CN105934486B - 延长涂料组合物的适用期的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
披露了液体涂料组合物，其是由包含胺组分和(b)交联剂的反应混合物制备的，该(a)胺组分包含与CO2络合的多胺，其中该胺组分在环境条件下是液体。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于涂料组合物的二氧化碳胺络合物，更具体来说涉及用于含有反应性胺的涂料组合物。
发明背景
基于胺组分的交联的涂料组合物典型地由两组分体系制备，当两个组分快速混合在一起时在环境条件下固化。由胺官能组分制备的此类涂料组合物的适用期可通过将该胺组分转化成相关的盐络合物来延长。例如，当二氧化碳(CO2)与胺反应时，胺形成在室温下为固体的氨基甲酸盐。加热时，释放出与氨基甲酸盐络合的CO2，然后产生液体胺以作为涂料组合物的固化剂。胺与异氰酸酯反应后，可形成聚脲。可包含与胺有反应性的其它官能团以制备其它涂料组合物。
在这样的过程中，可以将在环境条件下是液体的胺加入溶剂中，并且气态CO2鼓泡通过溶液从而使CO2与伯胺和/或仲胺反应并形成氨基甲酸盐。据信，通过在胺(伯或仲)的存在下形成氨基甲酸部分，其中该氨基甲酸质子化并形成了盐，从而出现了氨基甲酸盐制剂。这样的盐络合物已被用于制备需要胺的粉末涂料应用。
发明概述
本发明包括液体涂料组合物，其是由包含(a)胺组分和(b)交联剂反应混合物制备的，该胺组分包含与CO2络合的多胺，其中该胺组分在环境条件下是液体。本发明还包括制备涂料组合物的方法，包括将包含(a)胺组分和(b)交联剂的液体反应混合物施涂到基材上，该胺组分包含与CO2络合的多胺，其中该胺组分在环境条件下是液体，其中该多胺与CO2解离并与交联剂反应。
发明详述
为了本详细说明的目的，除了在有明确相反的说明的情况下之外，应理解可采用各种备选的变化形式和步骤顺序。此外，除非另有说明，否则用于表达在说明书和权利要求书中使用的用量的全部数值应理解为在所有情况下被术语“约”修饰。因此，除非有相反的说明，否则在下面的说明书和所附权利要求书中给出的数值参数是取决于本发明所获得的期望性能来变化的约数。最起码，并且不试图限制对权利要求的范围适用等同原则，各数值参数应该至少按照报道的有效数字的数值并采用普通的舍入技术来解释。
尽管阐明本发明的宽范围的数值范围和参数是约数，但是在具体实施例中所述的数值是尽量精确报道的。然而，任何数值本身含有必然地从在它们各自试验测量中存在的标准偏差获得的必然的误差。
同样地，应理解本申请记载的任何数值范围都意图包含含在其中的所有子范围。例如，范围“1至10”意图包括所记载的最小值1和所记载的最大值10之间(并且包括1和10)的所有子范围，即，具有等于或者大于1的最小值和等于或者小于10的最大值。
另外，除非另有特别说明，否则使用单数包括复数且复数涵盖单数。另外，除非另有明确说明，否则在本申请中使用“或”是指“和/或”，但在某些情形下可明确使用“和/或”。此外，除非另有特别说明，否则在本申请中，使用“一”(“a”或“an”)是指“至少一”。例如，“一”芳族单酸、“一”多酸、“一”多元醇、“一”脂族多酸等是指一种或多种任意的这些条目。
如本文中使用的，过渡术语“包含”(以及其它相当的术语，例如“含有”和“包括”)是开放式的，并且用于形容组合物、方法、及其中各组分对于本发明来说是必要的，但仍然开放地涵盖未指明的物质。术语“基本由…组成”是指对于给定实施方案来说必须的组分并且允许不会实质上影响该实施方案的性质或功能特性的组分存在。术语“由…组成”是指组合物和方法排除没有在该实施方案的描述中引述的任何其它组分。
由本发明的胺组分制备的涂料组合物包含胺组分，该胺组分包括与CO2络合的在环境条件下是液体的多胺。如本文中使用的，“环境条件”是指室内的温度和湿度条件或在涂料组合物施涂到基材的地方典型地存在的温度和湿度条件。当与交联剂反应时，液体涂料组合物由反应混合物制备，从而整个体系保持为液体直至固化。在一种实施方案中，该多胺包括位阻多胺，其可为脂族、环脂族或芳族多胺。该胺组分可包括除了该位阻多胺外另外的胺，该另外的胺为脂族、环脂族和/或芳族单胺。为了形成涂料组合物，交联剂包括至少两个与所述胺有反应性的官能团。合适的官能团包括异氰酸酯，噁烷，酸酐，醛，酮，β-二酮，β-酮酸酯，丙二酸酯，丙烯酸酯和/或富马酸酯组分，并且这些基团可是脂族、环脂族和/或芳族物质具有的。例如，为了制备聚脲，交联剂包括多官能异氰酸酯，并且其可进一步包括单官能异氰酸酯，噁烷，酸酐，醛，酮，β-二酮，β-酮酸酯，丙二酸酯，丙烯酸酯和/或富马酸酯。能够领会的是，本发明描述了某些其中胺用于制备聚脲的实施方案，然而这并不意味着进行限制，因为本发明可用于包含反应性胺的其它涂料组合物。
