CN106471139A - 用于制造具有改进的强度、延展性和可成形性的高强度经涂覆的钢板的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造具有改进的强度、延展性和可成形性的高强度经涂覆的钢板的方法 Download PDF

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CN106471139A
CN106471139A CN201580035620.1A CN201580035620A CN106471139A CN 106471139 A CN106471139 A CN 106471139A CN 201580035620 A CN201580035620 A CN 201580035620A CN 106471139 A CN106471139 A CN 106471139A
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拉希米·兰詹·莫汉蒂
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范东伟
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Abstract

一种用于制造高强度经涂覆的钢板的方法，所述钢板的屈服应力YS>800MPa，拉伸强度TS>1180MPa，并且具有改进的可成形性和延展性。钢包含：15％≤C≤0.25％、1.2％≤Si≤1.8％、2％≤Mn≤2.4％、0.1％≤Cr≤0.25％、Al≤0.5％，剩余部分为Fe和不可避免的杂质。使板在高于Ac3且低于1000℃的温度下退火超过30秒的时间，然后通过使板冷却至250℃至350℃的淬火温度QT来使板淬火，以获得由至少60％的马氏体和足够的奥氏体含量组成的组织，所述奥氏体含量使得最终组织包含3％至15％的残余奥氏体和85％至97％的马氏体和贝氏体而不含铁素体，然后使板加热到430℃至480℃的配分温度并保持在此温度下10秒至90秒的配分时间Pt，然后热浸涂覆并冷却至室温。获得的涂覆板。

Description

用于制造具有改进的强度、延展性和可成形性的高强度经涂 覆的钢板的方法
本发明涉及用于制造具有改进的强度、延展性和可成形性的高强度经涂覆的钢板的方法以及涉及由此方法获得的板。
为了制造多种设备如机动车辆的车身结构构件和车身面板的部件，通常使用由DP(双相)钢或TRIP(相变诱导塑性)钢制成的镀锌或镀锌层扩散退火处理的板。
例如，包含马氏体组织和/或一些残留奥氏体并且含有约0.2％的C、约2％的Mn、约1.7％的Si的这样的钢的屈服强度为约750MPa，拉伸强度为约980MPa，总延伸率大于8％。这些板在连续退火线上通过从高于Ac3转变点的退火温度淬火至Ms转变点以上的过时效温度并将板保持在此温度下给定时间来制造。然后对板进行镀锌或镀锌层扩散退火处理。
鉴于全球环境保护，为了减轻汽车重量以改进汽车的燃料效率，期望具有改进的屈服强度和拉伸强度的板。但是这样的板还必须具有良好的延展性和良好的可成形性以及更特别地良好的延伸凸缘性(flangeability)。
在这方面，期望具有屈服强度YS为至少800MPa，拉伸强度TS为约1180MPa，总延伸率为至少14％和根据ISO标准16630:2009的扩孔率HER大于25％的板。必须强调，由于测量方法的差异，根据ISO标准的扩孔率HER的值与根据JFS T 1001(日本钢铁联盟标准)的扩孔率λ的值非常不同并且没有可比性。
因此，本发明的目的是提供这样的板及其制造方法。
因此，本发明涉及用于通过热处理和涂覆钢板来制造具有改进的延展性和改进的可成形性的高强度经涂覆的钢板的方法，所述板的屈服强度YS为至少800MPa，拉伸强度TS为至少1180MPa，总延伸率为至少14％且扩孔率HER为至少30％，其中以重量％计，钢的化学组成包含：
0.15％≤C≤0.25％
1.2％≤Si≤1.8％
2％≤Mn≤2.4％
0.1％≤Cr≤0.25％
Al≤0.5％
剩余部分为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
热处理和涂覆包括以下步骤：
-使板在高于Ac3但小于1000℃的退火温度TA下退火超过30秒的时间，
