CN106165780A - 一种肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂及其制备方法，由复合益生菌发酵中药混合粉制得；中药混合粉按重量份比例由青蒿30‑40份、金银花30‑40份、马鞭草30‑40份、黄柏15‑20份、川贝母15‑20份、苦竹笋15‑20份、厚朴15‑20份、乌梅5‑10份、石榴皮5‑10份、甘草5‑10份、陈皮5‑10份、茯苓1‑3份、大青叶1‑3份、桔梗1‑3制备而成；益生菌为酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌组成的混合菌群。本发明的肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂，具有抗菌消炎、化痰止咳、提高免疫力的作用，可以增加肉鸡生长速度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料添加剂技术领域，尤其涉及一种肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
肉鸡生产的本质是提供肉类产品，优质肉鸡是我国肉鸡养殖业一大特色。我国幅员辽阔，形成了众多的地方品种如固始鸡、清远麻鸡、三黄鸡等。地方品种的外观美观、肉质优良，适合当地居民的消费要求。这些优质鸡往往生长的时间长，好料高，规模化饲养后疾病高，成活率低，是目前困扰广大养殖户的一大难题。
良好的肠道健康能够使体重增长率和饲料利用率达到一个适宜的水平，最终提高肉鸡养殖业的收益。当前，肉鸡养殖业中，球虫病、饲料中的毒素、细菌和病毒是鸡群肠道疾病的潜在原因。另一方面，肉鸡的亚临床疾病对饲料利用率和增重存在负面影响，是导致家禽业成本增加的原因之一。致病性肠道细菌可引起腹泻、感染、肝功能异常，并降低营养物质的消化和吸收。有益细菌通过不同机制抑制多种致病菌生长、刺激免疫系统、合成维生素等。多年来，已证明使用饲料抗生素添加剂是有益的，它能够稳定肠道菌群、改善家禽的生长性能和防止某些特定的肠道病变，例如产气荚膜梭菌引起的坏死性肠炎。然而，抗生素在动物上使用后最终会导致人类体内的有害细菌对抗生素产生抗药性。目前抗生素促生长剂已经在许多国家的养殖行业禁止使用或限制使用。鉴于这种情况，养殖行业中开始积极寻找有效替代抗生素促生长剂的绿色添加剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术的不足，提供一种肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂，将中药与益生菌合理配伍，中药可以促进益生菌的增殖，有利于维持呼吸道正常菌群的平衡，防止外源性病原菌的侵入或内源性条件致病菌的大量繁殖，从而避免感染发生；益生菌可以促进中药的吸收和利用，解决了纯中药制剂起效慢的问题；本发明具有抗菌消炎、化痰止咳、提高免疫力的作用，可有效防治肉鸡呼吸道疾病的发生，控制病鸡死亡，肠道吸收效果好，治疗效果显著；可以增加肉鸡生长速度。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂，由复合益生菌发酵中药混合粉制得；
所述中药混合粉按重量份比例由青蒿30-40份、金银花30-40份、马鞭草30-40份、黄柏15-20份、川贝母15-20份、苦竹笋15-20份、厚朴15-20份、乌梅5-10份、石榴皮5-10份、甘草5-10份、陈皮5-10份、茯苓1-3份、大青叶1-3份、桔梗1-3制备而成；
所述益生菌为酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌组成的混合菌群。
所述的中药混合粉的制备方法如下：将各中药粉碎至60-80目，混合放入提取罐中加入适量水，浸泡5-20小时；然后加热至40-100℃提取10-15小时，过滤收集提取液；二次向药渣中加入适量水，40-100℃提取10-15小时；然后合并两次提取液，抽入减压浓缩罐内，减压至0.03-0.08MPa，温度保持在60-80℃，浓缩至相对密度为1.20，温度至60℃-70℃的浸膏，冷却，干燥研磨成粉末制得中药混合粉。
所述的肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)育种：
①培养基制备：按重量配比取葡萄糖5-10份、蛋白胨6-8份、琼脂10-15份、磷酸二氢钾1-2份、碳酸氢钠2-3份、蒸馏水5-15份，配制成培养液；将配制好的培养液加入配料罐中，加热至沸腾后，调节pH值至4.5-5.0后转入糖化罐中，向糖化罐中加入糖化酶，60℃下保温糖化2-4h，得到糖化液，其中，糖化酶的加入量为300-400U/g葡萄糖；最后将糖化液转入流体加热器内，在5-8s内升温至95-100℃，保温1-1.5h，高温灭菌，灭菌后的糖化液流经降温管道，5-8s内降温至30-40℃，得到育种培养基；
