CN105900561B - A kind of method of extra large people seeds sprouting and nursery - Google Patents
A kind of method of extra large people seeds sprouting and nursery Download PDFInfo
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- CN105900561B CN105900561B CN201610289252.XA CN201610289252A CN105900561B CN 105900561 B CN105900561 B CN 105900561B CN 201610289252 A CN201610289252 A CN 201610289252A CN 105900561 B CN105900561 B CN 105900561B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of the extra large sprouting of people seeds and nursery.Hai Renshu (Suriana maritima L.) seed of fresh mature is gathered, dry ventilation is placed in and carries out Aging storage, obtain the seed of Aging storage；Seed to be sprouted is soaked in 60 DEG C of hot water 12 hours, taking-up, which is placed in the aqueous sulfuric acid of mass fraction 95~98%, soaks 20~60 minutes, further take out and be placed in the gibberellin aqueous solution of mass fraction 0.1% 48~72 hours, obtain the seed pre-processed, then the seed pre-processed is seeded in the culture matrix sterilized, it is 25~32 DEG C to control Germination Temperature, waters or spraying and moisturizing, one layer of sunshade net is additionally provided with above culture matrix.The present invention improves extra large people tree seeding ratio; solve the problems, such as extra large people's tree seed seedling-raising during South China Sea ocean islands ecological reconstruction; growing nursery and culture can be carried out by seed propagation, reach extra large people tree scale breeding to provide the purpose of extra large people sapling wood for market.
Description
Technical field：
The invention belongs to technical field of plant propagation, and in particular to beans mesh Surianaceae people from sea seeds is sprouted and nursery
Method.
Background technology：
Hai Renshu (Suriana maritima L.) is the extra large people Pterostyrax of beans mesh Surianaceae (Surianaceae)
(Suriana L.) evergreen shrubs.Surianaceae, containing 58 kinds of category, is arbor or shrub, is distributed mainly on Australia and the Pacific Ocean
Tropical ocean islands, China has extra large people tree a kind of, is detected in the Xisha Islands and TaiWan, China, is tropical ocean islands special habitats
Indicator species and constructive species；On the ocean islands and reefs or shoal newly formed due to reasons such as modern age typhoons at some, Hai Renshu is usual
It is also the exploiting species in these young island natural vegetation evolution processes.Hai Renshu is 1-3 meters high shrub or dungarunga, the plant
Thing root system is deep, sprig is flexible, leaflet is very thin, to tropical ocean islands high salt, arid, the special habitats of few soil and tropical storm
Weather has very strong adaptability；Extra large people tree sprig is intensive simultaneously, and single leaf is soft and graceful, pattern true yellow, the usual consor of most list leaves
In small lopwood top；In the opening of some shoals, adult plants tree crown is open and flat, forms pure and fresh excellent in tropical ocean islands bank
Refined tropical ocean vegetation landscape.Hai Renshu is not only a member rare and unique in China's plant resources treasure-house, and is beautiful
Change China's Reef in Chinese South Sea and carry out the first-selected instrument species that tropical ocean islands natural ecosystems are rebuild and recovered, can also make
For the coastal and unique and beautiful ocean islands gardens gardening plant in China torrid zone.
However, China Xisha Islands Hai Renshu natural resources is extremely limited, and artificial propagation is also very difficult.In routine
Under the conditions of, germination rate is less than 5% in extra large people seeds after planting 1 month, and is not yet related to extra large people tree seminal propagation skill at present
The report of art, so that people are difficult to acquisition and are largely used to China's Reef in Chinese South Sea ecosystem rehancement and grow directly from seeds necessary to recovering
Seedling.Therefore, we have collected extra large people seeds in part at the beginning of 2015 from the Xisha Islands, the seed carried out 1 year by a definite date is sprouted
And breeding experiment, a kind of extra large people tree seminal propagation and nursery new technology have been invented first.
