CN106536782A - 用于制造具有改进的强度和延展性的高强度经涂覆的钢板的方法以及获得的板 - Google Patents

用于制造具有改进的强度和延展性的高强度经涂覆的钢板的方法以及获得的板 Download PDF

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CN106536782A
CN106536782A CN201580035686.0A CN201580035686A CN106536782A CN 106536782 A CN106536782 A CN 106536782A CN 201580035686 A CN201580035686 A CN 201580035686A CN 106536782 A CN106536782 A CN 106536782A
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CN106536782B (zh
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范东伟
全贤主
拉希米·兰詹·莫汉蒂
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Abstract

用于制造高强度经涂覆的钢板的方法，所述钢板的屈服强度YS为至少800MPa，拉伸强度TS>1180MPa，总延伸率>14％且扩孔率HER>30％。以重量％计，钢包含：0.13％≤C≤0.22％，1.2％≤Si≤1.8％，1.8％≤Mn≤2.2％，0.10％≤Mo≤0.20％，Nb≤0.05％，Al≤0.5％，剩余部分是Fe和不可避免的杂质。使板在高于Ac3但低于1000℃的温度TA下退火超过30秒，然后以足以获得由奥氏体和至少60％的马氏体组成的组织的冷却速度冷却到325℃至375℃的温度QT进行淬火，所述奥氏体的含量为使得最终组织包含3％至15％的残余奥氏体和85％至97％的马氏体加上贝氏体的总和，而不含铁素体。然后将板加热到430℃至480℃的配分温度PT并保持在此温度下10秒至90秒的配分时间Pt，然后热浸涂覆，冷却至室温。获得经涂覆的板。

Description

用于制造具有改进的强度和延展性的高强度经涂覆的钢板的 方法以及获得的板
本发明涉及用于制造具有改进的强度、延展性和可成形性的高强度经涂覆的钢板的方法以及涉及用该方法获得的板。
为了制造各种各样的设备如机动车辆的车身结构构件和车身面板的部件，通常使用由DP(双相)钢或TRIP(相变诱导塑性)钢制成的镀锌或镀锌层扩散退火处理的板。
例如，包含马氏体组织和/或一些残余奥氏体以及包含约0.2％的C，约2％的Mn，约1.7％的Si的这样的钢的屈服强度为约750MPa，拉伸强度为约980MPa，总延伸率大于8％。这些板在连续退火线上通过从高于Ac3转变点的退火温度淬火至Ms转变点以上的过时效温度并将板保持在该温度下给定时间来制造。然后对所述板进行镀锌或镀锌层扩散退火处理。
考虑到全球环境保护，为了减轻汽车重量以改进汽车的燃料效率，期望具有改进的屈服强度和拉伸强度的板。但是这样的板还必须具有良好的延展性和良好的可成形性以及更特别地良好的延伸凸缘性(flangeability)。
在这方面，期望使板的屈服强度YS为至少800MPa，拉伸强度TS为约1180MPa，总延伸率为至少14％和根据ISO标准16630:2009的扩孔率HER超过25％。必须强调，由于测量方法的差异，根据ISO标准的扩孔率HER的值与根据JFS T 1001(日本钢铁联盟标准)的扩孔率λ的值非常不同并且没有可比性。
因此，本发明的目的是提供这样的板及其制造方法。
为此，本发明涉及用于通过热处理和涂覆钢板来制造具有改进的强度和改进的可成形性的高强度经涂覆的钢板的方法，板的屈服强度YS为至少800MPa，拉伸强度TS为至少1180MPa，总延伸率为至少14％，且扩孔率HER为至少30％，其中以重量％计钢的化学组成包含：
