CN105939971B - 耐火陶瓷配料、这种配料的用途以及冶金熔炼容器 - Google Patents

耐火陶瓷配料、这种配料的用途以及冶金熔炼容器 Download PDF

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CN105939971B
CN105939971B CN201580007786.2A CN201580007786A CN105939971B CN 105939971 B CN105939971 B CN 105939971B CN 201580007786 A CN201580007786 A CN 201580007786A CN 105939971 B CN105939971 B CN 105939971B
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W.埃克施泰因
K-M.策特尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于制备未成型的耐火陶瓷制品的耐火陶瓷配料、这种配料用于冶金熔炼容器的内衬的用途以及冶金熔炼容器,所述冶金熔炼容器内衬有基于这种配料的未成型的耐火陶瓷制品。

Description

耐火陶瓷配料、这种配料的用途以及冶金熔炼容器
技术领域
本发明涉及用于制备未成型的耐火陶瓷制品(Erzeugnisses)的耐火陶瓷配料、这种配料用于冶金熔炼容器(Schmelzgefäßen)的内衬的用途以及冶金熔炼容器,所述熔炼容器内衬有基于这种配料的未成型的耐火陶瓷制品。
背景技术
耐火陶瓷配料众所周知是指由一种或多种组分组成的组合物,由所述组合物借助陶瓷烧制可制备耐火陶瓷制品。术语“耐火陶瓷制品”在本发明的含义中尤其是指具有在600°C以上的应用温度的陶瓷制品以及优选地根据DIN 51060的耐火材料,也就是说,示温锥当量>SK17的材料。示温锥当量的确定可尤其根据DIN EN 993-12来进行。
耐火陶瓷制品尤其还以未成型的耐火陶瓷制品,也就是说,所谓的“耐火物料”的形式已知。
耐火物料尤其还用于给冶金熔炼容器加内衬。
用于给冶金熔炼容器加内衬或涂层的物料尤其还以所谓的炉制造(Herdbau)-或炉修补物料的形式已知,其用于这种熔炼容器的耐火内衬或用于修补这种熔炼容器的内衬。
用于冶金熔炼容器的炉制造-和炉修补物料通常由富铁和富石灰的天然的氧化镁例如高山氧化镁制备。这种富铁和富石灰的氧化镁优选地用于制备炉制造-和炉修补物料,因为该氧化镁在应用时在相对低的温度下就已形成铁酸二钙(2CaO·Fe2O3;Ca2Fe2O5)。该铁酸二钙在相对低的温度下就已在炉制造-或炉修补物料的朝向冶金熔炼容器的内部空间的表面上形成熔融相。由此保护处于所述熔融相之下的物料以及冶金熔炼容器的由所述物料涂覆的区域以防由于金属熔体造成的侵蚀,直到所述物料在更高的温度下形成密封的烧结层为止,此后金属熔体就几乎不能够侵入到所述烧结层中。
然而这种富铁和富石灰的天然的氧化镁在许多情况下不可利用。对于这些情况而言已知的是,制备合成的富铁和富石灰的氧化镁。为了制备这种合成的富铁和富石灰的氧化镁,将例如贫铁的菱镁矿、白云石和氧化铁载体例如轧屑(Walzenzunder)预混合、压成块并且随后在回转炉中在高的温度下进行烧制,其中,除了合成的氧化镁之外尤其还形成铁酸二钙,所述铁酸二钙对于由氧化镁制备的物料的作用原理而言(如上面阐述的)具有决定性的意义。
然而例如在制备这种合成的富铁和富石灰的氧化镁方面不利的是,该氧化镁必须在特有的回转炉中烧制,因为炉由所使用的用于制备合成的氧化镁的原料被污染。例如在这种炉中不可烧制贫铁和贫石灰的天然的氧化镁,因为该氧化镁会由用于制备合成的富铁和富石灰的氧化镁的原料被污染。
