CN106069465A - The rain shelter cultivation method of the Prunus avium that a kind of yangtse-huaihe region is suitable for - Google Patents
The rain shelter cultivation method of the Prunus avium that a kind of yangtse-huaihe region is suitable for Download PDFInfo
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- CN106069465A CN106069465A CN201610406291.3A CN201610406291A CN106069465A CN 106069465 A CN106069465 A CN 106069465A CN 201610406291 A CN201610406291 A CN 201610406291A CN 106069465 A CN106069465 A CN 106069465A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of rain shelter cultivation method of Prunus avium that yangtse-huaihe region is suitable for, comprise the following steps: (1), do ridge, build rain-proof shelter；(2) nutritional solution pouring Prunus avium root, the most by the end of March, is used；(3), from Prunus avium bloom first 7 days start fine day, remove rain-proof shelter top polyethylene film；(4), at the Prunus avium florescence, winning the cherry blossom that growing way on Prunus avium is more weak, the ratio won is always to spend several 1/4, second day of defloration, and Prunus avium blade face and flower spray the aqueous solution of urea that mass fraction is 0.01%, and the amount of spraying is 20kg/ mu.The cultural method of the present invention, at the end of three months to early May be yangtse-huaihe region Prunus avium season of flowers, the climate variability time after now yangtse-huaihe region is in the beginning of spring, in order to ensure that Prunus avium pollinating process of blooming is not affected by rainy weather, promote the adaptability to environment of Prunus avium and promote percentage of fertile fruit, effectively prevent the generation of dehiscent fruit and malformed fruit, it is achieved the high and stable yields of Prunus avium.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi field of planting, be specifically related to the rain shelter cultivation side of the Prunus avium that a kind of yangtse-huaihe region is suitable for
Method.
Background technology
Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is the fruit of a kind of high nutritive value, appearance beauty bright in colour, sparkling and crystal-clear, red such as Achates, yellow such as lipoid,
Fruit is rich in the multiple element such as sugar, protein, vitamin and calcium, ferrum, phosphorus, potassium.In the Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi planting process of yangtse-huaihe region, March
The end is yangtse-huaihe region Prunus avium season of flowers to early May, the climate variability time after now yangtse-huaihe region is in the beginning of spring, often
Causing Prunus avium to bloom not to be pollinated, cause fruit-setting rate low, malformed fruit ratio is too high, affects Prunus avium quality and economic worth.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the rain shelter cultivation method of the Prunus avium that a kind of yangtse-huaihe region is suitable for, for yangtse-huaihe region
Weather conditions and the habit of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, can effectively prevent owing to excessive rainfall causes the underproduction of Prunus avium.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The rain shelter cultivation method of the Prunus avium that a kind of yangtse-huaihe region is suitable for, comprises the following steps:
(1), selecting leeward facing south, level of ground water is low, is difficult to the soil of long-pending flood, arranges plantation ridge, and ridge is along North and South direction setting, ridge
Wide 2.8-4m, ridge is above the ground level 0.5-0.8m, is provided with gutter, draining ditch depth 0.8-1m, draining furrow width 0.8-between adjacent ridge
1m, spreads Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi special fertilizer on ridge, and cherry tree, for being layered on 15cm on ridge, is planted on ridge, between tree by Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi special fertilizer amount of application
Away from for 2.8m, building arch rain-proof shelter on ridge, rain-proof shelter height is higher than tree crown top 0.5-1m, covers poly-second on rain-proof shelter
Alkene film, polyethylene film uses pressing plate to be fixed on rain-proof shelter top, and rain-proof shelter width is more than the width 30-40cm on its ridge, place；
Described Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi special fertilizer makes to prepare using the following method: take chicken manure 50 parts, cattle manure 20 parts, wormcast 25 parts mixing by weight
