CN106616939A - 一种大球盖菇豆粉及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种大球盖菇豆粉及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106616939A CN106616939A CN201611151642.7A CN201611151642A CN106616939A CN 106616939 A CN106616939 A CN 106616939A CN 201611151642 A CN201611151642 A CN 201611151642A CN 106616939 A CN106616939 A CN 106616939A
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- stropharia rugoso
- annulata
- bean
- annulate
- vitamin
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Abstract
本发明属农产品深加工技术领域，为使大球盖菇资源寻求一条新的深加工途径，尽量保持大球盖菇的营养成分不被流失，使豆粉营养更加全面丰富，提供了一种大球盖菇豆粉及制备方法。由豆渣、豆粕、大球盖菇、钙盐、维生素B1、维生素B2、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸镁、硫酸锌、水和糖制成；制备大球盖菇液体菌种；配制大球盖菇培养基；培养大球盖菇；制备大球盖菇豆粉。提高了豆渣和豆粕的附加值。变废为宝，保证了纯正口感和风味、没有异味。节约能源和成本。扩大了豆粉的适用人群；提高其营养利用率。溶解性、润湿性和分散性都有所提升。避免酶制剂水解大豆蛋白产生的苦味；提高豆粉的品质，有效的补充人体营养，提升食用者的免疫力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农产品深加工技术领域，具体涉及一种大球盖菇豆粉及制备方法。
背景技术
大球盖菇又名皱环球盖菇、皱球盖菇、酒红球盖菇，是国际菇类交易市场上的十大菇类之一，也是联合国粮农组织（FAO）向发展中国家推荐栽培的蕈菌之一。
大球盖菇也是我国近几年来刚刚兴起的一株璀璨的食用菌新秀。其菇体色泽艳丽，腿粗盖肥，食味清香，肉质滑嫩柄爽脆，营养丰富，口感极好，食后让人们记忆犹新。干菇香味浓郁，富含相当高的蛋白质和对人体有益的多种矿物质元素及维生素，能治疗或改善人体多种疾病之功效，堪称是色鲜味美，具有“素中之荤”的全价营养保健食品。大球盖菇是集香菇、蘑菇、草菇三者于一身的美味食品。大球盖菇还具有预防冠心病、助消化、疏解人体精神疲劳之功效，在国内外市场很畅销，尤其是美国纽约、洛杉机、芝加哥等大都市的超市，更是供不应求，出尽了风头，成了抢手货。
大球盖富含蛋白质、多糖、矿质元素、维生素等生物活性物质，氨基酸含量达17种，人体必需氨基酸齐全。大球盖菇子实体粗蛋白含量为25.75%，粗脂肪为2.19%，粗纤维为7.99%，碳水化合物68.23%，氨基酸总量为16.72%，E/E+N及E/N比值分别为39.11%和0.64。矿质元素中磷和钾含量较高，分别为3.48%和0.82%。生物活性物质中的总黄酮、总皂甙及酚类的含量均大于0.1%，牛磺酸和Vc含量分别为81.5和53.1mg/100g。
