CN105230568A - 一种高免疫力高品质生猪的饲养方法 - Google Patents
一种高免疫力高品质生猪的饲养方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种高免疫力高品质生猪的饲养方法,包括在生猪断奶前、适应期、生长期三个阶段饲喂添加了中草药饲料添加剂的三种不同的专用饲料,针对不同阶段生猪的生长规律和营养吸收需求饲养,该中草药饲料添加剂包括车前草、穿心莲、黄芪、砂仁、神曲、党参、淫羊藿、商路、黄精、厚朴、五味子、五加皮、贯众、大黄、鱼腥草、生姜、桑葚、薄荷、淡竹叶、山栀、黄芩、芦根、牛蒡子、山楂、甘草、松针粉,该方法饲养生猪营养丰富,且免疫力和品质都有显著提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及畜禽养殖领域,特别涉及一种能有效提高生猪免疫力和品质的饲养方法。
背景技术
当前我国的养殖业朝着集约化、规模化不断发展,而动物疾病一直困扰该行业发展的重要瓶颈。现预防和治疗动物疾病最主要的途径是使用抗生素,其在一定程度能抑制病原菌的生长,达到治病、防病的作用,但同时也抑制了动物肠道内正常菌群发挥作用,造成动物肠道菌群失衡,以致动物机体免疫机能受到抑制,使动物更加容易感染新的病原体继而发病。近年来,抗生素滥用造成的严重后果如耐药菌株不断增加、抗生素残留久等严重威胁到人类的健康,已经引起了大家的关注。
而随着人民生活水平的提高,人们对猪头品质的要求也越来越高,对猪肉营养价值也有了更高的追求,然而,按中国目前情况看,采用无抗畜禽养殖模式养殖比例仍偏少,大部分养殖户依然在用含激素、抗生素等添加剂的饲料,畜禽食入含激素、抗生素的饲料后,会直接影响生产出的畜禽肉品质,而转化排出的排泄物也残留有激素、抗生素等化学添加剂,因畜禽排泄物一般被用作农作物的生物肥料,就会间接使农作物造成二次污染,残留有饲料中的化学药剂。
为了适应未来发展的趋势要求,采用无抗饲养,提升生猪免疫力,并能有效提高生猪的营养价值和品质,这显得越来越迫切。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种能提高生猪免疫力和品质的生猪饲养方法,该方法根据生猪生长过程中不同的阶段配置饲料,并在饲料中添加中草药添加剂,在提高免疫力的同时,也提高生猪的营养价值和品质。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
一种高免疫力高品质生猪的饲养方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将妊娠后期种猪送入消毒好的产房隔离饲养,自然分娩出新生仔猪,隔离饲养过程中,控制产房内温度为20-25℃,相对湿度为40%-70%,喂食妊娠母猪料;产前20天至产前7天喂食饲料每吨伴药:泰妙菌素100g、金霉素300g和电解多维400g;
(2)仔猪断奶前饲养:喂食添加有中草药饲料添加剂的饲料a,所述饲料a由以下重量份的原料组成:80份豆粕、鱼粉40份、大蒜2-4份、葡萄糖10份、麸皮10-15份、陈皮2-4份、15份红薯叶、15份茶叶梗、10份榆树叶、5-10份芦根、5-15份桔梗、1份纤维素酶、0.8份N-(2,4-二羟基-3,3-二甲基丁酰基)-β-氨基丙酸钙、0.5份L-苏氨酸、0.5份L-蛋氨酸、0.5份L-精氨酸、0.5份L-谷氨酸、1份大蒜素、0.5份丁香和1β-胡萝卜素;
(3)适应期饲喂:喂食添加有中草药饲料添加剂的饲料b,所述饲料b由以下重量份的原料组成:80份豆粕、玉米40份、葡萄糖10份、大腹皮4-6份、15份红薯叶、15份茶叶梗、凤尾草10-15份、陈皮8-10份、大青叶10-15份、1份纤维素酶、0.8份N-(2,4-二羟基-3,3-二甲基丁酰基)-β-氨基丙酸钙、0.5份L-苏氨酸、0.5份L-蛋氨酸、0.5份L-精氨酸、0.5份L-谷氨酸、1份大蒜素、0.5份丁香和1β-胡萝卜素;