Uniformly, obtain mix excrement, add mixing excrement weight 0.2% sodium bicarbonate solution, fermentation process 3 days at a temperature of 32 DEG C, then
Admix Folium toonae sinensis and the soybean cake of mixing excrement weight 1%, the mix homogeneously of mixing excrement weight 5%, continue fermentation 3 days at 35 DEG C, obtain
Fermentation fertilizer；
Take 20 parts of carbamide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15 parts, molybdenum acid ammonia 0.1 part, algae clay 25 parts, 6 parts of dextrin, Polyethylene Glycol by weight
12 parts of mix homogeneously, use comminutor to carry out pelletize, obtain fertilizer microgranule, and the particle diameter of microgranule is 2-3mm；
Take 0.2 part of sulfur, Radix Bupleuri 2.5 parts, Radix Platycodonis 3.5 parts, 2.2 parts of Fructus Piperis, Radix Notoginseng 4.5 parts, Radix Codonopsis 1.2 parts, big by weight
Bulbus Allii 6 parts, Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati 0.6 part, Fructus Foeniculi 3 parts, 5 parts of Fructus Hordei Germinatus are ground into the powder of particle diameter 1mm, obtain Chinese medicine composition；
Fermentation fertilizer, fertilizer microgranule are mixed by weight the ratio of 100:20:0.8 with Chinese medicine composition, pelletize, obtain Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi
Special fertilizer；
(2), the most by the end of March, using nutritional solution pouring Prunus avium root, nutritional solution usage amount is true according to cherry tree trunk diameter
Recognizing, trunk diameter is below 2cm, and each tree uses nutritional solution 0.8kg, and trunk diameter often increases 1cm, and nutritional solution consumption increases
0.2kg, described nutritional solution is made up of following raw material by weight: white vinegar 15 parts, Yekuzuo 0.01 part, heteroauxing 0.01 part,
Borax 0.1 part, 500 parts of water；
(3), from Prunus avium bloom the fine day started for first 7 days, remove the polyethylene film at rain-proof shelter top, make the bud can be by sunlight
Direct projection, promotes ventilation effect simultaneously, promotes the fruit-setting rate of Prunus avium；
(4), at the Prunus avium florescence, winning the cherry blossom that growing way on Prunus avium is more weak, the ratio won is always to spend several 1/4, plucks
Second day of flower, sprays the aqueous solution of urea that mass fraction is 0.01% to Prunus avium blade face and flower, and the amount of spraying is 20kg/ mu.
Described rain-proof shelter is arranged along ridge length direction, at width centreline east side, ridge partial width more than centrage west side, ridge
Partial width 30-50cm.Rain-proof shelter deflection is arranged, blows the rule of southeaster for yangtse-huaihe region spring and summer, can be effective
Avoid blowing to cherry tree cause the underproduction owing to wind causing rainwater to turn to；
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the implantation methods of the Prunus avium that the present invention provides, by arranging rain-proof shelter, can be prevented effectively from
At the end of three months to early May be yangtse-huaihe region Prunus avium season of flowers, the climate variability time after now yangtse-huaihe region is in the beginning of spring,
Ensure that Prunus avium pollinating process of blooming is not affected by rainy weather, promote the adaptability to environment of Prunus avium and promote setting
Rate, effectively prevents the generation of dehiscent fruit and malformed fruit, it is achieved the high and stable yields of Prunus avium.It is simultaneous for the environment of yangtse-huaihe region, will
Rain-proof shelter deflection is arranged, and promotes further effect of taking shelter from rain, uses sufficient base fertilizer before Prunus avium is planted, in base fertilizer manure use with
Inorganic fertilizer collectively constitutes, and due to collocation rationally, can promote the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer and the persistency of fertilizer, promote the breathability of soil
And water penetration, fertilizer is also added into a small amount of Chinese medicine ingredients, there is good insect protected effect, using Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi special fertilizer 3
Do not have the underground pest and disease damage such as root rot and boat-shaped caterpillar in Nian, and different growing stages use different nutrients or
Medicament, can be more beneficial for the growth of Prunus avium, is beneficial to promote the fruit-setting rate of Prunus avium, promotes the Prunus avium suction to trace element
