CN105873764A - 汽车用内装材料及其制造方法 - Google Patents
汽车用内装材料及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105873764A CN105873764A CN201480070198.9A CN201480070198A CN105873764A CN 105873764 A CN105873764 A CN 105873764A CN 201480070198 A CN201480070198 A CN 201480070198A CN 105873764 A CN105873764 A CN 105873764A
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- automotive trim
- alcohol
- interior automotive
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供一种薄壁且触感良好的汽车用内装材料,特别是仪表板。本发明是在树脂制表皮材料和基材之间将聚氨酯发泡层一体成型的聚氨酯一体发泡成型的汽车用内装材料,该汽车用内装材料的聚氨酯发泡层的厚度为2.5~6.0mm,聚氨酯发泡层是由多元醇混合物(P)和聚异氰酸酯成分(B)构成的混合液形成的发泡体,多元醇混合物(P)含有多元醇(组合物)(A)、含有水的发泡剂(C)和催化剂(D),发泡剂(C)的含量以(A)的合计重量为基准计为1.5~2.5重量%,树脂制表皮材料的厚度为0.6~1.0mm,表皮表面在10N的负载下位移0.40mm以上,在40N的负载下位移1.5~2.5mm。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车用内装材料及其制造方法,更详细而言,涉及在树脂制表皮材料和基材之间将聚氨酯发泡层一体成型的聚氨酯一体发泡成型的汽车用内装材料及其制造方法。
背景技术
以往,聚氨酯泡沫作为冲击吸收体具有非常优异的物性,且与氯乙烯、聚氨酯制的表皮的粘接性优异,因此被广泛用作仪表板的防震垫等汽车用内装材料。近年来,为了实现低油耗,汽车的轻量化需求提高,对仪表板也不例外。通常,仪表板在金属模具内安装表皮和聚丙烯制的基材,在其间注入聚氨酯泡沫的原液的手法是常见的,但是为了使聚氨酯泡沫的原液遍及至金属模具整体,需要某种程度的厚度。为了轻量化将厚度变薄(以下,记载为薄壁化)时,原液不会流至金属模具端部而导致填充不良,如果为了提高流动性而降低原液的粘度,则存在仪表板触感变硬之类的课题。
针对这些课题,例如,专利文献1提出了通过将硬度不同的聚氨酯泡沫设置为2层来改善触感的方法,专利文献2提出了预先在表皮喷吹发泡聚氨酯进行成型来改善触感的方法。
但是,专利文献1记载的方法存在虽然触感能够改善但是薄壁化的效果小,而且制造工序变得非常繁杂的问题。专利文献2记载的方法虽然能够实现触感改善和薄壁化,但是需要对表皮喷吹发泡聚氨酯的工序,存在制造工序变得繁杂的问题。
专利文献1:日本特开2002-240593号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2000-334843号公报
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种薄壁且触感良好的汽车用内装材料、特别是仪表板。
本发明人等为了实现上述目的进行了研究,最终实现本发明。
即,本发明是:一种汽车用内装材料,是在树脂制表皮材料和基材之间将聚氨酯发泡层一体成型的聚氨酯一体发泡成型的汽车用内装材料,聚氨酯发泡层的厚度为2.5~6.0mm,聚氨酯发泡层是由多元醇混合物(P)和聚异氰酸酯成分(B)构成的混合液形成的发泡体,上述多元醇混合物(P)含有多元醇(组合物)(A)、含有水的发泡剂(C)和催化剂(D),发泡剂(C)的含量以(A)的合计重量为基准计为1.5~2.5重量%,树脂制表皮材料的厚度为0.6~1.0mm,表皮表面在10N的负载下位移0.40mm以上,在40N的负载下位移1.5~2.5mm;以及,上述汽车用内装材料的制造方法,具有以下工序:将使由多元醇混合物(P)和聚异氰酸酯成分(B)构成的混合液在25℃的液温下发泡、固化时的乳白时间(cream time)调整为3~5秒的工序;将凝胶时间(gel time)调整为15~25秒的工序;和将起发时间(rise time)调整为25~40秒的工序。