The content of the invention：
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of convenient material drawing, technology are simple, easy to spread, extra large people seeds can be effectively improved
The method of the sprouting of extra large people seeds and nursery of sub- germination rate.
Extra large people's tree plant seed has the general character of many tropical plants seeds, i.e., just enter dormancy after seed maturity quickly,
Seed germination rate is extremely low under normal condition or even can not sprout.The present invention improves extra large people seeds by breaking seed dormancy
Emergence rate, reach amount reproduction nursery and artificial cultivation and ecological recovery carried out under South China Sea islands and reefs special habitats, with
And Hai Renshu seed propagation seedling technology is provided for China's tropical coastal areas nursery stock markets.
The method of the sprouting of extra large people seeds and nursery of the present invention, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Hai Renshu (Suriana maritima L.) seed of fresh mature is gathered, dry ventilation is placed in and carries out after-ripening
Processing, obtains the seed of Aging storage；
Seed to be sprouted is soaked in hot water treatment, taking-up, which is placed in concentrated sulfuric acid solution, soaks, further take out be placed in it is red mould
Soaked in plain solution, obtain the seed pre-processed, be then seeded in the seed pre-processed in the culture matrix sterilized,
It is 25~32 DEG C to control Germination Temperature, waters or spraying and moisturizing, one layer of sunshade net is additionally provided with above culture matrix；
Described seed to be sprouted is the seed of Aging storage or the seed of Aging storage under lucifuge drying condition
Preserve stand-by seed.
It is preferred that, comprise the following steps that：
Hai Renshu (Suriana maritima L.) seed of fresh mature is gathered, dry ventilation is placed in and carries out after-ripening
Processing, obtains the seed of Aging storage；
Seed to be sprouted is soaked in 60 DEG C of hot water 12 hours, the sulfuric acid water for being placed in mass fraction 95~98% is taken out
Soaked 20~60 minutes in solution, further take out and be placed in the gibberellin aqueous solution of mass fraction 0.1% 48~72 hours, obtain pre- place
The seed pre-processed, is then seeded in the culture matrix sterilized by the seed managed, and it is 25~32 to control Germination Temperature
DEG C, water or spraying and moisturizing, one layer of sunshade net is additionally provided with above culture matrix；
Described seed to be sprouted is the seed of Aging storage or the seed of Aging storage under lucifuge drying condition
Preserve stand-by seed；
Described culture matrix is coral sand：Peat soil：Perlite：Haydite：Birds droppings soil：Plant ash is 4 in mass ratio：2：
1：1：1：1 mixture.
Described Aging storage is preferably to be placed in dry ventilation 4~5 days.
Preserved under described lucifuge drying condition and preferably avoid preserving under illumination condition at room temperature, appropriate change can be added
Color silica gel is as drier, and unsuitable cryogenic freezing is preserved.
It is preferred that, described seed to be sprouted is first passed through in advance disinfects, further using the Gao Meng of mass fraction 0.2%
Sour aqueous solutions of potassium immersion seed 15min carries out disinfection processing, prevents Some seeds from going mouldy.
Described culture matrix is preferably first passed through in advance disinfects, and preferred culture medium matter uses preceding every 10 kilograms of culture matrixes
Uniform 250 milliliters of formlinata aquae concentratac for sprinkling mass fraction 0.8%, is then sealed, and placement breaks a seal two days later, to complete training
Support disinfecting for matrix.
The culture matrix of the present invention prepares the coral sand environment for fully taking into account Hai Renshu suitable for the few soil of high salt, therefore sets it
Composition and mass ratio are：Coral sand：Peat soil：Perlite：Haydite：Birds droppings soil：Plant ash=4:2:1:1:1:1.
Described sunshade net is the sunshade net that shading rate is 70%, is covered in above culture matrix at 1.8~2 meters.
It is preferred that, in seed sprouting and seedling raising process, suitably using a small amount of organic fertilizer, be conducive to the growth of plant.
It is preferred that, it is after seedling tends towards stability, to partially open shading net or use the screening that shading rate is 90% instead in plant strain growth
Light net is conducive to plant to receive more sunlight to increase illumination.
