CN106074453B - 高乌甲素凝胶贴膏及其制备方法 - Google Patents
高乌甲素凝胶贴膏及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106074453B CN106074453B CN201610415530.1A CN201610415530A CN106074453B CN 106074453 B CN106074453 B CN 106074453B CN 201610415530 A CN201610415530 A CN 201610415530A CN 106074453 B CN106074453 B CN 106074453B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高乌甲素凝胶贴膏及其制备方法,所述凝胶贴膏依次包括无纺布层、贴膏基质层和保护层;其中,贴膏基质层含有如下重量份数的组分:高乌甲素1.0~2.5,交联型基质5~12,交联剂0.2~0.4,交联调节剂0.2~0.4,亲水性基质0.5~3,填充剂0.5~3,保湿剂20~35,透皮促进剂0.5~3,增溶剂8~25,水25~55。本发明所制备的凝胶贴膏载药量大,含水量高、保湿性强,透皮速率高,长效、缓释作用好,降低毒副作用,可疏通经络脏腑,发挥全身作用;无致敏性、刺激性,使用方便、不污染衣物、不拔汗毛,可反复揭贴,生产成本低廉。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物制剂及其制备方法,具体涉及一种高乌甲素凝胶贴膏。
背景技术
高乌甲素是从毛茛科乌头属植物高乌头根中提取的生物碱,又称刺乌头碱,拉巴乌头碱(lappaconitine,LA),属于二萜类生物碱。本品为我国首创的非成瘾性镇痛药,用于治疗中度以上疼痛、手术后疼痛及顽固性疼痛,特别是癌症疼痛,总有效率可达90.82%,是卫生部《癌症病人三阶梯止痛疗法指导原则》中规定的非成瘾性中枢神经系统镇痛药。本品镇痛作用与吗啡或哌替啶(杜冷丁)相当,是解热镇痛药氨基比林的7倍,且作用时间长,不成瘾,长期使用不会产生身体依赖,无曲马多样不良反应(如镇静、口干舌燥、大量出汗、恶心、呕吐、头痛等中枢神经系统的特异性症状和眩晕等非特异性症状),也没有非甾体药物的胃肠道等不良反应。本品还具有局部麻醉、降温、解热、抗炎消肿和抗心律失常作用。
目前临床上应用的高乌甲素剂型主要为氢溴酸高乌甲素片剂、粉针剂和注射剂等。但由于高乌甲素的母核为四环二萜,致使其在水中的溶解度极低,其氢溴酸盐在水中也是微溶,这就导致普通片剂口服后药物溶出慢或不能完全溶出,生物利用度较低,且存在药物首过效应。注射剂型多为静脉滴注或肌肉注射,虽然无生物利用度问题,但在体内消除半衰期短,且注射时疼痛,质量要求严格,使用不当易发生危险。
氢溴酸高乌甲素分子量为683.64,熔点为217~221℃,溶于甲醇,微溶于乙醇,难溶于水。由于氢溴酸高乌甲素脂溶性差,水溶解度小,氢溴酸高乌甲素标准安全范围很窄,治疗指数不大,制成经皮给药制剂可以避免口服给药可能产生的肝脏首过效应,避免胃肠道的破坏、降低药物毒性和不良反应,减少给药次数,使用方便。高乌甲素的化学结构也显示其具有较适宜的油水分配系数,具备一定的经皮渗透性,因此可将其制成透皮制剂。高乌甲素贴片在体动物实验研究表明,高乌甲素经皮吸收后,在较长时间(72h)内相对稳定维持较高血药浓度,从而达到稳定持久的治疗作用。但是由于经皮吸收量的不足,限制了其对重度疼痛等方面的治疗。
