CN1062847A - 吸入装置 - Google Patents

吸入装置 Download PDF

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CN1062847A
CN1062847A CN91111271A CN91111271A CN1062847A CN 1062847 A CN1062847 A CN 1062847A CN 91111271 A CN91111271 A CN 91111271A CN 91111271 A CN91111271 A CN 91111271A CN 1062847 A CN1062847 A CN 1062847A
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A·R·古特
H·克拉达斯
H·D·露特曼
B·齐伦贝格
R·K·A·奥维宁
M·T·维德格伦
K·P·J·卡尔图宁
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种无推进的吸入装置,该装置具有 一个供给腔,其内有定量的粉状药物;一个带有一个 或多个计量腔的可转动的计量装置,以便在一个确定 的位置上从供给腔接收待吸入的药物剂量,并在另一 位置上排出该剂量。该吸入装置还设有主动吸入的 吸管和一条空气槽,以便将从计量腔来的排出剂量分 布在吸入的空气流中。

Description

本发明涉及一种吸入装置。
德国专利DE  35  35  561公开了一种无推进的吸入装置,该装置有一个供给腔,其内具有定量的粉状药物;一个可转动的计量装置形式的手动测剂量装置,该可转动的计量装置有一个或多个周边凹部(计量腔),用于在一个位置从供给腔接收一剂待吸入的药物,并在另一位置排出该剂量;一个在吸入装置的壳体一侧上形成用于主动吸入并带一条空气槽的吸管,该空气槽用于将排出的剂量分布在吸入的空气流中;该吸入装置还有包括在壳体内的至少一个空气入口。
在该已知的吸入装置中,吸管是以这样一种方法安排的,即它的轴线平行于计量装置的轴线延伸。它的空气槽通过在计量腔的平面上形成一个空腔,在计量装置的下面引向壳体上设置空气入口侧的相对侧。如果由于计量装置的转动,经装填的凹部(计量腔)面对吸管的空气槽,由于重力的影响,以前从供给腔排出的粉剂会落下,并且,如果希望的话,粉剂可由一振动机构支撑从计量腔落入空气槽的空腔内,然后用主动吸入法吸入病人的肺中。空气槽有一段节流区域,该区域通过扰动促进空气与药物的混合。
上述已知的吸入装置存在两个关键性的缺点。即,一方面在计量待吸入粉末的精度上和排空剂量腔的精度上不能令人满意,另一方面不能保证粉末在吸入的空气中可靠地扩散。为了适当地控制该已知的装置,必须使用双手,并且不能保证剂量腔的排空以及使所有的粉末排出吸管。
本发明的目的是构造一种吸入装置,该装置起源于上述无推进的吸入装置,其中吸入的剂量可以一个高精度等级复现;而且可实现药物在吸入空气内的完全扩散。
本发明是通过下列特征来实现的:吸管的主轴线和计量装置的轴线形成的角度范围在70到110度,最好为90度。空气槽偏移供给腔的出口在计量装置的平面上直接引到计量装置的周边上。空气入口在吸管的连接区域上形成并在空气槽的孔口区域延伸到计量装置的周边上。
在本发明的无推进吸入装置中,空气入口以这样一种方法安排,即空气导管的通道分别这样选择,使空气在吸入过程开始时直接导入计量装置已填充的计量腔内,该计量腔被流入的空气彻底地冲尽。因此,吸入的空气将计量腔冲干净。由于计量腔和吸管的孔口之间的空气通道相当短,所以吹出的剂量几乎完全地被病人吸收。因此,在本发明的无推进吸入装置中,实际吸入的剂量是以一个高的等级或精度重复的,而且药物在空气流中实现了完全的扩散。
在该实施例的一个特征中,计量装置容纳在一个固定的空心圆柱形壳体中,该壳体具有对应于计量腔宽度的切口并在计量装置的圆周上按照计量腔的角度间隔隔开,所述的切口位于供给腔区域一侧和吸管的空气槽区域的另一侧上,并且空气入口通入圆柱形的壳体内。
这样一种实施在来自于供给腔的待吸入剂量的吸入方面和待吸入的剂量排入吸管的空气槽内的另一方面之间产生一种无倒行的完全分离。
在与吸管相联系的凹部和吸管的空气槽的壁部之间,最好设置一个孔口,使吸入的空气直接在计量装置的周边上通过。当该孔口模制成一个喷嘴时,会导致一股清除位于该孔口前面的计量腔的特别强的空气射流。
用于吸入的治疗制剂常常由一种粉化药品和一种在一起形成聚集体(DE-A-1792207)的少量的磨成细粉的辅助物品所组成。但是,如果该制剂仅由不均匀的粉化颗粒所组成,也会形成聚集体。只有药品的各个颗粒到达病人肺的更深部位。因此,早在该装置的吸管上时就应发生辅助物品和药品颗粒的分离和除聚集体的作用(扩散)。为了这个目的,应在该聚集物上施加尽可能高的剪切力,以帮助扩散相互粘在一起的颗粒。因此,按照该实施例的另一特征,吸管上的空气槽的横截面形状适合于产生高的剪切力。
