CN106508395A

CN106508395A - Crop shallow water and floating seedling raising technique

Info

Publication number: CN106508395A
Application number: CN201610995698.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曹庆寰
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-11-12
Filing date: 2016-11-12
Publication date: 2017-03-22

Abstract

The invention provides a crop shallow water and floating seedling raising technique. The technical scheme comprises the steps of 1, seedling raising plate disinfecting; 2, substrate preparing, that is, smashing and preparing saw dust, straw, vermiculite, peat soil, expanded perlite and the like, and then conducting insect killing and sterilization treatment for standby use; 3, substrate filling and sowing, that is, putting the wet substrate on a seedling raising plate, and evenly sprinkling a thin layer of fine soil or the substrate on a floating plate after sowing; 4, fertilizer applying in a seedling pool, that is, according to requirements for nutrient elements of crop seedling raising of different types, researching and developing a series of specific nutrient liquid. The crop shallow water and floating seedling raising technique has the advantages of being efficient, superior, environmentally friendly, energy conserving, wide in range of application, time and effort saving, stable in seedling supply and the like, and being suitable for industrialized and nontoxic seedling raising of flue-cured tobacco, fruits and flowers.

Description

A kind of crops shallow water floating seedlings technology

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural biological technical field, and in particular to a kind of crops shallow-water seedling gowth technology.

Background technology

Crops seeling industry is to obtain high yield, efficiently high-quality, indispensable means, and seeling industry has become one Fast development has the emerging industry of huge business growth and broad mass market prospect.It is China flowers, vegetable, melon and fruit, Nicotiana tabacum L., sweet The crops such as dish, medical material, forest and industrial crops cultivated area increase year by year, need seedling to be close to 800,000,000,000 plants in year, with wide Market prospect.

Traditional nursery based on soil is sowed, is emerged and seedling early growth all be unable to do without soil and applies the fertilizer in soil Material, therefore soilborne disease, worm, crop smothering cannot be also avoided, and due to artificial unmanageable soil physico-chemical property side The various impacts that the defect in face is caused on seedling.The later stage eighties 20th century, external tobacco increase to improve quality of tobacco The competitiveness of strong domestic and international market, begin one's study Nicotiana tabacum L. non-soil culture, successfully have developed tobacco plant crops shallow water Seedling system.The tobacco leaf production state such as the U.S., Brazil takes the lead in studying this and is applied, and popularizes in an all-round way at present.This nursery side Method is applied in other crops such as vegetable, flowers earliest.The advantage of the method is to be controlled needed for tobacco seedling growth to greatest extent Fertility, temperature, the envirment factor such as moisture；And tobacco root system is flourishing, growth is neat, strong sprout rate height can reduce pollution by pesticides and fertilizer Material consumption.At present, shallow water floating seedlings technology is only applied to flue-cured tobacco seed cultivation in the U.S..The flue-cured tobacco in the U.S. current more than 85% Nursery is carried out using floating method with more than 80% burley tobaccos.

The crops shallow water floating seedlings of the present invention are the more advanced method for culturing seedlings developed on the basis of floating seedlings. The technology is exactly that plant seed is planted in the pallet of the connected nutrition pot equipped with seedling medium, and pallet is emitted on equipped with shallow water In the nursery pond of layer or nutritional solution, the tape base replanting Jing after management seedling.At home and abroad there is no relevant report.

The content of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is providing a kind of crops shallow water floating seedlings technology, solves existing shallow water floating seedlings technology The root system of presence not enough flourishing, transplanting survival rate needs the deficiency for further improving.

For achieving the above object, technical scheme is comprised the following steps：

1st, seedlings nursing plate sterilization：Seedlings nursing plate presses 67cm × 34.2cm × 5.5cm, the specification of 200 holes/disk, and sterilization method is to use 2% liquor natrii hypochloritises or the formalin solution sprinkling seed plate of 1%-2%, seal 24h with plastic sheeting, are then rushed with water Wash clean；

2nd, substrate prepares：Seedling medium sawdust, straw, Vermiculitum, peat soil, expanded perlite etc. are crushed and are prepared, then Jing It is standby after Pesticidal and sterilizing process；

3rd, substrate filling and sowing：In sabot, first substrate is sprayed water, substrate is slightly moistened, the substrate of moistening is contained On seedlings nursing plate, be allowed to fill up hole, then with the hands held seedlings nursing plate, put down from 30cm eminences, repeat 2-3 time, make substrate compared with For consolidation, then substrate unnecessary outside hole being scraped off with wood chip, then uniform planting hole being extruded with pressure orifice plate, often disk finishes kind Lid thin layer fine earth or substrate are spread uniformly on drift disk afterwards.

4th, Miao Chi fertilisings：Nutritional solution is prepared before seed plate enters water, according to different type crops nursery to nutrient Species, form, ratio, concentration, develop serial crops shallow water floating seedlings special nutrient fluid, and the mathematical model of its formula is such as Under：

1. a+b+c+d=1；

2. total+df the rice husks of the total+cf perlites of the total+bf Vermiculitums of af turfs it is total >=0.90；

3. little+df the rice husks of the little+cf perlites of the little+bf Vermiculitums of af turfs it is little >=0.60；

4. big+df the rice husks of the big+cf perlites of the big+bf Vermiculitums of af turfs it is big >=0.20.

Wherein：F is always raw material total porosity；F greatly raw material macroporsities, its pore diameter are more than 0.03mm；F is little for original The total little porosity of material, its pore diameter are less than 0.03mm.A, b, c, d are turf, the percentage ratio that perlite, Vermiculitum, rice husk are calculated.