②将育种培养基平均分配到四个恒化器中，将实验室培养好的酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的菌种分别接入四个恒化器中，30-40℃下恒温搅拌培养3天，分别得到酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的成熟菌液；其中，酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的接种量为4-6％，啤酒酵母菌的接种量为5-7％；
(2)发酵：
①将酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的成熟菌液按体积比为1∶0.6-0.9∶1.2-1.5∶1-1.2的比例混合制成混合菌液；将混合菌液转入盛有稀释液的稀释罐中，得到混合稀释菌液；所述稀释液与混合菌液的重量比为1:1-2；
②将中药混合粉与其重量20％的麸皮、5％的豆粕粉、2％的蔗糖混合均匀制成固体发酵物料，将固体发酵物料装入灭菌器中，在120℃下保持0.5-1h；
③将灭菌后的固体发酵物料加入到发酵罐中，然后向发酵罐中加入混合稀释菌液，30-35℃下发酵25-30h，得到半成品；所述混合稀释菌液与固体发酵物料的重量比为1:1.5-2；
(3)干燥、包装：
①先将半成品输送到第一干燥机内，热风温度110-120℃，干燥3-5s；
②第一干燥机输出的物料进入第二干燥机，热风温度为80-100℃，干燥3-4s；
③第二干燥机输出的物料进入第三干燥机，热风温度为60-80℃，干燥2-4s；④将干燥完成后的物料粉碎至60目，经降温螺旋输送机输出，包装，得到成品中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂。
本发明的中药混合粉中各中药的药理特性如下：
青蒿30-40份、金银花30-40份、马鞭草30-40份、黄柏15-20份、川贝母15-20份、苦竹笋15-20份、厚朴15-20份、乌梅5-10份、石榴皮5-10份、甘草5-10份、陈皮5-10份、茯苓1-3份、大青叶1-3份、桔梗1-3制备而成；
青蒿：清透虚热，凉血除蒸，除蒸，截疟。用于暑邪发热，阴虚发热，夜热早凉，骨蒸劳热，疟疾寒热，湿热黄疸。
金银花：既能宣散风热，还善清解血毒，用于各种热性病，如身热、发疹、发斑、热毒疮痈、咽喉肿痛等。
马鞭草：活血散瘀，截疟，解毒，利水消肿。用于症瘕积聚，疟疾，喉痹，痈肿，水肿，热淋。
黄柏：性味苦寒，有清热燥湿，泻火除蒸，解毒疗疮之功效。
川贝母：具有清热化痰，润肺止咳，散结消肿的功效。
苦竹笋：性味：苦，寒，无毒。主治：清热，除湿，利水，明目；治消渴，面目黄，脚气。
厚朴：性味：苦、辛，温。归经：归脾、胃、肺、大肠经。主治：燥湿消痰，下气除满。用于湿滞伤中，脘痞吐泻，食积气滞，腹胀便秘，痰饮喘咳。
乌梅：归肝、脾、肺、大肠经。敛肺止咳、涩肠止泻、生津止渴。用于肺虚久咳。乌梅中含有丰富的有机酸，如柠檬酸、苹果酸、草酸、延胡索酸等，对大肠埃希杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有较好的抑菌效果，另外乌梅具有清除毒素，净血的功能，能促进新陈代谢。
石榴皮：归大肠经。抗菌、止痢。含有多种被称为糅质的多元酚类化合物，这种化合物能够沉淀创口表面的蛋白质，从而防止创口的感染与刺激，对于创面的愈合有很好的促进作用，同时石榴的果皮水煎剂，具有广谱抗菌作用，对金黄色葡萄球菌等多种病原菌具有杀灭作用。
甘草：归脾、胃、肺经。性平、味甘。有解毒、祛痰、止痛、解痉以至抗癌等药理作用。在中医上，甘草补脾益气、祛痰平喘、滋咳润肺、缓急解毒、调和百药。甘草酸、甘草次酸及甘草的黄酮类化合物是甘草对呼吸系统药理作用的活性成分，能保护发炎的咽喉和气管粘膜，消除病原菌对呼吸道造成的损伤，能提高吞噬细胞的吞噬功能，调节淋巴细胞数量与功能。
陈皮：理气健脾，调中，燥湿，化痰。主治脾胃气滞之脘腹胀满或疼痛、消化不良。湿浊阻中之胸闷腹胀、纳呆便溏。痰湿壅肺之咳嗽气喘。用于胸脘胀满，食少吐泻，咳嗽痰多。
桔梗：归肺经。宣肺、祛痰、利咽、排脓、利五脏、补气血、补五劳、养气。
大青叶：归肝、心、胃经。清热、解毒、凉血、止血。抗菌、抗炎、增强免疫力。
本发明使用时，按肉鸡饲料量1-3％的比例添加到肉鸡饲料中，拌匀。
与已有技术相比，本发明的有益效果如下：