0.13％≤C≤0.22％
1.2％≤Si≤1.8％
1.8％≤Mn≤2.2％
0.10％≤Mo≤0.20％
Nb≤0.05％
Al≤0.5％
剩余部分是Fe和不可避免的杂质。热处理和涂覆包括以下步骤：
-使板在高于Ac3但低于1000℃的退火温度TA下退火超过30秒，
-通过使板以足以获得由奥氏体和至少60％的马氏体组成的组织的冷却速度冷却至325℃至375℃的淬火温度QT来使板淬火，奥氏体含量为使得最终组织(即，处理、涂覆和冷却至室温之后)可包含3％至15％的残余奥氏体和85％至97％的马氏体加上贝氏体的总和，而不含铁素体，
-将板加热到430℃至480℃的配分温度PT，并将板保持在此温度下10秒至90秒的配分时间Pt，
-热浸涂覆板，以及
-使板冷却至室温。
优选地，淬火温度QT为350℃至375℃。
优选地，配分温度PT为435℃至465℃。
钢的化学组成可满足以下条件中的至少一个：
0.16％≤C≤0.20％
1.3％≤Si≤1.6％
和
1.9％≤Mn≤2.1％。
热浸涂覆步骤可为镀锌步骤。
热浸涂覆步骤可为合金化温度TGA为480℃至510℃的镀锌层扩散退火处理步骤。在这种情况下，配分时间PT优选为50秒至70秒。
优选地，在将板淬火至淬火温度QT之后而在将板加热至配分温度PT之前，将板保持在淬火温度QT下2秒至8秒，优选3秒至7秒的保持时间。
本发明还涉及经涂覆的钢板，其中以重量％计钢的化学组成包含：
0.13％≤C≤0.22％
1.2％≤Si≤1.8％
1.8％≤Mn≤2.2％
0.10％≤Mo≤0.20％
Nb≤0.05％
Al≤0.5％
Ti≤0.05％，剩余部分为Fe和不可避免的杂质。钢的组织由3％至15％的残余奥氏体和85％至97％的马氏体加上贝氏体的总和组成，而不含铁素体。板的至少一个表面包含金属涂层。板的屈服强度为至少800MPa，拉伸强度为至少1180MPa，总延伸率为至少14％且扩孔率HER为至少30％。
任选地，钢的化学组成可满足以下条件中的至少一个：
0.16％≤C≤0.20％
1.3％≤Si≤1.6％
和
1.9％≤Mn≤2.1％
至少一个经涂覆的表面为例如镀锌的。
至少一个经涂覆的表面为例如镀锌层扩散退火处理的。
现在将通过附图对本发明进行举例说明和详细描述但不引入限制，所述附图为本发明的一个实施例的显微照片。
根据本发明，通过半成品的热轧和任选地冷轧来获得板，以重量％计，半成品的化学组成包含：
-0.13％至0.22％，并且优选大于0.16％优选小于0.20％的碳，用于确保令人满意的强度和改进残余奥氏体(其是获得足够的延伸率所必需的)的稳定性。如果碳含量太高，则热轧板太硬以至于不能冷轧并且可焊接性不足。
-1.2％至1.8％，优选大于1.3％且小于1.6％的硅，以使奥氏体稳定，以提供固溶强化和延迟过时效期间碳化物的形成而不在板的表面上形成对可涂覆性(coatability)不利的氧化硅。
-1.8％至2.2％并且优选大于1.9％且优选小于2.1％的锰，以具有足够的淬透性以获得至少包含65％的马氏体的组织，拉伸强度大于1150MPa，以及避免具有对延展性不利的偏析问题。
-0.10％至0.20％的钼以改进淬透性和使残余奥氏体稳定以显著减少过时效期间的奥氏体分解。
-至多0.5％的铝，其通常被添加到液态钢中用于脱氧目的，优选地，Al含量限于0.05％。如果Al的含量高于0.5％，则奥氏体化温度将太高而不容易达到并且钢将变得在工业上难以加工。
-Nb含量和Ti含量各自限于0.05％，因为高于这样的值将形成大量沉淀物并且将降低可成形性，使得更加难以达到14％的总延伸率。
剩余部分为铁和炼钢产生的残余元素。在这方面，Ni、Cr、Cu、V、B、S、P和N至少被认为是残余元素(其是不可避免的杂质)。因此，通常，它们的含量为Ni小于0.05％，Cr小于0.10％，Cu小于0.03，V小于0.007％，B小于0.0010％，S小于0.005％，P小于0.02％而N小于0.010％。
根据本领域技术人员已知的方法通过热轧和任选的冷轧制备板。
轧制之后，将板酸洗或清洁，然后进行热处理和热浸涂覆。