本发明能够提供薄壁且触感优良的汽车用内装材料,特别是仪表板。
具体实施方式
本发明的汽车用内装材料是在树脂制表皮材料和基材之间将聚氨酯发泡层一体成型的聚氨酯一体发泡成型的汽车用内装材料,该汽车用内装材料的聚氨酯发泡层的厚度为2.5~6.0mm,聚氨酯发泡层是由多元醇混合物(P)和聚异氰酸酯成分(B)构成的混合液形成的发泡体,上述多元醇混合物(P)含有多元醇(组合物)(A)、含有水的发泡剂(C)和催化剂(D),发泡剂(C)的含量以(A)的合计重量为基准计为1.5~2.5重量%,树脂制表皮材料的厚度为0.6~1.0mm,表皮表面在10N的负载下位移0.40mm以上,在40N的负载下位移1.5~2.5mm。
上述内装材料是薄壁且高触感的,柔软感、回弹感也优异。
本发明的汽车用内装材料的聚氨酯发泡层所使用的多元醇(组合物)(A)优选为含有在聚醚多元醇(a)中在自由基聚合引发剂的存在下,聚合乙烯基单体而得到的聚合物多元醇(A1)和/或聚醚多元醇(A2),乙烯基单体的聚合物的含量以(A)的合计重量为基准计为0~7重量%,(a)和(A2)全部的平均官能团数为5.5~8的多元醇(组合物)。
作为聚醚多元醇(a)和(A2),可举出含有2~8个或其以上的活性氢的化合物(多元醇、多元酚和胺)的环氧乙烷(以下,缩写为EO)加合物和1,2-环氧丙烷(以下,缩写为PO)加合物等,可以2种以上并用。
作为多元醇,可举出碳原子数2~12的二元醇[乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,2-和1,3-丙二醇、二丙二醇、1,3-和1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、环己二醇和环己烷二甲醇等]、碳原子数3~12的3~8元或其以上的元数的醇[甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二甘油、α-甲基葡萄糖苷、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、甘露糖醇、葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖等]和它们的2种以上的并用。
作为多元酚,可举出单环多元酚(邻苯三酚和对苯二酚等)、双酚(双酚A、双酚F和双酚砜等)、酚化合物(苯酚和甲酚等)的甲醛低缩聚物(线性酚醛树脂和甲阶酚醛树脂的中间体)和它们的2种以上的并用。
作为胺,包括活性氢的个数为2~8个或其以上的胺,可举出氨;烷醇胺[单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、异丙醇胺和氨乙基乙醇胺等];碳原子数1~20的烷基胺[甲胺、乙胺、正丁胺和辛胺等];碳原子数2~6的亚烷基二胺[乙二胺和己二胺等];聚亚烷基多胺(亚烷基的碳原子数为2~6的二亚烷基三胺~六亚烷基庚胺)[二亚乙基三胺和三亚乙基四胺等];碳原子数6~20的芳香族单或多胺[苯胺、苯二胺、二氨基甲苯、苯二甲胺、亚甲基二苯胺和二苯醚二胺等];碳原子数4~15的脂环式胺[异佛尔酮二胺、环己烷二胺等];碳原子数4~15的杂环式胺[氨乙基哌嗪和日本特公昭55-21044号公报记载的胺等]和它们的2种以上的并用。
这些化合物中,从聚氨酯发泡层的泡沫(以下,记载为泡沫)的最终硬度、混合液的液体流动的观点出发,优选为多元醇。更优选为碳原子数2~4的二元醇、碳原子数3~12的3~8元的醇。
聚醚多元醇(a)和(A2)中,作为EO和PO的加成方法,可以是嵌段加成也可以是无规加成,优选为嵌段加成的方法,进一步优选为在末端和根据需要在内部加成EO而进行嵌段加成的方法。
从泡沫的硬度和混合液的液体流动性的观点出发,(a)和(A2)的数均分子量优选为3000~25000,进一步优选为4000~20000,特别优选为5000~18000。