(1)本发明的肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂，将中药与益生菌合理配伍，中药可以促进益生菌的增殖，有利于维持呼吸道正常菌群的平衡，防止外源性病原菌的侵入或内源性条件致病菌的大量繁殖，从而避免感染发生；益生菌可以促进中药的吸收和利用，解决了纯中药制剂起效慢的问题；本发明具有抗菌消炎、化痰止咳、提高免疫力的作用，可有效防治肉鸡呼吸道疾病的发生，控制病鸡死亡，肠道吸收效果好，治疗效果显著；可以增加肉鸡生长速度；添加的中药成分，具有促进消化吸收、减少肠道致病菌。
(2)本发明四种益生菌按照最佳配比，形成共生关系，协同作用，改变机体的肠胃微环境；首先，酪酸梭菌分泌物丁酸，可以促进肠粘膜修复再生，减少各种腹泻疾病的发生概率；而且酪酸梭菌迅速繁殖的同时，可以分解食物中的多糖为低聚糖，可以为其他三种有益菌提供迅速繁殖。其次嗜酸乳杆菌在胃肠道内的大量繁殖，可以生成嗜酸乳菌素、嗜酸杆菌素、乳酸菌素等，对肠胃致病菌具有拮抗作用。其代谢产物乳酸和乙酸，能够促进多种金属离子和维生素的吸收转化，以达到营养物质充分利用的目的。再次，啤酒酵母菌加上其他三种益生菌提供的酸性微环境，可以迅速繁殖。酵母菌有低脂、低糖、低热量的特点，含优质完全蛋白质、完整的B族维生素群、14种生命结合态的优质矿物质，可以加快机体新陈代谢，促进消化吸收；枯草芽孢杆菌是极度的需氧菌，繁殖过程中，可以消耗大量的氧气，造成低氧微环境，在加速或者不影响以上三种益生菌的同时，可以抑制其他需氧致病菌的繁殖，其发酵产物乳酸亦可降低降低肠道pH，抑制其他菌生长，减少粪便中氨的排放。由以上四种益生菌特性可知，四种菌之间可以构成协同关系，根据一定比例优化组合后，可以在肠道中迅速增殖，提高其中益生菌的比例，并降低有害菌的比例。使用此四种有益菌组成的中药微生态制剂，可以迅速恢复肠胃菌群平衡，减少呼吸道疾病的发病率。
(3)本发明的制备方法，发酵阶段稀释液中加入的营养物质能够促进菌种的进一步增值，聚丙烯酸钠起到良好的凝固作用，以保持产品剂型；后期采用阶梯式降温干燥，保证在有效去除产品水分含量的同时不破坏复合益生菌的内部结构。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但本发明不仅限于这些实施例，在未脱离本发明宗旨的前提下，所作的任何改进均落在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1：
一种肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂，由复合益生菌发酵中药混合粉制得；所述中药混合粉按重量份比例由青蒿30份、金银花30份、马鞭草40份、黄柏15份、川贝母15份、苦竹笋20份、厚朴20份、乌梅5份、石榴皮5份、甘草10份、陈皮10份、茯苓1份、大青叶1份、桔梗3制备而成；
所述益生菌为酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌组成的混合菌群。
所述的中药混合粉的制备方法如下：将各中药粉碎至60目，混合放入提取罐中加入适量水，浸泡5小时；然后加热至40℃提取15小时，过滤收集提取液；二次向药渣中加入适量水，40℃提取15小时；然后合并两次提取液，抽入减压浓缩罐内，减压至0.03MPa，温度保持在60℃，浓缩至相对密度为1.20，温度至60℃的浸膏，冷却，干燥研磨成粉末制得中药混合粉。
所述的肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)育种：
①培养基制备：按重量配比取葡萄糖5份、蛋白胨8份、琼脂10份、磷酸二氢钾1份、碳酸氢钠3份、蒸馏水5份，配制成培养液；将配制好的培养液加入配料罐中，加热至沸腾后，调节pH值至4.5后转入糖化罐中，向糖化罐中加入糖化酶，60℃下保温糖化2h，得到糖化液，其中，糖化酶的加入量为300U/g葡萄糖；最后将糖化液转入流体加热器内，在5s内升温至95℃，保温1.5h，高温灭菌，灭菌后的糖化液流经降温管道，5s内降温至30℃，得到育种培养基；
②将育种培养基平均分配到四个恒化器中，将实验室培养好的酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的菌种分别接入四个恒化器中，30℃下恒温搅拌培养3天，分别得到酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的成熟菌液；其中，酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的接种量为4％，啤酒酵母菌的接种量为5％；
(2)发酵：
