CN106311199B - 一种稳定分散且光催化活性可控的SiO2@TiO2核壳结构、其制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种稳定分散且光催化活性可控的SiO2@TiO2核壳结构、其制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种稳定分散且光催化活性可控的SiO2@TiO2核壳结构的制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)将TiO2加入蒸馏水中配置成浓度为100~500g/L的悬浊液,加入TiO2质量0.1%~0.5%的(NaPO3)6作为分散剂,搅拌0.5‑2h;(2)将步骤(1)所得物加热至60‑100℃,搅拌下同时加入硅酸钠溶液与硫酸溶液,使硅酸钠与二氧化钛的摩尔比为1:(5~45),反应体系pH为8~11,反应1h~3h,室温陈化1.5~3h后,用蒸馏水洗涤至电导率小于20mS/m,得到SiO2@TiO2的悬浊液;或者,将SiO2@TiO2的悬浊液在100~110℃下干燥至少24h,研磨得到SiO2@TiO2粉体。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化工技术领域,具体涉及一种稳定分散且光催化活性可控的SiO2@TiO2核壳结构、其制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
TiO2主要有锐钛矿、金红石、板钛矿等晶型,其广泛应用于工业领域如涂料、塑料、造纸、印刷油墨、化纤、橡胶、化妆品;环境保护领域如作为光催化剂消除环境污染物;食品行业;化妆品行业等。根据《2013-2017年中国钛白粉行业产销需求与投资预测分析报告》数据显示,我国钛白粉总产能占世界的30%,是世界最大的钛白粉生产国,也是世界最大钛白粉消费国。单纯的二氧化钛市场竞争大、利润空间小,因此,对二氧化钛进行表面修饰、提高产品附加值势必成为二氧化钛行业发展的趋势。二氧化钛作为一种半导体,能够在紫外光激发下产生具有强氧化性的空穴及羟基自由基,光催化降解在其表面吸附的有机物,纳米级TiO2颗粒小、比表面积大等,有利于光催化活性的进一步增强,但高的表面能使其极易团聚。TiO2是涂料、油漆等产品中一种重要的添加剂,高的光催化活性容易使涂料和油漆中的有机成膜物质发生降解,造成产品黄变脱落、稳定性和耐候性差;且TiO2的团聚问题也影响产品分散性。因此,设计一类催化活性可控、分散性稳定的TiO2添加剂,并开发其宏量制备方法,对于提高相关产品的附加值具有重要价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种稳定分散且光催化活性可控的SiO2@TiO2核壳结构、其制备方法及其应用。
基于上述目的,本发明采取如下技术方案:
一种稳定分散且光催化活性可控的SiO2@TiO2核壳结构的宏量制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将TiO2加入蒸馏水中配置成浓度为100~500 g/L的悬浊液,加入TiO2质量0.1%~0.5%的(NaPO3)6作为分散剂,搅拌0.5-2 h;
(2)将步骤(1)的溶液加热至60-100 ℃,搅拌下同时加入硅酸钠溶液与硫酸溶液,使硅酸钠与二氧化钛的摩尔比为1:(5~45),反应体系的pH为8~11,反应1h~3h,室温陈化1.5~3 h后,用蒸馏水洗涤至电导率小于20 mS/m,得到SiO2@TiO2的悬浊液;或者,将该SiO2@TiO2的悬浊液在100~110℃下干燥至少24 h,研磨得到SiO2@TiO2粉体,@表示包覆。
进一步地,上述制备方法还包括步骤(3):将步骤(2)SiO2@TiO2粉体配置成10~50wt%的悬浊液,用浓氨水调节pH=8~11,加入硅烷偶联剂,搅拌0.5-2 h,得到SiO2@TiO2悬浊液。
所述步骤(1)中TiO2为锐钛矿型二氧化钛、金红石型二氧化钛或P25。
所述步骤(2)中硅酸钠溶液的浓度为0.5 ~1mol/L(优选0.5 mol/L),硫酸溶液的浓度为0.5~1.5 mol/L。
所述硅烷偶联剂为KH-550、KH-560、KH-570、KH-792或DL-602。
上述宏量制备方法制得的稳定分散且光催化活性可控的SiO2@TiO2核壳结构。
上述稳定分散且光催化活性可控的SiO2@TiO2核壳结构作为光催化剂的应用。
光催化活性测试以100 mL10 mg/L甲基橙溶液为目标反应物,氙灯为光源,SiO2@TiO2光催化剂的用量为0.1 g。