本发明的其它一些特点和优点通过对附图中显示的例子的说明将会更清楚。
图1是本发明吸入装置的一个实施例的轴向剖视图;
图2是与图1相应的吸入装置的结构分解视图,结合了该装置的一些部件的其它一些变化;
图3是该吸入装置的一个变更型的计量装置的横截面图;
图4是另一变更型的计量装置的横截面图。
图1显示一个带有一供给腔1的无推进吸入装置,定量提供的待吸入粉状药物充填在供给腔内。通常,总量足以到达300个单剂量。
供给腔的横截面为正方形(图2),一个盖子1a朝着底部逐渐变细。一个加长套盖2套在供给腔1上。
在供给腔1的锥部1c的端部上有一个带有五个周边凹部4,又称计量腔的手动计量装置。在图1中显示的计量装置的位置上,当前一装填的计量腔4b准备排出时,上部计量腔4a正好由供给腔1来的待吸入药物剂量充填。
在该吸入装置的一侧上形成一个吸管5,药物可以通过这个吸管主动地被吸入,该吸管有一条空气槽6,用于使从计量腔4b排出的剂量扩散在吸入的空气流中。在例举的这个实施例中,吸管5的主轴线21与计量装置3的轴线约成90度。但是,本发明的实施并不限于这种形式,也可以形成约70度到110度的角度。因此,在这个例子中,提到的空气槽的纵向轴线垂直于计量装置的纵向轴线。在该计量装置的附近,空气槽在计量装置的平面上直接导入它的周边。按照图1中所示的位置,空气槽直接对着该计量装置,即,对着计量腔4b。
计量装置容纳在一个固定的空心圆柱形壳体7中,该壳体具有对应于计量腔4宽度的切口,借助于计量腔4a和4b的角度间隔在圆周上隔开,这些切口设在供给腔的锥形部1c区域一侧上和吸管5的空气槽6排出口区域的另一侧上。
在吸管连接的区域上设有空气入口8。吸入的空气导入面对吸管的空心圆柱形壳体的切口和吸管的壁部5a之间的开口7b中。空气从该开口象一股射流直接进入计量腔4b,并将其内容纳的药粉吹出进入吸管5的空气槽6中,不剩任何残留物。最好将上述空气供给开口7b模制成一喷嘴,以产生一股很强的均衡空气流。
在图2中,图1所示吸入装置的结构用分解视图表示的更清楚。
套盖2与盖舌2a一起(其作用将在下面进一步解释)适合于套在供给腔1和它的盖1a上。所述的盖关闭供给腔的上边缘。供给腔1和空心圆柱形壳体7之间提供了整体连接,而壳体7适合于安装带有计量腔4的计量装置3。与供给腔一起模制的还有该装置的后壁9,而且附件7a安装包括带有空气入口8的壁5b和空气槽6以及该装置的底侧5c(图1)的吸管5。
除了计量腔4之外,计量装置3还有与盖舌2a啮合的齿3a,以便对应于计量腔4和壳体7上的切口(图1)之间的周向间隔其转动只能分步完成。计量装置的制动驱动装置自动地使计量腔与一侧上的供给腔的出口和另一侧上的吸管的空气槽对准。由此保证了计量腔的良好充注和排出。此外,供给腔1有一个啮合入计量装置上的凹部或槽口3b中的制动突出部1b,以便类似于棘轮的转动只能在一个方向上进行。因此,有可能象常用的含有推进器的计量剂量吸入器一样驱动该装置。
为了减少计量装置3和圆柱形壳体7之间的摩擦,可以使槽7c形成不同的形状和尺寸。
吸管可以用一个套盖10关闭,套盖10包括啮合入空气入口8的卡制部11,它的作用是关闭该入口并维护该装置的可靠密封。此外,防止无意的操作。
在另一个实施例中,套盖10连接在吸管或该装置上,以便它可以脱离吸管,但不能完全从该装置上取下。
在按照图1实施的另一种形式中,药物供给腔的盖1a可以包括一个腔室,例如用硅胶或其它干燥剂填充的腔室,以防止药物受潮。
此外,可以提供一个振动机构,当该装置操作时,通过该振动机构振动药物,使各个计量腔接收均匀的填充。这种振动机构,例如可以由一种棘爪按一种自身是已知的方式形成。供给腔1或套盖2也可以有触点,当这些部分相互移动时,触点引起振动。
对于计量装置的驱动装置的设计,熟悉该技术领域的人有数种可能利用的结构。在最简单的情况中,这种设计可以对应于悬浮微粒系统中的计量装置来实施。最好该装置适合于用一旋钮手动地转动。
关于制动驱动装置和“棘爪”,可以想出其它一些实施例来。
吸入装置理想的情况应包括一种防止多个剂量从该装置排出的装置。
在供给腔1的锥形部1c上的开口被加工成使计量装置在它的轴承上的摩擦力低,并易于滚筒转动而不会卡住。
为了目测供给腔中的供给面,供给腔最好由常用的透明材料制造。如果希望在套盖2上有标记,则在其上可以提供纵向槽或窗口。这些标记显示对应于剩下的剂量数的供给面。
本发明的无推进吸入装置也可以设置剂量计数装置,计数的步骤可以由计量装置的转动来驱动,例如,通过带有数字或彩色条带的齿轮装置来驱动。
图3和图4中显示了变更型的计量装置3的横截面视图。在图3中,该计量装置3的计量腔4的底面是平坦的,其深度比前述实施例的深度浅。
图4中的计量装置3的计量腔4呈现一个三角形的横截面,该截面相对于箭头A指示的转动方向模制。
此外,吸管5的轴线21不一定要象图1中例举的那样垂直于供给腔1的轴线。一般当轴线20和21之间的角度在90到130度范围时可以获得良好的效果。