(4)生长期喂养:喂食添加有中草药饲料添加剂的饲料c,所述饲料c以下重量份的原料组成:80份豆粕、玉米80份、米糠60份、20份茶叶梗、15份大青叶、8份芦根、10份桔梗、0.5份纤维素酶、0.3份N-(2,4-二羟基-3,3-二甲基丁酰基)-β-氨基丙酸钙、0.4份L-苏氨酸、0.3份L-蛋氨酸、0.3份L-精氨酸、0.4份L-谷氨酸、0.8份大蒜素和1份β-胡萝卜素;
(5)圈舍消毒:将EM活性液稀释100倍,按每平方米0.8公斤的用量对圈舍进行喷雾消毒,每月消毒1-3次;
本发明通过将猪的养殖过程分为三个阶段,并将控制每个阶段的养殖周期,再结合养殖周期过程中的饲料的搭配,以及在阶段与阶段的交换过程中对饲料的配方和配比进行调整和控制,并且对每个阶段饲喂的饲料量进行控制,饲料中营养丰富,添加的大腹皮、陈皮、凤尾草能有效改善生猪血液循环,进而提高生猪对营养的吸收,养殖出来的猪的肉质较优,猪的成长速度较快,降低了养猪的成本。
所述中草药饲料添加剂包括以下重量份数比的中草药组分:车前草5-15份、穿心莲3-10份、黄芪3-8份、砂仁0-8份、神曲0-8份、党参2-6份、淫羊藿3-8份、商路3-8份、黄精2-6份、厚朴5-10份、五味子0-8份、五加皮3-8份、贯众0-5份、大黄3-8份、鱼腥草3-10份、生姜0-8份、桑葚3-8份、薄荷3-8份、淡竹叶3-10份、山栀3-8份、黄芩3-8份、芦根0-8份、牛蒡子0-8份、山楂3-10份、甘草3-10份、松针粉3-10份。
中草药饲料添加剂所采用的中草药车前草具有利水通淋、清热解毒、清肝明目、祛痰、止泻的功效;穿心莲具有清热解毒、消炎、消肿止痛的功效;黄芪具有增强机体免疫功能、保肝、利尿、抗衰老、抗应激及抗菌的功效;砂仁具有化湿开胃、温脾止泻的功效;神曲具有健脾消食、理气化湿、解表的功效;党参具有补中益气、止渴、健脾益肺、养血生津的功效;淫羊藿具有补肾壮阳、祛风除湿的功效;商路具有祛痰、平喘、镇咳、抗菌、抗炎、利尿的功效;黄精具有补气养阴、健脾、润肺、益肾的功效;厚朴具有行气化湿、温中止痛、降逆平喘的功效;五味子具有敛肺、滋肾、生津、收汗、涩精的功效;五加皮具有祛风湿、补益肝肾、强筋壮骨、利水消肿的功效;贯众具有清热、解毒、凉血、止血的功效;大黄具有攻积滞、清湿热、泻火、凉血、祛瘀、解毒等功效;鱼腥草能清热解毒、消肿疗疮、利尿除湿、清热止痢、健胃消食,主治实热、热毒、湿邪、疾热为患的肺痈、疮疡肿毒、痔疮便血、脾胃积热等;生姜具有解表散寒、温中止呕、温肺止咳、解毒的功效;桑葚具有滋阴补血、生津润燥、润肠排毒的功效;薄荷具有疏散风热、清利头目、利咽透疹、疏肝行气的功效;淡竹叶具有清热除烦、利尿的功效;山栀具有清热、泻火、解毒、凉血的功效;黄芩具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒、止血的功效;芦根具有清热泻火、生津止渴、除烦、止呕、利尿的功效;牛蒡子具有疏散风热、宣肺透疹、利咽散结、解毒消肿的功效;山楂具有降血脂、血压、强心、抗心律不齐等作用,同时也是健脾开胃、消食化滞、活血化痰的良药,对胸膈脾满、疝气、血淤、闭经等症有很好的疗效;甘草具有清热解毒、祛痰止咳、脘腹的功效;松针粉是一种营养价值较高的畜禽饲料添加剂,对促进畜禽生长发育、增强抗病力和提高生殖功能等均有明显的作用。
作为本发明的进一步实施,在饲喂的饲料中还包括微生态制剂,伯顿毕赤酵母(Pichiaburtonii)CICIMNo.Y0320、罗伊氏乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillusreuteri)CGMCCNo.0841、嗜酸乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillusacidophilus)CGMCCNo.0842和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)CGMCCNo.0372的菌群,按菌落形成单位数目比为(1-3)∶(8-12)∶(2-5)∶(4-8)配制而成。添加微生态制剂后,能使生猪粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗蛋白、粗纤维、钙及能量的表观消化率获得了极显著性提高。