Receive, promote the nutritive value of Prunus avium, promote the safety of Prunus avium.The Prunus avium single fruit weight ratio of the inventive method plantation is normal
Rule implantation methods weighs about 5%, and total output promotes about 10%, and the sugariness of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is also obviously improved, and Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi Se content promotes 85%
Above, Zn content promotes 15%, and nutritive value is obviously improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
The rain shelter cultivation method of the Prunus avium that a kind of yangtse-huaihe region is suitable for, comprises the following steps:
(1), selecting leeward facing south, level of ground water is low, is difficult to the soil of long-pending flood, arranges plantation ridge, and ridge is along North and South direction setting, ridge
Wide 2.8-4m, ridge is above the ground level 0.5-0.8m, is provided with gutter, draining ditch depth 0.8-1m, draining furrow width 0.8-between adjacent ridge
1m, spreads Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi special fertilizer on ridge, and cherry tree, for being layered on 15cm on ridge, is planted on ridge, between tree by Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi special fertilizer amount of application
Away from for 2.8m, building arch rain-proof shelter on ridge, rain-proof shelter height is higher than tree crown top 0.5-1m, covers poly-second on rain-proof shelter
Alkene film, polyethylene film uses pressing plate to be fixed on rain-proof shelter top, and rain-proof shelter width is more than the width 30-40cm on its ridge, place；
Described Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi special fertilizer makes to prepare using the following method: take chicken manure 50 parts, cattle manure 20 parts, wormcast 25 parts mixing by weight
Uniformly, obtain mix excrement, add mixing excrement weight 0.2% sodium bicarbonate solution, fermentation process 3 days at a temperature of 32 DEG C, then
Admix Folium toonae sinensis and the soybean cake of mixing excrement weight 1%, the mix homogeneously of mixing excrement weight 5%, continue fermentation 3 days at 35 DEG C, obtain
Fermentation fertilizer；
Take 20 parts of carbamide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15 parts, molybdenum acid ammonia 0.1 part, algae clay 25 parts, 6 parts of dextrin, Polyethylene Glycol by weight
12 parts of mix homogeneously, use comminutor to carry out pelletize, obtain fertilizer microgranule, and the particle diameter of microgranule is 2-3mm；
Take 0.2 part of sulfur, Radix Bupleuri 2.5 parts, Radix Platycodonis 3.5 parts, 2.2 parts of Fructus Piperis, Radix Notoginseng 4.5 parts, Radix Codonopsis 1.2 parts, big by weight
Bulbus Allii 6 parts, Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati 0.6 part, Fructus Foeniculi 3 parts, 5 parts of Fructus Hordei Germinatus are ground into the powder of particle diameter 1mm, obtain Chinese medicine composition；
Fermentation fertilizer, fertilizer microgranule are mixed by weight the ratio of 100:20:0.8 with Chinese medicine composition, pelletize, obtain Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi
Special fertilizer；Use the method to carry out doing ridge, draining in Prunus avium planting process can be conducive to, ridge is laid certain thickness
Fertilizer, is possible not only to grow, into Prunus avium, the nutritional labeling providing enough, promotes Prunus avium growth；This Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi special fertilizer is combined with
Machine fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer and Chinese medicine preparation are used in mixed way, and inorganic fertilizer can provide Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi needs many by proportioning and the fermentation of science
Planting organic and trace element, inorganic fertilizer, by processing, has certain slow releasing function, then is used in mixed way with fertilizer, play
Preferably slow releasing function, and fertilizer is used in conjunction with inorganic fertilizer, it is also possible to extend the fertilizer efficiency time, keep soil from packing together, will
Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi special fertilizer is layered on ridge, can effectively provide nutrition, and special fertilizer layer and soil horizon have different water absorption, permissible
Be conducive to keeping Radix Pruni pseudocerasi Repiration, promote that it grows, add medicinal herb components, can effectively prevent root-feeding insect and disease from sending out
Raw.
