CN106457743B - 外部装饰部件 - Google Patents
外部装饰部件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106457743B CN106457743B CN201580023456.2A CN201580023456A CN106457743B CN 106457743 B CN106457743 B CN 106457743B CN 201580023456 A CN201580023456 A CN 201580023456A CN 106457743 B CN106457743 B CN 106457743B
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
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- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
Abstract
根据本发明的第一个方面,用于车辆的外部装饰部件包含纤维多孔结构层。所述外部装饰部件还包含至少一个至少局部穿孔的薄膜层,其由按照DSC具有至少140℃的熔融温度的热塑性聚氨酯制成。所述薄膜层至少局部牢固地连接到所述纤维多孔结构层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于车辆的装饰部件。该装饰部件特别适合用在汽车的外侧下部区域,特别是用作汽车下面的覆盖层、发动机区域中的底部发动机外壳或者主区域下面的底部装饰部件。
背景技术
在过去十年间,汽车工业开始使用覆盖层或者所谓的装饰部件来覆盖朝着道路的汽车侧。来自道路上轮胎的道路噪音的减少以及优化汽车下面区域的空气动力学是这样做的部分原因。
许多这种装饰部件被成形或者模塑成三维形状以符合它们将要覆盖的本体部分的几何形状。通常,三维模具和热能被用来形成装饰部件。底部装饰部件和/或底部发动机外壳,这些类型的装饰部件为三维结构部件,它们需要在安装于汽车下面时保持其结构,而不会在使用过程中表现出预定义的下垂水平。根据汽车的类型,这些部件必须能够跨越较大的距离或区域而没有不可接受的下垂的情况。另外,这些部件应该在汽车的整个寿命中能够运行于恶劣的环境下,例如它们在使用中受到石屑、热、冷和/或湿的天气条件并且可能还与道路障碍物碰撞。另外,靠近传动系的部分还暴露于高温。
许多这种部件被制成注射成型的塑料部件,有时位于塑料支架和车辆地板之间,被覆盖有吸声材料来增强声学性能。这些部件总的来说很重。趋势是寻找较轻的部件来减小汽车的整体重量并因此减小耗油量。
市场上存在由多孔芯层制成的底部装饰部件,其中芯层包含由热塑性粘结剂界定的玻璃纤维。作为热塑性粘结剂,聚丙烯、聚酯或树脂类型被使用。结构刚度基本上来自玻璃纤维的使用。由于在这些部件的生产过程中以及这些部件在汽车中的组装过程中暴露于纤维可能对操作材料的人们造成健康问题,所以玻璃纤维在近年来较少受欢迎。
目前市场上的这些部件通常比较重,或者使用的材料会引起其它的问题。
存在替代材料和更轻的这种装饰部件的需求,能够抵受相同的条件并且具有声学性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要提供一种改进的外部装饰部件,特别是用于覆盖朝向道路的汽车本体的装饰部件。
该目的是通过独立权利要求的相应的教导实现的。有利的改良构成从属权利要求的主题。
根据本发明的第一个方面,用于车辆的外部装饰部件包含纤维多孔结构层。所述外部装饰部件还包含至少一个穿孔的薄膜层,其由按照DSC具有至少140℃的熔融温度的热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)制成。所述薄膜层牢固地连接到所述纤维多孔结构层。
根据本发明,所述纤维多孔结构层部分地或者全部地被穿孔薄膜覆盖。
出乎意料地,按照DSC具有至少140℃的熔融温度的热塑性聚氨酯穿孔薄膜基本上保持其作为薄膜层的二维形状并由此保持穿孔的二维形状,同时充分地熔融以牢固地连接到所述纤维结构层。因此,整体装饰部件的气流阻力可以是预期的。
目前所使用的许多薄膜材料,材料在模塑过程中大量地熔融。薄膜大量地分解并浸入到结构纤维层的周围的纤维,因此薄膜层的整体性大量地损失,并且穿孔在最终的产品中不再起作用。尽管最终的产品将表现增加的气流阻力,但是它是不一致的和不可预知的。