目前已经公开的文献报道的有高乌甲素贴剂、凝胶剂、微乳等,但还没有其凝胶贴膏的相关报道。已报道的贴剂均采用药物与压敏胶,再加入适量促渗剂制成,但压敏胶吸水性差,导致贴片存在皮肤顺应性差,透气、透水和透氧等渗透性能不佳,长时间贴附会对皮肤造成伤害等问题,而高乌甲素凝胶贴膏可克服上述的缺陷。
授权公告号CN 101062019B公开了一种氢溴酸高乌甲素透皮贴片及其制备方法,采用丙烯酸压敏胶树脂获得透皮速率为0.34μg/cm2h的贴剂。
公开号CN 1074117A公开了高乌甲素贴片的配方制法,采用聚异丁烯压敏胶制备。
公开号CN 101574331A公开了一种高乌甲素透皮贴片及其制备方法,采用压敏胶制备。
凝胶贴膏,按照中国药典2015版的定义,凝胶贴膏(原巴布膏剂或凝胶膏剂)系指原料药物与适宜的亲水性基质混匀后涂布于背衬材料上制成的贴膏剂。凝胶贴膏剂具有以下优点:1载药量大;2含水量高、保湿性强,促进皮肤的水合作用强,有利于药物透皮吸收;3一次用药可使药物长时间以恒定速率进入体内,起到长效、缓释作用;4控制药物进入体内的速率,维持平稳的血药浓度,避免血药浓度“峰谷”现象,降低毒副作用;5穴位经络吸收,可疏通经络脏腑,发挥全身作用;6与皮肤的生物相容性好,透气性好,无致敏性、刺激性;7使用方便、不污染衣物、不拔汗毛,可反复揭贴;8生产过程无污染、无需防爆措施,生产成本低廉。
本发明的高乌甲素凝胶贴膏克服了高乌甲素口服制剂、注射剂和压敏胶贴剂的上述缺陷,从而具备更优越的使用效果。
发明内容
鉴于以上问题,本发明的目的是提供一种高乌甲素凝胶贴膏及其制备方法。该凝胶贴膏采用新型高分子材料制备而成,透皮效果好、载药量大、药物溶解性及稳定性良好;同时降低了血药浓度的波动,减少了药物引起的不良反应。根据需要可以随时揭贴,三天一贴,提高了患者的顺应性。
本发明的高乌甲素凝胶贴膏包括无纺布层、贴膏基质层和保护层,其中,贴膏基质层含有如下重量份数的组分:
本发明选用的交联型辅料为聚丙烯酸部分中和物,包括聚丙烯酸钠中和百分比即中和度为70%的NP-600(商品名:ViscomateTM)、聚丙烯酸钠中和百分比即中和度为50%的NP-700(商品名:ViscomateTM)、聚丙烯酸钠中和百分比即中和度为35%的NP-800(商品名:ViscomateTM)中的一种或几种。优选NP-800。
所述交联剂包括甘羟铝、氢氧化铝、氯化铝、硫酸铝、明矾中的一种或几种。优选甘羟铝。
所述交联调节剂为pH调节剂,是酒石酸、枸缘酸、乳酸、EDTA或EDTA-2Na中的一种或几种。在pH调节剂提供的酸性环境下,交联剂的铝离子逐渐释放,与交联型辅料即部分中和的聚丙烯酸钠的羧基交联形成骨架。有时为了延缓交联的速度,基质配方中会加入EDTA即乙二胺四乙酸二钠与铝离子螯合,从而有利于贴膏基质的搅拌和涂布。
所述亲水性辅料为非交联型的,通常为卡波姆、羧甲基纤维素钠CMC-Na、甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇PVA、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮PVP、明胶、阿拉伯胶中的一种或几种。它们承担增加基质黏性(也称为增粘剂)、稠度或者硬度的功能;增粘剂可以防止药物结晶析出,增强药物的稳定性。
所述的增溶剂包括乙醇、二乙二醇单乙基醚(商品名可以是TranscutL P)、聚乙二醇-8-甘油辛酸/癸酸酯(商品名可以是Labrasol)、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(商品名可以是Pharmasolve)中的一种或几种。