从泡沫的成型性和泡沫的硬度的观点出发,(a)和(A2)所加成的EO的重量%〔即,氧化乙烯单元(以下,缩写为EO单元)的含量〕优选为5~40%,进一步优选为8~35%,特别优选为10~30%。
从泡沫的硬度和混合液的液体流动性的观点出发,(a)和(A2)的羟值(mgKOH/g)优选为15~50,进一步优选为20~38,特别优选为24~35。
本发明的羟值根据JISK-1557-1求出。
此外,本发明中的数均分子量通过GPC(凝胶渗透色谱)在下述测定条件下求出。
<GPC的测定条件>
柱:TSK gel SuperH4000、TSK gel SuperH3000和TSK gelSuperH2000(均是TOSOH株式会社制)
柱温:40℃
检测器:RI
溶剂:四氢呋喃
流速:0.6ml/分钟
试样浓度:0.25%
注入量:10μl
标准:聚氧乙二醇(TOSOH株式会社制;TSKSTANDARDPOLYETHYLENE OXIDE)
数据处理装置:SC-8020(TOSOH株式会社制)
聚醚多元醇的平均官能团数意指一分子聚醚多元醇中具有的羟基的个数的平均值,多元醇(组合物)(A)中的聚醚多元醇(a)和(A2)全部的平均官能团数优选为5.5~8,进一步优选为6~7.5。多个聚醚多元醇的混合物的情况下,例如,即使各官能团数在5.5~8的范围之外,如果加权平均的平均官能团数在5.5~8的范围内,则也使平均官能团数为5.5~8。平均官能团数为5.5以上时,泡沫的固化性良好,如果为8以下,则混合液的液体流动性良好。聚醚多元醇的平均官能团数可以通过以下计算式计算。
平均官能团数=[聚醚多元醇的数均分子量]×[羟值]/56100
本发明的聚合物多元醇(A1)可以通过在自由基聚合引发剂的存在下,在聚醚多元醇(a)中利用通常的方法聚合乙烯基单体来制造。
作为乙烯基单体,可举出丙烯腈、苯乙烯、偏氯乙烯、羟烷基(碳原子数2~5)(甲基)丙烯酸酯和烷基(碳原子数1~5)(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。这些单体中,从分散安定性和泡沫的硬度的观点出发,优选丙烯腈和苯乙烯。
乙烯基单体的聚合物的含量,以多元醇(组合物)(A)的合计重量为基准计优选为0~7重量%,从汽车用内装材料的触感的观点出发,进一步优选为0.5~6.5重量%,特别优选为1~6.5重量%。含量为7重量%以下时,泡沫的回弹弹性良好。
本发明中,作为自由基聚合引发剂,可以使用生成自由基而引发聚合的引发剂,可举出2,2’-偶氮二异丁腈、2,2’-偶氮双(2,4-二甲基戊腈)、2,2’-偶氮双(2-甲基丁腈)等偶氮化合物;过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化二异丙苯、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化月桂酰和过琥珀酸等有机过氧化物;过硫酸盐和过硼酸盐等无机过氧化物等。应予说明,它们可以2种以上并用。
作为聚合物多元醇(A1),从硬度的观点出发,优选含有在下述聚醚多元醇(a1)中在自由基聚合引发剂的存在下,聚合乙烯基单体得到的聚合物多元醇(A11)。
聚醚多元醇(a1):是聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯多元醇,平均官能团数为2.8~4.2,羟值为15~38(mgKOH/g),EO单元的合计含量为5~40重量%。
(a1)的平均官能团数为2.8~4.2,优选为3.8~4.1。
(a1)的羟值(mgKOH/g),从泡沫的硬度和混合液的液体流动性的观点出发,为15~38,优选为20~35。
(a1)的EO单元的合计含量(重量%),从泡沫的成型性和泡沫的硬度的观点出发,为5~40%,优选为8~35%,特别优选为10~30%。
(a1)的数均分子量,从泡沫的硬度和混合液的液体流动性的观点出发,优选为3000~20000,进一步优选为4000~18000,特别优选为5000~16000。
作为聚醚多元醇(A2),从泡沫的位移量的观点出发,优选含有下述聚醚多元醇(A21)的多元醇。