After Hai Renshu seed maturities, seed experienced the physiological acoustic signals of a series of complex, and such as moisture is dry in seed
Drastically reduced during dry, the activity of various enzymes is significantly reduced, respiration weakens, and plasm colloid is in solidifying de- shape
State, seed enters resting state；In addition, the height that extra large people's seeds shows as propagating seawater seed approach is adapted to, i.e., it is outer to plant
Skin is very hard, and the intracutaneous embryo of kind and endosperm are smaller, and hollow chamber is formed so that seawater is floated so as to propagate in Interior Seed
Seed；On the one hand this feature is beneficial to extra large people's tree plant and adapts to special tropical island environment, on the other hand, has also had a strong impact on sea
Bud is broken in the sprouting of people seeds, therefore, and extra large people seeds can hardly be sprouted during from conventional seed planting method, thus need to utilize
Special processing method breaks seed dormancy.After 60 DEG C of hot water and the immersion of the sulfuric acid solution of volume fraction 95% -98%, hold
Easily the hard kind skin of the extra large people tree of softening and breaking dormancy, extra large people seeds are further enhancing using Gibberellins solution immersion treatment
The growth of the vigor and Root apical meristem and shoot apical meristem of son.Culture matrix is sprayed with formalin solution, can be risen
To the effect of culture matrix sterilizing, reduce due to asking of can not sprouting of extra large people seeds caused by the influence of external cause germ
Topic.It is foregoing break seed dormancy and configure suitable culture matrix on the basis of, the emergence rate of extra large people seeds is up to 95%
More than.
The present invention is on the basis of the sub- physiological property of extra large people seeds is understood, by substantial amounts of experiment, to explore different temperatures, water
Point, illumination and the immersion of different water temperature, the liquor potassic permanganate of various concentrations gradient and soak time, sulfuric acid solution and red mould
Plain solution processing methods break seed dormancy and improve the method for optimizing of seed vitality.The present invention improves extra large people seeds and gone out
Seedling rate, solves the problems, such as extra large people's tree seed seedling-raising during South China Sea ocean islands ecological reconstruction, can pass through sowing
Growing nursery and culture is carried out in breeding, reaches extra large people tree scale breeding to provide the purpose of extra large people sapling wood for market.
The present invention obtains the special problem (XDA13020500) of Chinese Academy of Sciences guide, technological basis special project
(2013FY111200), state natural sciences fund (31270248,31070176,31270266) and Guangdong Department of Forestry of Shanxi Province
(20150302) support.
Embodiment：
Following examples are that the present invention is further illustrated, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1：
Gather extra large people seeds of fresh mature mid-March, ventilation 4 days (after-ripening) is dried in cool place.By the kind of after-ripening
Son is soaked in 60 DEG C of hot water 12 hours, and taking-up is then soaked in the aqueous sulfuric acid of mass fraction 95% 50 points at room temperature
Clock, breaks the dormancy of seed to promote seed to sprout, and takes out then at room temperature with the water-soluble immersion of the gibberellin of mass fraction 0.1%
Bubble processing 72 hours, further breaks seed dormancy and improves seed vitality.Culture matrix uses preceding every 10 kilograms of culture matrixes
Uniform 250 milliliters of formlinata aquae concentratac for sprinkling mass fraction 0.8%, is then sealed, and breaks a seal to complete culture after placing 2 days
Matrix is disinfected；Seed after foregoing gibberellin aqueous solution soaking is sowed in culture matrix, above culture matrix at 1.8 meters
The shading net that one layer of shading rate of covering is 70%, is watered or spraying and moisturizing daily, and the Germination Temperature for controlling seed is 30 DEG C.
Described culture matrix, its composition and mass ratio are：Coral sand：Peat soil：Perlite：Haydite：Birds droppings soil：Plant ash=4:2:
1:1:1:1, obtain culture matrix after above-mentioned composition is well mixed.Hai Renshu is tropical plants, and coral sand is derived from the Xisha Islands.