大球盖菇对小白鼠S-180肉瘤和艾氏腹水癌的抑制率高达70%。大球盖菇干品中含灰分11.4%，碳水化合物32.73%，蛋白质25.81%，脂类2.60%。无机元素中磷含量最多，100g干品中约含磷1204.65mg，之后依次为钙98.34mg，铁32.51mg，猛10.45mg，铜8.63mg，砷5.42mg，钴0.38mg。还含丰富的葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、核糖和乳糖。总氮中72.45%为蛋白氮，27.55%为非蛋白氮。蛋白质中42.80%为清蛋白和球蛋白。除此之外，还含有多种维生素，如100g干品大球盖菇中含烟酸51.38mg，核黄素3.88mg，硫胺素0.51mg，维生素B6 0.42mg，维生素B1 20.41mg。大球盖菇含胆碱、甜菜碱、组胺、鸟嘌呤、胍和乙醇胺等多种生物胺，其中组胺、乙醇胺和胆碱含量较高。
大球盖菇产量高，售价高，经济效益十分可观。但其鲜品保存时间短，不易贮藏，如不及时处理将会造成巨大损失，为了保证经济效益不受损失，目前大球盖菇主要是通过盐渍加工及干品加工技术保存。但这种加工方法不利于直接食用，在进行终端加工或食用时，必须将食盐降低到一定浓度后方可进行加工食用。这个过程会造成水、热、营养物质的浪费，环境污染。而运用微波真空干燥加工技术对环境的影响较小，有利于环境保护，节约资源，减少营养物质流失。
大豆营养全面，含量丰富，其中蛋白质的含量比猪肉高2倍，是鸡蛋含量的2.5倍。蛋白质的含量不仅高，而且质量好。大豆蛋白质的氨基酸组成和动物蛋白质近似，其中氨基酸比较接近人体需要的比值，所以容易被消化吸收。大豆脂肪也具有很高的营养价值，这种脂肪里含有很多不饱和脂肪酸，容易被人体消化吸收。而且大豆脂肪可以阻止胆固醇的吸收，所以大豆对于动脉硬化患者来说，是一种理想的营养品。豆渣中的膳食纤维对促进良好的消化和排泄固体废物有着举足轻重的作用。适量地补充纤维素，可使肠道中的食物增大变软，促进肠道蠕动，从而加快了排便速度，防止便秘和降低肠癌的风险。 同时，膳食纤维具有明显的降低血浆胆固醇、调节胃肠功能及胰岛素水平等功能。大豆粕是大豆用低温（40-60℃）浸提法提取油脂后的残粕副产品，呈粗粉状。因没有受到温度，大豆的抗胰蛋白酶、脲酶、血球凝集素、皂素、甲状腺肿诱发因子 不会被破坏。大豆饼粕是使用最广、用量最多的植物性蛋白质原料。
豆粉是把大豆经烘烤和粉碎而制成的食品。 由于加热和粉碎可以改善香味，也可提高消化率，所以豆粉是营养价值很高的食品。豆粉能够防治高血压：豆浆中所含的豆固醇和钾、镁，是有力的抗盐钠物质。钠是高血压发生和复发的主要根源之一，如果体内能适当控制钠的数量，既能防治高血压，又能治疗高血压。豆浆中所含的豆固醇和钾、镁、钙能加强心机血管的兴奋，改善心机营养，降低胆固醇，促进血流防止血管痉挛。如果能坚持每天喝一碗豆浆，冠心病的复发率可降低50%。豆浆中所含的镁、钙元素，能明显地降低脑血脂，改善脑血流，从而有效的防止脑梗塞、脑出血的发生。豆浆中所含的卵磷脂，还能减少脑细胞死亡，提高脑功能。豆浆中的蛋白质和硒、钼等都有很强的抑癌和治癌能力，特别对胃癌、肠癌、乳腺癌有特效。据调查不喝豆浆的人发生癌症的概率要比常喝豆浆的人提高50%。豆浆所含的麦氨酸又防止支气管炎平滑肌痉挛的作用，从而减少和减轻支气管炎的发作。豆浆中所含的硒、维生素E、C，有很大的抗氧化功能，能使人体的细胞“返老还童”，特别对脑细胞作用最大。防止老年滞呆、艾滋病、便秘、肥胖等。
发明内容
本发明为了使大球盖菇资源寻求一条新的深加工途径，尽量保持大球盖菇的营养成分不被流失，另外使豆粉营养更加全面丰富，提供了一种大球盖菇豆粉及制备方法。
本发明由如下技术方案实现的：一种大球盖菇豆粉，由豆渣、豆粕、大球盖菇、钙盐、维生素B1、维生素B2、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸镁、硫酸锌、水和糖制成；其中糖为蔗糖、葡萄糖或木糖醇；所述大球盖菇豆粉按以下步骤制备：