本发明针对现有方法制备的SiO2@TiO2颗粒壳层厚度不均匀,光催化活性不可控,由于颗粒尺寸小、比表面大、表面能高所引起的团聚、沉淀、易凝结、不易分散等技术问题,提供了一种采用液相化学沉积法,以锐钛矿型二氧化钛、金红石型二氧化钛、P25和新型二氧化钛作为原料,硅酸钠为壳层前驱体,制备出不同壳层厚度的SiO2@TiO2颗粒,并利用硅烷偶联剂修饰,使其能够均匀稳定的分散。采用本方法制备并分散的SiO2@TiO2颗粒,壳层厚度均匀且可控,光催化活性可控,分散性稳定。本发明的SiO2@TiO2颗粒对甲基橙具有很好的光催化降解作用。本发明实验方法、设备和工艺简单易行,重复性好,制得的SiO2@TiO2颗粒可以广泛应用于涂料、油墨、颜料等行业。
附图说明
图1(a)、(b)分别实施例1和试验例1得到的产品的透射电子显微镜图;
(b)图是在1:10条件下对(a)进行修饰,由图中可知修饰后的二氧化钛表面的壳层厚度约为12nm;
图2为原料TiO2及实施例1至3、实施例5、实施例7所得样品的XRD图;
图3为原料TiO2及实施例1至7所得SiO2@TiO2颗粒的壳层厚度分布图;
图4为原料TiO2与SiO2-TiO2不同摩尔比时光催化活性图;
图5(a)、5(b)是原料TiO2及试验例1得到产品的接触角。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实例对本发明做进一步的详细说明,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。
实施例1
一种稳定分散且光催化活性可控SiO2@TiO2核壳结构的宏量制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将100 g锐钛矿TiO2加入蒸馏水中配成浓度为100 g/L的悬浊液,加入0.3g的(NaPO3)6作为分散剂,搅拌30 min;
(2)将步骤(1)分散好的样品转移到反应器中,80℃水浴、搅拌速率为800 r/min下,向反应器中同时加入0.5mol/L硅酸钠溶液与1.5 mol/L硫酸溶液,硅酸钠与二氧化钛的摩尔比为1:10,反应体系pH=9.5,硅酸钠溶液的滴加速度为1.5 mL/min,反应2h后,室温陈化3 h,用蒸馏水洗涤至电导率小于20 mS/m,得到一定固液比的SiO2@TiO2悬浊液储存;
(3)或将步骤(2)的SiO2@TiO2悬浊液在105 ℃下干燥24 h,研磨成粉体储存,@表示包覆。
实施例2
一种稳定分散且光催化活性可控SiO2@TiO2核壳结构的宏量制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将100 g锐钛矿TiO2加入蒸馏水中配成浓度为300g/L的悬浊液,加入0.5g的(NaPO3)6作为分散剂,搅拌1h;
(2)将步骤(1)分散好的样品转移到反应器中,60℃水浴、搅拌速率为200 r/min下,向反应器中同时加入0.5mol/L硅酸钠溶液与0.5mol/L硫酸溶液,硅酸钠与二氧化钛的摩尔比为1:7.5,反应体系pH=8,硅酸钠溶液的滴加速度为1.5 mL/min,反应1h后,室温陈化2 h,用蒸馏水洗涤至电导率小于20 mS/m,得到一定固液比的SiO2@TiO2悬浊液储存;
(3)或将步骤(2)的SiO2@TiO2悬浊液在105 ℃下干燥24 h,研磨成粉体储存,@表示包覆。
实施例3
一种稳定分散且光催化活性可控SiO2@TiO2核壳结构的宏量制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将100 g锐钛矿TiO2加入蒸馏水中配成浓度为500g/L的悬浊液,加入0.1g的(NaPO3)6作为分散剂,搅拌2h;
(2)将步骤(1)分散好的样品转移到反应器中,100℃水浴、搅拌速率为500 r/min下,向反应器中同时加入0.5mol/L硅酸钠溶液与1mol/L硫酸溶液,硅酸钠与二氧化钛的摩尔比为1:15,反应体系pH=10,硅酸钠溶液的滴加速度为1.5 mL/min,反应3h后,室温陈化1.5 h,用蒸馏水洗涤至电导率小于20 mS/m,得到一定固液比的SiO2@TiO2悬浊液储存;
(3)或将步骤(2)的SiO2@TiO2悬浊液在105 ℃下干燥24 h,研磨成粉体储存,@表示包覆。
实施例4
一种稳定分散且光催化活性可控SiO2@TiO2核壳结构的宏量制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将100 g锐钛矿TiO2加入蒸馏水中配成浓度为200g/L的悬浊液,加入0.2g的(NaPO3)6作为分散剂,搅拌1h;