优选在组合的连续退火以及热浸涂覆线上进行的热处理包括以下步骤：
-使板在这样的退火温度TA下退火：高于钢的Ac3转变点，并且优选高于Ac3+15℃以确保组织完全为奥氏体的，但小于1000℃以便不使奥氏体晶粒过多地粗化。通常，高于865℃的温度对于根据本发明的钢是足够的。将板保持在退火温度下(即，保持在TA-5℃和TA+10℃之间)足以使化学组成均匀的时间。优选地，该时间大于30秒但不需要大于300秒。
-通过使板以足以避免形成铁素体和贝氏体的冷却速率冷却至低于Ms转变点的淬火温度QT来使板淬火。淬火温度为325℃至375℃，并且优选350℃至375℃以在刚淬火之后具有由奥氏体和至少60％的马氏体组成的组织，奥氏体含量为使得最终组织(即，在处理、涂覆以及冷却至室温后)可包含3％至15％的残余奥氏体和85％至97％的马氏体加上贝氏体的总和，而不含铁素体。大于30℃/秒的冷却速率是足够的。
-将板再加热到430℃至480℃并且优选435℃至465℃的配分温度PT。例如，配分温度可等于必须对板进行加热以进行热浸涂覆的温度，即455℃至465℃。当通过感应加热器进行再加热时，再加热速率可以是高的，但再加热速率对板的最终性能没有明显影响。优选地，在淬火步骤和将板再加热至配分温度PT的步骤之间，将板保持在淬火温度下2秒至8秒，优选3秒至7秒的保持时间。
-将板保持在配分温度PT下10秒至90秒的配分时间Pt。将板保持在配分温度下意味着在配分期间将板的温度保持在PT-20℃和PT+20℃之间。
-任选地，通过冷却或加热调节板的温度以等于必须对板进行加热以进行热浸涂覆的温度。
-热浸涂覆所述板，热浸涂覆是例如镀锌或镀锌层扩散退火处理，但是所有类型的金属热浸涂覆都是可能的，前提条件是在涂覆期间板所处的温度保持小于650℃。当对板进行镀锌时，镀锌在通常条件下进行。当对板进行镀锌层扩散退火处理时，合金化温度TGA不能太高以获得良好的最终机械性能。此温度优选为500℃至580℃。而且，在这种情况下，配分时间优选为50秒至70秒。
-通常，涂覆之后，根据已知的技术对板进行加工。特别地，使板冷却至室温。
通过这样的处理，可以获得这样的经涂覆的板：屈服强度YS为至少800MPa，拉伸强度为至少1180MPa，总延伸率为至少14％且根据ISO标准16630:2009的扩孔率HER为至少30％。
作为一个实例，通过热轧和冷轧制造厚度为1.2mm的具有以下组成的板：C＝0.18％，Si＝1.5％，Mn＝2.0％，Nb＝0.02％，Mo＝0.15％，剩余部分为Fe和杂质。此钢的理论Ms转变点为386℃且Ac3点为849℃。
通过退火、淬火和配分对板样品进行热处理，然后进行镀锌或镀锌层扩散退火处理并测量机械特性。
镀锌样品的处理条件和所获得的特性列于表I中且镀锌层扩散退火处理样品的处理条件和所获得的性能列于表II中。
表I
表II
在这些表中，TA是退火温度，QT是淬火温度，PT是配分温度，Pt是在配分温度下的保持时间，TGA是镀锌层扩散退火处理的板的合金化温度，YS是屈服强度，TS是拉伸强度，UE是均匀延伸率，TE是总延伸率，HER是根据ISO 16630:2009标准测量的扩孔率。
对于实施例9，“520-20”(TGA)意指钢已保持在520℃的GA温度下20秒，在另一些实施例(7、8和10)中，一旦达到TGA温度，然后在最终冷却前温度缓慢降低。
实施例1至实施例4表明，用等于或低于350℃的淬火温度，在460℃的温度下配分30秒至90秒的配分时间，镀锌板的屈服强度高于800MPa，拉伸强度高于1180MPa，总延伸率大于或等于12％且根据ISO标准16630:2009测量的扩孔率高于30％。
淬火温度高于Ms的实施例是比较例和/或根据现有技术。组织包含铁素体或贝氏体和奥氏体，并且屈服强度显著小于800MPa。
实施例7至10表明，当对板进行镀锌层扩散退火处理时，合金化温度必须尽可能低以获得14％的总延伸率和大于30％的扩孔率HER。实施例7(附图中示出了其显微照片)包含7％的残余奥氏体和96％的马氏体加上贝氏体的总和。