It is an advantage of the current invention that：

1) high-efficiency high-quality：Floating seedlings are adapted to mechanization, intensive seedling production, and whole seedling raising environment is through sterilization, feeding root Need to provide according to seedling early growth, emerge neat, emergence rate is high, seedling it is healthy and strong and without virus.

2) environmental protection and energy saving：Nursery material sufficiently utilizes agricultural production garbage, substantial amounts of to have saved social resources；Seedling By physical environment control, seedling quality is improved, reduce agrochemical fertilizer usage amount, reduce agricultural pollution.

3) wide adaptability：The facility that the technology needs is simple, and easy to operate, peasant is easily mastered, in China Hunan, extensively The province mountain area such as west, Guizhou, Yunnan, Chongqing, Sichuan and Plain are all easy to spread, and adaptability is splendid.

4) it is time saving and energy saving：The method for culturing seedlings nursery neat and consistent, seedling are readily transported, and are adapted to mechanization transplanting, contract significantly Subtract the transplanting amount of labour.

5) seedling supply is stable：Traditional seedling raising mannerses, are limited by natural conditions, it is impossible to ensure the enough high-quality supplies of seedling, With the development of intensive agricultural, the production of seedling will be more aobvious important with supply, promote this Project Technical, will substantially reduce nursery Risk, it is ensured that the enough high-quality supplies of seedling.

Specific embodiment

Select it is leeward on the sunny side, surrounding is open, physical features is flat, traffic convenience, have cleaning water source and make nursery where being powered Place.Stay more than 1m spacing between canopy room, with hollow concrete block surround internal orifice length as 673cm, width 140cm, depth 20cm with On Fang Chi, make four wall of bottom of pond and pool side with 2 layers of disposable common plastic film pad, encircle into canopy according to pool side bamboo pole a height of The seedling growth greenhouse of 2.5-3.0m, span for 1.8-2.0m, from 0.04mm longevity Anti-fogging Films, both sides set can open the gauze that can be closed to canopy film Window.

Before sowing, 2-3d gives nursery pond fresh water pouring, and in the range of 6.0-7.0, the depth of water is controlled in 13- water for larval nursing pH value 15cm.Nursery concrete operations are as follows：

Seedlings nursing plate is sterilized：Seedlings nursing plate presses 67cm × 34.2cm × 5.5cm, the specification of 200 holes/disk, and sterilization method is to use 2% Liquor natrii hypochloritises or 1%-2% formalin solution sprinkling seed plate, with plastic sheeting seal 24h, then rinsed with water Totally.

Substrate prepares：Seedling medium sawdust, straw, Vermiculitum, peat soil, expanded perlite etc. are crushed and are prepared, then Jing is killed It is standby after worm sterilization treatment.

Substrate is loaded and sowing：In sabot, first substrate is sprayed water, substrate is slightly moistened, the substrate of moistening is contained in On seedlings nursing plate, it is allowed to fill up hole, then has with the hands held seedlings nursing plate, put down from 30cm eminences, repeats 2-3 time, make substrate more Consolidation, then substrate unnecessary outside hole is scraped off with wood chip, then uniform planting hole is extruded with pressure orifice plate, after often disk is finished and planted Lid thin layer fine earth or substrate are spread uniformly on drift disk.

Miao Chi applies fertilizer：Nutritional solution is prepared before seed plate enters water, according to kind of the different type crops nursery to nutrient Class, form, ratio, concentration, develop serial crops shallow water floating seedlings special nutrient fluid, and the mathematical model of its formula is such as Under：

1. a+b+c+d=1；

Start to transplant when rice shoot there are 4-6 1 hearts of leaf.During lifting, gently pull out upwards, root system should not be damaged, together with substrate Taking-up is transplanted to land for growing field crops.

Claims

1. a kind of crops shallow water floating seedlings technology, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

1) seedlings nursing plate sterilization：Seedlings nursing plate presses 67cm × 34.2cm × 5.5cm, the specification of 200 holes/disk, and sterilization method is with 2% The formalin solution sprinkling seed plate of liquor natrii hypochloritises or 1%-2%, seals 24h with plastic sheeting, then rinses dry with water Only；

2) substrate prepares：Seedling medium sawdust, straw, Vermiculitum, peat soil, expanded perlite etc. are crushed and are prepared, then Jing parasite killing It is standby after sterilization treatment；

3) substrate filling and sowing：In sabot, first substrate is sprayed water, substrate is slightly moistened, the substrate of moistening is contained in and is educated On seed plate, it is allowed to fill up hole, then has with the hands held seedlings nursing plate, put down from 30cm eminences, repeats 2-3 time, make substrate more tight It is real, then unnecessary substrate is scraped off with wood chip in the hole outside, then extrude uniform planting hole with pressure orifice plate, after often disk is finished and is planted Lid thin layer fine earth or substrate are spread uniformly on drift disk；

4) Miao Chi fertilisings：Nutritional solution is prepared before seed plate enters water, according to the nursery of different type crops to the species of nutrient, Form, ratio, concentration, develop serial crops shallow water floating seedlings special nutrient fluid, and the mathematical model of its formula is as follows：

1. a+b+c+d=1；

Wherein：F is always raw material total porosity；F greatly raw material macroporsities, its pore diameter are more than 0.03mm；F it is little for raw material it is total Little porosity, its pore diameter are less than 0.03mm；A, b, c, d are turf, the percentage ratio that perlite, Vermiculitum, rice husk are calculated.