作为本发明的进一步实施,仔猪断奶前饲养期间采用所述添加有中草药饲料添加剂的饲料a饲喂,每日3-4次,每次0.3-0.4千克。
作为本发明的进一步实施,适应期饲喂期间,采用添加有中草药饲料添加剂的饲料b饲喂,每日2-3次,每次0.5-1.0千克。
作为本发明的进一步实施,所述生长期饲喂期间,采用添加有中草药饲料添加剂的饲料出c饲喂,每日2-3次,每次0.8-1.2千克。
本发明的有益效果:通过对生猪成长阶段的划分,采用的不同饲料的配方,能精细控制不同阶段生猪对营养的吸收,提高饲料转化率和营养价值,饲料中添加的中草药添加剂,有效提高了血清中免疫球蛋白含量和血清中补体的浓度,改善了生猪猪的免疫功能。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体制备例,对本发明的技术方案做进一步作描述,但是本发明的保护范围并不限于这些实施例。凡是不背离本发明构思的改变或等同替代均包括在本发明的保护范围之内。
一种高免疫力高品质生猪的饲养方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将妊娠后期种猪送入消毒好的产房隔离饲养,自然分娩出新生仔猪,隔离饲养过程中,控制产房内温度为20-25℃,相对湿度为40%-70%,喂食妊娠母猪料;产前20天至产前7天喂食饲料每吨伴药:泰妙菌素100g、金霉素300g和电解多维400g;
(2)仔猪断奶前饲养:喂食添加有中草药饲料添加剂的饲料a,所述饲料a由以下重量份的原料组成:80份豆粕、鱼粉40份、大蒜4份、葡萄糖10份、麸皮15份、陈皮4份、15份红薯叶、15份茶叶梗、10份榆树叶、10份芦根、15份桔梗、1份纤维素酶、0.8份N-(2,4-二羟基-3,3-二甲基丁酰基)-β-氨基丙酸钙、0.5份L-苏氨酸、0.5份L-蛋氨酸、0.5份L-精氨酸、0.5份L-谷氨酸、1份大蒜素、0.5份丁香和1β-胡萝卜素;每日3-4次,每次0.3-0.4千克;
(3)适应期饲喂:喂食添加有中草药饲料添加剂的饲料b,所述饲料b由以下重量份的原料组成:80份豆粕、玉米40份、葡萄糖10份、大腹皮6份、15份红薯叶、15份茶叶梗、凤尾草15份、陈皮10份、大青叶15份、1份纤维素酶、0.8份N-(2,4-二羟基-3,3-二甲基丁酰基)-β-氨基丙酸钙、0.5份L-苏氨酸、0.5份L-蛋氨酸、0.5份L-精氨酸、0.5份L-谷氨酸、1份大蒜素、0.5份丁香和1β-胡萝卜素;每日2-3次,每次0.5-1.0千克;
(4)生长期喂养:喂食添加有中草药饲料添加剂的饲料c,所述饲料c以下重量份的原料组成:80份豆粕、玉米80份、米糠60份、20份茶叶梗、15份大青叶、8份芦根、10份桔梗、0.5份纤维素酶、0.3份N-(2,4-二羟基-3,3-二甲基丁酰基)-β-氨基丙酸钙、0.4份L-苏氨酸、0.3份L-蛋氨酸、0.3份L-精氨酸、0.4份L-谷氨酸、0.8份大蒜素和1份β-胡萝卜素;每日2-3次,每次0.8-1.2千克;
(5)圈舍消毒:将EM活性液稀释100倍,按每平方米0.8公斤的用量对圈舍进行喷雾消毒,每月消毒1-3次;
所述中草药饲料添加剂包括以下重量份数比的中草药组分:车前草5-15份、穿心莲10份、黄芪8份、砂仁8份、神曲8份、党参6份、淫羊藿8份、商路8份、黄精6份、厚朴10份、五味子8份、五加皮8份、贯众5份、大黄8份、鱼腥草10份、生姜8份、桑葚8份、薄荷8份、淡竹叶10份、山栀8份、黄芩8份、芦根8份、牛蒡子8份、山楂30份、甘草10份、松针粉10份。
中草药饲料添加剂所采用的中草药兼有营养性和药物性的双重作用,具有增强机体免疫能力、促进动物进食、利尿排毒及改善肉质风味等作用和功效,应用到动物饲料中,可达到不使用任何抗生素类药品添加剂的情况下降低动物的发病率和死亡率,加快动物生长,降低动物体内重金属、农药、化学添加剂残留及改善肉质风味等目的,生产出安全、绿色、美味、香甜的动物肉品。中草药混合发酵饲料适用所用畜禽在不同生长时期的喂养,均能起到促进动物采食、加快动物生长、提高动物机体抗病和排毒能力、改善肉品质等作用。而根据畜禽不同生长时期调配出不同而合理的饲料配方,既能满足动物各个时期的生长需求,又能避免饲料的浪费,达到减少养殖成本的目的。