-通过使板以足以在刚淬火之后获得由马氏体和奥氏体组成的组织的冷却速度冷却至250℃至350℃的淬火温度QT来使板淬火，马氏体含量为至少60％且奥氏体含量为使得最终组织包含3％至15％的残余奥氏体和85％至97％的马氏体和贝氏体而不含铁素体，
-将板加热至430℃至480℃的配分温度PT，并将板保持在此温度下10秒至90秒的配分时间Pt，
-热浸涂覆板，以及
-使板冷却至室温。
钢的化学组成可以任选地满足以下条件中的一个或更多个：0.17％≤C≤0.21％、1.3％≤Si≤1.6％和2.1％≤Mn≤2.3％。
在一个特定实施方案中，热浸涂覆步骤是镀锌步骤。
在另一个特定实施方案中，热浸涂覆步骤是合金化温度TGA为480℃至510℃的镀锌层扩散退火处理步骤。
优选地，淬火期间的冷却速度为至少20℃/秒，优选至少30℃/秒。
优选地，所述方法还包括，在将板淬火至淬火温度之后而在将板加热至配分温度PT之前，将板保持在淬火温度下2秒至8秒，优选3秒至7秒的保持时间的步骤。
本发明还涉及一种经涂覆的钢板，以重量％计，钢的化学组成包含：
0.15％≤C≤0.25％
1.2％≤Si≤1.8％
2％≤Mn≤2.4％
0.1％≤Cr≤0.25％
Al≤0.5％
剩余部分为Fe和不可避免的杂质。钢的组织由3％至15％的残余奥氏体和85％至97％的马氏体和贝氏体组成，而不含铁素体。板的至少一个表面包含金属涂层。板的屈服强度为至少800MPa，拉伸强度为至少1180MPa，总延伸率为至少14％且扩孔率HER为至少30％。
钢的化学组成可以任选地满足以下条件中的一个或更多个：0.17％≤C≤0.21％、1.3％≤Si≤1.6％和2.1％≤Mn≤2.3％。
在一个特定实施方案中，至少一个经涂覆的表面为镀锌的。
在另一个特定实施方案中，至少一个经涂覆的表面为镀锌层扩散退火处理的。
优选地，残留奥氏体中的C含量为至少0.9％，更优选至少1.0％，且至多1.6％。
平均奥氏体晶粒尺寸(即，残留奥氏体的平均晶粒尺寸)优选为5μm或更小。
马氏体和贝氏体的晶粒或板条束(block)的平均尺寸优选为10μm或更小。
现在将通过附图(其是实施例8的显微照片)对本发明进行举例说明和详细描述但不引入限制。
根据本发明，通过半成品的热轧和任选地冷轧来获得板，以重量％计，所述半成品的化学组成包含：
-0.15％至0.25％，并且优选大于0.17％且优选小于0.21％的碳，以确保令人满意的强度和改进残留奥氏体(其是获得足够的延伸率所必需的)的稳定性。如果碳含量太高，则热轧板太硬而不能冷轧并且可焊接性不足。
-1.2％至1.8％，优选大于1.3％且小于1.6％的硅以使奥氏体稳定，以提供固溶强化以及延迟过时效期间碳化物的形成而不在板的表面上形成对涂布性能不利的氧化硅。
-2％至2.4％并且优选大于2.1％且优选小于2.3％的锰，以具有足够的淬透性以便获得含有至少65％的马氏体的组织，拉伸强度大于1150MPa，以及避免具有对延展性不利的偏析问题。
-0.1％至0.25％的铬以改进淬透性和使残留奥氏体稳定，以便延迟过时效期间贝氏体的形成。
-至多0.5％的铝，其通常被添加到液态钢中用于脱氧目的。优选地，Al含量限制为0.05％。如果Al的含量高于0.5％，则奥氏体化温度将太高而不能达到并且钢将变得在工业上难以加工。
剩余部分为铁和由炼钢产生的残余元素。在这方面，Ni、Mo、Cu、Nb、V、Ti、B、S、P和N至少被认为是残余元素(其是不可避免的杂质)。因此，它们的含量为Ni小于0.05％，Mo小于0.02％，Cu小于0.03％，V小于0.007％，B小于0.0010％，S小于0.005％，P小于0.02％且N小于0.010％。Nb含量限制为0.05％且Ti含量限制为0.05％，因为在这样的值之上将形成大的析出物并且将降低可成形性，使得更加难以达到14％的总延伸率。
根据本领域技术人员已知的方法通过热轧和任选的冷轧制备板。
在轧制之后，将板酸洗或清洁，然后进行热处理和热浸涂覆。
优选在组合的连续退火和热浸涂覆线上进行的热处理包括以下步骤：
-使板在这样的退火温度TA下退火：高于钢的Ac3转变点，并且优选高于Ac3+15℃(即，对于根据本发明的钢高于约850℃)以确保组织完全为奥氏体的，但小于1000℃以便不使奥氏体晶粒过多的粗化。将板保持在退火温度下(即，保持在TA-5℃和TA+10℃之间)足以使化学组成和组织均匀的时间。该时间优选大于30秒但不需要大于300秒。
