-fruit contradiction.

Three rare and three dense: the big branches are thin and the small branches are dense; the upper part is thin and the lower part is dense; the outside is thin and the inside is dense.

Shaping: the basic requirements of shaping are that the tree form of the super-early-maturing wenzhou mandarin orange has a round head shape with an open main branch, the height of the main branch is determined to be 30-40 cm, 3 main branches with proper directions are reserved, the included angle is 120 degrees, then 3 primary branches are cultured on each main branch to form nine lateral branches with three branches of the main branch, and a result branch group is cultured on the lateral branches.

The saplings are mainly tip laying and pinching. Matching with bud picking and main branch supporting. Promoting hair growth in spring, summer, autumn and young hair. Rapidly expanding the crown and simultaneously cutting off the sprouts lotus and the overgrown branches, and reserving 8-10 leaf pinching parts for the overgrown branches.

The whole tree form is cultivated into a wave-shaped high-yield tree form with uniformly distributed branch tips, compact structure and thick green leaf layer. The production tree is put into operation according to the principle of promoting two controls, namely 'promoting spring shoots, controlling summer shoots, promoting autumn shoots and controlling winter shoots'. And (4) leaving flower branches at spring tips, thinning out the nutrition branches and preventing flowers and fruits from competing for nutrients. The summer shoots are easy to grow excessively, and are also at the peak period of the growth of the leaf miners and the orange aphids and the peak period of the growth of young fruits, and all the grass carps except the young trees are removed; autumn shoots are obtained by properly adjusting superior bearing branches in the next year to keep vigorous growth; the winter shoots have no utilization value and are completely removed.

3. Trimming:

(1) pruning saplings: in principle, the trimming is not performed, but only slightly performed in combination with the shaping, and the trimming is performed for the purpose of properly adjusting the shaping. The main task is to cultivate a good framework, accelerate the pruning of the crown to form a young tree, and cut or not cut other branches as little as possible except for short-cut pruning of the trunk, the main branch, the auxiliary main branch and the extension branches thereof according to the reserved length so as to increase the branch amount and promote the growth. The sprouts on the lower part of the trunk and the rootstock should be erased in time.

(2) Pruning a fruiting tree: three modes of thinning, retracting and chopping are mainly adopted, and the following points are mastered for pruning the knot trees:

firstly, bearing fruit trees: the first bearing fruit tree mainly grows in nutrition and secondarily grows in reproduction, the expansion of the crown is preferentially ensured, and more bearing branch groups and auxiliary nourishing branches are cultured.

② full fruit period: after the full bearing period, the bearing capacity is large, the growth amount of branches is limited, the tree crown is formed, the key point of pruning is to adjust the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, overcome the age and the age, prevent premature senility, increase the effective photosynthetic area of the tree body, ensure that the lower part and the inner chamber of the tree crown can receive sufficient illumination, reduce the number of low-function leaves caused by insufficient light, prevent weak, deficient and empty inside the tree crown and enable the tree crown to become a three-dimensional bearing. Aging trees: the pruning of the aged trees is mainly for renewal and rejuvenation, and is to comprehensively renew the branches of the aged trees once on the basis of soil improvement.

And (III) flower and fruit management:

1. controlling the flower: the citrus trees mainly expand the crown 1 to 3 years after the planting, and the citrus trees are bloomed less or not. The weak trees entering the fruiting period also need to flower less, and the measures for reducing flowering are as follows: (1) and (3) drought in autumn and winter: preventing soil from drought in 9-10 months and keeping the soil in a proper moist state. (2) And (3) increasing nitrogen fertilizer: in normal times, the dosage of phosphate fertilizer is properly reduced, and the application of nitrogen fertilizer is increased. Applying the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 1-2 times in autumn and winter. (3) Spraying a flower inhibitor: spraying gibberellin for 2-3 times in 9-10 months. (4) Erasing late autumn shoots and winter shoots: the citrus trees entering the fruiting period grow vigorously due to nutrition, the young shoots grow fast, the trees with less blossoms need to capture flowers, and the flower promoting measures are as follows: controlling water: moderate drought is kept for 9-10 months, the solar noon leaves are slightly curled, and the flowering quantity in the next year can be improved after 15-30 days. Secondly, fertilizing: increase the phosphate fertilizer and reduce the nitrogen fertilizer consumption. Third, girdling type girdling. And fourthly, branch pulling, branch hanging and branch twisting. Spraying a flower promoting agent: spraying the flower promoting agent for 2-3 times in 10-12 months, wherein the interval of each time is 15-20 days, and the flowers are more and have good quality in the next year.

2. Controlling fruits: the purpose of controlling fruit is to make citrus trees bear fruit properly, prevent years and years, delay the decline of tree bodies and achieve the purposes of high yield, stable yield and high quality. (1) Thinning fruits: the flower thinning and fruit thinning can overcome the problem of old and small citrus, reduce malformed fruits and small fruits and increase the high-quality fruit rate. (2) Fruit preservation: including reducing physiological fruit drop of young fruit, preventing fruit cracking and sunscald.

