CN106613597A - Cultivating method of lowbush blueberries - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivating method of lowbush blueberries, and belongs to the field of fruit farming. The cultivating method includes the steps of blueberry seedling transplanting, water-fertilizer management, garden field weeding, pest and disease controlling, fruit harvesting and blueberry fruit obtaining. The cultivating method has the advantages of being simple, convenient, easy to apply, low in planting process cost, good in planting effect and the like; high-quality blueberry trees can be planted, the average weight of final fruits ranges from 2.0 g to 2.5 g, the largest weight is 5 g, the edible rate is 100%, a sweet-sour dense effect and clear and pleasant fragrance are achieved, and the final fruits are good fresh-eating fruits; the fruits are rich in nutrient elements such as protein, dietary fibers, fat and vitamins, and are also rich in mineral microelements such as calcium, iron, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, the proportions of the mineral elements are obviously higher than the proportions in other fruits, the fruits have the functions of preventing cranial nerve aging, protecting eyesight, strengthening the heart, resisting to cancer, softening blood vessels, enhancing human body immunity and the like, and the content of nutrient ingredients is high.

Description

A kind of cultural method of short clump blueberry

Technical field

The invention belongs to field of fruit tree cultivation, more particularly to a kind of cultural method of short clump blueberry.

Background technology

Blueberry belongs to Ericaceae cowberry platymiscium, perennial shrub small berries fruit tree, the flower of blueberry is raceme, the side life of inflorescence major part, basidixed sometimes, the bud of blueberry it is general it is raw at the top of branch, spring bud arrives full-bloom stage after first sprouting 3～4 weeks, after flower bud germination, leaf bud starts growth, to leaf bud ability germination and growth during full-bloom stage to its due length；Fruit is in blueness, and color and luster is beautiful, and blue by 1 layer of white fruit powder parcel, pulp is fine and smooth, seed is minimum, and fruit averagely weighs 0.5～2.5g, maximum weight 5g, and edible rate is 100%, sweet and sour palatability, and with fragrant refreshing pleasant fragrance, to eat good merchantable brand raw.The kind of blueberry has：Short clump, half Gao Cong, Gao Cong（It is divided into Nan Gaocong and north Gao Cong again）, lagophthalmos etc..Blueberry is a kind of very high fruit of nutritive value，Pulp is rich in abundant vitamin、The nutrient such as protein and mineral matter，Unique precious anthocyanin pigments proportion in many fruit is unusual height wherein in blueberry，Rich in protein is rich in blueberry、Dietary fiber、Fat、The nutrients such as vitamin，Also include abundant calcium、Iron、Phosphorus、Potassium、The trace quantity mineral substance elements such as zinc，The presence ratio of these mineral elements is apparently higher than other fruit，With preventing cranial nerve aging、Protection eyesight、Cardiac stimulant、Anticancer、Softening blood vessel、Strengthen the functions such as human organism's immunity，Nutrient content is high，Wherein，Because blueberry is rich in anthocyanidin，With activation retina effect，Eyesight can be strengthened，Prevent eyeball fatigue and enjoy and gaze at，Clinical medicine report is displayed that，Anthocyanidin in blueberry can promote the visual purple in retina cell to regenerate，Pre- myopia prevention，Promote eyesight，Blueberry is also one of five big health fruit that the World Food Programme is recommended.Plantation blueberry can be with potted plant, can also ground plant, whether potted plant or ground is planted, blueberry needs just to be grown up healthy and sound in acid medium, the pH value of cultivated soil is best suitable for blueberry growth between 4～5, blueberry also needs to store up cold, and reaching normally to yield positive results the low temperature of one section of 7.2 DEG C of ＜ is generally required, and the concrete time is different regarding kind difference；Blueberry is less demanding to fertilizer, and fertilizer is too high to injure on the contrary it, there is a certain amount of leaf mould in soil, and the growth needs of blueberry can be just met substantially, and growth period needs for topdressing in right amount.

The content of the invention

Present invention mainly solves problem be to provide a kind of cultural method of short clump blueberry, the method Jing practice test works well.