①将酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的成熟菌液按体积比为1∶0.6∶1.2∶1的比例混合制成混合菌液；将混合菌液转入盛有稀释液的稀释罐中，得到混合稀释菌液；所述稀释液与混合菌液的重量比为1:1；
②将中药混合粉与其重量20％的麸皮、5％的豆粕粉、2％的蔗糖混合均匀制成固体发酵物料，将固体发酵物料装入灭菌器中，在120℃下保持0.5h；
③将灭菌后的固体发酵物料加入到发酵罐中，然后向发酵罐中加入混合稀释菌液，30℃下发酵30h，得到半成品；所述混合稀释菌液与固体发酵物料的重量比为1:1.5；
(3)干燥、包装：
①先将半成品输送到第一干燥机内，热风温度110℃，干燥3s；
②第一干燥机输出的物料进入第二干燥机，热风温度为80℃，干燥3s；
③第二干燥机输出的物料进入第三干燥机，热风温度为60℃，干燥4s；
④将干燥完成后的物料粉碎至60目，经降温螺旋输送机输出，包装，得到成品中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂。
实施例2：
一种肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂，由复合益生菌发酵中药混合粉制得；所述中药混合粉按重量份比例由青蒿35份、金银花35份、马鞭草35份、黄柏16份、川贝母16份、苦竹笋16份、厚朴16份、乌梅7份、石榴皮7份、甘草7份、陈皮7份、茯苓2份、大青叶2份、桔梗2制备而成；
所述益生菌为酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌组成的混合菌群。
所述的中药混合粉的制备方法如下：将各中药粉碎至70目，混合放入提取罐中加入适量水，浸泡10小时；然后加热至80℃提取12小时，过滤收集提取液；二次向药渣中加入适量水，80℃提取12小时；然后合并两次提取液，抽入减压浓缩罐内，减压至0.05MPa，温度保持在70℃，浓缩至相对密度为1.20，温度至65℃的浸膏，冷却，干燥研磨成粉末制得中药混合粉。
所述的肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)育种：
①培养基制备：按重量配比取葡萄糖8份、蛋白胨7份、琼脂12份、磷酸二氢钾2份、碳酸氢钠3份、蒸馏水10份，配制成培养液；将配制好的培养液加入配料罐中，加热至沸腾后，调节pH值至5.0后转入糖化罐中，向糖化罐中加入糖化酶，60℃下保温糖化3h，得到糖化液，其中，糖化酶的加入量为400U/g葡萄糖；最后将糖化液转入流体加热器内，在6s内升温至100℃，保温1.5h，高温灭菌，灭菌后的糖化液流经降温管道，6s内降温至40℃，得到育种培养基；
②将育种培养基平均分配到四个恒化器中，将实验室培养好的酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的菌种分别接入四个恒化器中，35℃下恒温搅拌培养3天，分别得到酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的成熟菌液；其中，酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的接种量为5％，啤酒酵母菌的接种量为6％；
(2)发酵：
①将酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的成熟菌液按体积比为1∶0.8∶1.3∶1.2的比例混合制成混合菌液；将混合菌液转入盛有稀释液的稀释罐中，得到混合稀释菌液；所述稀释液与混合菌液的重量比为1:2；
②将中药混合粉与其重量20％的麸皮、5％的豆粕粉、2％的蔗糖混合均匀制成固体发酵物料，将固体发酵物料装入灭菌器中，在120℃下保持1h；
③将灭菌后的固体发酵物料加入到发酵罐中，然后向发酵罐中加入混合稀释菌液，35℃下发酵25h，得到半成品；所述混合稀释菌液与固体发酵物料的重量比为1:2；
(3)干燥、包装：
①先将半成品输送到第一干燥机内，热风温度120℃，干燥4s；
②第一干燥机输出的物料进入第二干燥机，热风温度为90℃，干燥4s；
③第二干燥机输出的物料进入第三干燥机，热风温度为70℃，干燥3s；
④将干燥完成后的物料粉碎至60目，经降温螺旋输送机输出，包装，得到成品中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂。
实施例3：
一种肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂，由复合益生菌发酵中药混合粉制得；所述中药混合粉按重量份比例由青蒿40份、金银花40份、马鞭草30份、黄柏20份、川贝母20份、苦竹笋15份、厚朴15份、乌梅10份、石榴皮10份、甘草5份、陈皮5份、茯苓1份、大青叶3份、桔梗3制备而成；