据信，位阻胺至少部分地抵抗与CO2结合，从而与CO2络合的位阻胺不形成盐并且在环境条件下保持为液体，使得胺-CO2络合物比固体胺盐络合物更方便处置。胺-CO2络合物是液体并且在室温下是稳定的，从而胺-CO2络合物可在环境条件下长时间储存。此外，本发明的包含交联剂和胺-CO2络合物的反应混合物与含有相同交联剂和不与CO2络合的相同胺的反应混合物相比，表现出较长的适用期。
在使用中，处置反应混合物(与CO2络合的多胺和交联剂)从而使CO2在环境条件下或在升高的温度下例如至多80℃与多胺解离。还可包含催化剂或加速剂，例如无机酸，从而加速CO2与多胺的解离。例如，CO2可与多胺在环境条件下喷涂或雾化所述涂料组合物时解离。例如，当将包含胺组分(该胺组分包含液体与CO2络合的多胺)和交联剂(其中该交联剂包含与胺有反应性的官能团)的液体反应混合物喷涂到基材例如金属或非金属基材上时，CO2与该多胺解离，从而该多胺与该交联剂反应，并且涂料组合物形成在该基材上。
已经发现，该CO2–胺络合物在环境条件下保持为液体并且与具有相同胺但没有与CO2络合的反应混合物相比可以提高反应混合物的适用期。
提供以下实施例以展现本发明的总体原理。本发明不应限制为给出的具体实施例。实施例中的所有份数和百分比都按重量计，除非另有说明。
实施例
实施例1:制备CO2-胺络合物树脂
CO2-胺络合物树脂是通过将200.0克NH 1420加入配有搅拌器的250mL玻璃锥形烧瓶制备的。然后在环境条件下和环境气氛下使CO2以1.0标准立方英尺每小时(SCFH)的速率鼓泡通过搅拌的胺树脂五天。反应混合物在5天的期间内保持为清澈无色的液体，并且与NH 1420胺树脂相比没有粘度的明显变化。然后将反应混合物倒入玻璃罐并置于环境温度的超声波浴中30分钟(Fisher Scientific FS30H)以除去溶于反应混合物中任何过量的CO2气体。
实施例2:涂料组合物
聚脲涂料组合物采用表1的组分按如下制备。
表1:2K聚脲染色的罩面漆制备
1胺官能树脂，可购自Bayer Material Science。
2甲基正戊基酮，可购自Eastman Chemical Co。
3光稳定剂，可购自Ciba Specialty Chemicals。
4光稳定剂，可购自Ciba Specialty Chemicals。
5润湿和分散添加剂，可购自BYK。
6疏水性气相法二氧化硅，可购自Evonik Industries。
7流动和均质添加剂，可购自BYK。
8氧化铁水合物(颜料)，可购自Rockwood。
9二氧化钛(颜料)，可购自Crystal Global。
10氧化铁(颜料)，可购自Rockwood。
11黑色颜料，可购自Cabot Corporation。
12PPG制备的多异氰酸酯交联剂。
将9.8克Eastman MAK和全部292，1130，2155，1050A，595，KROMARO3097，和1300一起加入适当尺寸的容器中并在高剪切力下分散，直到获得低于10μm的粒度，该粒度是依据ASTMD1210通过Hegman“细度计”测定的。对于组合物A，将NH 1420，其余的溶剂(8.6g MAK和丙酮)，BYK-333和R-812加入并在中等到低剪切条件下搅拌，直到成分掺混良好并观察到均匀的混合物。对于组合物B，将实施例1的CO2-胺络合物加入，将其余的溶剂(8.6g MAK和丙酮)，BYK-333和R-812加入并在中等到低剪切条件下搅拌，直到成分掺混良好并观察到均匀的混合物。然后将组合物B置于环境温度的超声波浴中10分钟以从液体涂料消除任何剩余的CO2气体。然后将多异氰酸酯交联剂(HR-86-9357)加入组合物A和B中。使用Brookfield CAP 2000高剪切粘度剂(#1转子，75RPM)对组合物A和B在刚好与交联剂混合后以及在一小时时段内间隔15分钟定期测量粘度，如表2中所记录的。
表2:混合的涂料在一小时内的粘度变化
如表2中可以看出，采用实施例1的CO2-胺络合物树脂的涂料(涂料B)在每个15分钟间隔，与采用NH 1420胺树脂的比较涂料A相比，表现出较低的粘度。60分钟后涂料B表现出比涂料A低23.5％的粘度。
刚好与异氰酸酯交联剂混合后，将涂料A和B在环境温度和湿度条件下用GracoAirPro相容喷枪喷涂到Bondrite B-1000离子-磷酸盐(用去离子水漂洗)处理的冷轧钢基材上的未固化的溶剂型2K聚氨酯底漆上。涂料在环境温度和湿度下的干燥时间通过以下方式测量：用戴手套的手指按压涂料(以5分钟的间隔施加轻的力)，直到压痕不再能传导到涂料，这时视涂料干燥。在环境温度和环境湿度下固化另外24小时候，将两种涂料依照ASTM D5402经历MEK双刮擦测试，从而确定固化程度。如表3中记录的，涂料在24小时候显示出相等的干燥时间和类似的固化响应。