A kind of cultural method of short clump blueberry, is characterized in that being made up of following steps：

（1）Blueberry transplantation of seedlings：After the topsoil machinery of garden 15-20cm is taken away, level land, gutter is dug, then according to the seeding row spacing of planning, does baffle plate and make material with control root container discrete piece, high 45-55cm is made on the spot, the field planting groove of wide 45-55cm, proportionally by table soil and turfy soil, organic matter, fertilizer and Cosan etc. with mechanical mixture it is good after fill out and return in field planting groove, then planting stock, main points are：A, full garden must open smooth gutter, to avoid the excessively complete works of garden of rainfall from crossing water or ponding；B, high ridge cultivation must be played, the height on ridge will reach 45-55cm, width 95-105cm, and note arranging draining secret tunnel in the bottom of planting pit；C, the soil improved must reach loose, ventilative and well-drained requirement.

(2) water and fertilizer management：Blueberry Root Distribution is shallow, happiness moistening, need to pour water in time, and pour water is carried out by the order of 3 light waters, 1 sour water, and sour water is that pH value is adjusted to into 4.5～5.5 or so with sulfuric acid when pouring water to fill again；

Fertilising：Manure use and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, the ratio of potash fertilizer three are advisable with 1: 1: 1, and byfurrow method, depth can be used to be advisable with 10～15cm, and fertilising is carried out before early spring rudiment, also can again be applied 1 time in the berry turn ripe phase, and dose applies 500-600 kilogram for mu.

(3) weeding：Blueberry garden weeding is the important ring in blueberry garden management, and chemical weed control is widely used in blueberry cultivation, especially short clump blueberry, herbicide must be used, herbicide is sprayed using artificial spraying and machinery, when spraying, shower nozzle is forced down, ground is sprayed on, avoids being sprayed onto in tree body as far as possible.

(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Cause blueberry disease has fungal disease, bacterial disease and nematode etc., but less generation, once occur in order to the natural sex for ensureing Blueberry need to take the method for physics to dispose.

(5) fruit harvesting：General harvesting needs lasting 20-30 days, generally per week to adopt 1 time, manually to pluck when fruit is eaten raw, and the fruit for processing can use mechanical harvesting.

The present invention further technical scheme be：

Step（4）Described physical method refers to the method beyond spraying insecticide.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：There is provided a kind of cultural method of short clump blueberry, the method has simple and easy to do, planting process is with low cost, the series of advantages such as planting effect is good, can plant out high-quality blueberry fruit tree, final fruit averagely weighs 2.0～2.5g, maximum weight 5g, edible rate is 100%, sweet and sour palatability, and with fragrant refreshing pleasant fragrance, to eat good merchantable brand raw.

Specific embodiment：

Embodiment 1

Transplant：After the topsoil machinery of garden 15cm is taken away, level land, gutter is dug, then according to the seeding row spacing of planning, does baffle plate and make material with control root container discrete piece, high 45cm is made on the spot, the field planting groove of wide 45cm, proportionally by table soil and turfy soil, organic matter, fertilizer and Cosan etc. with mechanical mixture it is good after fill out and return in field planting groove, then planting stock, main points are：A, full garden must open smooth gutter, to avoid the excessively complete works of garden of rainfall from crossing water or ponding；B, high ridge cultivation must be played, the height on ridge will reach 45cm, width 95cm, and note arranging draining secret tunnel in the bottom of planting pit；C, the soil improved must reach loose, ventilative and well-drained requirement.Water and fertilizer management：Blueberry Root Distribution is shallow, happiness moistening, need to pour water in time, and pour water is carried out by the order of 3 light waters, 1 sour water, and sour water is that pH value is adjusted to into 4.5 or so with sulfuric acid when pouring water to fill again；Fertilising：Manure use and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, the ratio of potash fertilizer three are advisable with 1: 1: 1, and byfurrow method, depth can be used to be advisable with 10cm, and fertilising is carried out before early spring rudiment, also can again be applied 1 time in the berry turn ripe phase, and dose applies 500 kilograms for mu.Weeding：Blueberry garden weeding is the important ring in blueberry garden management, and chemical weed control is widely used in blueberry cultivation, especially short clump blueberry, herbicide must be used, herbicide is sprayed using artificial spraying and machinery, when spraying, shower nozzle is forced down, ground is sprayed on, avoids being sprayed onto in tree body as far as possible.The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Cause blueberry disease has fungal disease, bacterial disease and nematode etc., but less generation, once occur in order to the natural sex for ensureing blueberry fruit tree need to take the method for physics to dispose.Harvesting：General harvesting needs lasting 20 days, generally per week to adopt 1 time, manually to pluck when fruit is eaten raw, for processing available mechanical harvesting.