通过根据本发明将纤维多孔结构层与穿孔的薄膜层组合,外部装饰部件的吸声相比于纤维多孔结构层通过其自身的吸声有所增加。而且,按照薄膜上的穿孔的最初图案,气流阻力更均匀地分布在装饰部件上。
通过将纤维多孔结构层与穿孔的薄膜层组合,穿过主平面P施加于气流上的流动阻力(气流阻力或AFR,N·s/m3)有所增加,这将在下面描述,其改进了外部装饰部件的吸声能力。假定至少在外部装饰部件在模具中的可选三维成形之前,外部装饰部件或其纤维多孔结构层基本上在二维主平面P内延伸,这将在下面描述。
定义
在本发明的范围内,弯曲刚度被理解为本体弯曲的性能,表示当被施加弯曲力矩时本体的曲率。弯曲刚度(N·mm2)被计算为本体的材料的弹性模数E·本体围绕弯曲轴线的横截面的截面惯性矩I。可替换地,弯曲刚度可以通过根据DIN53362的方法在实验上确定。
外部装饰部件的弯曲刚度主要由纤维多孔结构层来确定。它的横截面被设计成当在基本水平的平面内被支撑在其边缘处或附近时避免外部装饰部件的不可接受的下垂。
在本发明的范围内,例如聚氨酯或聚酯等聚合物的熔融温度是最低温度(℃),在该温度或该温度以上,聚合物经历从结晶相或半结晶相到固体无定形相的转变。聚合物或薄膜层的熔融温度可以使用根据ISO11357-3的差示扫描量热法(DSC)进行测量。
在本发明的范围内,AFR或气流阻力是外部装饰部件对于经过上述主平面P的气流的阻力,其通过可从欧拓管理公司(Autoneum Management AG)购买到的气流阻力测量系统或CARE+系统来测量。可替换地,AFR根据DIN EN 29053或DIN 9053方法A来测量。
在本发明的范围内,外部装饰部件被理解为用于覆盖车辆本体的一部分的部件,其可以连接到车辆本体,特别是车辆的底部、车辆朝着道路的一侧。底部装饰部件可以形成为单个部件,或者是一起覆盖底部的表面的多个部件。另外,在本发明的范围内,外部装饰部件还指覆盖发动机舱区域的下面的一部分的装饰部件,特别是用作底部发动机外壳。然而,外部装饰部件还可以覆盖承受相同或相似条件的汽车外部其它区域。
在本发明的范围内,长丝被定义为具有无限长度的连续纤维。如所定义的,长丝还指无尽长丝或连续长丝。无尽长丝在生产后例如直接铺设在例如移动带的表面上,从而形成纤维层。
该纤维层可以用作用来生产装饰部件的半加工材料。该半加工材料的进一步工序可以包括切割步骤,因此无尽长丝并不是取词语“无尽”的文字含义,而是指具有延伸穿过形成的部件的长度的长丝。特别排除的是形成短纤维的切割熔纺长丝。
短纤维如同长丝一样生产,但是,在生产后被切割并且捆绑,以用于后续的用途。在切割之前,短纤维可以被卷曲以便于更简单的加工。使用本领域技术人员已知的附加的工艺步骤,例如通过梳理-交叉铺网或者气流成网工艺,可以形成纤维垫。该垫可以用于进一步加工根据本发明的产品。
在本发明的范围内,短纤维是单组分或双组分纤维,优选具有圆形的或波浪状的或三叶形的横截面。它们通常通过熔体纺丝法制成,其中材料是熔融的、挤压的、穿过纺丝组件来获得理想的横截面并被冷却。优选地,该工艺包括牵伸步骤或卷曲步骤以进一步增强长丝。该长丝被切割成具有预定长度的短纤维。当使用纤维混合物时,纤维在形成纤维层之前混合。
在本发明的范围内,双组分长丝或短纤维可以由两种聚合物形成,这两种聚合物组合来形成具有一种聚合物的芯层和具有另一种聚合物的周围皮层的长丝或纤维。具体地,双组分长丝或纤维可以设置成皮层-芯层、并行的、海中岛或者分段派的布置。另外,长丝或纤维可以具有不同的横截面,优选使用的长丝或纤维具有圆形的、波浪状的或三叶形的横截面。双组分长丝或纤维的生产在本领域是已知的,例如,参见根据P.-A.Koch(2008,Shaker Verlag,ISBN 978-38322-7037-7)的纤维表。第一聚合物的根据DSC的熔融温度低于第二聚合物的根据DSC的熔融温度,从而通过加热双组分长丝或纤维,第一聚合物和第二聚合物不同地反应。例如,当双组分长丝或纤维被加热到一温度,该温度在第一聚合物(皮层聚合物)的根据DSC的软化或熔融温度以上并且在第二聚合物(芯层聚合物)的根据DSC的熔融温度以下,第一聚合物将软化或熔融,而第二聚合物则不会。第一聚合物的软化将使第一聚合物变成粘性的并粘结到很靠近的长丝和/或短纤维。所述芯层聚合物保持完整并形成最终产品中的长丝或短纤维的网。
