CN106414931B - 混合器与计量给料器锥形件的组件 - Google Patents

混合器与计量给料器锥形件的组件 Download PDF

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CN106414931B
CN106414931B CN201480079568.5A CN201480079568A CN106414931B CN 106414931 B CN106414931 B CN 106414931B CN 201480079568 A CN201480079568 A CN 201480079568A CN 106414931 B CN106414931 B CN 106414931B
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dispensing mechanism
tapered cup
exhaust
discharging
base ends
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爱德华多·阿拉诺
菲利普·M·迪姆佩尔费尔德
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FAURECIA EMISSIONS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
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    • B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
    • B01F25/3131—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
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    • B01F25/32—Injector mixers wherein the additional components are added in a by-pass of the main flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
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    • B01D2251/2067—Urea
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    • B01F2025/93—Arrangements, nature or configuration of flow guiding elements
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    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
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    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
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Abstract

一种车辆排放系统包括限定发动机排气通道的排放部件，并且排放部件包括开口。计量给料器限定计量给料器轴线并且延伸至计量给料器末端，计量给料器末端构造成将还原剂经由开口喷洒至发动机排气通道中。锥形件具有基座端部，该基座端部邻近开口定位成使得在排放部件中形成围绕计量给料器末端的环形间隙。排气被引导成沿横向于计量给料器轴线的方向穿过环形间隙进入锥形件的基座端部。这种构型减少了沉积物的形成，同时仍然允许还原剂与发动机排气完全混合，然后将混合物引入至下游排放部件。