Thirdly, the prevention and cure of main diseases and insect pests

Yellow dragon disease: yellow dragon disease field symptoms: mottled yellowing: is a major symptom judged in the field; uniform yellowing: mainly, the young shoots do not turn green, and summer and autumn shoots of ponkan are more. Is a major symptom judged in the field; "red naseberry" or "Chinese olive": is to identify the primary symptom of huanglongbing; lack of etiolated etiolate: mainly yellow like zinc deficiency or manganese deficiency, and can not be used as the main symptom for field judgment.

The yellow dragon disease is transmitted by two ways of grafting: is artificially propagated by grafting the seedlings by adopting branches on the yellow dragon disease trees.

Diaphorina citri transmission: diaphorina citri is the only vector for the transmission of citrus greening disease. As long as there is no diaphorina citri in the orchard, the huanglongbing will not spread.

The control method comprises the following steps: preventing and controlling diaphorina citri, strengthening cultivation management and making the shoot take out and grow neatly. In the young tip emergence period, 2.5% of beta-cyfluthrin 2000-fold liquid or cunninghamia paniculata 2000-fold liquid or 4.5% of bifenthrin 2000-fold liquid is used for preventing and treating.

(II) anthracnose: the disease frequently occurs in 5 months, and the prevention and treatment method for harming the leaves, the column tips and the fruits comprises the following steps: 1. the cultivation management is strengthened, organic fertilizer is applied, the ventilation and light transmission of the citrus orchard are kept, the work of drought and waterlogging prevention and pest control is well done, and the resistance of the tree body is enhanced. 2. The pesticide is needed to be sprayed for prevention and control before and after 5 months in the young shoot period of spring and summer and when the fruit is nearly mature. The preparation is used for 3-4 times continuously after 10-20 days, and the preparation can be 500 times of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 800 times of liquid of carbendazim, or 500-800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder.

(III) red spider and yellow spider: the two pests mainly damage tender branches and leaves and young fruits of the citrus, and the control method comprises the following steps: 1. and natural enemies are protected and utilized. Predatory mites such as predatory mites A, predatory mites, greens, thrips, spiders and other natural enemies have large food intake and long emergence period, and have great control effect on mites. When pruning, large branches and leaves are cut off. 2. And (3) medicine prevention and treatment: firstly, cleaning the garden by using a stone-thinning mixture with the temperature of 1.5 ℃ in winter; ② in the early spring to spring tip hair extraction and early flowering period of the next year, any one of the following medicaments can be used alternately: 0.3-0.5 degree of lime sulphur, 5% of Nixoron missible oil 1500-2000 times liquid, 2500-3000 times liquid of Miscani, and 20% of formamidine aqua or amitraz emulsion 1000-2000 times liquid.

(IV) leaf miner: mainly harms the shoots in summer and autumn, commonly called as plotters.

The control method comprises the following steps: in late 7 th or early 8 th month when the length of the tip of summer and autumn is 5 cm and the tip sprouting rate reaches more than 20%, spraying the first pesticide, and then spraying the first pesticide once every 7 to 10 days for 3 to 5 times continuously, wherein the using effect of 2.5 percent deltamethrin 2500 times or 23 percent abamectin 1500 times liquid is better.

(V) orange aphid: mainly endangering young shoots and young leaves, and taking 7-8 months as the damage occurrence peak. A control method; the spraying agent is 2.5 percent of beta-cyfluthrin 2000-fold liquid or 4.5 percent of bifenthrin 2000-fold liquid, wherein any pesticide can be used.

Fourth, fruit harvesting

Cultivation management before harvesting: 1. controlling water: the soil is kept moderately dry for a period of time before harvesting, the sugar content of the fruits is improved, and the fruits are also favorably colored. The water control is moderate, and the water is moderately irrigated when severe drought occurs, so that the leaves are not curled. 2. Orchard disinfection: the bactericide is sprayed on the fruits 2-7 days before the fruits are harvested, so that the rottenness of the fruits after harvesting can be reduced, the loss can be reduced, and the bactericide can be sprayed on carbendazim, thiophanate methyl and the like. 3. Preventing fruit drop before picking: the main measures for preventing fruit drop before picking are to strengthen cultivation management, avoid water accumulation in an orchard, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, increase tree vigor management and the like; preventing the harm of fruit piercing moth and red spider, and preventing the diseases of anthracnose, etc. by spraying 70% thiophanate methyl, carbendazim or carbendazim, etc. for 1-2 times in the mature period.