在本发明的范围内,PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)应被理解为聚合物的聚酯族的一种。聚酯是主链中包括酯的官能团的聚合物族。聚酯通常通过二羧酸和乙二醇的反应来制备。PET基本上使用对苯二甲酸和单乙二醇来制备。
在本发明的范围内,CoPET被理解为改性的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,其中在聚合反应中使用少量的附加单体来相比于PET减小根据DSC的熔融温度。通常使用的附加单体是二甘醇或间苯二甲酸。
纤维多孔结构层
在使用的双组分长丝是芯层-皮层类型时,第一聚合物是皮层,第二聚合物是芯层。
优选地,根据本发明的纤维多孔结构层是由PET和CoPET的组合物构成,其中使用的共聚酯(CoPET)具有根据DSC至少190℃的熔融温度,优选使用的聚酯具有至少240℃的熔融温度。
PET和CoPET可被组合在一个长丝或纤维中形成双组分长丝或双组分纤维,或者可以是PET和CoPET的单组分纤维的混合物。并且,可能是PET单组分长丝或纤维和与CoPET的双组分长丝或纤维的混合物。
优选地,所述纤维多孔结构层:
1.由双组分长丝组成,该双组分长丝包括具有至少150℃、优选至少170℃、更优选至少190℃的熔融温度的CoPET皮层和具有至少240℃的熔融温度的PET芯层;或者
2.由双组分短纤维组成,该双组分短纤维包括具有至少150℃、优选至少170℃、更优选至少190℃的熔融温度的CoPET皮层和具有至少240℃的熔融温度的PET芯层;或者
3.包含第一双组分短纤维,所述第一双组分短纤维包括具有至少150℃、优选至少170℃、更优选至少190℃的熔融温度的CoPET皮层和具有至少240℃的熔融温度的PET芯层;或者
4.根据3,还包含第二双组分短纤维,所述第二双组分短纤维由具有比所述第一双组分短纤维的皮层的熔融温度低至少20℃的熔融温度的CoPET皮层组成;或者
5.根据3或4,还包含具有至少240℃的熔融温度的PET短纤维和/或CoPET短纤维;或者
6.包含短纤维的混合物,其中包括具有至少150℃、优选至少170℃、更优选至少190℃的熔融温度的CoPET短纤维和具有至少240℃的熔融温度的PET短纤维。
所述纤维多孔结构层的上述实施例的“皮层”应被理解为短纤维或长丝的第一聚合物,其独立于短纤维或长丝中的至少两种聚合物的布置。
所述纤维多孔结构层的上述实施例的“芯层”应被理解为短纤维或长丝的第二聚合物,其独立于短纤维或长丝中的至少两种聚合物的布置。
优选地,所述纤维多孔结构层:
1.由双组分长丝组成,该双组分长丝包括具有至少150℃、优选至少170℃、更优选至少190℃的熔融温度的CoPET第一聚合物和具有至少240℃的熔融温度的PET第二聚合物;或者
2.由双组分短纤维组成,该双组分短纤维包括具有至少150℃、优选至少170℃、更优选至少190℃的熔融温度的CoPET第一聚合物和具有至少240℃的熔融温度的PET第二聚合物;或者
3.包含第一双组分短纤维,该第一双组分短纤维包括具有至少150℃、优选至少170℃、更优选至少190℃的熔融温度的CoPET第一聚合物和具有至少240℃的熔融温度的PET第二聚合物;或者
4.根据3,还包含第二双组分短纤维,所述第二双组分短纤维由具有比所述第一双组分短纤维的第一聚合物的熔融温度低至少20℃的熔融温度的CoPET第一聚合物组成;或者
5.根据3或4,还包含具有至少240℃的熔融温度的PET短纤维和/或CoPET短纤维;或者
6.包含短纤维的混合物,其中包括具有至少150℃、优选至少170℃、更优选至少190℃的熔融温度的CoPET短纤维和具有至少240℃的熔融温度的PET短纤维。
优选地,所述双组分长丝或短纤维形成为皮层-芯层的布置,其中皮层由第一聚合物形成,其基本围绕由第二聚合物形成的芯层。并不需要皮层聚合物全部围绕芯层聚合物。
作为短纤维的一种性能的短纤维长度是指一组任意组分的纤维的平均长度。优选地,一些、大多或所有的短纤维具有在10到150mm之间的短纤维长度。优选地,具有最长短纤维长度的短纤维由具有最高熔融温度的PET形成。
优选地,使用的短纤维或长丝具有在10到40μm之间、优选在18到30μm之间的直径。