Description

混合器与计量给料器锥形件的组件
背景技术
排放系统将由发动机产生的热排气传导通过各种排放部件以减少排放并且控制噪音。排放系统包括处于选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器上游的，用于喷射例如柴油机排放处理液(DEF)或诸如尿素和水的溶液的还原剂的喷射系统。混合器位于SCR催化器的上游并且将发动机排气及尿素转化物进行混合。喷射系统包括将尿素喷洒至排气流中的计量给料器。尿素应在到达SCR催化器之前尽可能多地转化成氨(NH3)。因此，喷雾的液滴尺寸在该目标的实现中起重要作用。
该行业正在朝向提供更紧凑的排放系统的方向发展，这导致系统的体积减小。喷洒较大尺寸液滴的系统在被应用于较紧凑的系统构型中时不能使尿素充分转化。因此，需要适用于这些较紧凑构型的较小液滴尺寸计量给料器。
液滴尺寸越小，由于表面接触面积增加，向氨的转化越有效。然而，由小液滴计量给料器产生的喷雾对再循环流非常敏感。通常，位于计量给料器的末端的区域具有再循环流的旋涡。该旋涡将喷雾液滴推向混合器的壁并且推至计量给料器的末端上，这将产生初始沉积位置。沉积物随时间逐渐累积并且会对系统操作产生不利的影响。例如，氨均匀度指数可能较低，经过混合器的压降可能增大，或在柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)的主动再生期间存在较高的氨排放。
发明内容
在一个示例性实施方式中，一种车辆排放系统包括排放部件，所述排放部件包括一个混合器本体，所述混合器本体限定发动机排气通道，该排放部件包括开口。计量给料器限定计量给料器轴线并且延伸至计量给料器末端，计量给料器末端构造成将还原剂经由开口喷洒至发动机排气通道中。锥形件定位在所述混合器本体中并具有基座端部，该基座端部邻近开口定位成使得在排放部件内形成绕计量给料器末端的环形间隙。排气被引导成沿横向于计量给料器轴线的方向经环形间隙进入锥形件的基座端部。壳体定位在所述混合器本体中并环绕所述锥形件的至少一部分，所述壳体包括至少一个槽以对着所述锥形件的外表面直接引导排气。
在上述方案的另一实施方式中，排气被引导成沿垂直于计量给料器轴线的方向以绕环形间隙均匀分布的方式进入锥形件的基座端部。
在上述方案中的任一者的另一实施方式中，排放部件包括混合器。
在另一示例性实施方式中，一种用于将还原剂喷射到排放部件中的方法包括以下步骤：提供排放部件，所述排放部件包括一个混合器本体，所述混合器本体限定发动机排气通道，该排放部件包括开口；将计量给料器安装至排放部件，该计量给料器延伸至计量给料器末端，该计量给料器末端构造成沿着计量给料器喷洒轴线喷射还原剂并且将还原剂经由开口喷射至发动机排气通道中；以及将锥形件的基座端部定位在所述混合器本体中，使其邻近开口以使得在排放部件内形成绕计量给料器末端的环形间隙，并且将壳体定位在所述混合器本体中，使其环绕所述锥形件的至少一部分，所述壳体包括至少一个槽以对着所述锥形件的外表面直接引导排气，并且其中，排气被引导成沿横向于计量给料器喷洒轴线的方向经环形间隙进入锥形件的基座端部。
通过以下说明书及附图将最佳地理解本申请的上述特征及其它特征，以下是简要描述。
附图说明
图1示意性示出了具有根据本发明的混合器的排放系统的一个示例。
图2是用在计量给料器子组件中的锥形件的示意性侧面剖视图。
图3是混合器的入口挡板的一部分的端视图。
图4是示出排气流的入口点及出口点的锥形件的端视图。
图5示出了引导喷雾远离锥形件的壁的示例性流动型态。
图6示出了计量给料器子组件的立体图。
图7示出了计量给料器子组件的侧面剖视图。
图8是安装在混合器内的计量给料器子组件的端视图。
图9是位于混合器的入口挡板与出口挡板之间的计量给料器子组件的立体端视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了车辆排放系统10，如现有技术那样，该排放系统将由发动机12产生的热排气引导穿过各种上游排放部件14以减少排放及控制噪声。各种上游排放部件14可以包括以下部件中的一个或更多个：管、过滤器、阀、催化器、消声器等。
在一个示例性构型中，上游排放部件14将发动机排气引导至具有入口18及出口20的柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)16中。DOC 16的下游可以具有已知的用于从排气中去除污染物的柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)21。DOC 16及可选的DPF 21的下游是具有入口24和出口26的选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器22。出口26将排气传送至下游排放部件28。任选地，部件22可包括构造成执行选择性催化还原功能以及微粒过滤功能的催化器。各种下游排放部件28可以包括以下部件中的一个或更多个：管、过滤器、阀、催化器、消声器等。这些上游部件14及下游部件28能够基于车辆应用和可用的包装空间而以各种不同的构型和组合安装。
混合器30定位在DOC 16或DPF 21的出口20的下游，并且定位在SCR催化器22的入口24的上游。上游催化器和下游催化器能够是排成一行的或平行的。混合器30用于产生排气的旋涡运动或旋转运动。