（1）制备大球盖菇液体菌种：大球盖菇液体培养基的处理：常规PDA培养基中加入磷酸二氢钾2g，硫酸镁1.5g，硫酸锌0.3-0.5g，维生素B1 0.05g，维生素B20.05g，120-125℃灭菌30-40min；大球盖菇接种于处理好的液体培养基中，25-28℃培养10-15天，待菌丝体片段的浓度为10～103个/ml时取出备用；
（2）配制大球盖菇培养基：将豆渣10-20份、豆粕10-20份、钙盐0.5-1.5份、维生素B10.05-0.1份、维生素B2 0.05-0.1份、磷酸二氢钾0.05-0.5份、硫酸镁0.05-0.1份、硫酸锌0.05-0.1份、糖1-5份和水500ml混合均匀，然后将其装入食用菌培养袋，120-125℃灭菌30-40min，制备成大球盖菇培养基；
（3）培养大球盖菇：将步骤（1）中培养好的大球盖菇菌丝体片段接种入灭菌好的大球盖菇培养基中，25-30℃培养20-30天，待菌丝体长满整个培养袋后取出；
（4）制备大球盖菇豆粉：将获得的大球盖菇菌丝体连同培养基一起粉碎成200-300目后干燥，即得大球盖菇豆粉。
所述钙盐为乳酸钙或磷酸钙。步骤（2）中的大球盖菇培养基在100-120℃条件下灭菌30-60min或者128-140℃灭菌20-30min；然后冷却至20 -30℃。
本发明以豆渣、豆粕为原料培养大球盖菇，生产大球盖菇豆粉，提高了豆渣和豆粕的附加值。本发明大球盖菇豆粉的制备方法利用豆渣和豆粕发酵培养大球盖菇，不但变废为宝，降低了生产成本，还因豆渣中不曾添加玉米粉、土豆浸提物和酵母膏，保证了最终产品大球盖菇豆粉的纯正口感和风味、没有异味。本发明大球盖菇豆粉的制备方法中直接利用大球盖菇菌丝体和培养基粉碎，省去了分离等工艺，大幅节约了能源和成本。
本发明大球盖菇豆粉的制备方法步骤四中进行破碎，既可以将豆渣中未被分解利用的豆渣粉碎，又能够破碎食用菌，释放食用菌的代谢产物和胞内酶。这些被释放出来的胞内酶包括蛋白酶等，能够对大豆蛋白进行适度水解，使得终产品大球盖菇豆粉中蛋白分子量小，可以被婴幼儿直接吸收和利用，扩大了豆粉的适用人群；而且小分子量蛋白更易被人体吸收，提高其营养利用率。由于大球盖菇的分解，改变了豆粉成分的分子结构，使得本发明制备的大球盖菇豆粉的溶解性、润湿性和分散性都有所提升。
本发明不采用生物酶制剂，能有效的节约成本，并且避免酶制剂水解大豆蛋白产生的苦味；而且使用大球盖菇发酵豆渣进行生物转化，提高了豆渣和豆粕的生物利用率，还将大球盖菇菌丝体内所包含的多糖等成分融入豆粉中，提高了豆粉的品质，能有效的补充人体营养，提升食用者的免疫力。
具体实施方式
本发明技术方案不局限于以下所列举具体实施方式，还包括各具体实施方式间的任意组合。
实施例1：一种大球盖菇豆粉，由豆渣、豆粕、大球盖菇、钙盐、维生素B1、维生素B2、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸镁、硫酸锌、水和糖制成；其中糖为蔗糖；所述大球盖菇豆粉按以下步骤制备：
（1）制备大球盖菇液体菌种：大球盖菇液体培养基的处理：常规PDA培养基中加入磷酸二氢钾2g，硫酸镁1.5g，硫酸锌0.3g，维生素B1 0.05g，维生素B20.05g，120℃灭菌40min；大球盖菇接种于处理好的液体培养基中，25℃培养10天，待菌丝体片段的浓度为10～103个/ml时取出备用；
（2）配制大球盖菇培养基：将豆渣10g、豆粕15g、钙盐0.5g、维生素B1 0.05g、维生素B20.05g、磷酸二氢钾0.05g、硫酸镁0.05g、硫酸锌0.05g、蔗糖1g和水500ml混合均匀，然后将其装入食用菌培养袋，120℃灭菌40min，制备成大球盖菇培养基；