(II) fruit harvesting: the harvesting period is determined according to the application of the citrus fruits, the fresh food and the juiced fruits are required to reach the inherent color, flavor and fragrance of the variety, and the citrus fruits are harvested after being fully mature. And harvesting when the maturity of the fruits stored for a short time reaches 9-9.5. The fruits stored for a long time reach 8 to 9 percent and are harvested. The harvested fruits are placed in a cool and dry place and cannot be exposed to the sun and rain. When picking fruits, the trees must be on the ground without rain or water, and the trees should be picked on sunny days or cloudy days.

(III) cultivation management after harvesting:

1. trimming and clearing the garden: the fruits are required to be completely pruned once after being harvested, and the whole winter can be carried out in areas without freezing injury in winter. When pruning, insect-infected branches, weak branches, drooping branches, over dense branches and overground branches influencing the tree form are mainly pruned, and late autumn tips and winter tips are pruned. The weak branches which are over the fruits are cut off, the strong branches which are over the fruits can be reserved, and only the residual fruit stalks are cut off. The pruned branches and leaves are cleaned out of the orchard and burned down in a centralized way. Spraying 1-1.5 Baume lime sulfur mixture for 1-2 times.

2. Brushing the tree trunk: after picking fruits, the tree trunks should be whitewashed, the tree trunks are protected, germs, pest eggs, larvae and the like on the trees on the tree trunks are killed, and meanwhile, pests are prevented from entering cracks, wounds and other parts of the tree trunks to live through the winter. The whitening agent for whitening can be prepared by itself.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. The planting method of the high-quality citrus is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, early preparation: selecting a garden, a mandarin orange variety and a stock; and carrying out preparation before planting;

s2, planting: planting 11 months a year, digging a planting hole at a planting point when bare-rooted seedlings are planted, crushing soil around the hole and filling part of fine fertile soil, putting citrus seedlings into the planting hole to be righted, uniformly pointing the root system to the square, filling surface soil with proper dryness and humidity while slightly lifting the seedlings by hands, treading down, exposing the root neck out of the ground after filling the soil, planting to a depth of about 2cm away from the moist surface by a seedling grafting opening, building a tree disc with a diameter of about 0.7-1 m around the seedlings, filling sufficient root-fixing water, and covering a mulching film on the tree disc;

s3, planting management:

soil management: soil under the tree disc within 30 cm of the outer side of a water dropping line of the tree crown is kept loose, and weeds are avoided; digging a gap with the depth of 20 cm in the early winter every year in other places; deep turning and hole expanding are carried out in the late ten days of 10 months, the quantity of the holes is expanded by about 50 cm each year, and meanwhile, field weeds, organic fertilizers and commercial fertilizers are turned and buried into soil;

management of young trees: management is carried out according to the principle that one fertilizer is applied to two fertilizers and the thin application is carried out frequently, and drainage and water retention measures are well taken;

managing mature trees: fertilizing, irrigating, draining and shaping and pruning the mature trees;

flower and fruit management: performing flower and fruit control management;

and (3) pest control: preventing and treating main diseases and pests;

s4, harvesting fruits: the fruits are harvested and the branches are managed after harvesting.

2. A method of growing high quality citrus fruit according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, garden soil pH5.5-6.5 is selected.

3. A method of growing high quality citrus fruit according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, applying a bud promoting fertilizer which mainly comprises a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 7-10 days before tip placing each time; applying strong tip fertilizer when the color of the young tip leaves begins to turn green, mainly using ternary compound fertilizer, and applying fertilizer to each plant of the hillside orchard all year round: 150-200 g of urea and 160-180 g of ternary compound fertilizer in the first year; 250-300 g of urea and 250-300 g of ternary compound fertilizer in the second year; 300-400 g of urea and 400-500 g of ternary compound fertilizer in the third year, and sugar water irrigation is carried out: the sugar paste was purchased from sugar industry, fermented, mixed with water at a ratio of 1: 50 proportion, 10 kg of water is poured in each tree every year, and 1 to 3 times every year.

4. A method of growing high quality citrus fruit according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the fertilization method is that the fertilization is carried out in the first two years by mainly applying shallow intertillage annular ditch or spraying water and fertilizer, the shallow ditch is opened in the tree crown water dripping line in the third year, the soil is returned after the fertilization, and foliar fertilizer is respectively sprayed for 2-3 times before and after the bud germinates and in the green turning period of the new shoots to promote and strengthen the shoots.

5. A method of growing high quality citrus fruit according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the pest control mainly includes the control of yellow dragon disease, anthracnose, red spider, yellow spider, leaf miner, and orange aphid.

6. A method of growing high quality citrus fruit according to claim 1, wherein: harvesting when the ripeness of the short-term stored fruit reaches 9-9.5 in step S4; the fruits stored for a long time reach 8 to 9 percent and are harvested.

7. A method of growing high quality citrus fruit according to claim 6, wherein: and carrying out cultivation management after harvesting, and carrying out comprehensive pruning once.