CN106063088A - 用于电机的防电晕系统，特别是外部防电晕系统 - Google Patents

用于电机的防电晕系统，特别是外部防电晕系统 Download PDF

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CN106063088A
CN106063088A CN201580010406.0A CN201580010406A CN106063088A CN 106063088 A CN106063088 A CN 106063088A CN 201580010406 A CN201580010406 A CN 201580010406A CN 106063088 A CN106063088 A CN 106063088A
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anticorona
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B.克劳斯纳
J.兰
S.兰
A.利廷斯基
G.施密特
C.舒尔茨-德罗斯特
K.谢弗
C.斯托巴克
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Yinmengda Co ltd
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02K3/30—Windings characterised by the insulating material
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种防电晕系统，其用于电机，例如像用于产生电能的发电机、电动机那样的高压电机，然而也用于带有较高额定电压的其它电气设备，如变压器、套管、电缆等。该防电晕系统的突出之处在于填料混合物，在所述填料混合物中不仅存在平面状而且存在球状颗粒。因此，在仅存在平面状颗粒的情况下在两个空间方向上良好但是在第三空间方向上很差的导电性能够有针对性地各向异性地得以调节。

Description

用于电机的防电晕系统，特别是外部防电晕系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防电晕系统，其用于电机，例如像用于产生电能的发电机、电动机那样的高压电机，然而也用于带有较高额定电压的其它电气设备，如变压器、套管、电缆等。
背景技术
因为不断进步的技术总是寻求更高的功率密度，所以总是研制出功率更大的机器如发电机。大功率的发电机如涡轮发电机尤其包括带有定子叠片铁心和多个发电机凹槽的定子，在这些发电机凹槽中存有发电机绕组。
绕组相对于叠片铁心的主绝缘是高电气负荷的系统。在运行中出现的高电压必须在处于高电压的导电棒和处于地电位的叠片铁心之间的绝缘体积中得以衰减。在叠片铁心中的叠片的边棱上在此出现了电场过高，所述电场过高又转过来引起局部放电。这些局部放电当撞击在该绝缘体系上时局部地造成很强的加热。在此，该绝缘体系的有机材料，包含外部防电晕系统的有机材料在内，被逐渐地分解为小分子的挥发性产物，例如分解为CO2。
绝缘体系的重要组成部分是所谓的外部电晕保护部(AGS)。在较大的发电机和电动机的情况下，该外部电晕保护部被直接施加在绕组绝缘的表面上。现今，AGS由含炭黑和石墨的带或漆组成。
因为受体系制约特别是在AGS与主绝缘之间的界面不能完全无孔隙地制成，所以在绝缘体系中在相应高的电场强度下造成了相应高的电气局部放电活动，该局部放电活动在运行中随时间进行将所述外部电晕保护部完全燃烧并由此造成了该绝缘的提前老化和在最糟糕的情况下造成电机的接地。这相当于该电机的不可修复的完全失效。
外部电晕保护部必须具有一定的处于特定范围内的方块电阻。如果方块电阻过低，则叠片铁心可被电气短路，这可导致高的感应的循环电流，所述循环电流在叠片铁心的端部和外部电晕保护部上显现并导致强电流的电弧。在过高电阻的情况下，可再次造成高压电火花腐蚀。理想方式是，外部防电晕系统中的电阻是可调节的，从而可产生各向异性，该各向异性示出沿径向(即从导引电流的导体至叠片铁心)升高的导电性和沿导电棒方向升高的电阻，即低的导电性。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题因此在于，克服现有技术的缺陷，提供稳定的防电晕系统。
该技术问题通过正如在说明书和权利要求中公开的本发明的主题得以解决。
与此相应地，本发明的主题是用于电机的防电晕系统，其包括处于聚合物基体中的填料，其中，所述填料既包含平面状也包含球状的、防局部放电且导电的颗粒。
优选地，所述颗粒包括抗局部放电的核和抗局部放电的导电涂层。
术语“抗局部放电”在此是指这样的材料，所述材料例如在空气中局部放电时是抗氧化的或者尤其是在局部放电时保持稳定，正如陶瓷和/或玻璃那样。
聚合物基体例如是热塑性塑料、热固性塑料和/或弹性体。
根据有利的实施方式，抗局部放电的核由陶瓷状或玻璃状材料构成，该材料优选地具有低密度和优选为云母、石英粉、氧化铝或玻璃小片。
在颗粒具有平面状结构的情况下，实现了导电颗粒相互之间改善的接触。优选地，涂覆颗粒的材料为金属氧化物并选自氧化锡、氧化锌、锡酸锌、二氧化钛、氧化铅或非氧化物的碳化硅。掺杂元素优选地选自锑、铟、镉。
另外优选的是，这样选择颗粒在载体基体中的颗粒质量浓度，使得防电晕材料在渗流阈值之上。在此优选的是，所述颗粒的颗粒质量浓度为大于15重量％。自该特定的在载体基体中的颗粒质量浓度起，该复合材料处于渗流阈值之上并且防电晕材料的表面电阻随颗粒质量浓度的增大而几乎不变。因此，防电晕材料几乎不经历表面电阻的波动，该表面电阻因此是能够良好再现的。
本发明的一个特别方面是球形和平面状填料颗粒的混合物。从DE 102010 009 462.5得知，为了制备外部电晕保护部，使用平面状的小片形状的颗粒，这些颗粒由于它们在制备过程期间的定向和导电涂层而形成了导电路径，沿着这些导电路径，导电性高且电阻低。其缺陷在于，垂直于所述导电路径即沿径向(在此处小片形状的颗粒仅具有很小尺寸)，导电性相当低。然而如上所述，所需要的恰恰是沿该径向的导电性。
本发明的一般认知是，相对于例如从DE 10 2010 009 462.5已知的那样具有经涂覆的平面状颗粒的电晕保护部的突出特性，通过添加球形颗粒能够有针对性地调节横向于小片的导电性。
