CN105900561A - Method for germinating seeds of suriana maritima L. and growing seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for germination and seedling cultivation of sea renownia seeds. Collect fresh and mature Suriana maritima L. seeds, place them in a dry and ventilated place for post-ripening treatment, and obtain post-ripening seeds; soak the seeds to be germinated in hot water at 60°C for 12 hours, take them out and place them in Soak in sulfuric acid aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 95-98% for 20-60 minutes, then take it out and place it in an aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 0.1% gibberellin for 48-72 hours to obtain pretreated seeds, and then sow the pretreated seeds in In the sterilized culture medium, the germination temperature is controlled at 25-32°C, watered or sprayed to keep it moist, and a layer of sunshade net is placed above the culture medium. The present invention improves the seedling emergence rate of kelp tree, solves the problem of seedling cultivation of kelp tree in the process of ecological reconstruction of ocean islands in the South China Sea, enables it to carry out seedling cultivation through sowing and propagation, and achieves large-scale seedling cultivation of kelp tree to provide the market with kelp tree The purpose of sapling wood.

Description

A kind of method for seed germination and seedling raising of sea mania

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant propagation, and in particular relates to a method for seed germination and seedling cultivation of thalassemia japonica.

Background technique:

Suriana maritima L. is an evergreen shrub belonging to the genus Suriana maritima of the family Surianaceae. There are 5 genera and 8 species in the family Seamaniaceae, which are trees or shrubs, and are mainly distributed in Australia and the tropical oceanic islands of the Pacific Ocean. In China, there is a species of seamania, which is only found in the Xisha Islands and Taiwan, China, and is an indicator species for the special habitat of tropical oceanic islands. and construction species; on some newly formed oceanic islands or sandbars due to modern typhoons and other reasons, sea mania is usually the pioneer species in the natural vegetation evolution process of these young islands. Sea man tree is a shrub or small tree with a height of 1-3 meters. The plant has deep roots, flexible branchlets, and slender leaflets. It has strong adaptability to the special habitats of high salinity, drought, and little soil in tropical ocean islands and tropical storm climates; At the same time, the twigs are dense, the single leaves are soft and pure yellow, and most of the single leaves are usually gathered on the tops of the twigs; in the open areas of some sandbars, the crowns of adult plants are flat, forming fresh and elegant tropical marine vegetation along the coast of tropical ocean islands landscape. Sea man tree is not only a rare and unique member of our country's treasure house of plant resources, but also a tool species of choice for beautifying islands and reefs in the South my country Sea and rebuilding and restoring the natural ecosystem of tropical marine islands. And beautiful garden gardening plants.

However, the natural resources of sea mania in my country's Xisha Islands are very limited, and artificial propagation is also very difficult. Under normal conditions, the germination rate of sea chinensis seeds is less than 5% within one month after sowing, and there is no report on the propagation technology of sea chinensis seeds, so it is difficult for people to obtain a large amount of them for the reconstruction of the ecosystem of islands and reefs in the South my country Sea. and seedlings necessary for recovery. To this end, we collected some sea renownia seeds from the Paracel Islands in early 2015, conducted a one-year experiment on seed germination and seedling cultivation, and invented a new technology for sea renownia seed propagation and seedling cultivation for the first time.

Invention content:

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for seed germination and seedling raising of sea chinensis which is convenient to obtain materials, simple in technology, easy to popularize, and capable of effectively improving the germination rate of sea chinensis seeds.

The seeds of the sea renown plant have the commonality of many tropical plant seeds, that is, the seeds go dormant soon after maturity, and the germination rate of the seeds is extremely low or even impossible to germinate under normal conditions. The present invention improves the seedling emergence rate of the japonicus seeds by breaking the dormancy of the seeds, achieves mass breeding of seedlings, artificial cultivation and ecological restoration in the special habitat of islands and reefs in the South China Sea, and provides the benefits of japonicus japonicus for the nursery stock market in tropical coastal areas of our country. Seed propagation technology.

The method for the germination and seedling raising of sea renownia seeds of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

Gather fresh and mature Suriana maritima (Suriana maritima L.) seeds, place them in a dry and ventilated place for post-ripening treatment, and obtain post-ripening treated seeds;

Soak the seeds to be germinated in hot water, take them out and soak them in concentrated sulfuric acid solution, then take them out and soak them in gibberellin solution to get pretreated seeds, and then sow the pretreated seeds on the sterilized In the culture medium, the germination temperature is controlled at 25-32°C, watered or sprayed to keep it moist, and a layer of sunshade net is placed above the culture medium;

The seeds to be germinated are post-ripening seeds or post-ripening seeds that are stored under dark and dry conditions for use.