-通过使板以足以避免形成铁素体和贝氏体的冷却速率冷却至低于Ms转变点的淬火温度QT来使板淬火。淬火温度为250℃至350℃以在刚淬火之后具有由马氏体和奥氏体组成的组织。该组织至少包含60％的马氏体并且包含足够量的奥氏体以便能够获得包含3％至15％的残余奥氏体和85％至97％的马氏体和贝氏体的总和而不含铁素体的最终组织(即，在配分、涂覆和冷却至室温之后)。优选地，冷却速率大于或等于20℃/秒，更优选大于或等于30℃/秒，例如为约50℃/秒。大于30℃/秒的冷却速率是足够的。
-将所述板再加热至430℃至480℃并且优选435℃至465℃的配分温度PT。例如，配分温度可等于必须对板进行加热以进行热浸涂覆的温度，即455℃至465℃。当通过感应加热器进行再加热时，再加热速率可以是高的，但再加热速率对板的最终性能没有明显影响。优选地，在淬火步骤与将板再加热至配分温度PT的步骤之间，将板保持在淬火温度下2秒至8秒，优选3秒至7秒的保持时间。
-将板保持在配分温度PT下10秒至90秒的时间Pt。将板保持在配分温度下意味着在配分期间将板的温度保持在PT-20℃和PT+20℃之间，
-任选地，通过冷却或加热调整板的温度以等于必须对板进行加热以进行热浸涂覆的温度。
-热浸涂覆板。热浸涂覆可以是例如镀锌或镀锌层扩散退火处理，但是所有的金属热浸涂覆都是可能的，前提条件是在涂覆期间板所处的温度保持小于650℃。当对板进行镀锌时，镀锌在通常条件下进行。当对板进行镀锌层扩散退火处理时，合金化TGA的温度不能太高以获得良好的最终机械特性。该温度优选500℃至580℃。
-通常，在涂覆之后，根据已知技术对涂覆的板进行加工。特别地，使板冷却至室温。
此处理使得获得包含3％至15％的残余奥氏体和85％至97％的马氏体和贝氏体的总和而不含铁素体的最终组织(即，在配分、涂覆和冷却至室温之后)。
此外，此处理使得在残留奥氏体中获得增加的C含量，所述C含量为至少0.9％，优选甚至为至少1.0％，且至多1.6％。
此外，平均奥氏体晶粒尺寸优选为5μm或更小，并且贝氏体或马氏体板条束的平均尺寸优选为10μm或更小。
残留奥氏体的量例如为至少7％。
通过这样的处理，可以获得这样的经涂覆的板：其屈服强度YS为至少800MPa，拉伸强度为至少1180MPa，总延伸率为至少14％且根据ISO标准16630:2009的扩孔率HER为至少30％。
作为一个实例，通过热轧和冷轧制造了厚度为1.2mm的具有以下组成的板：C＝0.19％，Si＝1.5％，Mn＝2.2％，Cr＝0.2％，剩余部分为Fe和杂质。此钢的理论Ms转变点为375℃而Ac3点为835℃。
通过退火、淬火和配分对板样品进行热处理，然后进行镀锌或镀锌层扩散退火处理并测量机械性能。
镀锌样品的处理条件和所获得的性能列于表I中而镀锌层扩散退火处理样品的处理条件和所获得的性能列于表II中。已使所有的钢在通过实验方法测量的Ac3之上进行退火。将板保持在淬火温度下约3秒。淬火期间的冷却速度为约50℃/秒。
表I
表II
*淬火后的再加热速率：5℃/秒
**淬火后的再加热速率：20℃/秒
在这些表中，TA是退火温度，QT是淬火温度，PT是配分温度，Pt是在配分温度下的保持时间，TGA是镀锌层扩散退火处理板的合金化温度，YS是屈服强度，Ts是拉伸强度，UE是均匀延伸率，Te是总延伸率而HER是根据ISO标准16630:2009测量的孔延伸率。RA％为显微组织中的残留奥氏体的量，RA晶粒尺寸为平均奥氏体晶粒尺寸，RA中的C％为残留奥氏体中的C含量，BM晶粒尺寸为马氏体和贝氏体的晶粒或板条束的平均尺寸。
镀锌的样品1、2、3表明，为了获得期望的特性并且更特别是延展性特性，配分温度PT必须接近460℃，即热浸涂覆的温度。当配分温度PT为400℃或以下或者500℃或以上，特别是不在430℃至480℃的范围内时，延展性显著降低并且不足。
镀锌层扩散退火处理样品4至9和11表明，460℃或更低的配分温度产生最佳结果。
对于实施例10，通过加热至480℃然后线性冷却至460℃进行配分。
实施例4至8表明，用460℃的配分温度和10秒至60秒的配分时间，镀锌层扩散退火处理的板可以获得期望的特性。这些实施例还表明，优选具有小于60秒，优选约30秒的配分时间，因为用这样的配分时间，屈服强度高于1000MPa，而当配分时间为60秒时，屈服强度小于1000MPa。附图的显微照片例示了包含7.5％的残留奥氏体和92.5％的马氏体+贝氏体的实施例8。
实施例10和11表明，当配分温度高于460℃时，延展性显著降低。
实施例9表明，相反，当配分温度为440℃，即低于460℃时，特性并且特别是延展性保持良好。

