CN1063479C - 用于金属热加工工件的润滑剂组合物 - Google Patents

用于金属热加工工件的润滑剂组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1063479C
CN1063479C CN96106237A CN96106237A CN1063479C CN 1063479 C CN1063479 C CN 1063479C CN 96106237 A CN96106237 A CN 96106237A CN 96106237 A CN96106237 A CN 96106237A CN 1063479 C CN1063479 C CN 1063479C
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weight
water
lubricant compositions
sodium
frit
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CN1143107A (zh
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J·佩里阿尔德
H·R·斯托布
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Imerys Graphite and Carbon Switzerland SA
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Imerys Graphite and Carbon Switzerland SA
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种适用于表面温度为800-1300℃的工件的润滑剂组合物。

Description

用于金属热加工工件的润滑剂组合物
本发明涉及用于金属热加工中工件的新型润滑剂组合物，特别是涉及用于钢锭和型材的热轧或用于在所谓的设备(stossbankan-lagen)中制造空心管坯的润滑剂组合物。
根据待加工的金属具有约800-1300℃表面温度的事实，人们在实践中一直致力于工具的润滑，它们较好地接近于最高为400℃的最佳润滑温度。
虽然在现有技术如在CH-PS 660023中已揭示，用所述的润滑剂分散体也可处理温度超过600℃的工件，但实践比较表明在约800-1300℃的温度间没有形成有效粘附的润滑剂膜。缺少有效粘附性的原因主要是由于有机组份的迅速热解，这种热解使润滑剂膜无法粘附。而且有机组份热解的同时产生烟雾，这样对工作环境也是令人讨厌的伴生现象。在实际试验中也没有发现：CH-PS 670106中所述的粉末状润滑剂/酸洗剂组合物可以形成润滑剂膜。在这种情况下单独均匀使用粉末混合物就格外困难。
视工具类型的不同，工具的润滑也有不同的困难。这样仅由于工具的几何形状也会给润滑剂的使用带来很多困难，或低至近于100℃的工具温度可能造成不能很好地形成润滑剂膜。因为工具需不断用大量的冷却水处理，所以必然会损失大量的润滑剂，这些损失的润滑剂会污染废水，因此需对废水进行相应的后处理。为了获得良好的润滑作用就相对地需要更多的润滑剂。
因此本发明的任务是开发没有上述缺点，且适于在表面温度为800-1300℃的工件上形成均匀、粘附性好及不溶于水的润滑剂膜的润滑剂组合物。
本发明的任务可用权利要求1所述的新型润滑剂组合物加以解决，这种组合物包括如下组份：
a)0-80％(重量)玻璃粉和/或0-50％(重量)玻璃料
b)10-25％(重量)天然石墨或合成石墨
c)5-20％(重量)一种或多种通式为Me2OnSiO2的碱金属硅酸盐，其中Me表示锂、钾或钠，n是一个1-4的数值
d)1-6％(重量)溶于水的聚偏磷酸钠
e)0-3％(重量)不溶于水的聚偏磷酸钠
f)0.5-3％(重量)增稠剂
g)0-1％(重量)硼砂
对于表面温度超过800℃的工件上的应用，优先使用包括如下组份的润滑剂组合物：