Preferably, the specific steps are as follows:

Gather fresh and mature Suriana maritima (Suriana maritima L.) seeds, place them in a dry and ventilated place for post-ripening treatment, and obtain post-ripening treated seeds;

Soak the seeds to be germinated in hot water at 60°C for 12 hours, take them out and soak them in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid with a mass fraction of 95-98% for 20-60 minutes, then take them out and place them in an aqueous solution of 0.1% gibberellin for 48-72 hours, get the pretreated seeds, and then sow the pretreated seeds in the sterilized culture medium, control the germination temperature at 25-32°C, water or spray to keep it moist, and set a layer of sunshade net above the culture medium ;

The seeds to be germinated are post-ripening treated seeds or post-ripening treated seeds stored under dark and dry conditions for use;

The culture substrate is a mixture of coral sand: peat soil: perlite: ceramsite: guano soil: plant ash in a mass ratio of 4:2:1:1:1:1.

The post-ripening treatment is preferably placed in a dry and ventilated place for 4-5 days.

The storage under the condition of avoiding light and drying is preferably at room temperature and avoiding the condition of light. An appropriate amount of color-changing silica gel can be added as a desiccant, and it is not suitable for low-temperature storage.

Preferably, the seeds to be germinated are disinfected in advance, and the seeds are further soaked in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution for disinfection for 15 minutes to prevent mildew of some seeds.

The culture substrate is preferably pre-sterilized. Before the use of the culture substrate, 250 milliliters of formalin aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 0.8% is evenly sprinkled on every 10 kilograms of the culture substrate, then sealed, and unpacked after two days to complete the cultivation of the culture substrate. Disinfection treatment.

The preparation of the culture substrate of the present invention fully considers that sea mania is suitable for the coral sand environment with high salt and little soil, so its composition and mass ratio are set as follows: coral sand: peat soil: perlite: ceramsite: guano soil: plant ash=4 :2:1:1:1:1.

The sunshade net is a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70%, covering 1.8 to 2 meters above the culture substrate.

Preferably, in the process of seed germination and seedling raising, a small amount of organic fertilizer is applied appropriately, which is beneficial to the growth of plants.

Preferably, after the plant grows into seedlings and tends to be stable, partially open the shading net or use a shading net with a shading rate of 90% to increase the light, which is beneficial for the plant to receive more sunlight.

After the sea renminbi seeds mature, the seeds undergo a series of complex physiological and biochemical changes, such as a sharp decrease in moisture during the seed drying process, a significant decrease in the activity of various enzymes, weakened respiration, and the protoplast colloid is in a gelled state, The seeds enter a dormant state; in addition, the seeds of the sea renown tree show a high degree of adaptation to sea water seed propagation, that is, the outer testa is very hard, the embryo and endosperm in the seed coat are smaller, and a hollow cavity is formed inside the seed to facilitate sea water floating Thereby spreading seeds; This feature is beneficial to sea chinensis plants to adapt to the special tropical island environment on the one hand, and on the other hand, has also seriously affected the germination and broken buds of sea chinensis seeds. germination, thus requiring special treatments to break seed dormancy. After soaking in hot water at 60°C and sulfuric acid solution with a volume fraction of 95%-98%, it is easy to soften the hard seed coat and break dormancy of the sea renownia, and the soaking treatment with gibberellin solution further enhances the vitality and root tip of the sea renownia seeds Growth of meristem and shoot apical meristem. Spraying the culture substrate with formalin solution can play a role in sterilization and disinfection of the culture substrate, and reduce the problem that sea renown seeds cannot germinate due to the influence of external pathogens. On the basis of breaking the dormancy of the seeds and configuring a suitable culture medium, the emergence rate of the sea renownia seeds can reach more than 95%.

The present invention explores potassium permanganate solutions, sulfuric acid solutions, and gibberella in different temperatures, water, light, and soaking in different water temperatures, different concentration gradients, and soaking times on the basis of understanding the physiological characteristics of sea chinensis seeds. The prime solution treatment method is the preferred method to break seed dormancy and improve seed vigor. The present invention improves the seedling emergence rate of kelp tree, solves the problem of seedling cultivation of kelp tree in the process of ecological reconstruction of ocean islands in the South China Sea, enables it to carry out seedling cultivation through sowing and propagation, and achieves large-scale seedling cultivation of kelp tree to provide the market with kelp tree The purpose of sapling wood.

The invention is supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Pilot Project (XDA13020500), Science and Technology Basic Project (2013FY111200), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270248, 31070176, 31270266) and Guangdong Forestry Department (20150302).

detailed description:

The following examples are to further illustrate the present invention, rather than limit the present invention.