聚醚多元醇(A21):是聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯多元醇,平均官能团数为7.8~8.2,羟值为20~50(mgKOH/g),末端EO单元的含量为5~25重量%,EO单元的合计含量为8~30重量%。
(A21)的平均官能团数为7.8~8.2,优选为7.9~8.1。
(A21)的羟值(mgKOH/g),从泡沫的硬度和混合液的液体流动性的观点出发,为20~50,优选为24~35。
(A21)的末端EO单元的含量(重量%),从泡沫的成型性和泡沫的硬度的观点出发,为5~25%,优选为8~22%,特别优选为10~20%。
(A21)的EO单元的合计含量(重量%),从泡沫的成型性和泡沫的硬度的观点出发,为8~30%,优选为8~25%,特别优选为10~20%。
(A21)的数均分子量,从泡沫的硬度和混合液的液体流动性的观点出发,优选为5000~25000,进一步优选为8000~20000,特别优选为12000~18000。
本发明中,多元醇(组合物)(A)可以是单独的多元醇,也可以是2种以上的多元醇混合物。
作为本发明的多元醇(组合物)(A),可以是聚合物多元醇(A1)单独,也可以是聚醚多元醇(A2)单独,还可以是(A1)与(A2)的混合物,但从混合液的液体流动性的观点出发,优选(A2)单独、(A1)与(A2)的混合物,进一步优选(A1)与(A2)的混合物,特别优选含有上述聚醚多元醇(A21)和聚合物多元醇(A11),(A)中的(A21)的含量为70~90重量%,(A11)的含量为5~25重量%的混合物。
作为本发明的汽车用内装材料的聚氨酯发泡层所使用的聚异氰酸酯成分(B),可以是聚氨酯的制造中通常使用的聚异氰酸酯,基于生产率的提高、作业环境的提高等理由,优选含有选自二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、聚亚甲基聚亚苯基聚异氰酸酯和它们的改性物中的1种以上的聚异氰酸酯。作为上述改性物,可举出氨基甲酸酯改性物、碳二亚胺改性物、脲基甲酸酯改性物、脲改性物、缩二脲改性物、异氰脲酸酯改性物和唑烷酮改性物等。
(B)的NCO含量优选为20~30重量%,从泡沫的硬度·回弹弹性和泡沫制造时的液体流动性的观点出发,进一步优选为22~29重量%。NCO含量为20%以上时混合液的液体流动性良好,如果为30%以下,则泡沫的硬度变低,回弹弹性提高。
作为本发明的汽车用内装材料的聚氨酯发泡层所使用的发泡剂(C),将水作为必需成分,根据需要可以并用其他发泡剂。从成型性的观点出发,基于(C)的重量的水的含量优选为20~100重量%,更优选为50~100重量%,特别优选为100重量%。
作为其他发泡剂,可举出液化二氧化碳和沸点为-5~70℃的低沸点化合物。
低沸点化合物包括含有氢原子的卤代烃和低沸点烃等。作为含有氢原子的卤代烃和低沸点烃的具体例,可举出HCFC(氢氯氟烃){HCFC-123、HCFC-141b和HCFC-142b等};HFC(氢氟烃){HFC-152a、HFC-356mff、HFC-236ea、HFC-245ca、HFC-245fa和HFC-365mfc等}、丁烷、戊烷和环戊烷等。
发泡剂(C)的含量,以多元醇(组合物)(A)的重量为基准计,为1.5~2.5重量%。从泡沫的成型性的观点出发,优选为1.6~2.2重量%,进一步优选为1.7~2.1重量%。(C)的含量小于1.5重量%时混合液的液体流动性降低,如果大于2.5重量%,则泡沫的成型性恶化。
作为本发明的汽车用内装材料的聚氨酯发泡层所使用的催化剂(D),可以使用本领域惯用的所有促进氨酯化反应的催化剂,可以举出三乙烯二胺、三乙胺、三乙醇胺、双(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)醚、N,N-二甲基氨基丙基二丙醇胺和N,N,N’,N’-四甲基己二胺、花王株式会社制“KAOLIZER P-200”等胺系催化剂、羧酸金属盐和月桂酸二丁基锡等有机金属化合物、以及乙酸钾、辛酸钾和辛酸亚锡等羧酸金属盐等。通过将上述催化剂使用于由多元醇混合物(P)和聚异氰酸酯成分(B)构成的混合液,能够将聚氨酯发泡层形成的缩合反应控制在适当的状态。