Embodiment 2

Transplant：After the topsoil machinery of garden 20cm is taken away, level land, gutter is dug, then according to the seeding row spacing of planning, does baffle plate and make material with control root container discrete piece, high 55cm is made on the spot, the field planting groove of wide 55cm, proportionally by table soil and turfy soil, organic matter, fertilizer and Cosan etc. with mechanical mixture it is good after fill out and return in field planting groove, then planting stock, main points are：A, full garden must open smooth gutter, to avoid the excessively complete works of garden of rainfall from crossing water or ponding；B, high ridge cultivation must be played, the height on ridge will reach 55cm, width 105cm, and note arranging draining secret tunnel in the bottom of planting pit；C, the soil improved must reach loose, ventilative and well-drained requirement.Water and fertilizer management：Blueberry Root Distribution is shallow, happiness moistening, need to pour water in time, and pour water is carried out by the order of 3 light waters, 1 sour water, and sour water is that pH value is adjusted to into 5.5 or so with sulfuric acid when pouring water to fill again；Fertilising：Manure use and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, the ratio of potash fertilizer three are advisable with 1: 1: 1, and byfurrow method, depth can be used to be advisable with 15cm, and fertilising is carried out before early spring rudiment, also can again be applied 1 time in the berry turn ripe phase, and dose applies 600 kilograms for mu.Weeding：Blueberry garden weeding is the important ring in blueberry garden management, and chemical weed control is widely used in blueberry cultivation, especially short clump blueberry, herbicide must be used, herbicide is sprayed using artificial spraying and machinery, when spraying, shower nozzle is forced down, ground is sprayed on, avoids being sprayed onto in tree body as far as possible.The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Cause blueberry disease has fungal disease, bacterial disease and nematode etc., but less generation, once occur in order to the natural sex for ensureing blueberry fruit tree need to take the method for physics to dispose.Harvesting：General harvesting needs lasting 30 days, generally per week to adopt 1 time, manually to pluck when fruit is eaten raw, for processing available mechanical harvesting.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of cultural method of short clump blueberry, its feature is made up of following steps：Including blueberry transplantation of seedlings, water and fertilizer management, field weeding, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, fruit harvesting.

2. a kind of cultural method of short clump blueberry as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：After described blueberry transplantation of seedlings includes taking away the topsoil machinery of garden 15-20cm, level land, gutter is dug, then according to the seeding row spacing of planning, does baffle plate and make material with control root container discrete piece, high 45-55cm is made on the spot, the field planting groove of wide 45-55cm, proportionally by table soil and turfy soil, organic matter, fertilizer and Cosan etc. with mechanical mixture it is good after fill out and return in field planting groove, then planting stock, main points are：A, full garden must open smooth gutter, to avoid the excessively complete works of garden of rainfall from crossing water or ponding；B, high ridge cultivation must be played, the height on ridge will reach 45-55cm, width 95-105cm, and note arranging draining secret tunnel in the bottom of planting pit；C, the soil improved must reach loose, ventilative and well-drained requirement.

3. a kind of cultural method of short clump blueberry as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described water and fertilizer management need to pour water in time including blueberry field, and pour water is carried out by the order of 3 light waters, 1 sour water, and sour water is that pH value is adjusted to into 4.5～5.5 or so with sulfuric acid when pouring water to fill again；Fertilising：Manure use and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, the ratio of potash fertilizer three are advisable with 1: 1: 1, and byfurrow method, depth can be used to be advisable with 10～15cm, and fertilising is carried out before early spring rudiment, also can again be applied 1 time in the berry turn ripe phase, and dose applies 500-600 kilogram for mu.

4. a kind of cultural method of short clump blueberry as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described weeding technique is：Blueberry garden weeding is the important ring in blueberry garden management, chemical weed control is widely used in blueberry cultivation, especially short clump blueberry, herbicide must be used, herbicide is sprayed using artificial spraying and machinery, when spraying, force down shower nozzle, ground is sprayed on, avoids being sprayed onto in tree body as far as possible, the soil improved must reach loose, ventilative and well-drained requirement.

5. a kind of cultural method of short clump blueberry as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The technique of the described prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control be cause blueberry disease have fungal disease, bacterial disease and nematode etc., but less generation, once occur in order to the natural sex for ensureing Blueberry need to take the method for physics to dispose.

6. a kind of cultural method of short clump blueberry as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：The method of described physics refers to the method beyond spraying insecticide.

7. a kind of cultural method of short clump blueberry as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described fruit harvesting technique is that general harvesting needs lasting 20-30 days, generally per week to adopt 1 time, manually to be plucked when fruit is eaten raw, and the fruit for processing can use mechanical harvesting.