Example 1:

In the middle of March, collect fresh and mature sea mania seeds, and store them in a cool, dry and ventilated place for 4 days (after ripening). Soak the post-ripe seeds in hot water at 60°C for 12 hours, take them out and soak them in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid with a mass fraction of 95% for 50 minutes at room temperature to break the dormancy of the seeds and promote seed germination, take them out and use a mass fraction of 0.1 % gibberellin aqueous solution soaking treatment for 72 hours, to further break seed dormancy and improve seed vigor. Sprinkle 250 milliliters of formalin aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 0.8% evenly on every 10 kilograms of culture substrate before use, then seal it, leave it open after 2 days to complete the disinfection treatment of culture substrate; soak the seeds after the aforementioned gibberellin aqueous solution In the culture substrate, a shading net with a shading rate of 70% is covered at 1.8 meters above the culture substrate, watered or sprayed to moisturize every day, and the germination temperature of the seeds is controlled to be 30°C. The composition and mass ratio of the culture substrate are: coral sand: peat soil: perlite: ceramsite: guano soil: plant ash=4:2:1:1:1:1, and the above ingredients are mixed evenly to obtain culture matrix. The sea man tree is a tropical plant, and the coral sand is taken from the Paracel Islands.

Germination began after 10 days, and the emergence rate (germination rate) reached 95% after 2 months. Basically meet the needs of raw materials for large-scale planting and production. In the process of seed germination and seedling raising, a small amount of organic fertilizer should be applied appropriately. After the plants grow well, the shade net can be partially opened, which is beneficial for the plants to perform better photosynthesis.

Example 2:

In mid-March, collect fresh and mature sea mania seeds, ripen them in a cool and ventilated place for 5 days, and then store them in a dry place away from light for later use. Dry storage is done by adding an appropriate amount of desiccant such as color-changing silica gel. In February of the second year, the preserved seeds were taken out for seedling cultivation. Before the seeds germinated, the seeds were soaked in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 15 minutes, and disinfected, and then the disinfected seeds were soaked in hot water at 60°C for 12 minutes. hours, then take out the seeds and soak them in 98% sulfuric acid aqueous solution at room temperature for 50 minutes to break the dormancy of the seeds and promote seed germination; then take out the seeds and treat them with 0.1% gibberellin aqueous solution at room temperature for 72 hours to further break the dormancy of the seeds And improve seed vigor. Before the culture substrate is used, 250 milliliters of formalin aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 0.8% is evenly sprinkled on every 10 kilograms of the culture substrate, then sealed, opened after 2 days to complete the disinfection of the culture substrate. The seeds soaked in the gibberellin aqueous solution are sown in the culture substrate, covered with a shading net with a shading rate of 70% at 2 meters above the culture substrate, watered or sprayed to keep the seeds moist every day, and the germination temperature of the seeds is controlled to be 30°C. Described culture substrate, its composition and mass ratio are: coral sand: peat soil: perlite: ceramsite: guano soil: plant ash=4:2:1:1:1:1, mix above-mentioned composition according to its mass ratio After homogenization, the culture substrate was obtained.

Germination began after 10 days, and the emergence rate (germination rate) reached 90% after 2 months. To meet the needs of raw materials for large-scale planting and production. In the process of seed germination and seedling raising, apply a small amount of organic fertilizer appropriately. After the plants grow well, you can partially open the shade net to help the plants receive more light.

Example 3:

In the middle of March, collect fresh and mature sea mania seeds, and store them in a cool, dry and ventilated place for 4 days (after ripening). Soak the after-ripe seeds in hot water at 60°C for 12 hours, take them out and soak them in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid with a mass fraction of 95% for 20 minutes at room temperature to break the dormancy of the seeds and promote seed germination, take them out and use a mass fraction of 0.1 % gibberellin aqueous solution soaking treatment for 48 hours, to further break seed dormancy and improve seed vigor. Sprinkle 250 milliliters of formalin aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 0.8% evenly on every 10 kilograms of culture substrate before use, then seal it, leave it open after 2 days to complete the disinfection treatment of culture substrate; soak the seeds after the aforementioned gibberellin aqueous solution In the culture substrate, a layer of shading net with a shading rate of 70% is covered at 1.8 meters above the culture substrate, watered or sprayed to moisturize every day, and the germination temperature of the seeds is controlled to be 32°C. The composition and mass ratio of the culture substrate are: coral sand: peat soil: perlite: ceramsite: guano soil: plant ash=4:2:1:1:1:1, and the above ingredients are mixed evenly to obtain culture matrix. The sea man tree is a tropical plant, and the coral sand is taken from the Paracel Islands.