在饲喂的饲料中还包括微生态制剂,伯顿毕赤酵母(Pichiaburtonii)CICIMNo.Y0320、罗伊氏乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillusreuteri)CGMCCNo.0841、嗜酸乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillusacidophilus)CGMCCNo.0842和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)CGMCCNo.0372的菌群,按菌落形成单位数目比为3∶12∶5∶8配制而成。
喂养试验:
本试验研究了饲喂本发明制备的不同阶段中草药混合饲料对肉猪生产性能肉品质和免疫力的影响。选取来源相同、体重相近、健康状况良好30日龄长白肉猪120头,随机分成试验组和对照组,试验期共130天(20~150日龄),对照组饲喂肉猪基础日粮,基础日粮为自配玉米-豆粕型日粮,营养水平符合国家要求,配方中不添加任何抗生药物;试验组分三阶段饲喂上述本发明的添加中草药添加剂的饲料。
试验结果:
表1生产性能对比表
对照组 | 试验组 | |
平均日采食量(kg/头) | 2.74±0.16 | 3.25±0.15 |
平均日增重(kg/头) | 0.92±0.07 | 1.24±0.09 |
料肉比 | 3.08±0.18 | 2.72±0.12 |
死淘率(%) | 7.24 | 0 |
从上表可知,采用本发明饲喂方法饲喂生猪,较对照组均有优势,平均日采食量、平均日增重均显著高于对照组,料肉比和死淘率均显著低于对照组,说明本发明中草药混合发酵饲料可有效促进猪只采食,具有提高日增重、降低料肉比的作用,而且能有效增强动物免疫能力,在不使用任何抗生素类药品添加剂的情况下降低动物发病率和死亡率。
表2:肉品质对比表
对照组 | 试验组 | |
肉色(分) | 3.15±0.09 | 4.21±0.11 |
大理石纹(分) | 2.58±0.25 | 3.25±0.29 |
失水率(%) | 16.19±1.27 | 10.05±0.87 |
滴水损失(%) | 4.79±1.16 | 3.65±0.39 |
PH值 | 6.28±0.18 | 6.33±0.1 |
肌纤维直径(um) | 76.43±133 | 65.58±0.87 |
剪切力(N) | 36.60±0.91 | 35.27±0.47 |
肌内脂肪(%) | 1.71±0.79 | 2.08±0.31 |
从上表可知,采用本发明饲喂方法饲喂生猪,可有效改善肉质的感官、风味、嫩度及多汁性等,对改善肉色、失水率、肌纤维直径等肉品质指标有着显著影响,说明本发明中草药混合发酵饲料可改善猪肉的品质。
表3:免疫力对比表
对照组 | 试验组 | |
IgA | 0.17±0.08 | 0.62±0.15 |
IgG | 3.20±0.34 | 4.39±0.34 |
IgM | 0.27±0.06 | 0.53±0.12 |
补体C3 | 0.09±0.02 | 0.11±0.04 |
补体C4 | 0.04±0.01 | 0.09±0.03 |
结果表明,采用本发明饲养生猪,能有效提高其血清中免疫球蛋白含量和血清中补体的浓度,增强生猪的免疫力。
Claims (5)
1.一种高免疫力高品质生猪的饲养方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将妊娠后期种猪送入消毒好的产房隔离饲养,自然分娩出新生仔猪,隔离饲养过程中,控制产房内温度为20-25℃,相对湿度为40%-70%,喂食妊娠母猪料;产前20天至产前7天喂食饲料每吨伴药:泰妙菌素100g、金霉素300g和电解多维400g;