从泡沫的成型性的观点出发,催化剂(D)的使用量,基于多元醇(组合物)(A)的重量,优选为1.0~3.5重量%,进一步优选为1.5~3.0重量%。
本发明中,多元醇混合物(P)中,根据需要可以使用整泡剂(E)。作为(E),通常的聚氨酯泡沫的制造所使用的化合物均可使用,二甲基硅氧烷系整泡剂[Dow Corning Toray株式会社制的“SRX-253”、“PRX-607”等]和聚醚改性二甲基硅氧烷系整泡剂[Dow Corning Toray株式会社制的“SZ-1142”、“SRX-294A”、“SH-193”、“SZ-1720”、“SZ-1675t”、“SF-2936F”等,Momentive Performance Materials公司制的“L-3640”等和Degussa Japan株式会社制“B8715LF2”等]。从聚氨酯泡沫的成型性和泡沫变色的观点出发,整泡剂的使用量,基于多元醇(组合物)(A)的重量,优选为0.1~5.0重量%,进一步优选为0.5~1.0重量%。
本发明中,多元醇混合物(P)中,根据需要可以使用交联剂(F)。作为(F),通常的聚氨酯泡沫的制造所使用的交联剂均可使用,可举出多元醇、多元酚和胺。作为多元醇,碳原子数2~12的二元醇[乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二乙二醇和新戊二醇等]、碳原子数3~12的3~8元或其以上的元数的醇[甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二甘油、α-甲基葡萄糖苷、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、甘露糖醇、葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖等]等。
作为多元酚,可举出单环多元酚(对苯二酚等)、双酚(双酚A、双酚F等)、酚化合物(苯酚和甲酚等)的甲醛低缩聚物(线性酚醛树脂和甲阶酚醛树脂的中间体)等。
作为胺,可举出烷醇胺[单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、异丙醇胺和氨乙基乙醇胺等];碳原子数1~20的烷基胺[甲胺、乙胺、正丁胺和辛胺等];碳原子数2~6的亚烷基二胺[乙二胺和己二胺等];聚亚烷基多胺(亚烷基的碳原子数为2~6的二亚烷基三胺~六亚烷基庚胺)[二亚乙基三胺和三亚乙基四胺等];碳原子数6~20的芳香族单或多胺[苯胺、苯二胺、二氨基甲苯、苯二甲胺、亚甲基二苯胺和二苯醚二胺等];碳原子数4~15的脂环式胺类[异佛尔酮二胺、环己烷二胺等];碳原子数4~15的杂环式胺[氨乙基哌嗪和日本特公昭55-21044号公报记载的胺等]和它们的2种以上的并用等。
从泡沫的固化性的观点出发,优选胺。
本发明中,多元醇混合物(P)中,根据需要可以使用抗氧化剂(受阻酚和受阻胺等)和紫外线吸收剂(三唑和二苯甲酮等)等抗老化剂;无机盐(碳酸钙和硫酸钡等)、无机纤维(玻璃纤维和碳纤维等)、晶须(钛酸钾晶须等)等填充剂;阻燃剂(磷酸酯等)、粘接剂(改性聚己内酯多元醇等);增塑剂(邻苯二甲酸酯类等);着色剂(染料和颜料);抗菌剂;抗霉剂;等以往公知的添加剂和助剂。
本发明中,从泡沫的固化性和泡沫的成型性的观点出发,由多元醇混合物(P)和聚异氰酸酯成分(B)构成的混合液的异氰酸酯指数(Index)[(NCO基团/含有活性氢原子的基团)的当量比×100]优选为70~140,进一步优选为75~130,特别优选为80~120。
使用本发明的聚氨酯发泡层的聚氨酯一体型发泡成型的汽车用内装材料中,得到将聚氨酯发泡层的厚度成型为2.5~6.0mm,树脂制表皮材料的厚度成型为0.6~1.0mm时,表皮表面在10N的负载下位移0.40mm以上,优选位移0.40~1.5mm,在40N的负载下位移1.5~2.5mm的成型品(汽车用内装材料)。
树脂制表皮材料及其成型方法只要是能够作为汽车用内装材料使用的方法就没有特别限制,从成型性和操作性的观点出发,优选通过凝塑成型将热塑性树脂成型的方法。