(2)将步骤(1)分散好的样品转移到反应器中,70℃水浴、搅拌速率为600 r/min下,向反应器中同时加入0.5mol/L硅酸钠溶液与0.5mol/L硫酸溶液,硅酸钠与二氧化钛的摩尔比为1:20,反应体系pH=11,硅酸钠溶液的滴加速度为1.5 mL/min,反应1h后,室温陈化1.5 h,用蒸馏水洗涤至电导率小于20 mS/m,得到一定固液比的SiO2@TiO2悬浊液储存;
(3)或将步骤(2)的SiO2@TiO2悬浊液在105 ℃下干燥24 h,研磨成粉体储存,@表示包覆。
实施例5
与实施1不同的是硅酸钠与二氧化钛的摩尔比为1:25。
实施例6
与实施1不同的是硅酸钠与二氧化钛的摩尔比为1:30。
实施例7
与实施1不同的是硅酸钠与二氧化钛的摩尔比为1:35。
原料TiO2及实施例1至3、实施例5、实施例7所得样品的XRD图见图2;由图2可以看出,原料二氧化钛晶型为锐钛矿型,随着包覆二氧化硅的量增加,首先二氧化钛的晶型没有变化,再者图中没有出现二氧化硅的峰说明生成的二氧化硅是无定型态。
原料TiO2及实施例1至7所得SiO2@TiO2颗粒的壳层厚度分布图见图3;由图3可以看出,随着硅酸钠的加入量的增加壳层厚度增加。
实施例8
与实施1不同的是原料由锐钛矿型二氧化钛改为金红石型二氧化钛。
实施例9
与实施1不同的是原料由锐钛矿型二氧化钛改为P25。
试验例1
将实施例1中SiO2@TiO2粉体溶于蒸馏水配置成1L 50wt%的悬浊液,搅拌分散,用25wt%-28wt%浓氨水调节pH为11,加入4mL硅烷偶联剂KH-550进行修饰,继续搅拌30 min,得到SiO2@TiO2的悬浊液,如图5所示,原料二氧化钛和在利用硅烷偶联剂分散后得到的产品接触角均小于30°,都是亲水性。
试验例2
取0.1g实施例1至7制得的产品分别加入100mL甲基橙溶液(浓度为10 mg/L)中,氙灯为光源,进行光催化活性测试,测试结果见图4,由图4可知锐钛矿型二氧化钛的光催化性随着加入的硅酸钠的量的增加而实现可控性降低。
试验例3
沉降实验
分别取三份100g实施例1制得的SiO2@TiO2粉体溶于100mL蒸馏水,搅匀,用25wt%-28wt%浓氨水调节pH为11,分别加入硅烷偶联剂KH-550进行修饰,分别取上述3组物质于5mL比色管中,室温放置,观察现象,结果见表1,由表1可知,加入2mL硅烷偶联剂KH-550时,放置12h后,比色管上层只有高约为0.5mm的上清液,下部全部为悬浊液(无沉淀产生),加入3mL硅烷偶联剂KH-550时,放置12h后,比色管上层只有高约为1mm的上清液,下部全部为悬浊液(无沉淀产生),证明加入硅烷偶联剂后,SiO2@TiO2粉体在水中分散性良好。
表1
Claims (4)
1.一种稳定分散且光催化活性可控的SiO2@TiO2核壳结构的宏量制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将TiO2加入蒸馏水中配置成浓度为100~500g/L的悬浊液,加入TiO2质量0.1%~0.5%的(NaPO3)6作为分散剂,搅拌0.5-2h;
(2)将步骤(1)所得物加热至60-100℃,搅拌下同时加入硅酸钠溶液与硫酸溶液,使硅酸钠与二氧化钛的摩尔比为1:(5~45),反应体系的pH为8~11,反应1h~3h,室温陈化1.5~3h后,用蒸馏水洗涤至电导率小于20mS/m,得到SiO2@TiO2的悬浊液;或者,将SiO2@TiO2的悬浊液在100~110℃下干燥至少24h,研磨得到SiO2@TiO2粉体,@表示包覆;所述步骤(2)中硅酸钠溶液浓度为0.5~1mol/L,硫酸溶液浓度为0.5~1.5mol/L;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的SiO2@TiO2粉体配置成10~50wt%的悬浊液,用浓氨水调节pH=8~11,加入硅烷偶联剂,搅拌0.5-2h,得到SiO2@TiO2悬浊液;
所述硅烷偶联剂为KH-550、KH-560、KH-570、KH-792或DL-602。
2.根据权利要求1所述的稳定分散且光催化活性可控的SiO2@TiO2核壳结构的宏量制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中TiO2为锐钛矿型二氧化钛、金红石型二氧化钛或P25。
3.权利要求1或2所述的宏量制备方法制得的稳定分散且光催化活性可控的SiO2@TiO2核壳结构。
4.权利要求3所述的稳定分散且光催化活性可控的SiO2@TiO2核壳结构作为光催化剂的应用,其特征在于,以100mL 10mg/L甲基橙溶液为目标反应物,氙灯为光源,SiO2@TiO2光催化剂的用量为0.1g。
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