a)0-20％(重量)玻璃粉和/或30-50％(重量)玻璃料
b)20-25％(重量)天然石墨或合成石墨
c)7-20％(重量)一种或多种通式为Me2OnSiO2的碱金属硅酸盐，其中Me表示锂、钾或钠，n是一个1-4的数值
d)2-6％(重量)溶于水的聚偏磷酸钠
e)0-1％(重量)不溶于水的聚偏磷酸钠
f)3-4％(重量)增稠剂
g)0.2-0.7％(重量)硼砂
对于表面温度超过1000℃的工件，优选使用包括如下组份的润滑剂组合物：
a)45-70％(重量)玻璃粉和/或0-20％(重量)玻璃料
b)20-25％(重量)天然石墨或合成石墨
c)7-20％(重量)一种或多种通式为Me2OnSiO2的碱金属硅酸盐，其中Me表示锂、钾或钠，n是一个1-4的数值
d)1-2％(重量)溶于水的聚偏磷酸钠
e)0-1％(重量)不溶于水的聚偏磷酸钠
f)1.5-2％(重量)增稠剂
g)0-0.25％(重量)硼砂
平均粒径d50小于100微米和软化温度范围为约700-900℃的标准玻璃(CAS Nr.65977-17-3)适用作玻璃粉。玻璃粉是润滑剂成膜性能极好的决定性因素。因为玻璃粉有较高的软化点，所以当工件表面温度超过1000℃时可以使用越来越多的玻璃粉。
与此相反，当使用温度低于约800℃时，优先使用玻璃料。
由于玻璃料具有比玻璃粉更低的在500至700℃之间的软化温度范围，所以它的成膜性能很好。从化学组份来说玻璃料宜为碱金属-碱土金属-硼铝硅酸盐，且通常使用平均粒度d50小于100微米的玻璃料。
根据在给定范围内的应用，玻璃粉和玻璃料可按任意混合比例使用。
石墨构成另一个主要的组份。它既可以是合成石墨又可以是天然石墨。
所用石墨的平均粒度d50宜小于100微米。最好使用结晶度高的石墨，即使用晶体长度(Kristallitlaenge)Lc大于100毫微米的石墨。
溶于水的碱金属硅酸盐主要起到粘合剂的作用。可以单独或混合使用通式为Me2OnSiO2的溶于水的碱金属硅酸盐，其中Me表示锂、钾或钠，n是一个1-4的数值。优选使用所述通式中n=1-1.5的硅酸钠、或n=3.3-3.5的硅酸钠(水玻璃)、或所述硅酸钠与通式为K2OnSiO2(其中n等于2.4-3)的硅酸钾和/或通式为Li2OnSiO2(其中n等于2.4-3)的硅酸锂的低共熔混合物。
最好使用硅酸钠∶硅酸钾∶硅酸锂=12.3％∶67.5％∶20.7％的所述优选碱金属硅酸盐的混合物。
溶于水的偏聚磷酸钠用作抑制泡沫形成的润滑剂组份。偏聚磷酸钠最好理解为通式为(NaPO3)n的化合物，其中n小于450。这些化合物也称为“六偏磷酸盐”或“格雷姆盐”(Grahamsches Salz)。
另外可以添加用作粘合剂的不溶于水的偏聚磷酸盐。对此特别合适的是通式为(NaPO3)n长链高分子量偏磷酸钠(“MaddrellschesSalz”，其中n为40-70。根据目的加入多糖或多糖衍生物增稠剂对于保持恒定的粘度、润滑剂分散体在宽的温度范围内的稳定性和抑制分散体中固体组份的沉淀来说是十分重要的。对此宜于使用生物多糖如黄原胶(Xanthan)、Rhamsan胶或烷基纤维素如羟甲基纤维素。
加入用作增稠剂的聚丙烯酸碱金属盐，特别是聚丙烯酸钠可以取得相似的结果。
为了抑制细菌的侵蚀宜在润滑剂组合物中添加市售的杀生物剂。
最后可以加入用作粘附调节剂的硼砂(四硼酸钠·10水)。
本发明的润滑剂宜以固体含量优选为20-50％的水分散体形式加以使用。所述的限度完全可以向上或向下变化。分散体可以在市售的能产生高剪切力的分散机中进行制备(参见EP-PS 218989)。
应用范围广的分散体宜有在1000-7000 Mpa的粘度(流变体(Rheomat)15，20℃，测定池B，速度5)，但分散体的粘度可以通过加入增稠剂加以改变。
润滑剂分散体可用喷射分散体系的已知系统加以使用(参见EP-A 453801)。
以上公开的本发明润滑剂组合物适用于表面温度为800-1300℃的工件，所述的工件用于金属热加工，特别在钢锭和型材的热轧或或用于设备中制备管坯。分散体可在加工前不久涂在工件上。事先除去工件的鳞皮不是十分必要的。水迅速蒸发后在几秒钟内就在工件上形成均匀的不溶于水的润滑剂膜，该润滑剂膜在随后的加工过程中不受影响。