所述益生菌为酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌组成的混合菌群。
所述的中药混合粉的制备方法如下：将各中药粉碎至80目，混合放入提取罐中加入适量水，浸泡20小时；然后加热100℃提取15小时，过滤收集提取液；二次向药渣中加入适量水，100℃提取15小时；然后合并两次提取液，抽入减压浓缩罐内，减压至0.08MPa，温度保持在80℃，浓缩至相对密度为1.20，温度至70℃的浸膏，冷却，干燥研磨成粉末制得中药混合粉。
所述的肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)育种：
①培养基制备：按重量配比取葡萄糖10份、蛋白胨8份、琼脂15份、磷酸二氢钾2份、碳酸氢钠3份、蒸馏水15份，配制成培养液；将配制好的培养液加入配料罐中，加热至沸腾后，调节pH值至5.0后转入糖化罐中，向糖化罐中加入糖化酶，60℃下保温糖化4h，得到糖化液，其中，糖化酶的加入量为400U/g葡萄糖；最后将糖化液转入流体加热器内，在8s内升温至100℃，保温1.5h，高温灭菌，灭菌后的糖化液流经降温管道，8s内降温至40℃，得到育种培养基；
②将育种培养基平均分配到四个恒化器中，将实验室培养好的酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的菌种分别接入四个恒化器中，40℃下恒温搅拌培养3天，分别得到酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的成熟菌液；其中，酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的接种量为6％，啤酒酵母菌的接种量为7％；
(2)发酵：
①将酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的成熟菌液按体积比为1∶0.9∶1.5∶1.2的比例混合制成混合菌液；将混合菌液转入盛有稀释液的稀释罐中，得到混合稀释菌液；所述稀释液与混合菌液的重量比为1:2；
②将中药混合粉与其重量20％的麸皮、5％的豆粕粉、2％的蔗糖混合均匀制成固体发酵物料，将固体发酵物料装入灭菌器中，在120℃下保持1h；
③将灭菌后的固体发酵物料加入到发酵罐中，然后向发酵罐中加入混合稀释菌液，35℃下发酵30h，得到半成品；所述混合稀释菌液与固体发酵物料的重量比为1:2；
(3)干燥、包装：
①先将半成品输送到第一干燥机内，热风温度120℃，干燥5s；
②第一干燥机输出的物料进入第二干燥机，热风温度为100℃，干燥4s；
③第二干燥机输出的物料进入第三干燥机，热风温度为80℃，干燥4s；
④将干燥完成后的物料粉碎至60目，经降温螺旋输送机输出，包装，得到成品中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂。
试验例：
(一)毒性试验
选用SD大鼠，给予本发明实施例2中的中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂，溶水后每天灌胃一次，连续90天，末次给药后24小时各组活杀1/2动物(雌雄各半)，其余1/2动物继续观察2周后活杀。试验期间观察动物的外观、一般行为、摄食量、体重变化，给药后90天和停药2周进行血液学(RBC、HB、网织红细胞、PLT、CT、WBC及分类)和血液生化(AST、ALT、ALP、Glu、BUN、Crca、TP、T.BIL、ALB、CHOL)、尿液生化、脏器系数、病理组织学等指标检查。试验结果表明：本发明的中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂饲喂大鼠一般状态良好，外观体征、行为活动、进食量和体重增长均无异常变化；血液学检查、血液生化学、尿液生化检查均在正常范围；主要脏器组织病理学检查未见明显异常。上述指标停药2周后也未见改变。根据试验结果本发明在连续90天给药对大鼠无明显影响，无明确的毒性靶器官和敏感指标，恢复期观察也未见延迟性毒性反应，提示本发明的药物制剂临床应用的剂量安全性较高。
(二)将本发明的中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂与市场上同类产品进行比较试验
试验在某肉鸡饲养场进行，采用AA白羽肉鸡苗，分1、2、3、4组，每组肉鸡200只，其中1、2、3分别采用实施例1-3的中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂，第4组采用市场上购得鸡用饲料添加剂，分别与玉米、大豆粕鸡饲料混合，各组饲养管理方式相同，并严格记录。结果见表1：