优选地,CoPET聚合物在混合物中的重量百分数为5到50%,优选为20到35%。CoPET聚合物形成单独的短纤维或者短纤维的皮层或者长丝的皮层。
优选地,变形3或4的短纤维混合物可以包括形成主体的其它纤维,多达纤维混合物的整体重量的20%。优选地,可以是聚丙烯、棉花或聚酰胺短纤维。
根据优选的改良,纤维多孔结构层的截面重量(g/m2),以下称“单位面积重量”(AW),在500到2500g/m2之间。该优选的改良可以提供减小外部装饰部件的重量的优点。
根据优选的改良,纤维多孔结构层的理想AFR为200到2500N·s/m3,其可以在整个装饰部件中变化。该优选的改良可以提供改进外部装饰部件的吸声的优点。
根据优选的改良,纤维多孔结构层的理想厚度为1.5到10mm,其可以在整个装饰部件中变化。该优选的改良可以提供改进机械和/或声学性能的优点。
根据优选的改良,纤维多孔结构层的弯曲刚度(杨氏模量E·断面惯性矩I)大于15.000N·mm2,这可以由根据DIN53362的方法来确定。
优选地,所述纤维多孔结构层基本上不包含玻璃纤维或其它矿物纤维。
热塑性聚氨酯薄膜
在本发明的范围内,热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)应被理解为弹性体,其基本上线性的主链具有分段的结构。在相同主链中,“软分段”与“硬分段”交替,“软分段”可以可逆地伸展。硬分段的极性在它们之间形成强烈的吸引,使得在该相中引起高度的聚合和次序,形成位于软的、弹性的矩阵中的晶体或伪晶体区域。该晶体或伪晶体区域作为物理交叉链路。TPU应被理解为不起泡沫的。热塑性聚氨酯优选是基于聚酯或聚醚。相反地,热固性聚氨酯包括在软分段中的主链之间的共价键结。
通过选取根据DSC具有140℃以上的熔融温度的TPU,所述薄膜能够在模塑过程中充分熔融,以变成粘性的,但是不足以形成液滴并浸入到周围的材料中。
根据优选的改良,所述薄膜层的根据DSC的熔融温度小于所述纤维多孔结构层的根据DSC的熔融温度。该优选的改良的优点在于将薄膜层和纤维多孔结构层连接之后,薄膜层仍能减小穿过外部装饰部件的气流速率。该优选的改良的优点在于将薄膜层和多孔纤维结构层连接之后,薄膜层的穿孔基本上保持透气。
优选地,热塑性聚氨酯的根据DSC的熔融温度大于150℃,更优选大于160℃。
优选地,TPU薄膜的熔融温度小于220℃。
出乎意料地,薄膜层在模塑过程中没有分裂,反而保持大部分完整。另外,穿孔对于薄膜没有不利的影响。例如穿孔本身在装饰部件的三维模塑过程中不会形成撕裂源。该优选的改良的优点在于将纤维多孔结构层与薄膜层连接的过程中薄膜层基本上保持薄膜。
令人惊讶的是,TPU薄膜的弹性还防止薄膜在三维模塑过程中破裂或者撕裂,提供的优点在于完整的薄膜层保持其气流阻力,尽管可能观察到在模塑之前和之后薄膜的AFR之间的小差异,这并没有偏离本发明所期望的。
根据优选的改良,薄膜层的穿孔至少在部分上的穿孔密度大于150000孔/m2,优选大于200000孔/m2,并且优选小于750000孔/m2。通过增加或减小每平方米的孔数,外部装饰部件上的气流阻力可以被设计成反映获得想要的吸声所需的AFR。
根据优选的改良,薄膜层的穿孔至少在部分上包括孔,这些孔的横截面面积对应于具有在10到1000μm之间的直径的基本圆柱形的孔。该优选的改良的优点在于改进了外部装饰部件的吸声。
根据优选的改良,所述薄膜层的穿孔,即穿孔的密度和尺寸被选取成使得所述外部装饰部件的AFR为1000到4500N·s/m3,更优选为1500到2500N·s/m3。该优选的改良的优点在于改进了外部装饰部件的吸声。
根据优选的改良,所述外部装饰部件的厚度至少在部分上为1.5到10mm。
根据优选的改良,所述薄膜层仅仅部分穿孔,优选在模塑的外部装饰部件中,由此形成了不透气的区域。这样的优点在于气流穿过部件的区域妨碍车辆的热量管理。
附加层
根据优选的改良,所述外部装饰部件还包括平纹织物层,其优选牢固地连接到所述薄膜层。所述薄膜层至少部分上被设置在所述平纹织物层和所述纤维多孔结构层之间。所述平纹织物层允许诸如空气等流体渗透。所述平纹织物层并不会显著地有助于所述外部装饰部件的AFR。
优选地,所述平纹织物层由热塑性纤维材料构成。优选地,所述平纹织物层的材料根据DSC的熔融温度大于所述薄膜层的材料根据DSC的熔融温度。所述平纹织物层的单位面积重量为15到250g/m2,优选为50到150g/m2。