此外,例如已知炉制造-和炉修补物料,其由如下配料制备,所述配料包括烧结氧化镁、煅烧白云石和任选地氧化铁载体。然而煅烧白云石强烈地倾向于水合,从而使得包括这种煅烧白云石的配料仅具有受限的耐储存性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供用于制备耐火物料的基于贫铁的氧化镁的耐火陶瓷配料,所述耐火物料基本上具有与基于富铁和富石灰的天然的氧化镁制备的物料相同的性质。本发明的另一任务在于,提供用于制备如下物料的基于贫铁的氧化镁的配料,所述物料在相对低的温度下就已形成熔体层。本发明的另一目的在于,提供用于制备如下物料的基于贫铁的氧化镁的配料,所述物料在相对低的温度下就已形成熔体并且在较高的温度下形成密封烧结层。本发明的另一目的在于,提供用于制备用于冶金熔炼容器的内衬的物料的这种基于贫铁的氧化镁的配料,所述物料在低的温度下形成熔体并且在高的温度下形成密封的烧结层。本发明的另一目的在于,提供这种用于制备物料的基于贫铁的氧化镁的配料,所述配料具有良好的耐储存性。
为了解决这些目的,根据本发明提供用于制备未成型的耐火陶瓷制品的耐火陶瓷配料,所述配料包括如下原料:
- 一种或多种基于氧化镁的贫铁的原料,该原料比例在66至94重量%的范围内;
- 一种或多种基于碳酸钙的原料,该原料比例在5至30重量%的范围内;以及
- 铁粉,其比例在1至6重量%的范围内。
出乎意料地,根据本发明已证实,通过耐火陶瓷配料(其包括上述原料)可制备未成型的耐火陶瓷制品,也就是说如下物料,所述物料基本上具有与基于富铁和富石灰的天然的氧化镁制备的物料相同的性质。
根据本发明出乎意料地已证实,铁粉结合基于碳酸钙的原料在本发明的配料中的使用导致,在自约1000至1200°C起的温度下就已形成铁酸二钙,所述铁酸二钙在物料的表面上形成熔体层。由此在物料在较高的温度下才形成密封烧结的整块制品(monolithischen Körper)之前,保护所述物料以防炉气或可能的在这种低的温度下已存在于炉中的金属熔体。根据本发明已证实,在此,铁粉与基于碳酸钙的原料比基于氧化铁的原料明显更好地反应成铁酸二钙,从而保证了用于保护物料的铁酸二钙的形成。
根据本发明确定,本发明配料的铁粉自约600°C起反应成氧化亚铁(II)(FeO)。自约1000°C起,尤其是在氧化气氛中,由氧化亚铁(II)或铁粉形成氧化铁(III)(Fe2O3)。此外,基于碳酸钙的原料的碳酸钙最迟在这些温度下进行煅烧,以便在基于碳酸钙的原料中的碳酸钙形成氧化钙(CaO)。氧化亚铁(II)与基于氧化镁的原料的氧化镁反应成铁酸镁(Magnesiaferrit),而特别地氧化铁(III)自约1000°C起与氧化钙反应成铁酸二钙。在此,在更强烈的还原气氛下增加地形成铁酸镁,而在更强烈的氧化气氛下增加地形成铁酸二钙。自约1200°C的温度起,铁酸二钙在物料的表面上形成熔融相,所述熔融相保护处于其以下的、还没有密封烧结的物料以防炉气或可能的在冶金熔炼容器中已经存在的金属熔体的侵蚀。在更高的温度下、尤其是自约1400至1600°C的温度起,也就是说物料在冶金熔炼容器中的通常的应用温度起,物料形成密封烧结的耐火陶瓷整块制品,所述制品尤其包括相方镁石(MgO)、方铁矿((Mg、Fe)O)和CaO。
此外,在根据本发明的配料方面有利的是,该配料只具有稳定的相,从而配料具有非常良好的耐储存性。