实施例
以下的粘度值在流变体15，20℃，测定池B，速度5的条件下进行测定。配方1(适于表面温度为850-1200℃的工件)。
49.17％(重量)玻璃料(d70＜100微米的Bindefritte K2244，Schauer公司，A-Wien)
25.00％(重量)石墨(d50为24微米的合成石墨T75，LONZAG&T，CH-Sins)
15.67％(重量)水玻璃(溶于水的硅酸钠Na2OnSiO2，其中n=3.3-3.5)
6.00％(重量)溶于水的聚磷酸钠(Alcopon，Benckiser-Knap-sack，D-Ladenburg)
3.33％(重量)羟甲基纤维素(Dow化学公司)
0.67％(重量)硼砂
0.16％(重量)杀生物剂
分散体在水中的含量(％)：20％
粘度：1000-2000MPas。配方2(适于表面温度为1000-1250℃的工件)。
64.85％(重量)玻璃粉(Kuppenheim材料厂生产的d70＜63微米的玻璃粉300)
24.94％(重量)石墨(d50为24微米的合成石墨T75，LONZAG&T，CH-Sins)
6.98％(重量)溶于水的硅酸钠(Na2OnSiO2，其中n=1-1.15)
1.67％(重量)溶于水的聚磷酸钠(Alcopon，Benckiser-Knap-sack，D-Ladenburg)
1.33％(重量)羟甲基纤维素(Dow化学公司)
0.22％(重量)黄原胶(Xanthan)
0.01％(重量)杀生物剂
分散体在水的含量(％)：40％
粘度：1000-3000MPas。配方3(适于表面温度为1000-1250℃的工件)。
47.78％(重量)玻璃粉(Kuppenheim材料厂生产的d70＜63微米的玻璃粉300)
16.53％(重量)玻璃料(d70＜100微米的Bindefritte K2244，Schauer公司，A-Wien)
24.84％(重量)石墨(d50为24微米的合成石墨T75，LONZAG&T，CH-Sins)
6.74％(重量)溶于水的碱金属硅酸盐混合物(硅酸钠∶硅酸钾∶硅酸锂=12.3∶67.5∶20.7，Me2OnSiO2，其中n=2.7)
1.32％(重量)溶于水的聚磷酸钠(Alcopon，Benckiser-Knap-sack，D-Ladenburg)
0.92％(重量)不溶于水的聚磷酸钠(Dentphos M，Benckiser-Knapsack，D-Ladenburg)
0.25％(重量)硼砂
0.45％(重量)黄原胶(Xanthan)
1.10％(重量)羟甲基纤维素(Dow化学公司)
0.07％(重量)杀生物剂
分散体在水中的含量(％)：40％
粘度：1000-5000MPas。配方4(适于表面温度为850-1250℃的工件)。
49.53％(重量)玻璃料(d70＜100微米的Bindefritte K2244，Schauer公司，A-Wien)
24.76％(重量)石墨(d50为24微米的合成石墨T75，LONZAG&T，CH-Sins)
6.74％(重量)溶于水的碱金属硅酸盐混合物(硅酸钠∶硅酸钾∶硅酸锂=12.3∶67.5∶20.7，Me2OnSiO2，其中n=2.7)
2.64％(重量)溶于水的聚磷酸钠(Alcopon,Benckiser-Knap-sack,D-Ladenburg)
1.32％(重量)不溶于水的聚磷酸钠(Dentphos M,Benckiser-Knapsack,D-Ladenburg)
0.66％(重量)硼砂
3.30％(重量)羟甲基纤维素(Dow化学公司)
0.71％(重量)聚丙烯酸钠(Carbopol，Goodrich化学公司)
0.14％(重量)杀生物剂
分散体在水中的含量(％)：20％
粘度：1000-5000MPas。对比配方1：(按CH-PS 660023，实施例1)
54％(重量)结晶石墨
11％(重量)长链高分子量偏磷酸盐
5％(重量)硼砂