喷射系统32用于将还原剂——诸如例如尿素和水的溶液——喷射至SCR催化器22的上游的排气流中，使得混合器30能够将尿素及排气完全地混合在一起。喷射系统32包括已知的流体供给器34、计量给料器36、以及控制尿素喷射的控制器38。
混合器30包括具有入口端部42及出口端部44的混合器本体，该入口端部构造成接收发动机排气，出口端部构造成将打旋的发动机排气与尿素的转化产物的混合物引导至SCR催化器22。在美国专利US 2012/0216513以及申请号为12/57693、12/57886及12/57768的待审的美国专利申请中公开了能用在排放系统10中的混合器30的示例，这些专利/申请也被转让给本申请的受让人并且通过参引并入本文。
如图6中所示，计量给料器子组件100包括具有开口52的顶板50。计量给料器安装结构51邻接顶板50并且保持计量给料器36。计量给料器子组件100包括具有至少一个开口71的筒状壳体70。
如图2中所示，计量给料器36限定计量给料器轴线A。计量给料器的末端54构造成将还原剂经由开口52喷洒至混合器30中。锥形件58的基座端部56邻近开口52定位成使得在计量给料器子组件100中绕计量给料器末端54形成有环形间隙60。排气被引导成沿横向于计量给料器轴线A的方向穿过环形间隙60进入锥形件58的基座端部56。
锥形件58延伸至远端部62，远端部62的直径大于基座端部56的直径。锥形件58具有外表面64和内表面66。基座端部56包括具有大致恒定的直径D1的管状部段68，并且远端部62被限定为具有大于D1的直径D2。锥形件58的内表面66及外表面64从管状部段68向远端部62逐渐外扩。在一个示例中，锥形件58与计量给料器轴线A同轴。在一个示例中，锥形件58可以具有郁金香的形状。
如图2中所示，排气被引导成在垂直于计量给料器轴线A的方向上以绕环形间隙60均匀分布的方式进入锥形件58的基座端部56。筒状壳体70被固定至顶板50并且环绕锥形件58的至少一部分。开口52形成在计量给料器子组件100的顶板中。壳体70包括至少一个开口71以沿着对着锥形件58的外表面64的第一流动方向F1引导排气。之后排气在沿着锥形件58的外表面64的第二流动方向F2上朝向基座端部56流动。之后排气沿第三流动方向F3流动而进入绕基座端部56周向延伸的环形间隙60。在流动经过环形间隙60之后，排气沿第四流动方向F4流动，在该阶段排气与还原剂混合并且在远端部62处离开锥形件58。在一个示例中，第四流动方向F4大致沿着计量给料器轴线A延伸并且与第二流动方向F2相反。此外，第三流动方向F3垂直于第四流动方向F4。
如图8中所示，计量给料器子组件100定位在混合器30的入口挡板80与出口挡板81之间。入口挡板80位于混合器30的上游端部42处。入口挡板80构造成引发穿过混合器30的主排气流的旋涡运动。
在一个示例中，入口挡板80包括接收大部分排气的较大的入口开口82(图3)，并且入口开口82构造成引发旋涡运动。入口挡板80还包括确保排气的最佳均化并减小背压的多个孔、槽或附加的入口开口84。
入口挡板80包括一个或更多个开口90，借助于位于壳体70中的开口71，一个或更多个开口90将小部分排气引导成偏离主流动路径并且朝向锥形件58的外表面64。在一个示例中，有三个开口90a、90b、90c被用于朝向锥形件58的外表面64引导排气。开口90和71有助于使气体围绕锥形件58的基座(图4)均匀分布，从而使均匀分布的气流进入环形间隙60。在一个示例中，开口90a、90b、90c围绕入口挡板80的外周缘彼此间隔开。
在图6中更详细地示出了计量给料器子组件100的壳体70。在一个示例中，壳体70包括完全环绕锥形件58的筒状本体。壳体70包括围绕筒状本体周向地间隔开的多个槽71。在一个示例中，槽71的数量在数量方面对应于入口挡板80中的开口90a、90b和90c的数量。
图7示出了沿第一方向F1穿过壳体70的槽71进入并撞击在锥形件58的外表面上的气流，锥形件58的外表面迫使气流沿第二方向F2朝向锥形件58的基座流动。之后气流沿第三方向F3以均匀分布的方式穿过间隙60进入锥形件的内部。气流沿第四方向F4离开锥形件58的远端部。图8示出了气流在入口挡板80与出口挡板81之间的位置处离开锥形件58。
如图9所示，混合器30包括一个或更多个导向件83。导向件83有助于引导气流穿过环形间隙60。在一个示例中，至少一个导向件83与入口挡板80中的开口90a、90b和90c中的每一个相关联，以根据需要引导朝向锥形件58的流动。
本发明使主排气流的小部分偏离并且沿垂直于喷洒方向的方向再次引入该排气流，其中喷洒方向沿着计量给料器轴线A。排气的再次引入部分是围绕环绕计量给料器末端54的环形间隙60均匀分布的。这产生促使喷雾液滴远离末端54并且远离锥形件58的内表面66的喇叭状流动型态(图5)。此外，该流动构型去除了在现有技术的设计中存在的靠近计量给料器末端的再循环区域。喇叭状的锥形件还保护计量给料器末端54以避免对喷雾的任何扰乱。此外，重要的是要控制引入到环形间隙60中的排气流的量以避免扰乱喷雾。这种类型的流动构型对于产生小液滴尺寸的喷雾的计量给料器尤其有效。
虽然已经公开了本发明的实施方式，但是本领域的普通技术人员会认识到某些改型将包含在本发明的范围内。为此，应研读随附的权利要求以确定本发明的真正的范围及内容。