（3）大球盖菇的培养：将步骤（1）中培养好的大球盖菇菌丝体片段接种入灭菌好的大球盖菇培养基中，25℃培养30天，待菌丝体长满整个培养袋后取出；
（4）制备大球盖菇豆粉：将获得的大球盖菇菌丝体连同培养基一起粉碎成200-300目后干燥，即得大球盖菇豆粉。
所述钙盐为乳酸钙。步骤（2）中的大球盖菇培养基在110℃条件下灭菌60min；然后冷却至20℃。
实施例2：一种大球盖菇豆粉，由豆渣、豆粕、大球盖菇、钙盐、维生素B1、维生素B2、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸镁、硫酸锌、水和糖制成；其中糖为葡萄糖；所述大球盖菇豆粉按以下步骤制备：
（1）大球盖菇菌种的制备：大球盖菇液体培养基的处理：常规PDA培养基中加入磷酸二氢钾2g，硫酸镁1.5g，硫酸锌0.4g，维生素B1 0.05g，维生素B20.05g，123℃灭菌35min；大球盖菇接种于处理好的液体培养基中，26℃培养12天，待菌丝体片段的浓度为10～103个/ml时取出备用；
（2）配制大球盖菇培养基：将豆渣15g、豆粕10g、钙盐0.8g、维生素B1 0.08g、维生素B20.058g、磷酸二氢钾0.08g、硫酸镁0.08g、硫酸锌0.08g、葡萄糖3g和水500ml混合均匀，然后将其装入食用菌培养袋，123℃灭菌35min，制备成大球盖菇培养基；
（3）大球盖菇的培养：将步骤（1）中培养好的大球盖菇菌丝体片段接种入灭菌好的大球盖菇培养基中， 30℃培养20天，待菌丝体长满整个培养袋后取出；
（4）制备大球盖菇豆粉：将获得的大球盖菇菌丝体连同培养基一起粉碎成200-300目后干燥，即得大球盖菇豆粉。
所述钙盐为磷酸钙。步骤（2）中的大球盖菇培养基在120℃条件下灭菌40min；然后冷却至25℃。
实施例3：一种大球盖菇豆粉，由豆渣、豆粕、大球盖菇、钙盐、维生素B1、维生素B2、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸镁、硫酸锌、水和糖制成；其中糖为木糖醇；所述大球盖菇豆粉按以下步骤制备：
（1）大球盖菇菌种的制备：大球盖菇液体培养基的处理：常规PDA培养基中加入磷酸二氢钾2g，硫酸镁1.5g，硫酸锌0.5g，维生素B1 0.05g，维生素B20.05g， 125℃灭菌30min；大球盖菇接种于处理好的液体培养基中， 28℃培养10天，待菌丝体片段的浓度为10～103个/ml时取出备用；
（2）配制大球盖菇培养基：将豆渣20g、豆粕20g、钙盐1.5g、维生素B1 0.1g、维生素B20.1g、磷酸二氢钾0.5g、硫酸镁0.1g、硫酸锌0.1g、木糖醇5g和水500ml混合均匀，然后将其装入食用菌培养袋，125℃灭菌30min，制备成大球盖菇培养基；
（3）大球盖菇的培养：将步骤（1）中培养好的大球盖菇菌丝体片段接种入灭菌好的大球盖菇培养基中，30℃培养20天，待菌丝体长满整个培养袋后取出；
（4）制备大球盖菇豆粉：将获得的大球盖菇菌丝体连同培养基一起粉碎成200-300目后干燥，即得大球盖菇豆粉。
所述钙盐为乳酸钙。步骤（2）中的大球盖菇培养基在115℃灭菌50min；然后冷却至30℃。
实施例4：一种大球盖菇豆粉，由豆渣、豆粕、大球盖菇、钙盐、维生素B1、维生素B2、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸镁、硫酸锌、水和糖制成；其中糖为蔗糖；所述大球盖菇豆粉按以下步骤制备：
（1）大球盖菇菌种的制备：大球盖菇液体培养基的处理：常规PDA培养基中加入磷酸二氢钾2g，硫酸镁1.5g，硫酸锌0.3g，维生素B1 0.05g，维生素B20.05g，122℃灭菌38min；大球盖菇接种于处理好的液体培养基中，27℃培养13天，待菌丝体片段的浓度为10～103个/ml时取出备用；