优选地,所述平纹织物层可以由长丝或短纤维或短纤维的混合物制成。优选地,纤维由熔喷法或纺粘法制成。这些类型的平纹织物层被称作非纺织层。优选地,选取的材料在长时间热负荷暴露下是热稳定的。优选地,所述平纹织物层的纤维由聚酯、聚酰胺或氧化的热稳定的聚丙烯腈(PAN,也被称作PANox)或者例如聚酯和纤维素或者聚酰胺和聚酯等的纤维的组合物制成。优选地,所述平纹织物层可以使用应用区域所需的常规处理方法来处理,例如,防油、防水、阻燃处理等等。所述平纹织物层的优选的例子可以是由聚酯纤维制成的非纺织平纹织物层。
平纹织物层的优选的例子可以是由与纤维结构层相同或相似的材料制成的非纺织平纹织物层。
已经发现所述薄膜层的热塑性聚氨酯允许其它层例如平纹织物层的层压。单独的粘合剂以及相关的成本和劳力可以避免。
该优选的改良的优点在于所述外部装饰部件能够在模塑后更容易地从模具去除。
根据优选的改良,所述外部装饰部件还包括热反射层,其尤其牢固地连接到所述纤维多孔结构层、TPU薄膜层或者所述平纹织物层。优选地,所述热反射层仅覆盖所述外部装饰部件的一部分。优选地,所述热发射层包括金属,更优选为铝或铝合金。优选地,所述热反射层形成所述外部装饰部件的另一层。
已经发现所述薄膜层的热塑性聚氨酯允许其它层例如热反射层层压到所述纤维多孔结构层的材料。单独的粘合剂以及相关的成本和劳力可以避免。
该优选的改良的优点在于改进了外部装饰部件对于例如车辆的发动机舱中或车辆的排气装置附近160℃以上温度的抵抗力。该优选的改良的优点在于外部装饰部件可以用在车辆的发动机舱中或者车辆的排气装置附近,例如用作底部发动机外壳。
所述外部装饰部件通过分层至少纤维多孔层和薄膜层来制造,在模塑后形成所述纤维多孔结构层,所述薄膜层由根据DSC具有至少140℃的熔融温度的热塑性聚氨酯在模具中制成。这些层在模具中通过加热来处理(热处理),例如使用具有预定温度的加压蒸汽,使得所述纤维层的CoPET含量以及所述薄膜层软化和/或熔融。施加力来驱使这些层朝向彼此,该力可能在所需之处压紧纤维材料并形成所述外部装饰部件的三维形状。所述外部装饰部件在模具中冷却,这些层相互牢固地连接。
该热处理可以通过热模塑或者通过优选在热工具中在模塑之前使用红外线加热或接触加热来预热材料而进行。
已经发现通过选取根据DSC具有特定熔融温度的热塑性聚氨酯,所述薄膜层的基本二维形状很大程度上得以维持,并且在将所述薄膜层和所述纤维多孔层连接之后,所述薄膜层的穿孔基本上保持透气。
出乎意料的是,根据DSC具有至少140℃的熔融温度的热塑性聚氨酯穿孔薄膜基本上维持其作为薄膜层的二维形状,并由此维持穿孔的二维形状,同时充分熔融来牢固地连接到所述纤维结构层。因此,整体装饰部件的气流阻力是可预期的。
诸如平纹织物层或热反射层等附加层可以在关闭模具之前进行添加。
已经发现借助软化的纤维多孔结构层的材料,即使在所述薄膜层将其它层与所述纤维多孔结构层分隔时,所述薄膜层的热塑性聚氨脂允许其它层例如平纹织物层或者热反射层的层压。单独的粘合剂以及相关的成本和劳力可以避免。
所述外部装饰部件可以用作发动机舱盖板、用于发动机的顶盖、侧盖或底盖、油底壳盖、底部发动机外壳、防火墙、至少部分覆盖外部仪表的面板、发动机舱的冷却器后面的导流板或者车辆底部的盖板、外部车轮拱板或者汽车的外部装饰部件。
优选地,所述纤维多孔结构层靠近、邻近或物理接触车辆的底部,同时穿孔的薄膜层朝向噪声源。这样可以提供改进的吸声的优点。
优选地,结构刚度是由于多孔纤维结构层的纤维材料。该刚度可以通过3D装饰部件的有利的设计特征来增强,例如通过结合仔细布置的压缩区域的肋。优选地,最终部件的刚度并不是由于玻璃纤维或矿物纤维的使用。
附图说明
本发明的其它的优点、特征和应用将通过下面结合附图的描述而变得明显。
图1A-1C示意性地示出了外部装饰部件的横截面。
图2是吸声的图。
图3示出了车辆的底部的图。
具体实施方式
图1A示出了根据本发明的第一个方面的外部装饰部件1的分解图。这些层的厚度并未按比例绘制。纤维多孔结构层2被连接到穿孔的薄膜层3。
图1B示出了图1A的外部装饰部件1的优选的改良。这些层的厚度并未按比例绘制。该外部装饰部件1具有平纹织物层4。薄膜层3被设置在纤维多孔结构层2和平纹织物层4之间。平纹织物层4牢固地连接到薄膜层3。平纹织物层4用来保护薄膜层3并简化了在制造过程中外部装饰部件1从模具的移除。