优选地，使用处于微米尺寸的颗粒，例如，小片的宽度和长度在微米范围，即例如在1至300μm，尤其是1至100μm和特别优选地1至40μm的范围，与此相反它们沿厚度方向的直径处于纳米范围，即处于50至1000nm，尤其处于l00nm至1000nm的范围。球形颗粒例如具有0.5至50μm，尤其是1至10μm的直径。
通过将球状即球形填料添加至平面状或小棒状填料，三个空间方向的渗流阈值移向显著更低的填料浓度。由此且由于球状填料比平面状颗粒具有更低的比表面积这一事实，在所述复合材料中的界面上的绝对表面积显著减小，其中，该体系却仍然还处于渗流阈值之上。因此，现在第一次能够使得这样的云母带在暴露至温度下熔融并在重叠的绕组的情况下很好地相互熔融并且由于该重叠而几乎不出现接触电阻。同时，该体系是且保持非常可再现的，因为如此也可将电阻调节成大于渗流阈值。
例如，平面状颗粒相对于球形颗粒以约3:1的比例存在。
-通过将球状填料添加至平面状填料，与定向的填料小片垂直方向的导电性显著升高，因为小球嵌入小片之间。因此，可以在给定范围内适配云母层的各向异性的电阻。
-当球状颗粒同样由经掺杂的金属氧化物制备时，它们如同从在前申请DE 10 2010 009 462.5已知的平面状颗粒那样还是抗局部放电的。因此，电机的寿命得以显著延长或可以采用较高的功率驱动。
-这样的球状填料的常规导电性可通过掺杂金属氧化物进行调节(类似于平面状填料)。
优选地，这两种填料均具有轻的载体衬底。
-平面状颗粒为云母，球状颗粒为石英粉。由此确保了这样制备的填料具有相对较低的密度并且因此在加工期间不会沉淀，因为在所提及的衬底上的功能涂层由经掺杂的金属氧化物构成，例如由密度为6.9g/cm3的掺杂锑的氧化锡构成。所制成的填料连同相应的轻的衬底因而仅具有例如3.5g/cm3的密度。
相较于仅由球状颗粒构成的电晕保护部，填料的平面状几何结构以及在电晕保护部中垂直于电场负载的取向显著延长了穿过电晕保护部的腐蚀路径。因此，向小片状的颗粒中添加的球状颗粒的量需要在这样的冲突中进行选择，即在通过尽可能完全的小片状颗粒来增长腐蚀路径和通过球状颗粒来调节各向异性的导电性之间进行选择。
本发明涉及一种防电晕系统，其用于电机，例如像用于产生电能的发电机、电动机那样的高压电机，然而也用于带有较高额定电压的其它电气设备，如变压器、套管、电缆等。该防电晕系统的突出之处在于填料混合物，在所述填料混合物中既存在平面状颗粒也存在球状颗粒。因此，在仅存在平面状颗粒的情况下在两个空间方向上良好但是在第三空间方向上很差的导电性能够有针对性地各向异性地得以调节。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于电机的防电晕系统，其包括处于聚合物基体中的填料，其中，所述填料既包含平面状的也包含球状的防局部放电且导电的颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防电晕系统，其中，所述聚合物基体能够由热塑性塑料、热固性塑料和/或弹性体制备。
3.根据前述权利要求之一所述的防电晕系统，其中，所述颗粒包括抗局部放电的核，所述核带有抗局部放电的导电涂层。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的防电晕系统，其中，所述球状颗粒和平面状颗粒约以1:3的比例包含在所述填料中。
CN201580010406.0A 2014-02-28 2015-02-25 用于电机的防电晕系统，特别是外部防电晕系统 Pending CN106063088A (zh)

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DE102014203740.9 2014-02-28
DE102014203740.9A DE102014203740A1 (de) 2014-02-28 2014-02-28 Glimmschutzsystem, insbesondere Außenglimmschutzsystem für eine elektrische Maschine
PCT/EP2015/053911 WO2015128367A1 (de) 2014-02-28 2015-02-25 Glimmschutzsystem, insbesondere aussenglimmschutzsystem für eine elektrische maschine

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DE102014203740A1 (de) 2014-02-28 2015-09-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Glimmschutzsystem, insbesondere Außenglimmschutzsystem für eine elektrische Maschine
DE102014203744A1 (de) 2014-02-28 2015-09-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Leitfähiges Glimmschutzpapier, insbesondere für den Außenglimmschutz
DE102015209594A1 (de) * 2015-05-26 2016-12-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Widerstandsbelag für einen Glimmschutz einer elektrischen Maschine
EP3866308A1 (de) * 2020-02-11 2021-08-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Teilentladungsverhindernde wickelkopfimprägnierung

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