10％(重量)硅酸钠(水玻璃SiO2/Na2O=3.3)
18％(重量)聚乙烯
2％(重量)烷基纤维素
固体含量为30％(重量)的水分散体
粘度为1900MPas。对比配方2：(按CH-PS 670106，实施例2)70％(重量)三聚磷酸钠(Na5P3O10)
4％(重量)石墨
26％(重量)Na2B2O48H2O粉末混合物：对比试验：试验条件：
用一个距离43厘米的喷嘴(压力50巴)将配方1-4以及对比配方1喷在一个以1.5米/秒速度移动的尺寸为29厘米×6厘米×3厘米的垂直钢锭的800-1050℃的高温表面。按照CH-PS670106所述的方法将对比配方进行干喷。形成的润滑剂膜按如下等级进行评估。
等级1
没有形成润滑剂膜
等级2
形成粘附时间很短(几秒钟)的易碎润滑剂膜
等级3
迅速形成均匀、釉状、粘附性好、机械稳定性和耐水性高的润滑剂膜试验结果
配方 试验结果(等级)
1 3(850℃起)
2 3(1000℃起)
3 3(1000℃起)
4 3(850℃起)
对比1 1
对比2 2

Claims (12)

1．一种用于金属热加工工件的润滑剂组合物，其特征在于它包括：
a)0-80％(重量)玻璃粉和/或0-50％(重量)玻璃料
b)10-25％(重量)天然石墨或合成石墨
c)5-20％(重量)一种或多种通式为Me2OnSiO2的碱金属硅酸盐，其中Me表示锂、钾或钠，n是一个1-4的数值
d)1-6％(重量)溶于水的聚偏磷酸钠
e)0-3％(重量)不溶于水的聚偏磷酸钠
f)0.5-3％(重量)增稠剂
g)0-1％(重量)硼砂。
2．如权利要求1所述的润滑剂组合物，其特征在于使用平均粒径d50小于100微米和软化温度范围为约700-900℃的玻璃粉。
3．如权利要求1或2所述的润滑剂组合物，其特征在于使用平均粒径d50小于100微米和软化温度范围为约500-700℃的玻璃料。
4．如权利要求1所述的润滑剂组合物，其特征在于单独或混合使用通式为Me2OnSiO2的溶于水的碱金属硅酸盐，其中Me表示锂、钾或钠，n是一个1-4的数值。
5．如权利要求1所述的润滑剂组合物，其特征在于将通式为(NaPO3)n的格雷姆盐用作溶于水的聚偏磷酸钠，其中n小于450。
6．如权利要求1所述的润滑剂组合物，其特征在于将通式为(NaPO3)n的长链高分子量偏磷酸钠用作不溶于水的聚偏磷酸钠，其中n为40-70。
7．如权利要求1所述的润滑剂组合物，其特征在于将多糖、多糖衍生物或聚丙烯酸碱金属盐用作增稠剂。
8．如权利要求1所述的润滑剂组合物，其特征在于它是水分散体。
9．如权利要求1所述的润滑剂组合物，其特征在于它是固体含量为20-50％的水分散体。
10．如权利要求1所述的用于表面温度超过800℃的工件的润滑剂组合物，其特征在于它包括：
a)0-20％(重量)玻璃粉和/或30-50％(重量)玻璃料
b)20-25％(重量)天然石墨或合成石墨
c)7-20％(重量)一种或多种通式为Me2OnSiO2的碱金属硅酸盐，其中Me表示锂、钾或钠，n是一个1-4的数值
d)2-6％(重量)溶于水的聚偏磷酸钠
e)0-1％(重量)不溶于水的聚偏磷酸钠
f)3-4％(重量)增稠剂
g)0.2-0.7％(重量)硼砂。
11．如权利要求1所述的用于表面温度超过1000℃的工件的润滑剂组合物，其特征在于它包括：
a)45-70％(重量)玻璃粉和/或0-20％(重量)玻璃料
b)20-25％(重量)天然石墨或合成石墨
c)7-20％(重量)一种或多种通式为Me2OnSiO2的碱金属硅酸盐，其中Me表示锂、钾或钠，n是一个1-4的数值
d)1-2％(重量)溶于水的聚偏磷酸钠
e)0-1％(重量)不溶于水的聚偏磷酸钠
f)1.5-2％(重量)增稠剂
g)0-0.25％(重量)硼砂。
12．如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的润滑剂组合物在金属热加工中表面温度在800-1300℃的工件的直接润滑中的应用。
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