图1C示出了图1A的外部装饰部件1的另一个优选改良。这些层的厚度并未按比例绘制。该外部装饰部件1具有热反射层6。薄膜层3被设置在纤维多孔结构层2和热反射层6之间。热反射层6牢固地连接到薄膜层3。热反射层6被设计有一个或多个补片6a、6b,补片6a、6b被设置成朝向车辆的高温部件,例如排气装置。
图2示出了吸声[-]取决于频率的图。虚线示出了不具有薄膜层的纤维多孔结构材料(参考)。实线显示了根据本发明的具有薄膜的纤维多孔结构层(本发明)。对于参考,646N·s/m3的平均值是在样本上测得。对于本发明,2120N·s/m3的平均值是在样本上测得。当测量吸声时,麦克风位于外部装饰部件的薄膜侧上。测试样本的纤维多孔层具有1000g/m2的公称单位面积重量,样本的公称厚度为4mm。通过使用根据本发明的具有薄膜层的纤维多孔结构层,吸声在所示的范围内显著地改进。当测量吸声时,麦克风位于外部装饰部件的薄膜侧上。测试样本的纤维多孔层具有1000g/m2的公称单位面积重量,样本的公称厚度为4mm。通过使用根据本发明的具有薄膜层的纤维多孔结构层,吸声在所示的范围内显著地改进。
图3示出了汽车的底侧的视图。根据本发明的外部装饰部件可以用作例如底部发动机外壳7,或者用作主底板下面的面板,也称作底部面板8。优选地,外部装饰部件例如底部面板8可以分成一个以上的部件,以便于在运输中更好的处理和优化。
附图标记
1 外部装饰部件
2 纤维多孔结构层
3 薄膜层
4 平纹织物层
6 热反射层
7 底部发动机外壳
8 底部面板
Claims (13)
1.用于车辆的外部装饰部件(1),其包含纤维多孔结构层(2),还包含至少一个穿孔的薄膜层(3),所述薄膜层(3)由按照DSC具有至少140℃的熔融温度的不起泡沫的热塑性弹性体性聚氨酯制成,并且牢固地连接到所述纤维多孔结构层(2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外部装饰部件(1),其中所述纤维多孔结构层(2)由双组分长丝组成,所述双组分长丝包括具有至少150℃的熔融温度的CoPET第一聚合物和具有至少240℃的熔融温度的PET第二聚合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外部装饰部件(1),其中所述纤维多孔结构层(2)由双组分短纤维组成,所述双组分短纤维包括具有至少150℃的熔融温度的CoPET第一聚合物和具有至少240℃的熔融温度的PET第二聚合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的外部装饰部件(1),其中所述纤维多孔结构层(2)包含第一双组分短纤维,所述第一双组分短纤维包括具有至少150℃的熔融温度的CoPET第一聚合物以及具有至少240℃的熔融温度的PET第二聚合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的外部装饰部件(1),其中所述纤维多孔结构层(2)还包含第二双组分短纤维,所述第二双组分短纤维包括具有比所述第一双组分短纤维的第一聚合物的熔融温度低至少20℃的熔融温度的CoPET第一聚合物。
6.根据权利要求4到5中任一项所述的外部装饰部件(1),其中所述纤维多孔结构层还包含PET短纤维和/或CoPET短纤维,所述PET短纤维具有至少240℃的熔融温度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的外部装饰部件(1),其中所述纤维多孔结构层包含短纤维的混合物,所述短纤维的混合物包括具有至少150℃的熔融温度的CoPET短纤维和具有至少240℃的熔融温度的PET短纤维。
8.根据前述权利要求2-5中任一项所述的外部装饰部件,其中所述第一聚合物形成长丝或短纤维的皮层,其中所述第二聚合物形成长丝或短纤维的芯层。
9.根据前述权利要求1-5中任一项所述的外部装饰部件,其中所述热塑性弹性体性聚氨酯制成的薄膜层基于聚醚或聚酯。
10.根据前述权利要求1-5中任一项所述的外部装饰部件(1),其中所述外部装饰部件(1)具有1.5到10mm的整体厚度并具有以厚度方向为1000到4500N·S/m3的气流阻力(AFR)。
11.根据前述权利要求1-5中任一项所述的外部装饰部件,其中所述薄膜层仅部分被穿孔。
12.根据前述权利要求1-5中任一项所述的外部装饰部件(1),具有连接到所述薄膜层(3)的平纹织物层(4)。