Claims (16)

1.一种通过热处理和涂覆钢板来制造具有改进的延展性和改进的可成形性的高强度经涂覆的钢板的方法，所述板的屈服强度YS为至少800MPa，拉伸强度TS为至少1180MPa，总延伸率为至少14％且扩孔率HER为至少30％，其中以重量％计，所述钢的化学组成包含：
0.15％≤C≤0.25％
1.2％≤Si≤1.8％
2％≤Mn≤2.4％
0.1％≤Cr≤0.25％
Al≤0.5％
剩余部分为Fe和不可避免的杂质，
并且其中所述热处理和所述涂覆包括以下步骤：
-使所述板在高于Ac3但低于1000℃的退火温度TA下退火超过30秒的时间，
-通过使所述板以足以在刚淬火之后获得由马氏体和奥氏体组成的组织的冷却速度冷却至250℃至350℃的淬火温度QT来使所述板淬火，所述马氏体的含量为至少60％且所述奥氏体的含量为使得最终组织包含3％至15％的残余奥氏体和85％至97％的马氏体和贝氏体而不含铁素体，
-将所述板加热至430℃至480℃的配分温度PT，并将所述板保持在此温度下10秒至90秒的配分时间Pt，
-热浸涂覆所述板，以及
-使所述板冷却至室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述钢的化学组成满足以下条件：
0.17％≤C≤0.21％。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的方法，其中所述钢的化学组成满足以下条件：
1.3％≤Si≤1.6％。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述钢的化学组成满足以下条件：
2.1％≤Mn≤2.3％。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其中所述热浸涂覆步骤是镀锌步骤。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其中所述热浸涂覆步骤是合金化温度TGA为480℃至510℃的镀锌层扩散退火处理步骤。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其中所述淬火期间的所述冷却速度为至少20℃/秒，优选至少30℃/秒。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，还包括，在将所述板淬火至所述淬火温度之后且在将所述板加热至所述配分温度PT之前，将所述板保持在所述淬火温度QT下2秒至8秒，优选3秒至7秒的保持时间的步骤。
9.一种经涂覆的钢板，其中以重量％计，所述钢的化学组成包含：
0.15％≤C≤0.25％
1.2％≤Si≤1.8％
2％≤Mn≤2.4％
0.10％≤Cr≤0.25％
Al≤0.5％
剩余部分为Fe和不可避免的杂质，其中组织由3％至15％的残余奥氏体和85％至97％的马氏体和贝氏体组成，所述组织不含铁素体，并且其中所述板的至少一个表面包含金属涂层，所述板的屈服强度为至少800MPa，拉伸强度为至少1180MPa，总延伸率为至少14％且扩孔率HER为至少30％。
10.根据权利要求9所述的经涂覆的钢板，其中所述钢的所述化学组成满足以下条件：
0.17％≤C≤0.21％。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的涂覆钢板，其中所述钢的所述化学组成满足以下条件：
1.3％≤Si≤1.6％。
12.根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的经涂覆的钢板，其中所述钢的所述化学组成满足以下条件：
2.1％≤Mn≤2.3％。
13.根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的经涂覆的板，其中所述至少一个经涂覆的表面为镀锌的。
14.根据权利要求13所述的经涂覆的板，其中所述至少一个经涂覆的表面为镀锌层扩散退火处理的。
15.根据权利要求9至14中任一项所述的经涂覆的板，其中所述残留奥氏体中的C含量为至少0.9％，优选为至少1.0％。
16.根据权利要求9至15中任一项所述的经涂覆的板，其中所述平均奥氏体晶粒尺寸为5μm或更小。
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