(2), the most by the end of March, using nutritional solution pouring Prunus avium root, nutritional solution usage amount is according to cherry tree trunk diameter
Confirming, trunk diameter is below 2cm, and each tree uses nutritional solution 0.8kg, and trunk diameter often increases 1cm, and nutritional solution consumption increases
0.2kg, described nutritional solution is made up of following raw material by weight: white vinegar 15 parts, Yekuzuo 0.01 part, heteroauxing 0.01 part,
Borax 0.1 part, 500 parts of water；Use nutritional solution pouring i.e. can promote Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi root activity, promote its suction to nutritional labeling
Receive, promote the growth of cherry tree, but also there is certain insect protected, the function of prevention root-feeding insect.
(3), from Prunus avium bloom first 7 days start fine day, remove rain-proof shelter top polyethylene film, make bud to be subject to
Direct sunlight, promotes ventilation effect simultaneously, promotes the fruit-setting rate of Prunus avium；
(4), at the Prunus avium florescence, winning the cherry blossom that growing way on Prunus avium is more weak, the ratio won is always to spend several 1/4, plucks
Second day of flower, sprays the aqueous solution of urea that mass fraction is 0.01% to Prunus avium blade face and flower, and the amount of spraying is 20kg/ mu,
Can promote that the flower development retained becomes fruit with effectively save nutrient, and fruit development be more preferable, promote single fruit the speed of growth and
The weight of single fruit.
Comparative example 1
Using the rain shelter cultivation method of embodiment 1, but use the Prunus avium special fertilizer different from embodiment 1, special fertilizer is normal
The Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi base manure of rule.
Comparative example 2
Existing general planting method.
The cultural method using embodiments of the invention 1 carries out planting experiment with comparative example 1, the method for comparative example 2, experiment
Place is that Feidong, Hefei City, Anhui Province county magistrate borders on the river town, selects 15 mu of experimental plots that soil soil property is identical, takes a point ridge miscegenation side
Formula plantation Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi red light, 5 kinds such as pioneer, Mo Li, early big fruit, U.S. morning, it is randomly divided into 3 plot, 5 mu of every piece of ground.Respectively
Using the method plantation described by embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, remaining environmental factors is essentially identical, adds up each group flat
The data such as equal yield, result is as shown in table 1:
Table 1:
| Per mu yield (kg) | Fruit-setting rate (%) | Malformed fruit rate (%) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 895 | 95.2 | 8.9 |
| Comparative example 1 | 789 | 87.5 | 15.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 405 | 62.8 | 43.8 |
As shown in Table 1, the rain shelter cultivation method of the present invention is by using rain shade, and uses the Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi special fertilizer of the present invention,
Fruit-setting rate and the yield of Prunus avium can be greatly promoted, reduce malformed fruit rate, improve the quality of Prunus avium, improve Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi
The economic worth of plantation.