根据本发明可特别计划,基于氧化镁的贫铁的原料的铁(按Fe2O3计算并且基于贫铁的原料的总重量计)比例处于1.5重量%以下,也就是说例如还处于1.4重量%、1.3重量%、1.2重量%、1.1重量%、1.0重量%或0.9重量%以下。这些数据基于贫铁的原料的总重量计,从而在使用不同的基于氧化镁的贫铁的原料的情况中,这些原料任选地还可各具有处于上述数据以上的铁比例,只要基于氧化镁的贫铁的原料的总重量处于上述的铁比例以下。
相应地,这同样适用于基于氧化镁的贫铁的原料的钙比例。在此,钙(按CaO计算并且基于贫铁的原料的总重量计)可例如处于5重量%以下,也就是说例如还处于4、3或2重量%以下。
除了铁(Fe2O3)和CaO之外,基于氧化镁的原料例如还可具有下列成分中至少一种的成分:Al2O3(优选地1或0.5重量%以下)、SiO2(优选地5、4、3、2、1重量%以下)或B2O3(优选地0.5或0.4重量%、0.3重量%、0.2重量%或0.1重量%以下)。
优选地,基于氧化镁的贫铁的原料的氧化镁(MgO)的比例(也基于贫铁的原料的总重量计)处于90重量%以上,也就是说例如还处于91、92、93、94、95、96、97或98重量%以上。
在此提供的用重量%表示的数据(只要在个别情况中没有另外说明的话)分别基于本发明的耐火陶瓷配料的总重量计。
基于氧化镁的贫铁的原料可例如以下列原料中至少一种的形式存在:熔融氧化镁或烧结氧化镁。
基于氧化镁的原料(一种或多种)可以在66至94重量%的范围内的比例、也就是说例如还以至少68、70、72、73、74、75或76重量%的比例和例如以最高93、92、91、90、89或88重量%的比例存在于配料中。
优选地可计划,基于氧化镁的贫铁的原料具有最大10mm的颗粒尺寸,尤其是例如最大9、8、7、6或5mm的颗粒尺寸。
在本发明配料中的基于碳酸钙的原料可例如以下列原料中至少一种的形式存在:石灰石、大理石或白云石。
优选地可计划,基于碳酸钙的原料的碳酸钙比例(相对于基于碳酸钙的原料的总重量计)处于90重量%以上,也就是说例如还处于91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98或99重量%以上。例如可计划,基于碳酸钙的原料仅以石灰石的形式存在。
基于碳酸钙的原料(一种或多种)可以在5至30重量%的范围内的比例,也就是说例如还以至少6、7、8或9重量%的比例和例如以最高29、28、27、26、25、24、23、22或21重量%的比例存在于配料中。
根据本发明已证实,为形成铁酸二钙所需的氧化钙应尽可能只以小的比例由白云石来提供。因为在使用配料时将白云石的碳酸镁煅烧成氧化镁,使得经由白云石附加的氧化镁被引入到配料中。就此而言虽然可行的是,任选地减少配料的基于氧化镁的原料的比例。然而当由于来自白云石原料的碳酸镁附加地煅烧,使得在使用配料时除了基于碳酸钙的原料的煅烧之外,还出现配料的原料的附加的煅烧时,由配料制备的物料的性质可变差。就此而言已证实为有利的是,当将在本发明配料中的白云石的比例限于最大15重量%的比例时。
因此只要基于碳酸钙的原料部分地还以白云石的形式存在,则可因此例如计划,除了以石灰石的形式的原料之外,以白云石的形式的原料只以小的比例存在。例如可计划,白云石只以最高15重量%的比例,也就是说例如还以最高14、12、10、8、6、4、3、2或1重量%的比例存在于配料中。
优选地,基于碳酸钙的原料具有最大8mm的颗粒尺寸,也就是说例如还最大为7、6或5mm的颗粒尺寸。此外可例如计划,基于碳酸钙的原料具有至少1mm的颗粒尺寸,也就是说例如还至少为2或3mm的颗粒尺寸。上述针对基于碳酸钙的原料的颗粒尺寸的数据可基于这些原料的总的比例计或例如还可基于原料的至少90重量%的比例计(相对于基于碳酸钙的原料的总重量计)。