所述的填充剂包括高岭土、微粉硅胶、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮PVPP、二氧化钛、硅胶、皂土、碳酸钙、氧化锌、白陶土中的一种或几种。目的是:1是为了增加基质的粘性;2是为了改变基质的弹性而增加涂展性;3是作为填充剂使用改变基质的结构而呈蜂窝状,有利于提高基质的整体性能。
所述保湿剂可保持巴布剂膏体的水分,促进皮肤水化,从而增强药物的渗透,增加药物生物利用度。本发明所用的保湿剂为丙二醇、甘油、1,3丁二醇、聚乙二醇中的一种或几种。
所述透皮促进剂包括氮酮、丙二醇、油酸、月桂醇、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、桉叶油、薄荷醇中的一种或几种。优选氮酮或桉叶油。
本发明凝胶贴膏包含以上所述成分,但不仅限于以上成分。根据产品需要,还可以加入所述防腐剂、表面活性剂中的一种或几种;其中,防腐剂为苯甲酸、尼泊金甲酯、尼泊金乙酯、尼泊金丙酯、尼泊金丁酯中的一种或几种;表面活性剂为聚山梨酯、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、OP乳化剂、平平加O中的一种或几种。
本发明高乌甲素凝胶贴膏基质中可保留25~55%的水分,这也是区别于传统橡胶膏或压敏胶贴剂的最大优势,水含量高既可以增加有效成分的溶解度及有利于药物的透皮吸收;其次高含水量的凝胶有利于增加皮肤的相容性,避免对皮肤的过敏和刺激。
本发明高乌甲素凝胶贴膏使用的背衬材料为无纺布,不但对膏体起支撑作用,而且柔韧性强,延伸性好,能够适应关节等身体表面的弯曲处,同时由于其透气性好,能够在一定程度上降低皮肤过敏刺激性以及水化作用。
本发明高乌甲素凝胶贴膏使用的保护膜采用通常的聚乙烯、聚丙烯等材料,对膏体表面起保护作用,使用时撕去即可。
上述高乌甲素凝胶贴膏的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将高乌甲素加入增溶剂中搅拌,超声均匀,制成高乌甲素混悬液;
(2)将交联剂加入保湿剂中,搅拌均匀后加入交联型辅料,搅匀,再加入步骤(1)得到的高乌甲素混悬液,搅拌均匀后加入填充剂,搅拌均匀,得A相;
(3)将亲水性辅料、交联调节剂加入蒸馏水中溶解,再加入透皮促进剂及表面活性剂,搅拌均匀得B相;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的B相加入到步骤(2)得到的A相中,快速搅拌至适当粘稠度,用涂布机涂布,再切割成合适的尺寸,用铝箔袋包装,即得高乌甲素凝胶贴膏。
本发明的技术效果如下:
1、增加高乌甲素在贴膏基质中的溶解度,有利于透皮吸收;
2、本申请选用的基质材料特性使得该凝胶贴膏能够容纳高含量的增溶剂和透皮促进剂,增溶剂和透皮促进剂直接加进去等待交联成型即可,有利于大大促进透皮吸收;而压敏胶基质需要烘干,承载增溶剂和透皮促进剂的容量是有限的;
3、与皮肤生物相容性好,无刺激性、过敏性,患者使用顺应性好。
附图说明