Start budding after 10 days, emergence rate (germination rate) is up to 95% after 2 months.Basically reach the original of large-scale planting production
Material needs.In seed sprouting and seedling raising process, suitably using a small amount of organic fertilizer, after plant strain growth is good, it can partially open
Shade net, photosynthesis is preferably carried out beneficial to plant.
Embodiment 2：
The extra large people seeds for gathering fresh mature mid-March are sub, after-ripening 5 days at shady and cool ventilation, then lucifuge kept dry
Stand-by, kept dry is to add the drier such as appropriate discoloration silica gel.Second Year takes out the seed preserved for 2 months and carries out nursery, plants
Son first soaks seed 15 minutes before sprouting with the potassium permanganate solution of mass fraction 0.2%, and carry out disinfection processing, then will disappear
The seed of poison processing is soaked in 60 DEG C of hot water 12 hours, is then taken out seed and is soaked in the sulfuric acid water of mass fraction 98% at room temperature
Solution 50 minutes, breaks the dormancy of seed to promote seed to sprout；Further take out seed and use mass fraction 0.1% at room temperature
The gibberellin aqueous solution is handled 72 hours, is further broken seed dormancy and is improved seed vitality.Culture matrix is public using preceding every 10
Jin culture matrix uniformly sprinkles 250 milliliters of the formlinata aquae concentratac of mass fraction 0.8%, then seals, and is broken a seal after placing 2 days
Disinfected with completing culture matrix.Seed after gibberellin aqueous solution soaking is sowed in culture matrix, 2 above culture matrix
The shading net that one layer of shading rate of covering is 70% at rice, is watered or spraying and moisturizing, the Germination Temperature for controlling seed is daily
30℃.Described culture matrix, its composition and mass ratio are：Coral sand：Peat soil：Perlite：Haydite：Birds droppings soil：Plant ash
=4:2:1:1:1:1, obtain culture matrix after above-mentioned composition is well mixed according to its mass ratio.
Start budding after 10 days, emergence rate (germination rate) is up to 90% after 2 months.Reaching the raw material of large-scale planting production needs
Will.In seed sprouting and seedling raising process, suitably using a small amount of organic fertilizer, after plant strain growth is good, it can partially open and shelter from heat or light
Net, more illumination are received beneficial to plant.
Embodiment 3：
Gather extra large people seeds of fresh mature mid-March, ventilation 4 days (after-ripening) is dried in cool place.By the kind of after-ripening
Son is soaked in 60 DEG C of hot water 12 hours, and taking-up is then soaked in the aqueous sulfuric acid of mass fraction 95% 20 points at room temperature
Clock, breaks the dormancy of seed to promote seed to sprout, and takes out then at room temperature with the water-soluble immersion of the gibberellin of mass fraction 0.1%
Bubble processing 48 hours, further breaks seed dormancy and improves seed vitality.Culture matrix uses preceding every 10 kilograms of culture matrixes
Uniform 250 milliliters of formlinata aquae concentratac for sprinkling mass fraction 0.8%, is then sealed, and breaks a seal to complete culture after placing 2 days
Matrix is disinfected；Seed after foregoing gibberellin aqueous solution soaking is sowed in culture matrix, above culture matrix at 1.8 meters
The shading net that one layer of shading rate of covering is 70%, is watered or spraying and moisturizing daily, and the Germination Temperature for controlling seed is 32 DEG C.
Described culture matrix, its composition and mass ratio are：Coral sand：Peat soil：Perlite：Haydite：Birds droppings soil：Plant ash=4:2:
1:1:1:1, obtain culture matrix after above-mentioned composition is well mixed.Hai Renshu is tropical plants, and coral sand is derived from Xisha group
Island.
Start budding after 10 days, emergence rate (germination rate) is up to more than 95% after 2 months.Basically reach large-scale planting production
Raw material need.,, can part after plant strain growth is good suitably using a small amount of organic fertilizer in seed sprouting and seedling raising process
Shade net is opened, photosynthesis is preferably carried out beneficial to plant.