(2)仔猪断奶前饲养:喂食添加有中草药饲料添加剂的饲料a,所述饲料a由以下重量份的原料组成:80份豆粕、鱼粉40份、大蒜2-4份、葡萄糖10份、麸皮10-15份、陈皮2-4份、15份红薯叶、15份茶叶梗、10份榆树叶、5-10份芦根、5-15份桔梗、1份纤维素酶、0.8份N-(2,4-二羟基-3,3-二甲基丁酰基)-β-氨基丙酸钙、0.5份L-苏氨酸、0.5份L-蛋氨酸、0.5份L-精氨酸、0.5份L-谷氨酸、1份大蒜素、0.5份丁香和1β-胡萝卜素;
(3)适应期饲喂:喂食添加有中草药饲料添加剂的饲料b,所述饲料b由以下重量份的原料组成:80份豆粕、玉米40份、葡萄糖10份、大腹皮4-6份、15份红薯叶、15份茶叶梗、凤尾草10-15份、陈皮8-10份、大青叶10-15份、1份纤维素酶、0.8份N-(2,4-二羟基-3,3-二甲基丁酰基)-β-氨基丙酸钙、0.5份L-苏氨酸、0.5份L-蛋氨酸、0.5份L-精氨酸、0.5份L-谷氨酸、1份大蒜素、0.5份丁香和1β-胡萝卜素;
(4)生长期喂养:喂食添加有中草药饲料添加剂的饲料c,所述饲料c以下重量份的原料组成:80份豆粕、玉米80份、米糠60份、20份茶叶梗、15份大青叶、8份芦根、10份桔梗、0.5份纤维素酶、0.3份N-(2,4-二羟基-3,3-二甲基丁酰基)-β-氨基丙酸钙、0.4份L-苏氨酸、0.3份L-蛋氨酸、0.3份L-精氨酸、0.4份L-谷氨酸、0.8份大蒜素和1份β-胡萝卜素;
(5)圈舍消毒:将EM活性液稀释100倍,按每平方米0.8公斤的用量对圈舍进行喷雾消毒,每月消毒1-3次;
所述中草药饲料添加剂包括以下重量份数比的中草药组分:车前草5-15份、穿心莲3-10份、黄芪3-8份、砂仁0-8份、神曲0-8份、党参2-6份、淫羊藿3-8份、商路3-8份、黄精2-6份、厚朴5-10份、五味子0-8份、五加皮3-8份、贯众0-5份、大黄3-8份、鱼腥草3-10份、生姜0-8份、桑葚3-8份、薄荷3-8份、淡竹叶3-10份、山栀3-8份、黄芩3-8份、芦根0-8份、牛蒡子0-8份、山楂3-10份、甘草3-10份、松针粉3-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生猪饲养方法,其特征在于:在饲喂的饲料中还包括微生态制剂,伯顿毕赤酵母(Pichiaburtonii)CICIMNo.Y0320、罗伊氏乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillusreuteri)CGMCCNo.0841、嗜酸乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillusacidophilus)CGMCCNo.0842和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)CGMCCNo.0372的菌群,按菌落形成单位数目比为(1-3)∶(8-12)∶(2-5)∶(4-8)配制而成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的生猪饲养方法,其特征在于:所述仔猪断奶前饲养期间采用所述添加有中草药饲料添加剂的饲料a饲喂,每日3-4次,每次0.3-0.4千克。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的生猪饲养方法,其特征在于:适应期饲喂期间,采用添加有中草药饲料添加剂的饲料b饲喂,每日2-3次,每次0.5-1.0千克。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的生猪饲养方法,其特征在于:所述生长期饲喂期间,采用添加有中草药饲料添加剂的饲料出c饲喂,每日2-3次,每次0.8-1.2千克。
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