13.根据前述权利要求1-12中任一项所述的外部装饰部件(1)作为发动机舱盖板、用于发动机的顶盖、侧盖或底盖、油底壳盖、底部发动机外壳、防火墙、至少部分覆盖外部仪表的面板、发动机舱的冷却器后面的导流板或者车辆底部的盖板、外部车轮拱板或者作为汽车的外部装饰部件的用途。
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-
2014
- 2014-04-29 EP EP14166482.1A patent/EP2939828A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2015
- 2015-04-17 RU RU2016146479A patent/RU2016146479A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-04-17 MX MX2016014154A patent/MX360576B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2015-04-17 CN CN201580023456.2A patent/CN106457743B/zh active Active
- 2015-04-17 JP JP2016565234A patent/JP2017515725A/ja active Pending
- 2015-04-17 WO PCT/EP2015/058357 patent/WO2015165751A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-04-17 BR BR112016024311A patent/BR112016024311A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-04-17 KR KR1020167031406A patent/KR20160149215A/ko unknown
- 2015-04-17 EP EP15719426.7A patent/EP3137293A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-04-17 US US15/306,234 patent/US10081396B2/en active Active
- 2015-04-28 AR ARP150101283A patent/AR100399A1/es unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2016146479A (ru) | 2018-05-29 |
KR20160149215A (ko) | 2016-12-27 |
EP2939828A1 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
AR100399A1 (es) | 2016-10-05 |
JP2017515725A (ja) | 2017-06-15 |
EP3137293A1 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
RU2016146479A3 (zh) | 2018-11-15 |
US10081396B2 (en) | 2018-09-25 |
US20170043815A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
WO2015165751A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
MX360576B (es) | 2018-11-08 |
MX2016014154A (es) | 2017-02-15 |
CN106457743A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
BR112016024311A2 (pt) | 2017-08-15 |
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