铁粉可以在1至6重量%的范围内的比例,也就是说例如还以至少1.2重量%、1.4重量%、1.6重量%、1.8或1.9重量%的比例和以最高5重量%、4重量%、3.8重量%、3.6重量%、3.4重量%、3.3重量%、3.2重量%或3.1重量%的比例存在于配料中。
对于在氧化铁(III)和氧化钙之间生成铁酸二钙的反应而言已证实为有利的是,当氧化铁(III)以尽可能小的颗粒尺寸存在时。这可通过如下方式来实现,即铁粉以小的颗粒尺寸,优选地以0.5mm以下的颗粒尺寸,也就是说例如还以0.4mm、0.3mm、0.2mm或0.1mm以下的颗粒尺寸存在于本发明配料中。这些针对金属粉的颗粒尺寸的数据可基于铁粉的总重量计或例如可基于铁粉的至少90重量%的比例计(基于铁粉的总重量计)。
根据本发明已证实,配料可非常敏感地对其它组分作出反应。例如其它组分可尤其阻止或抑制由氧化铁和氧化钙形成铁酸二钙。这例如尤其适用于碳,因为该碳会与铁粉反应。因此尤其可根据本发明计划,碳在本发明配料中的比例处于1重量%以下。
通常可计划,除了根据本发明计划的基于氧化镁的原料、基于碳酸钙的原料以及铁粉之外还在配料中存在的原料的比例处于10重量%以下,特别优选地处于9、8、7、6或5重量%以下。
此外可计划,氧化物SiO2和Al2O3在配料中的总重量处于5重量%以下,也就是说例如还处于4、3或2重量%以下。氧化物SiO2和Al2O3可例如尤其由于本发明原料的污染而被引入到配料中。
此外,本发明涉及本发明配料用于冶金熔炼容器的内衬的用途。
这种用途可例如在如下条件下实现,即所述配料与至少一种塑化剂拌合成未成型的耐火陶瓷制品,也就是说物料,并且随后用拌合的未成型的耐火陶瓷制品给冶金熔炼容器加内衬。就此而言,本发明配料可尤其用作炉制造-或炉修补物料。
然而本发明配料例如还可在没有塑化剂的情况下直接用作物料。
为了由配料制备未成型的耐火陶瓷制品,也就是说物料,可将配料的原料(除了其可能的塑化剂的补充之外)任选地紧密地相互混合。
冶金熔炼容器(其可由本发明的配料加内衬)原则上可为各种用于容纳金属熔体的容器、例如用于容纳金属熔体的容器、例如电弧炉(Elektrolichtbogenofen),在其中金属熔体通过电弧产生。
在此,冶金熔炼容器的内衬被理解成冶金熔炼容器在如下区域中的至少部分的涂层,只要这些区域没有涂覆或内衬有未成型的耐火陶瓷制品,则所述区域与金属熔体会有接触。
此外,本发明涉及冶金熔炼容器,其内衬有未成型的耐火陶瓷制品,其中所述未成型的耐火陶瓷制品由本发明的配料制备。
为了由本发明的配料制备未成型的耐火陶瓷制品,也就是说物料,可使该配料优选地与塑化剂拌合。这种塑化剂可例如为油例如能黏着灰尘的油,例如为下列油中至少一种:环烃基础的油、柴油或向日葵花油。塑化剂可例如以在(基于在没有塑化剂的情况下的配料的总重量计)0.1至3重量%的范围内的比例添加至配料中。
优选地,本发明的配料干燥地用作物料,即任选地包含塑化剂,而不存在水。
具体实施方式
借助下列实施例进一步阐述本发明。
实施例涉及基于贫铁的烧结氧化镁的配料,所述烧结氧化镁由贫铁和贫石灰的菱镁矿来获得。
在实施例中使用的烧结氧化镁具有根据表1的下列组成,其中在右列中的数据(基于各氧化物占烧结氧化镁的总重量的比例计)分别为用重量%表示的数据。
氧化物 比例
MgO 94.4
Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 0.6
SiO<sub>2</sub> 2.2
Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 0.1
CaO 2.7
表1。
在下面的表2中给出用于本发明的基于根据表1的烧结氧化镁的配料的三个配料实施例A、B和C,其中在配料列中的数据(基于各组分占各配料的总重量的比例计)分别为用重量%表示的数据。