Claims (15)

1、一种无推进的吸入装置,该装置有一个供给腔,其内具有定量的粉状药物;一个可转动测量滚筒形式的手动测剂量装置(3),该可转动的计量滚筒有一个或多个周边凹部[计量腔(4)],用于在一个位置从供给腔接收一剂待吸入的药物,并在另一位置排出该剂量;一个在吸入装置的壳体一侧上形成用于主动吸入并带有一条空气槽(6)的吸管,该空气槽用于将排出的剂量分布在吸入的空气流中,该吸入装置还有包括在壳体内的至少一个空气入口(8);其特征如下:
吸管(5)的主轴线(21)和计量装置(3)的轴线形成一个范围在70到110度,最好为90度的角度;
空气槽(6)偏移供给腔的出口,在计量装置的平面上直接导入计量装置的周边上;
空气入口(8)在吸管(5)的连接区域内形成,并延伸到空气槽(6)孔口区域侧的计量装置(3)的周边上。
2、如权利要求1所述的吸入装置,其特征在于:计量装置(3)容纳在一个固定的空心圆柱形壳体(7)上,该壳体具有对应于计量腔(4)宽度的切口,并在计量装置的圆周上按照计量腔的角度间隔隔开,所述的凹口位于供给腔(1)区域一侧和吸管的空气槽(6)所在区域的另一侧上,并且空气入口(8)通入圆柱形壳体(7)内。
3、如权利要求2所述的吸入装置,其特征在于:在与吸管(5)相联系的切口和吸管的壁部(5a)之间形成一个孔口(7b),以便吸入的空气直接通到计量装置的周边上。
4、如权利要求3所述的吸入装置,其特征在于:孔口(7b)以一喷嘴形式模制。
5、如权利要求1到4中之一所述的吸入装置,其特征在于:吸管(5)上的横截面形状或空气槽(6)的面积大致是恒定的。
6、如权利要求1到5中之一所述的吸入装置,其特征在于:吸管(5)设有一个套盖(10),该套盖具有配合入空气入口(8)内的卡制部(11)。
7、如权利要求1到6中之一所述的吸入装置,其特征在于:供给腔(1)用盖(1a)关闭,盖的内侧有一放置干燥剂的腔室。
8、如权利要求1到7中之一所述的吸入装置,其特征在于:一个套盖(2)可以配合在供给腔(1)上。
9、如权利要求1到8中之一所述的吸入装置,其特征在于:提供了一个手动的振动机构,以振动地提供粉状药物。
10、如权利要求8或9所述的吸入装置,其特征在于:在供给腔(1)的套盖(2)上设有一些触点,并通过相对于供给腔壁部的运动产生振动。
11、如权利要求1到10中之一所述的吸入装置,其特征在于:用于计量装置(3)的手动转动驱动装置包括一个步进机构,它只允许带有一对应于计量腔的周边距离的步长的计量装置的分段转动。
12、如权利要求1到11中之一所述的吸入装置,其特征在于:设有允许目测供给面的装置。
13、如权利要求8和12所述的吸入装置,其特征在于:供给腔(1)由半透明材料制成,并且供给腔的套盖(2)有一纵向槽。
14、如权利要求1到13中之一所述的吸入装置,其特征在于:设有一记录除去的剂量数的计数装置。
15、如权利要求1到14中之一所述的吸入装置,其特征在于:吸管(5)的主轴线(21)和供给腔(1)的主轴线(20)形成一个范围在90到130度之间的角度。
CN91111271A 1990-11-29 1991-11-29 吸入装置 Expired - Lifetime CN1054546C (zh)

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KR930702040A (ko) 1993-09-08
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IL100038A (en) 1996-01-19
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HUT65186A (en) 1994-05-02
US5575280A (en) 1996-11-19
EP0559663A1 (en) 1993-09-15
LT3123B (en) 1994-12-27
PL167216B1 (en) 1995-08-31
HU212398B (en) 1996-06-28
EP0559663B1 (en) 1994-08-03
CN1054546C (zh) 2000-07-19
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FI105892B (fi) 2000-10-31
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DE69103281D1 (de) 1994-09-08
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LV10397A (lv) 1995-02-20
ATE109361T1 (de) 1994-08-15
JP3287844B2 (ja) 2002-06-04
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IE914145A1 (en) 1992-06-03
CZ281346B6 (cs) 1996-08-14

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