CN106036307A - 蛹虫草多糖复方饮液及制备方法 - Google Patents
蛹虫草多糖复方饮液及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种蛹虫草多糖复方饮液,由以下组分组成:蛹虫草多糖15~25%,香菇多糖1.3~2%,猴头菇多糖1.3~2%,枸杞多糖1.3~2%,红枣多糖1.3~2%,水果酵素15~25%,蜂蜜1~5%,柠檬酸0.1~0.3%,羧甲基纤维素钠0.1~0.5%,山梨酸钾0.005~0.015%,余量为水,以重量百分比计。本发明针对蛹虫草中多糖含量低、功能单一和生物利用度低的问题,以蛹虫草多糖、其它多糖按比例复配,加入水果酵素配成饮液,获得生物利用度高、功能强和功效多的保健食品,适合大多数人服用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种保健食品,特别是涉及蛹虫草原料的来源、蛹虫草多糖及多种物质的多糖等原料组成的营养保健蛹虫草饮液及其制备方法。
背景技术
冬虫夏草[Cordyceps sinensis(Berk)Sacc.]是我国名贵的中药材,与人参、鹿茸一起列为中国三大补药,是唯一一种能够同时平衡调节阴阳的名贵中药。蛹虫草又名北冬虫夏草、北虫草等,蛹虫草为子囊菌亚门,麦角菌目,麦角菌科、虫草属的模式种,与冬虫夏草是同一个属。主产于云南、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古,生于针、阔叶林或混交林地表土层中鳞翅目昆虫的蛹体上。能采用家蚕和柞蚕蛹人工批量培育,药效、药理与野生种相似甚至更好。蛹虫草含有虫草素、虫草多糖等多种生物活性物质。蛹虫草与冬虫夏草相仿,在药化、药理和临床实验中被证明可作为冬虫夏草的重要替代品。
蛹虫草保健品研究与开发现状:以蛹虫草为原料,研磨、煲汤等方式服用,这些方法费时、费力及不利于吸收;或以蛹虫草粉为原料,制作成蛹虫草胶囊或蛹虫草含片,这种方法不利于吸收;或以蛹虫草或发酵提取液为原料,制成口服液,使其营养更高。目前市场上已有多种蛹虫草制品,形态上主要有虫草药酒、虫草药膳、虫草茶、虫草饮料和各类胶囊、片剂等。
蛹虫草中的多糖含量较少且不易分离,故对多糖进行深入的研究,规范多糖的提取方法,研制好的剂型,提高生物利用度,增加其靶向性和功效,使其同时具有多种保健强身功能的研究尤为重要。
发明内容
为了克服蛹虫草中的多糖含量较少、功能单一和生物利用度低,本发明研制了蛹虫草多糖水果酵素饮液及制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下措施实现的:
一种蛹虫草多糖复方饮液,由以下组分组成:蛹虫草多糖15~25%,香菇多糖1.3~2%,猴头菇多糖1.3~2%,枸杞多糖1.3~2%,红枣多糖1.3~2%,水果酵素15~25%,蜂蜜1~5%,柠檬酸0.1~0.3%,羧甲基纤维素钠0.1~0.5%,山梨酸钾0.005~0.015%,余量为水,以重量百分比计。
上述蛹虫草多糖是按照以下步骤提取的:将蛹虫草清洗,热水回流提取水煮120min,得重量浓度为15%蛹虫草提取液,3000r/min离心10min后得上清液,将上清液浓缩至重量浓度为60%蛹虫草提取液,加入3倍于蛹虫草提取液体积的无水乙醇,放在4摄氏度冰箱过夜,出现大量沉淀,将上清液倒掉,得沉淀,冷冻干燥,得蛹虫草多糖。