Claims (20)

1.一种车辆排放系统，包括：
排放部件，所述排放部件包括一个混合器本体，所述混合器本体限定发动机排气通道，所述排放部件包括开口；
计量给料器，所述计量给料器限定计量给料器轴线并且延伸至计量给料器末端，所述计量给料器末端构造成将还原剂经所述开口喷洒至所述发动机排气通道中；
锥形件，所述锥形件定位在所述混合器本体中并具有基座端部，所述基座端部邻近所述开口定位成使得在所述排放部件内形成围绕所述计量给料器末端的环形间隙，并且其中，排气被引导成沿横向于所述计量给料器轴线的方向经所述环形间隙进入所述锥形件的基座端部；以及
壳体，所述壳体定位在所述混合器本体中并环绕所述锥形件的至少一部分，所述壳体包括至少一个槽以对着所述锥形件的外表面直接引导排气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆排放系统，其中，所述排气被引导成沿垂直于所述计量给料器轴线的方向以绕所述环形间隙均匀分布的方式进入所述锥形件的基座端部。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车辆排放系统，其中，所述基座端部延伸至远端部，所述远端部具有比所述基座端部大的直径。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆排放系统，其中，所述壳体固定致所述排气部件，并且其中，所述至少一个槽以沿对着所述锥形件的外表面的第一方向引导排气，之后所述排气在沿着所述锥形件的外表面的第二方向上朝向所述基座端部流动，并且之后所述排气沿第三方向流动而进入所述环形间隙。
5.根据权利要求4所述的车辆排放系统，其中，在流动经过所述环形间隙之后，所述排气沿第四方向流动而离开所述锥形件。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车辆排放系统，其中，所述第四方向大致沿所述计量给料器轴线延伸。
7.根据权利要求5所述的车辆排放系统，其中，所述第三方向垂直于所述第四方向。
8.根据权利要求1所述的车辆排放系统，其中，所述锥形件与所述计量给料器轴线同轴。
9.根据权利要求1所述的车辆排放系统，其中，所述排放部件包括混合器。
10.根据权利要求9所述的车辆排放系统，其中，所述开口定位在所述混合器的入口挡板的下游。
11.根据权利要求10所述的车辆排放系统，其中，所述至少一个槽包括多个沿周向间隔开的槽，并且其中，所述入口挡板包括主开口和多个开口，所述主开口引导排气流的大部分穿过所述混合器，所述多个开口使所述排气流的小部分偏离而朝向所述壳体并且对着所述锥形件的外表面穿过所述槽。
12.根据权利要求11所述的车辆排放系统，其中，所述多个开口包括绕所述入口挡板的外周缘彼此间隔开的至少三个开口。
13.根据权利要求12所述的车辆排放系统，其中，所述基座端部延伸至远端部，所述远端部具有比所述基座端部的直径大的直径，并且其中，输入流仅经由所述三个开口和槽被引导至所述环形间隙中，并且其中，所述锥形件具有经由所述远端部的单个出口。
14.一种用于将还原剂喷射至排放部件中的方法，包括以下步骤：
提供排放部件，所述排放部件包括一个混合器本体，所述混合器本体限定发动机排气通道，所述排放部件包括开口；
将计量给料器安装至所述排放部件，所述计量给料器延伸至计量给料器末端，所述计量给料器末端构造成沿计量给料器喷洒轴线喷射还原剂并且经所述开口将所述还原剂喷射至所述发动机排气通道中；
将锥形件的基座端部定位在所述混合器本体中，使其邻近所述开口以使得在所述排放部件内形成围绕所述计量给料器末端的环形间隙，并且
将壳体定位在所述混合器本体中，使其环绕所述锥形件的至少一部分，所述壳体包括至少一个槽以对着所述锥形件的外表面直接引导排气，并且其中，排气被引导成沿横向于所述计量给料器喷洒轴线的方向经所述环形间隙进入所述锥形件的基座端部。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，排气以绕所述计量给料器喷洒轴线均匀分布的方式进入所述环形间隙。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，包括将所述壳体固定至所述排放部件的步骤，所述至少一个槽沿对着所述锥形件的外表面的第一方向引导排气，之后所述排气在沿着所述锥形件的外表面的第二方向上朝向所述基座端部流动，并且之后所述排气沿第三方向流动而进入所述环形间隙。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中，所述排气在流动经过所述环形间隙之后沿第四方向流动而离开所述锥形件。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中，所述第四方向大致沿所述计量给料器喷洒轴线延伸。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中，所述第三方向垂直于所述第四方向。
20.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，所述至少一个槽包括多个沿周向隔开的槽，并且其中，所述排放部件包括具有入口挡板的混合器，并且所述方法包括将所述入口挡板成形为包括主开口和多个开口的步骤，所述主开口将排气流的大部分引导穿过所述混合器，所述多个开口使所述排气流的小部分偏离而朝向所述壳体并且对着所述锥形件的外表面穿过所述槽。
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