图1是实施例的单位面积累积渗透量Qn—时间曲线。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步详细的说明,但不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡基于本发明的内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。显然,根据本发明的内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明的基本技术思想的前提下,还可以做出其他多种形式的修改、替换和变更。
实施例1~3的配方
实施例1
制备方法:
称取处方量的高乌甲素原料药,加至Transcutol P中,搅拌并超声30min,制成高乌甲素混悬液,备用;取甘羟铝加入甘油中,搅拌均匀后再加入Viscomate NP-800,搅匀,再加入高乌甲素混悬液,搅拌均匀后再加入PVPP,搅拌均匀,作为A相。另取卡波姆、酒石酸加入蒸馏水中溶解,再加入氮酮和吐温80,搅拌均匀,作为B相。将B相加入到A相中,快速搅拌至适当粘稠度,用涂布机涂布,再切割成合适的尺寸,用铝箔袋包装,即得高乌甲素凝胶贴膏。
实施例2
制备方法:
称取处方量的高乌甲素原料药,加至聚乙二醇-8-甘油辛酸/癸酸酯、乙醇中,搅拌并超声30min,制成高乌甲素混悬液,备用;取甘羟铝加入甘油中,搅拌均匀后再加入Viscomate NP-800和NP-700,搅匀,再加入高乌甲素混悬液,搅拌均匀后再加入微粉硅胶,搅拌均匀,作为A相。另取PVA、酒石酸加入蒸馏水中溶解,再加入油酸、氮酮和聚氧乙烯蓖麻油,搅拌均匀,作为B相。将B相加入到A相中,快速搅拌至适当粘稠度,用涂布机涂布,再切割成合适的尺寸,用铝箔袋包装,即得高乌甲素凝胶贴膏。
实施例3
制备方法:
称取处方量的高乌甲素原料药,加至Pharmasolve、乙醇中,搅拌并超声30min,制成高乌甲素混悬液,备用;取甘羟铝加入甘油中,搅拌均匀后再加入Viscomate NP-800,搅匀,再加入高乌甲素混悬液,搅拌均匀后再加入高岭土,搅拌均匀,作为A相。另取PVP K-90、酒石酸加入蒸馏水中溶解,再加入桉叶油和吐温80,搅拌均匀,作为B相。将B相加入到A相中,快速搅拌至适当粘稠度,用涂布机涂布,再切割成合适的尺寸,用铝箔袋包装,即得高乌甲素凝胶贴膏。
实施例4 高乌甲素凝胶贴膏初黏力试验
根据《中国药典》(2015年版)四部通则0952黏附力测定法第一法(初黏力的测定)。初黏力采用滚球斜坡停止法测定。取供试品3片,除去保护层,置于倾斜角为15°的倾斜板中央,膏面向上,斜面上部10cm及下部15cm用0.025mm厚的涤纶薄膜覆盖,中间留出5cm膏面。取不同直径的钢球,自斜面顶端自由滚下,根据黏性面能粘住的最大钢球的球号,评价其初黏性的大小。结果显示实施例1、2、3中高乌甲素凝胶贴膏分别黏住32、32、31号的钢球,表明初黏力性能良好。
实施例5 高乌甲素凝胶贴膏黏着力试验
根据《中国药典》(2015年版)四部通则0952黏附力测定法第四法(黏着力的测定)。黏着力采用BLD-200N电子剥离试验机进行。取凝胶贴膏(70cm×50cm)3片,黏性面向上,置于上样模块上,对准刻度线。将两边的盖衬分别撕开少许,用压条分别压住两边露出的黏性面,小心除去盖衬,居中自然放置在夹具底板上,使供试品平整地贴合在底板上。将压板水平压下,用两侧螺栓固定底板和压板,使矩形条上的供试品黏性面均匀绷紧,放于仪器上,固定后设定压辊前行速度为600mm·min-1,后退速度为21mm·min-1进行测定。黏着力测定结果为1820±156mN,符合2015年版中国药典规定的凝胶贴膏黏着力应为1000~2000mN的标准。
实施例6 高乌甲素凝胶贴膏含膏量测定