镀锌样品的处理条件和所获得的特性列于表I中且镀锌层扩散退火处理样品的处理条件和所获得的特性列于表II中。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于通过热处理和涂覆钢板来制造具有改进的强度和改进的可成形性的高强度经涂覆的钢板的方法，所述板的屈服强度YS为至少800MPa，拉伸强度TS为至少1180MPa，总延伸率为至少14％且扩孔率HER为至少30％，其中，以重量％计，所述钢的化学组成包含：
0.13％≤C≤0.22％
1.2％≤Si≤1.8％
1.8％≤Mn≤2.2％
0.10％≤Mo≤0.20％
Nb≤0.05％
Al≤0.5％
剩余部分是Fe和不可避免的杂质，并且其中所述热处理和所述涂覆包括以下步骤：
-在高于Ac3但低于1000℃的退火温度TA下使所述板退火超过30秒，
-通过使所述板以足以获得由奥氏体和至少60％的马氏体组成的组织的冷却速度冷却到325℃至375℃的淬火温度QT来使所述板淬火，所述奥氏体的含量使得最终组织，即在处理、涂覆和冷却至室温之后，能够包含3％至15％的残余奥氏体和85％至97％的马氏体加上贝氏体的总和，而不含铁素体，
-将所述板加热到430℃至480℃的配分温度PT并将所述板保持在此温度下10秒至90秒的配分时间Pt，
-热浸涂覆所述板，以及
-使所述板冷却至室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述淬火温度QT为350℃至375℃。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中所述配分温度PT为435℃至465℃。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述钢的化学组成满足以下条件中的至少一个：
0.16％≤C≤0.20％
1.3％≤Si≤1.6％
以及
1.9％≤Mn≤2.1％。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其中所述热浸涂覆步骤是镀锌步骤。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其中所述热浸涂覆步骤是合金化温度TGA为480℃至510℃的镀锌层扩散退火步骤。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述配分时间PT为50秒至70秒。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其中，在将所述板淬火至淬火温度QT之后且在将所述板加热至配分温度PT之前，将所述板保持在所述淬火温度QT下2秒至8秒，优选3秒至7秒的保持时间。
9.一种经涂覆的钢板，其中以重量％计所述钢的化学组成包含：
0.13％≤C≤0.22％
1.2％≤Si≤1.8％
1.8％≤Mn≤2.2％
0.10％≤Mo≤0.20％
Nb≤0.05％
Al≤0.5％
Ti≤0.05％
-剩余部分为Fe和不可避免的杂质，其中组织由3％至15％的残余奥氏体和85％至97％的马氏体和贝氏体组成，不含铁素体，并且其中所述板的至少一个表面包含金属涂层，所述板的屈服强度为至少800MPa，拉伸强度为至少1180MPa，总延伸率为至少14％且扩孔率HER为至少30％。
10.根据权利要求9所述的经涂覆的钢板，其中所述钢的化学组成满足以下条件中的至少一个：
0.16％≤C≤0.20％
1.3％≤Si≤1.6％
以及
1.9％≤Mn≤2.1％。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的经涂覆的板，其中所述至少一个经涂覆的表面为镀锌的。
12.根据权利要求9或10所述的经涂覆的板，其中所述至少一个经涂覆的表面为镀锌层扩散退火处理的。
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