Claims (2)
1. the rain shelter cultivation method of the Prunus avium that a yangtse-huaihe region is suitable for, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1), selecting leeward facing south, level of ground water is low, is difficult to the soil of long-pending flood, arranges plantation ridge, and ridge is along North and South direction setting, ridge
Wide 2.8-4m, ridge is above the ground level 0.5-0.8m, is provided with gutter, draining ditch depth 0.8-1m, draining furrow width 0.8-between adjacent ridge
1m, spreads Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi special fertilizer on ridge, and cherry tree, for being layered on 15cm on ridge, is planted on ridge, between tree by Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi special fertilizer amount of application
Away from for 2.8m, building arch rain-proof shelter on ridge, rain-proof shelter height is higher than tree crown top 0.5-1m, covers poly-second on rain-proof shelter
Alkene film, polyethylene film uses pressing plate to be fixed on rain-proof shelter top, and rain-proof shelter width is more than the width 30-40cm on its ridge, place；
Described Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi special fertilizer makes to prepare using the following method: take chicken manure 50 parts, cattle manure 20 parts, wormcast 25 parts mixing by weight
Uniformly, obtain mix excrement, add mixing excrement weight 0.2% sodium bicarbonate solution, fermentation process 3 days at a temperature of 32 DEG C, then
Admix Folium toonae sinensis and the soybean cake of mixing excrement weight 1%, the mix homogeneously of mixing excrement weight 5%, continue fermentation 3 days at 35 DEG C, obtain
Fermentation fertilizer；
Take 20 parts of carbamide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15 parts, molybdenum acid ammonia 0.1 part, algae clay 25 parts, 6 parts of dextrin, Polyethylene Glycol by weight
12 parts of mix homogeneously, use comminutor to carry out pelletize, obtain fertilizer microgranule, and the particle diameter of microgranule is 2-3mm；
Take 0.2 part of sulfur, Radix Bupleuri 2.5 parts, Radix Platycodonis 3.5 parts, 2.2 parts of Fructus Piperis, Radix Notoginseng 4.5 parts, Radix Codonopsis 1.2 parts, big by weight
Bulbus Allii 6 parts, Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati 0.6 part, Fructus Foeniculi 3 parts, 5 parts of Fructus Hordei Germinatus are ground into the powder of particle diameter 1mm, obtain Chinese medicine composition；
Fermentation fertilizer, fertilizer microgranule are mixed by weight the ratio of 100:20:0.8 with Chinese medicine composition, pelletize, obtain Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi
Special fertilizer；
(2), the most by the end of March, using nutritional solution pouring Prunus avium root, nutritional solution usage amount is true according to cherry tree trunk diameter
Recognizing, trunk diameter is below 2cm, and each tree uses nutritional solution 0.8kg, and trunk diameter often increases 1cm, and nutritional solution consumption increases
0.2kg, described nutritional solution is made up of following raw material by weight: white vinegar 15 parts, Yekuzuo 0.01 part, heteroauxing 0.01 part,
Borax 0.1 part, 500 parts of water；
(3), from Prunus avium bloom the fine day started for first 7 days, remove the polyethylene film at rain-proof shelter top, make the bud can be by sunlight
Direct projection, promotes ventilation effect simultaneously, promotes the fruit-setting rate of Prunus avium；
(4), at the Prunus avium florescence, winning the cherry blossom that growing way on Prunus avium is more weak, the ratio won is always to spend several 1/4, plucks
Second day of flower, sprays the aqueous solution of urea that mass fraction is 0.01% to Prunus avium blade face and flower, and the amount of spraying is 20kg/ mu.
The rain shelter cultivation method of the Prunus avium that a kind of yangtse-huaihe region the most according to claim 1 is suitable for, it is characterised in that institute
State rain-proof shelter to arrange along ridge length direction, at width centreline east side, ridge partial width more than centrage west side, ridge partial width
30-50cm。
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| CN107182683A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-22 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | Southern warm-wetness region mountain region sweet cherry protects leaf and promotees fruit integrated approach |
| CN112262849A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-01-26 | 宁波市鄞州区农业技术推广站 | Compound agent for improving fruit setting rate of southern sweet cherries and method for improving fruit setting rate of southern sweet cherries |
| CN112449975A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-09 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Method for preventing and treating fruit cracking of sweet cherries based on Internet of things technology |
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| CN107182683A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-22 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | Southern warm-wetness region mountain region sweet cherry protects leaf and promotees fruit integrated approach |
| CN112262849A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-01-26 | 宁波市鄞州区农业技术推广站 | Compound agent for improving fruit setting rate of southern sweet cherries and method for improving fruit setting rate of southern sweet cherries |
| CN112449975A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-09 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Method for preventing and treating fruit cracking of sweet cherries based on Internet of things technology |
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