表3:固化膜的干燥时间和耐溶剂性比较
| 涂料 | 干燥时间 | MEK光刮擦测试 |
| A(比较) | 40min | >100光刮擦 |
| B | 40min | >100光刮擦 |
虽然本发明已参考其特定实施方案的具体细节进行了描述，但不意图将这些细节视为对本发明的范围的限制，除非这些范围包括于所附权利要求中。
Claims (17)
1.液体涂料组合物，其包含：
反应混合物，其由以下组成：(a)由与CO2络合的多胺组成的在环境条件下是液体的胺组分和(b)交联剂，
所述多胺包括位阻多胺，并且与CO2络合的位阻多胺不形成盐，
所述交联剂包含至少两个与胺有反应性的官能团。
2.权利要求1所述的液体涂料组合物，其中所述位阻多胺包括脂族、环脂族或芳族多胺。
3.权利要求1所述的液体涂料组合物，其中所述官能团包括异氰酸酯，噁烷，酸酐，醛，酮，β-酮酸酯，丙二酸酯，丙烯酸酯，和/或富马酸酯。
4.权利要求3所述的液体涂料组合物，其中所述酮为β-二酮。
5.权利要求1所述的液体涂料组合物，其中所述官能团包括异氰酸酯，从而所述涂料组合物包含聚脲。
6.权利要求1所述的液体涂料组合物，所述交联剂包括多官能异氰酸酯，并且进一步包含单官能异氰酸酯，噁烷，酸酐，醛，酮，β-酮酸酯，丙二酸酯，丙烯酸酯，和/或富马酸酯。
7.权利要求6所述的液体涂料组合物，其中所述酮为β-二酮。
8.权利要求3所述的液体涂料组合物，其中所述交联剂包括脂族，环脂族，和/或芳族交联剂。
9.权利要求1所述的液体涂料组合物，其中所述CO2在环境条件下与所述多胺解离。
10.权利要求1所述的液体涂料组合物，其中所述CO2在升高的温度下与所述多胺解离。
11.权利要求1所述的液体涂料组合物，其中所述CO2借助于催化剂或加速剂与所述多胺解离。
12.权利要求1所述的液体涂料组合物，其中所述CO2在环境条件下喷涂或雾化所述涂料组合物时与所述多胺解离。
13.制备液体涂料组合物的方法，包括将液体涂料组合物施涂到基材上，所述液体涂料组合物包含：
反应混合物，其由以下组成：(a)由与CO2络合的多胺组成的在环境条件下是液体的胺组分和(b)交联剂，其中所述多胺包括位阻多胺并且与CO2络合的位阻多胺不形成盐，所述交联剂包含至少两个与胺有反应性的官能团，
其中该多胺与CO2解离并与该交联剂反应。
14.权利要求13所述的方法，其中将反应混合物喷涂到该基材上。
15.权利要求14所述的方法，其中该基材包括金属或非金属基材。
16.经涂覆的基材，其包含基材和施涂到至少一部分该基材上的权利要求1所述的液体涂料组合物。
17.权利要求16所述的经涂覆的基材，其中该液体涂料组合物是喷涂到该基材上的。
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| WO2015094840A2 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
| CN105934486A (zh) | 2016-09-07 |
| RU2649358C1 (ru) | 2018-04-05 |
| AU2014366482A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
| SG11201604883XA (en) | 2016-07-28 |
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| CA2934059A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
| MX2016007793A (es) | 2016-11-28 |
| US20150166826A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
| KR102143288B1 (ko) | 2020-08-10 |
| RU2016128992A (ru) | 2018-01-23 |
| HK1223117A1 (zh) | 2017-07-21 |
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| KR20160097360A (ko) | 2016-08-17 |
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