Germination began after 10 days, and the emergence rate (germination rate) reached more than 95% after 2 months. Basically meet the needs of raw materials for large-scale planting and production. In the process of seed germination and seedling raising, a small amount of organic fertilizer should be applied appropriately. After the plants grow well, the shade net can be partially opened, which is beneficial for the plants to perform better photosynthesis.

Example 4:

In the middle of March, collect fresh and mature sea mania seeds, and store them in a cool, dry and ventilated place for 4 days (after ripening). Soak the post-ripe seeds in hot water at 60°C for 12 hours, take them out and soak them in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid with a mass fraction of 95% for 60 minutes at room temperature to break the dormancy of the seeds and promote seed germination, take them out and use a mass fraction of 0.1 % gibberellin aqueous solution soaking treatment for 60 hours, to further break seed dormancy and improve seed vigor. Sprinkle 250 milliliters of formalin aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 0.8% evenly on every 10 kilograms of culture substrate before use, then seal it, leave it open after 2 days to complete the disinfection treatment of culture substrate; soak the seeds after the aforementioned gibberellin aqueous solution In the culture medium, a layer of shading net with a shading rate of 70% is covered at 1.8 meters above the culture medium, watered or sprayed to moisturize every day, and the germination temperature of the seeds is controlled to be 25°C. The composition and mass ratio of the culture substrate are: coral sand: peat soil: perlite: ceramsite: guano soil: plant ash=4:2:1:1:1:1, and the above ingredients are mixed evenly to obtain culture matrix. The sea man tree is a tropical plant, and the coral sand is taken from the Paracel Islands.

Germination began after 10 days, and the emergence rate (germination rate) reached more than 95% after 2 months. Basically meet the needs of raw materials for large-scale planting and production. In the process of seed germination and seedling raising, a small amount of organic fertilizer should be applied appropriately. After the plants grow well, the shade net can be partially opened, which is beneficial for the plants to perform better photosynthesis.

It can be seen from the above examples that the germination rate of sea chinensis seeds has been greatly improved after soaking in 60°C hot water, 95%-98% sulfuric acid aqueous solution by mass fraction and 0.1% gibberellin aqueous solution by mass fraction. Whether it is freshly collected sea japonica seeds or seeds collected about 1 year ago, ideal emergence rate can be obtained by using the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a method for germination and seedling cultivation of sea renown tree, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: Gather fresh and mature Suriana maritima (Suriana maritima L.) seeds, place them in a dry and ventilated place for post-ripening treatment, and obtain post-ripening treated seeds; Soak the seeds to be germinated in hot water, take them out and soak them in concentrated sulfuric acid solution, then take them out and soak them in gibberellin solution to get pretreated seeds, and then sow the pretreated seeds on the sterilized In the culture medium, the germination temperature is controlled at 25-32°C, watered or sprayed to keep it moist, and a layer of sunshade net is placed above the culture medium; The seeds to be germinated are post-ripening seeds or post-ripening seeds that are stored under dark and dry conditions for use. 2. the method for germination and seedling raising of sea renown tree according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: Gather fresh and mature Suriana maritima (Suriana maritima L.) seeds, place them in a dry and ventilated place for post-ripening treatment, and obtain post-ripening treated seeds; Soak the seeds to be germinated in hot water at 60°C for 12 hours, take them out and soak them in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid with a mass fraction of 95-98% for 20-60 minutes, then take them out and place them in an aqueous solution of 0.1% gibberellin for 48-72 hours, get the pretreated seeds, and then sow the pretreated seeds in the sterilized culture medium, control the germination temperature at 25-32°C, water or spray to keep it moist, and set a layer of sunshade net above the culture medium ; The seeds to be germinated are post-ripening treated seeds or post-ripening treated seeds stored under dark and dry conditions for use; The culture substrate is a mixture of coral sand: peat soil: perlite: ceramsite: guano soil: plant ash in a mass ratio of 4:2:1:1:1:1. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, the post-ripening treatment is placed in a dry and ventilated place for 4-5 days. 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the seeds to be germinated are disinfected in advance, specifically soaking the seeds in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 15 minutes for disinfection. 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, the culture substrate is pre-sterilized, specifically before the culture substrate is used, every 10 kilograms of the culture substrate is evenly sprinkled with an aqueous solution of formalin with a mass fraction of 0.8% 250 ml, then sealed, and opened after two days to complete the disinfection of the culture medium. 6 . The method according to claim 2 , characterized in that, the sunshade net is a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70%, covering 1.8 to 2 meters above the culture substrate.