取批号为20160426的高乌甲素凝胶剂10片,除去盖衬,精密称定,置烧杯中,加适量水,加热煮沸至背衬与膏体分离后,将背衬取出,用水洗涤至背衬无残留膏体,晾干,在105℃:干燥30分钟,移至干燥器中,冷却30分钟,精密称定,减失重量即为膏重,按标示面积换算成100cm2的含膏量。结果显示:本品含膏量均值为11.82g/100cm2,差异限度在+5%以内,符合2015版中国药典规定。
实施例7 高乌甲素凝胶贴膏赋形性实验
取凝胶贴膏供试品,置37℃、相对湿度64%的恒温恒湿箱中30分钟,取出,用夹子将供试品固定在一平整钢板上,钢板与水平面的倾斜角为60°,放置2 4小时,膏面应无流淌现象。
取每批样品各10片进行试验,结果显示三批样品最后均无流淌现象,符合药典赋形性检查要求。
实施例8 高乌甲素凝胶贴膏稳定性考察
1、影响因素试验
1.1高温试验
取高乌甲素凝胶膏剂一批,密封,置于60℃恒温箱中,分别于0、5、10天取样,测定其有关项目包括性状、含量、有关物质、黏附性均无太大改变。
1.2高湿试验
取高乌甲素凝胶膏剂一批,密封,在25℃,相对湿度75%和90%的条件下放置10天。于0、5、10天取样,测定其有关项目包括性状、含量、有关物质、黏附性均无太大改变。
1.3光照试验
取高乌甲素凝胶膏剂一批,密封,置于装有日光灯的光照箱里,于强光为4500Lx±500Lx的条件下进行光照试验,分别于0、5、10天取样,测定其有关项目包括性状、含量、有关物质、黏附性均无太大改变。
2、加速试验
取高乌甲素凝胶膏剂三批,密封,在加速试验箱内40℃和相对湿度75%±5%条件下放置,分别于0、1、2、3、6个月的月末各取样一次,测定其相关项目包括性状、含量、有关物质、黏附性均无太大改变。
3、长期试验
取高乌甲素凝胶膏剂三批,密封,放入试验箱内于25℃,相对湿度60%±10%的条件下放置,于0、3、6、9、12、18、24、36月的月末各取样一次,测定其相关项目包括性状、含量、有关物质、黏附性均无太大改变。
实施例9 体外透皮试验
采用改良的立式Franz扩散池,将离体小鼠皮肤固定于直径2cm的扩散池上,角质层面向供给室。将实施例1-3高乌甲素凝胶贴膏或市售高乌甲素贴片贴敷于角质层面,接收池内置一搅拌子,加入接收液50%乙醇溶液约7ml,排尽气泡。将扩散池置于透皮扩散试验仪(TK-20A型,上海锴凯科技贸易有限公司)中,温度控制在(37±0.5)℃,启动恒速搅拌(200转/分),分别于6、12、24、30、36、48、54、60、72h取样1mL,并补充等温等体积接收液。每组样品至少平行做3份。接收液用0.45μm滤膜过滤,取续滤液HPLC法测定高乌甲素浓度,计算单位面积累积渗透量Qn(μg/cm2)。
单位面积累积渗透量Qn—时间曲线如图1所示。由上述结果可知,与比较例(市售贴剂)相比,本发明实施例中主药溶解性和稳定性较好,2、4、6、8、10、12、16、24小时的累计透皮量显著高于比较例,本发明制剂的透皮速率优于比较例。
实施例10 高乌甲素凝胶贴膏皮肤刺激性试验
方法:取试验用家兔6只,实验前24h将家兔脊柱两侧毛剪净,去毛范围左、右各11cm×15cm,检查皮肤有无受损。脱毛后将动物分为两组,即完整皮肤组和破损皮肤组,破损皮肤组于给药前用消毒的16号针头将脱毛区皮肤划破,划成井字形破口,深度以渗血为准,左右两侧皮肤破损程度保持一致。给药方法:贴药试验采用同体左右侧自身对比,左侧脱毛区给予实施例1凝胶贴膏,右侧脱毛区给予空白基质凝胶贴膏,先用2层纱布覆盖,再用医用胶带固定。每只动物分笼饲养,给药24h后,除去覆盖物,用温水擦洗干净给药区,分别于1h、24h、48h和72h后观察给药部位有无红斑和水肿现象,以及上述变化的恢复情况和时间。