表1各实验组喂养的肉鸡生长性能对照表
| 组别 | 平均日增重(g/只) |
| 对照组 | 20.05±0.15 |
| 实施例组1 | 25.56±0.12 |
| 实施例组2 | 28.29±0.10 |
| 实施例组3 | 26.30±0.12 |
从表1的数据可知：使用本发明实施例1-3的饲料添加剂喂养的肉鸡，本发明实施例1-3配比的肉鸡饲料添加剂喂养的肉鸡平均日增重优于传统饲料，其中实施例2最优。
Claims (3)
1.一种肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂，其特征在于：由复合益生菌发酵中药混合粉制得；
所述中药混合粉按重量份比例由青蒿30-40份、金银花30-40份、马鞭草30-40份、黄柏15-20份、川贝母15-20份、苦竹笋15-20份、厚朴15-20份、乌梅5-10份、石榴皮5-10份、甘草5-10份、陈皮5-10份、茯苓1-3份、大青叶1-3份、桔梗1-3制备而成；
所述益生菌为酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌组成的混合菌群。
2.根据权利要求1所述的肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂，其特征在于：所述的中药混合粉的制备方法如下：将各中药粉碎至60-80目，混合放入提取罐中加入适量水，浸泡5-20小时；然后加热至40-100℃提取10-15小时，过滤收集提取液；二次向药渣中加入适量水，40-100℃提取10-15小时；然后合并两次提取液，抽入减压浓缩罐内，减压至0.03-0.08MPa，温度保持在60-80℃，浓缩至相对密度为1.20，温度至60℃-70℃的浸膏，冷却，干燥研磨成粉末制得中药混合粉。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的肉鸡用中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
(1)育种：
①培养基制备：按重量配比取葡萄糖5-10份、蛋白胨6-8份、琼脂10-15份、磷酸二氢钾1-2份、碳酸氢钠2-3份、蒸馏水5-15份，配制成培养液；将配制好的培养液加入配料罐中，加热至沸腾后，调节pH值至4.5-5.0后转入糖化罐中，向糖化罐中加入糖化酶，60℃下保温糖化2-4h，得到糖化液，其中，糖化酶的加入量为300-400U/g葡萄糖；最后将糖化液转入流体加热器内，在5-8s内升温至95-100℃，保温1-1.5h，高温灭菌，灭菌后的糖化液流经降温管道，5-8s内降温至30-40℃，得到育种培养基；
②将育种培养基平均分配到四个恒化器中，将实验室培养好的酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的菌种分别接入四个恒化器中，30-40℃下恒温搅拌培养3天，分别得到酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的成熟菌液；其中，酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的接种量为4-6％，啤酒酵母菌的接种量为5-7％；
(2)发酵：
①将酪酸梭菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的成熟菌液按体积比为1∶0.6-0.9∶1.2-1.5∶1-1.2的比例混合制成混合菌液；将混合菌液转入盛有稀释液的稀释罐中，得到混合稀释菌液；所述稀释液与混合菌液的重量比为1:1-2；
②将中药混合粉与其重量20％的麸皮、5％的豆粕粉、2％的蔗糖混合均匀制成固体发酵物料，将固体发酵物料装入灭菌器中，在120℃下保持0.5-1h；
③将灭菌后的固体发酵物料加入到发酵罐中，然后向发酵罐中加入混合稀释菌液，30-35℃下发酵25-30h，得到半成品；所述混合稀释菌液与固体发酵物料的重量比为1:1.5-2；
(3)干燥、包装：
①先将半成品输送到第一干燥机内，热风温度110-120℃，干燥3-5s；
②第一干燥机输出的物料进入第二干燥机，热风温度为80-100℃，干燥3-4s；
③第二干燥机输出的物料进入第三干燥机，热风温度为60-80℃，干燥2-4s；④将干燥完成后的物料粉碎至60目，经降温螺旋输送机输出，包装，得到成品中药复合益生菌饲料添加剂。
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Application publication date: 20161130 |