（2）配制大球盖菇培养基：将豆渣10g、豆粕18g、钙盐1.2g、维生素B1 0.07g、维生素B20.1g、磷酸二氢钾0.05g、硫酸镁0.06g、硫酸锌 0.1g、蔗糖4g和水500ml混合均匀，然后将其装入食用菌培养袋，125℃灭菌30min，制备成大球盖菇培养基；
（3）大球盖菇的培养：将步骤（1）中培养好的大球盖菇菌丝体片段接种入灭菌好的大球盖菇培养基中，28℃培养28天，待菌丝体长满整个培养袋后取出；
（4）制备大球盖菇豆粉：将获得的大球盖菇菌丝体连同培养基一起粉碎成200-300目后干燥，即得大球盖菇豆粉。
所述钙盐为磷酸钙。步骤（2）中的大球盖菇培养基在128℃灭菌30min；然后冷却至27℃。
实施例5：一种大球盖菇豆粉，由豆渣、豆粕、大球盖菇、钙盐、维生素B1、维生素B2、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸镁、硫酸锌、水和糖制成；其中糖为葡萄糖；所述大球盖菇豆粉的制备方法同实施例1所述方法，步骤（2）中的大球盖菇培养基在135℃灭菌25min；然后冷却至22℃。
实施例6：一种大球盖菇豆粉，由豆渣、豆粕、大球盖菇、钙盐、维生素B1、维生素B2、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸镁、硫酸锌、水和糖制成；其中糖为木糖醇；所述大球盖菇豆粉的制备方法同实施例3所述方法，步骤（2）中的大球盖菇培养基在140℃灭菌20min；然后冷却至20℃。
Claims (3)
1.一种大球盖菇豆粉，其特征在于：由豆渣、豆粕、大球盖菇、钙盐、维生素B1、维生素B2、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸镁、硫酸锌、水和糖制成；其中糖为蔗糖、葡萄糖或木糖醇；所述大球盖菇豆粉按以下步骤制备：
（1）制备大球盖菇液体菌种：大球盖菇液体培养基的处理：常规PDA培养基中加入磷酸二氢钾2g，硫酸镁1.5g，硫酸锌0.3-0.5g，维生素B1 0.05g，维生素B20.05g，120-125℃灭菌30-40min；大球盖菇接种于处理好的液体培养基中，25-28℃培养10-15天，待菌丝体片段的浓度为10～103个/ml时取出备用；
（2）配制大球盖菇培养基：将豆渣10-20份、豆粕10-20份、钙盐0.5-1.5份、维生素B10.05-0.1份、维生素B2 0.05-0.1份、磷酸二氢钾0.05-0.5份、硫酸镁0.05-0.1份、硫酸锌0.05-0.1份、糖1-5份和水500ml混合均匀，然后将其装入食用菌培养袋，灭菌制备成大球盖菇培养基；
（3）培养大球盖菇：将步骤（1）中培养好的大球盖菇菌丝体片段接种入灭菌好的大球盖菇培养基中，25-30℃培养20-30天，待菌丝体长满整个培养袋后取出；
（4）制备大球盖菇豆粉：将获得的大球盖菇菌丝体连同培养基一起粉碎成200-300目后干燥，即得大球盖菇豆粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种大球盖菇豆粉，其特征在于：所述钙盐为乳酸钙或磷酸钙。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种大球盖菇豆粉，其特征在于：步骤（2）中的大球盖菇培养基在110-120℃条件下灭菌40-60min或者128-140℃灭菌20-30min；然后冷却至20 -30℃。
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Application publication date: 20170510 |