上述水果酵素的制备方法,包括以下步骤:选取重量份数为黄瓜1~2份、胡萝卜1~2份、竹笋1~2份、火龙果1~2份、猕猴桃1~2份为原料,去杂,打浆,加入1~3份蜂蜜,于121℃高温高压条件下灭菌15min,在无菌操作条件下,接种10wt%复合发酵菌液,进行发酵,发酵时间200天,发酵结束后于121℃高温高压条件下灭菌15min杀灭发酵菌,过滤后液体为果蔬酵素。
上述复合发酵菌液是将乳酸菌、酵母菌、干酪乳杆菌的菌种活化培养制备成发酵菌液。具体包括以下步骤:(1)将乳酸菌、酵母菌、干酪乳杆菌分别在LB平板上划线接种,放入30℃培养箱中培养至长满菌丝;(2)挑取平板上的菌落分别接入装有50ml培养液的三角培养瓶中,置于摇床,转速200rpm,温度30℃,恒温培养48~72小时,得到三种菌液;(3)将三种菌液按乳酸菌∶酵母菌∶干酪乳杆菌=1∶1∶1比例配成浓度为每毫升含2.5×107个孢子的菌液,作为复合发酵液。
上述蛹虫草多糖复方饮液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:取蛹虫草多糖15%,香菇多糖1.6%,猴头菇多糖1.6%,枸杞多糖1.6%,红枣多糖1.6%,水果酵素20%,蜂蜜3%,柠檬酸0.2%,乳化剂羧甲基纤维素钠0.3%,山梨酸钾0.01%,去离子水加至100%混合,均质,瞬时灭菌,灭菌温度在100-120℃,时间在30-60分钟,灌装。
有益效果
1.本发明针对蛹虫草中多糖含量低、功能单一和生物利用度低的问题,以蛹虫草多糖、其它多糖按比例复配,加入水果酵素配成饮液,获得生物利用度高、功能强和功效多的保健食品,适合大多数人服用。
2.在蛹虫草多糖饮液的加工制备中,有效成分的生物活性易削弱或丧失,且多糖是大分子物质,其生物利用度极低。而本发明不仅能够改善肠胃消化系统功能,加速多糖的吸收,而且能够提高多糖的生物利用度,使得产品在水解吸收过程中产生更多的寡糖、低聚糖,利于与体内免疫系统发生作用,例如与粘膜上的细胞受体结合,从而激活一些信号通路、引起免疫反应,不但可以增多功效,而且还可以提高药理作用和临床疗效。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明做进一步详细说明。以下实施例仅限于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种蛹虫草多糖复方饮液,原料重量配比是:蛹虫草多糖15%,香菇多糖1.6%,猴头菇多糖1.6%,枸杞多糖1.6%,红枣多糖1.6%,水果酵素20%,蜂蜜3%,酸味剂(柠檬酸)0.2%,乳化剂(羧甲基纤维素钠)0.3%,防腐剂(山梨酸钾)0.01%,去离子水加至100%。
蛹虫草多糖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:筛选优质蛹虫草,清洗,热水回流提取水煮120min,得重量浓度为15%蛹虫草提取液,3000r/min离心10min后得上清液,将上清液至旋浓缩至重量浓度为60%蛹虫草提取液,加入3倍于蛹虫草提取液体积的无水乙醇,放入4℃冰箱过夜,出现大量沉淀,将上清液倒掉,得沉淀,冷冻干燥,得蛹虫草多糖。
选取重量份数为黄瓜1份、胡萝卜1份、竹笋1份、火龙果1份、猕猴桃1份为原料,去杂,打浆,加入2份蜂蜜,于121℃高温高压条件下灭菌15min,在无菌操作条件下,接种10wt%复合发酵菌液,进行发酵,发酵时间200天,发酵结束后于121℃高温高压条件下灭菌15min杀灭发酵菌,过滤后液体为果蔬酵素。