结果家兔完整皮肤、破损皮肤组接触凝胶贴膏后,均未见局部有红斑和水肿现象,同体左右侧比较未见异常反应。表明高乌甲素凝胶贴膏对皮肤无刺激。
实施例11 高乌甲素凝胶贴膏皮肤过敏性试验
按照国家食品药品监督管理局《化学药物刺激性、过敏性和溶血性研究技术指导原则》进行。
方法:取试验用豚鼠30只,雌雄各半,实验前24h背部脊柱两侧毛剪净,去毛面积每侧各为3×3cm2,随机分为3组,每组10只,雌雄各半,分别为高乌甲素凝胶贴膏组(药物组)、空白基质凝胶贴膏组(阴性对照组)和阳性对照组(阳性致敏物2,4-二硝基氯代苯)。
致敏接触:各组动物左侧脱毛区分别给予实施例1高乌甲素凝胶贴膏组、空白基质凝胶贴膏组和1%的2,4-二硝基氯代苯0.2ml,给药后用两层纱布覆盖,再用医用胶带固定。持续6h后,去掉覆盖物,用温水擦洗干净。第7和14天,以同样方法重复一次。观察皮肤有无红斑和水肿情况。
激发接触:于末次致敏接触后14天,分别于动物右侧脱毛区给予实施例1高乌甲素凝胶贴膏组、空白基质凝胶贴膏组和0.5%的2,4-二硝基氯代苯0.2ml,给药后用两层纱布覆盖,再用医用胶带固定。持续6h后,去掉覆盖物,用温水擦洗干净。即刻观察,并于24h、48h和72h再次观察皮肤过敏反应情况。
结果:阳性对照组去除受试物后即可观察到皮肤均出现不同程度的红斑,未出现水肿,此后逐渐减轻,至72小时皮肤多数恢复正常。阴性对照组的空白基质凝胶贴膏组、药物组的高乌甲素凝胶贴膏组在观察期内均未出现红斑或水肿。结果表明散结止痛巴布膏对受试动物皮肤无过敏性。表明高乌甲素凝胶贴膏对皮肤无过敏性。
Claims (3)
1.一种高乌甲素凝胶贴膏,其特征在于,所述凝胶贴膏依次包括无纺布层、贴膏基质层和保护层;
其中,贴膏基质层含有如下重量份数的组分:
所述交联型辅料是聚丙烯酸部分中和物,包括聚丙烯酸钠中和百分比即中和度为70%的NP-600、聚丙烯酸钠中和百分比即中和度为50%的NP-700、聚丙烯酸钠中和百分比即中和度为35%的NP-800中的一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的凝胶贴膏,其特征在于,所述贴膏基质层还包括防腐剂和/或表面活性剂;其中,防腐剂为苯甲酸、尼泊金甲酯、尼泊金乙酯、尼泊金丙酯、尼泊金丁酯中的一种或几种;表面活性剂为聚山梨酯、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、OP乳化剂、平平加O中的一种或几种。
3.权利要求1或2所述的高乌甲素凝胶贴膏的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将高乌甲素加入增溶剂中搅拌,并超声均匀,制成高乌甲素混悬液;
(2)将甘羟铝加入甘油中,搅拌均匀后加入交联型辅料,搅匀,再加入步骤(1)得到的高乌甲素混悬液,搅拌均匀后加入微粉硅胶,搅拌均匀,得A相;
(3)将PVA、酒石酸加入蒸馏水中溶解,再加入油酸和氮酮及聚氧乙烯蓖麻油,搅拌均匀得B相;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的B相加入到步骤(2)得到的A相中,快速搅拌至适当粘稠度,用涂布机涂布,再切割成合适的尺寸,用铝箔袋包装,即得高乌甲素凝胶贴膏。
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