原料 粒度 配料A 配料B 配料C
烧结氧化镁 >5-8mm - - 15
烧结氧化镁 >3-5mm 15 12 10
烧结氧化镁 >1-3mm 17 13 11
烧结氧化镁 >0.3-1mm 10 7 12
烧结氧化镁 >0.1-0.3mm 40 40 10
烧结氧化镁 >0-0.1mm 5 5 20
石灰石 1-5mm 10 20 20
铁粉 >0-0.3mm 3 3 2
表2。
根据A和B的配料用作炉修补物料(热修补物料)并且根据实施例C的配料用作炉制造物料(冷炉衬(Kaltzustellung))以用于给冶金熔炼容器砌炉衬。
此外,根据A和B的配料分别附加地与以(基于在没有向日葵花油的情况下的各配料的总重量计)0.5重量%向日葵花油的比例的塑化剂拌合成物料并且随后用如此拌合的物料给冶金熔炼容器加内衬。
根据实施例C的配料在没有塑化剂的情况下直接用作物料并且用所述配料给冶金熔炼容器加内衬。
本发明的其它特征由权利要求书得出。
所有针对本发明描述的特征可单个地或以组合的形式任意相互组合。

Claims (12)

1.用于制备未成型的耐火陶瓷制品的耐火陶瓷配料,所述配料包括如下原料:
1.1 一种或多种基于氧化镁的贫铁的原料,该原料比例在66至94质量%的范围内,其中按Fe2O3计算并且基于贫铁的原料的总质量计,基于氧化镁的贫铁的原料的铁比例低于1.5质量%;
1.2 一种或多种基于碳酸钙的原料,该原料比例在5至30质量%的范围内;以及
1.3 铁粉,其比例在1至6质量%的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的配料,其中按CaO计算并且基于贫铁的原料的总质量计,基于氧化镁的贫铁的原料的钙比例低于5质量%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的配料,其中基于贫铁的原料的总质量计,基于氧化镁的贫铁的原料的氧化镁比例高于90质量%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的配料,其具有以下列原料中至少一种的形式的基于氧化镁的贫铁的原料:熔融氧化镁或烧结氧化镁。
5.根据权利要求1所述的配料,其中基于氧化镁的贫铁的原料具有最大10mm的颗粒尺寸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的配料,其中相对于基于碳酸钙的原料的总质量计,基于碳酸钙的原料的碳酸钙比例高于90质量%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的配料,其具有以下列原料中至少一种的形式的基于碳酸钙的原料:石灰石或白云石。
8.根据权利要求1所述的配料,其中,所述基于碳酸钙的原料具有最大8mm的颗粒尺寸。
9.根据权利要求1所述的配料,其中,所述铁粉具有最大0.3mm的颗粒尺寸。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的配料用于冶金熔炼容器的内衬的用途。
11.根据权利要求10所述的用途,条件是,将所述配料与至少一种塑化剂拌合成未成型的耐火陶瓷制品并且随后用所述未成型的耐火陶瓷制品给冶金熔炼容器加内衬。
12.冶金熔炼容器,其内衬有未成型的耐火陶瓷制品,其中,所述未成型的耐火陶瓷制品由根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的配料制备。
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