上述复合发酵菌液是将乳酸菌、酵母菌、干酪乳杆菌的菌种活化培养制备成发酵菌液。具体包括以下步骤:①将乳酸菌、酵母菌、干酪乳杆菌分别在LB平板上划线接种,放入30℃培养箱中培养至长满菌丝;②挑取平板上的菌落分别接入装有50ml培养液的三角培养瓶中,置于摇床,转速200rpm,温度30℃,恒温培养48~72小时,得到三种菌液;③将三种菌液按乳酸菌∶酵母菌∶干酪乳杆菌=1∶1∶1比例配成浓度为每毫升含2.5×107个孢子的菌液,作为复合发酵液。
蛹虫草多糖复方饮液的制备方法为:取蛹虫草多糖15%,香菇多糖1.6%,猴头菇多糖1.6%,枸杞多糖1.6%,红枣多糖1.6%,水果酵素20%,蜂蜜3%,柠檬酸0.2%,乳化剂羧甲基纤维素钠0.3%,山梨酸钾0.01%,去离子水加至100%混合,均质,瞬时灭菌,灭菌温度在100-120℃,时间在30-60分钟,最后灌装为本发明饮液。制得的产品效果验证如下:
1.保健功能试验:
(1)抗肿瘤作用
选取20只健康且体重相近(18±2g)的清洁型ICR小鼠,在小鼠背部皮下接种5×106个S180细胞。随机分为A(0.9%生理盐水作为对照组)、B(实施例1作为实验组)两组,每组10只。A组灌入0.4ml生理盐水,B组灌入0.4ml蛹虫草多糖液,每天同一时间灌胃1次,连续灌胃10天后放血处死,取瘤称重。实验组瘤重0.396±0.112g,对照组瘤重0.908±0.110g。
结论:本产品具有良好的抗肿瘤作用。
(2)抗氧化作用
首先配制好9mmol/LFeSO4、9mmol/L水杨酸乙醇溶液、8.8mmo L/L过氧化氢溶液和不同浓度梯度的本产品(分别为5mg/mL、10mg/mL、15mg/mL、20mg/mL、25mg/mL)。取15支试管分成5组依次做好编号,每组3个平行试验,每支试管中加入1mL 9mmol/L FeSO4、2mL9mmol/L水杨酸乙醇溶液,按照编号依次加入不同浓度的多糖溶液2mL,再分别加入2mL8.8mmol/L过氧化氢溶液,室温下反应1h后。蒸馏水空白调零,在510nm处测定各试管的吸光度,计算不同浓度本产品对羟自由基的清除率。
计算公式:羟自由基清除率(%)=(A0-AS)/A0×100%
其中:A0——空白对照管的吸光度;
AS——加入样品后的吸光度
结果表明本产品多糖浓度为20mg/mL时,羟自由基的抑制率达到最高75%以上,试验表明本产品具有良好的还原能力。
结论:本产品具有良好的体外抗氧化作用。
(3)降血糖
选取12只健康且体重相近(18±2g)的清洁型ICR小鼠,以多次低剂量链脲霉素(multiple low-dose streptozotocin,MLD-STZ)方法腹腔注射BALB/c小鼠,成功诱导出糖尿病小鼠。随后随机分成A、B两组,每组6只。每天同一时间,分别给A组小鼠注射本产品300mL/kg、B组小鼠注射饮用蒸馏水,每天注射一次,连续注射6周,每周断尾取血,用血糖仪测定血糖浓度。实验组血糖浓度由19.08±2.66(mmol/L,n=6)变成11.10±3.42(mmol/L,n=6),对照组由19.11±2.94(mmol/L,n=6)变成17.41±3.52(mmol/L,n=6)。
结论:本产品对糖尿病小鼠有较好的降糖作用。
(4)护肝作用。
选取30只健康且体重相近(18±2g)的清洁型ICR小鼠,随机分成正常对照组(饲喂正常饲料)、急性CCl4肝损伤模型组(简称模型对照组,正常饲料+CCl4)、产品组(正常饲料+CCl4+本产品为500mg/kg多糖),每组10只。每天晚上7:00,产品组灌胃0.2mL,正常对照组与模型对照组灌胃等体积0.2mL生理盐水,连续灌胃7天,末次灌胃2小时后,正常对照组注射0.2mL花生油,其他各组每只鼠腹腔注射0.2%CCl4花生油溶液0.2m L。