Embodiment 4：
Gather extra large people seeds of fresh mature mid-March, ventilation 4 days (after-ripening) is dried in cool place.By the kind of after-ripening
Son is soaked in 60 DEG C of hot water 12 hours, and taking-up is then soaked in the aqueous sulfuric acid of mass fraction 95% 60 points at room temperature
Clock, breaks the dormancy of seed to promote seed to sprout, and takes out then at room temperature with the water-soluble immersion of the gibberellin of mass fraction 0.1%
Bubble processing 60 hours, further breaks seed dormancy and improves seed vitality.Culture matrix uses preceding every 10 kilograms of culture matrixes
Uniform 250 milliliters of formlinata aquae concentratac for sprinkling mass fraction 0.8%, is then sealed, and breaks a seal to complete culture after placing 2 days
Matrix is disinfected；Seed after foregoing gibberellin aqueous solution soaking is sowed in culture matrix, above culture matrix at 1.8 meters
The shading net that one layer of shading rate of covering is 70%, is watered or spraying and moisturizing daily, and the Germination Temperature for controlling seed is 25 DEG C.
Described culture matrix, its composition and mass ratio are：Coral sand：Peat soil：Perlite：Haydite：Birds droppings soil：Plant ash=4:2:
1:1:1:1, obtain culture matrix after above-mentioned composition is well mixed.Hai Renshu is tropical plants, and coral sand is derived from the Xisha Islands.
Start budding after 10 days, emergence rate (germination rate) is up to more than 95% after 2 months.Basically reach large-scale planting production
Raw material need.,, can part after plant strain growth is good suitably using a small amount of organic fertilizer in seed sprouting and seedling raising process
Shade net is opened, photosynthesis is preferably carried out beneficial to plant.
By above example as can be seen that using 60 DEG C of hot water, the aqueous sulfuric acid of mass fraction 95% -98% and
The germination rate of extra large people seeds is greatly improved after the gibberellin aqueous solution soaking processing of mass fraction 0.1% no matter
It is extra large people seeds of fresh collection, or gathers the seed of 1 year or so, preferable emergence rate can be obtained using the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of extra large people seeds sprouting and the method for nursery, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Hai Renshu (Suriana maritima L.) seed of fresh mature is gathered, is placed in after the progress in 4~5 days of dry ventilation
Ripe processing, obtains the seed of Aging storage；
Seed to be sprouted is soaked in 60 DEG C of hot water 12 hours, the aqueous sulfuric acid for being placed in mass fraction 95~98% is taken out
Middle immersion 20~60 minutes, further takes out and is placed in the gibberellin aqueous solution of mass fraction 0.1% 48~72 hours, obtain pre-processing
Seed, then the seed pre-processed is seeded in the culture matrix sterilized, control Germination Temperature be 25~32 DEG C, pour
Water or spraying and moisturizing, are additionally provided with one layer of sunshade net above culture matrix；
Described seed to be sprouted is the seed of Aging storage or the seed of Aging storage in preservation under lucifuge drying condition
Stand-by seed；
Described culture matrix is coral sand：Peat soil：Perlite：Haydite：Birds droppings soil：Plant ash is 4 in mass ratio：2：1：1：
1：1 mixture.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described seed to be sprouted is first passed through in advance disinfects,
Specifically carried out disinfection processing using the potassium permanganate solution immersion seed 15min of mass fraction 0.2%.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described culture matrix is that pre- first pass through is disinfected, have
Body is the milli of formlinata aquae concentratac 250 that culture matrix uniformly sprinkles mass fraction 0.8% using preceding every 10 kilograms of culture matrixes
Rise, then seal, placement breaks a seal two days later, to complete disinfecting for culture matrix.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described sunshade net is the sunshade net that shading rate is 70%,
It is covered in above culture matrix at 1.8~2 meters.
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