禁食16h,断头取血约3mL,室温放置2h,3000r/min离心10min后取血清,-20℃密封保存备用;取肝左叶用生理盐水制成10%的组织匀浆。取肝右叶,用10%甲醛溶液固定,冰冻保存。用考马斯亮蓝法测定组织中蛋白含量,采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定SOD活性。取甲醛固定的肝右叶组织,常规石蜡切片,HE染色、20×10倍光镜镜检。正常对照组SOD活性29.75±0.13(U/mg pro),MDA含量2.43±0.14(nmol/mg pro),TP含量64.96±0.26(mg/m L pro);模型对照组SOD活性15.08±0.85(U/mg pro),MDA含量9.21±0.08(nmol/mg pro),TP含量56.86±0.12(mg/m Lpro);产品组SOD活性24.91±0.13(U/mg pro),MDA含量3.67±0.58(nmol/mg pro),TP含量60.61±0.88(mg/m L pro)。
结论:模型对照组SOD水平显著低于正常对照组(P<0.01),说明肝细胞已受到破坏。产品组SOD水平显著高于模型对照组(P<0.01),表明产品组起到了抑制SOD降低的作用。模型对照组MDA含量显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01),说明CCl4诱导的急性肝损伤模型成功。产品组MDA水平显著低于模型对照组(P<0.01),表明本产品起到了抑制MDA升高的作用。因此,本产品具有护肝作用。
(5)保护肾功能
健康witsra大鼠12只,雌、雄各半,50天龄,雌性体重160-180g,雄性体重170-200g,随机分成三组,正常对照组、模型组对照组、产品组,每组4只。模型对照组、产品组分别在水合氯醛麻醉下行左侧肾脏2/3切除术。术后大鼠单独饲养3天后分组置饲养笼群养。第三天开始进行千预治疗:(A)产品组,4只,每天给予本产品500mg/kg灌胃;(B)模型对照组,4只,(C)正常对照组,4只。模型组和正常对照组每大给予等量的饮用水灌胃,大鼠自山饮水、进食。次术后4周各组分别处死大鼠2只。术后9周处死剩余的2只。开放肾脏静脉,用4℃预冷的生理盐水冲洗肾脏直至变白,摘下肾脏,将其剖开,取部分肾组织(兼顾皮、髓质)置10%福尔马林固定液固定24小时,流水冲洗2小时,常规剃度酒精脱水,二甲苯透明,石蜡包埋,3pm厚连续切片,用HE染色、PSA染色,检查肾小球硬化指数。采用半定量方法评估肾小球硬化程度,每张切片均观察20个完整肾小球。4周时肾小球硬化指数,正常对照组2.36±1.24、模型对照组28.17±4.05、蛹虫草多糖组25.89±4.11,9周时肾小球硬化指数,正常对照组2.55±1.21、模型对照组45.07±9.97、产品组30.02±7.45。
结论:模型对照组肾小球硬化指数显著低于正常对照组(P<0.01),说明肾小球已受到破坏。产品组肾小球硬化指数显著低于模型对照组(P<0.01),表明产品组对肾小球起到了保护作用。模型对照组肾小球硬化指数显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01),说明肾小球损伤模型成功。因此,本产品具有能保护肾功能。
(6)改善肠胃消化系统
选取20只健康且体重相近(18±2g)的清洁型ICR小鼠,禁食20-24小时,随机分为2组,即产品组(20.0ml/kg灌胃),对照组(等量生理盐水灌胃),每组10只动物,用苦味酸标记。90分钟后各组给予0.3ml墨汁液灌胃。20分钟后,颈椎脱臼处死,打开腹腔分离肠膜,上端至幽门、下端至回盲部剪取肠管,置于托盘上。轻轻将小肠拉成直线,测量肠管长度作为小肠总长度。从幽门至墨汁前沿的距离作为“墨汁在肠内推进距离”。用公式计算墨汁推进百分率。墨汁推进率(%)=墨汁在肠内推进距离(cm)/小肠全长(cm)×100%。各组小鼠小肠推动功能。正常对照组推进率65.011±6.121%,产品组推进率85.203±8.654%。
结论:本产品能改善肠胃消化系统。
2.吸收率试验验证:
选取20只健康且体重相近(18±2g)的清洁型ICR小鼠,随机分2组,即本专利产品组(简称实验组,本产品20.0ml/kg灌胃),对照组(等量生理盐水灌胃),每组10只动物,10分钟后每只小鼠灌入0.4mL2%葡聚糖蓝2000溶液,30分钟后颈椎脱臼处死动物,开腹取出全部胃肠,自幽门括约肌处取胃,将其内残留的葡聚糖蓝2000充分溶2mL去离子水中,3500rpm离心15分钟,取上清液,滤液用723型分光光度计,在620nm处测定吸光度,为胃内葡聚糖蓝2000残留量,并求出实验组均值。以对照组均值为100%,得实验组相对胃内色素残留率52.3%。
结论:本产品有助于机体对对营养的吸收。
3.感官评定试验选择20名专业评判人员,对本产品进行感官评价。表1为本产品感官评价指标,表2为评价结果。
表1实施例1的蛹虫草多糖复方饮液感官评分标准
表2实施例1的蛹虫草多糖复方饮液感官评价结果
由表2可以看出,本发明蛹虫草多糖复方饮液酸甜味适中,基本无苦味,不含不溶性颗粒,澄清度较好,黏稠度适中,整体口感好,满足消费者需求。
Claims (4)
1.一种蛹虫草多糖复方饮液,由以下组分组成:蛹虫草多糖15~25%,香菇多糖1.3~2%,猴头菇多糖1.3~2%,枸杞多糖1.3~2%,红枣多糖1.3~2%,水果酵素15~25%,蜂蜜1~5%,柠檬酸0.1~0.3%,羧甲基纤维素钠0.1~0.5%,山梨酸钾0.005~0.015%,余量为水,以重量百分比计。
2.如权利要求1所述蛹虫草多糖复方饮液,所述的复合酵素原料为黄瓜1~2份、胡萝卜1~2份、竹笋1~2份、火龙果1~2份、猕猴桃1~2份、1~3份蜂蜜,以重量份数计。
3.如权利要求1或2所述蛹虫草多糖复方饮液,所述的复合酵素制备方法包括以下步骤:选取重量份数为黄瓜1份、胡萝卜1份、竹笋1份、火龙果1份、猕猴桃1份为原料,去杂,打浆,加入2份蜂蜜,于121℃高温高压条件下灭菌15min,在无菌操作条件下,接种10wt%复合发酵菌液,进行发酵,发酵时间200天,发酵结束后于121℃高温高压条件下灭菌15min杀灭发酵菌,过滤后液体为果蔬酵素。
4.如权利要求1-3任一所述蛹虫草多糖复方饮液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)蛹虫草粉以物料重量比为1:15加蒸馏水,超声30min,在100℃下油浴提取2h,离心得提取液,将提取液浓缩,加入3-5倍无水乙醇进行醇沉过夜;
(2)离心并用无水乙醇洗沉淀,得到粗多糖,将蛹虫草粗多糖进行冷冻干燥,得到蛹虫草多糖粉;
(3)取蛹虫草多糖15%,香菇多糖1.6%,猴头菇多糖1.6%,枸杞多糖1.6%,红枣多糖1.6%,水果酵素20%,蜂蜜3%,柠檬酸0.2%,乳化剂羧甲基纤维素钠0.3%,山梨酸钾0.01%,去离子水加至 100%混合,均质、瞬时灭菌,灭菌温度在100-120℃,时间在 30-60 分钟,灌装封口。
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