作为热塑性树脂,可举出氯乙烯树脂、聚氨酯(脲)树脂、丙烯酸系树脂、ABS树脂、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯和它们2种以上的混合物等。这些树脂中,从凝塑成型品的柔软感的观点出发,优选氯乙烯树脂、聚氨酯(脲)树脂,特别优选聚氨酯(脲)树脂。
从触感的观点出发,汽车用内装材料的树脂制表皮材料面的C硬度优选为42~50,进一步优选为43~49。
本发明的汽车用内装材料的球体回弹优选为33%以上,进一步优选为34~40%。
以下示出本发明的汽车用内装材料的制造方法的一例。
首先,将多元醇(组合物)(A)、发泡剂(C)和催化剂(D)以及根据需要的其他添加剂·助剂以规定量进行混合,制作多元醇混合物(P)。
接下来,使用聚氨酯发泡机(低压或高压发泡机,优选为高压发泡机)或搅拌机,将多元醇混合物(P)和聚异氰酸酯成分(B)进行快速混合。将得到的混合液注入到分别将表皮和基材安装在各单面的密闭注入型防震垫用成型模具(优选成型模具的温度为25~50℃)中,使其发泡固化,规定时间后进行脱模,得到具有均匀的密度分布的汽车用内装材料。应予说明,添加剂、助剂等也可以混合到聚异氰酸酯成分(B)中使用。注入时的填充率〔(模具发泡时的密度/自由发泡时的密度)×100〕,优选为100~400%,特别优选为150~350%。
本发明的汽车内装材料的制造方法具有以下工序:将使由多元醇混合物(P)和聚异氰酸酯成分(B)构成的混合液在25℃的液温下发泡、固化时的乳白时间调整为3~5秒的工序,将凝胶时间调整为15~25秒的工序,和将起发时间调整为25~40秒的工序。
通过本发明的制造方法,得到成型时显示良好的液体流动性,且薄壁、触感良好的汽车用内装材料。
本发明的制造方法中,调整乳白时间、凝胶时间、起发时间例如可以调整催化剂(D)的使用量。促进乳白时间、起发时间可以增加胺系催化剂、优选双(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)醚、N,N-二甲基氨基丙基二丙醇胺的使用量。促进凝胶时间可以增加胺系催化剂和或有机金属化合物、优选叔胺催化剂〔花王株式会社制“KAOLIZER P-200”、三乙烯二胺等〕的使用量。
应予说明,确认乳白时间、凝胶时间、起发时间、固化时间时即使是在上述范围内,不需要对各时间进行增减调整的情况下,也要确认各时间,因此视为具有调整的工序。
实施例
以下,通过实施例对本发明做更进一步说明,但本发明并不局限于此。应予说明,以下,份和%只要没有特别说明,分别表示重量份和重量%。
实施例1~11和比较例1~2
使用高压发泡机(PEC公司制MiniRIM机),将表1和表2所示的多元醇混合物(P)和聚异氰酸酯成分(B)混合,注入到100×1200×6.1~10mm的金属制密闭模具中进行成型。模具中,预先分别将厚度为0.6~1.0mm的聚氨酯制的表皮和厚度为3mm的聚丙烯制的基材安装在各单面。以下示出成型条件。
<成型条件>
液温:(P)/(B)=25℃/25℃
金属模具温度:40℃
固化时间:60秒
将得到的各泡沫的成型性和物性值的测定结果示于表1和表2。
应予说明,表1和表2中,使用的材料的投料量以重量份表示。此外,聚异氰酸酯成分的投料量以异氰酸酯指数(Index)表示。
[表2]
表1和表2中的各成分如下。
(A2-1):对蔗糖以PO·EO的顺序进行加成而得的嵌段加合物(平均官能团数8.0,羟值28,末端EO单元的含量=20%)。
(A2-2):对甘油以PO·EO的顺序进行加成而得的嵌段加合物(平均官能团数3.0,羟值34,末端EO单元的含量=20%)。
(a-1):对季戊四醇以PO·EO的顺序进行加成而得的嵌段加合物(平均官能团数4.0,羟值28,末端EO单元的含量=14%)。
(A1-1):多元醇(a-1)中使丙烯腈和苯乙烯共聚而得的聚合物多元醇(聚合物含量30%,丙烯腈/苯乙烯比(重量比)=65/35)。
(B-1):改性MDI〔日本聚氨酯株式会社制“CEF-263”,NCO含量=28.7%〕
(B-2):改性MDI〔日本聚氨酯株式会社制“CEI-264”,NCO含量=30.4%〕
(B-3):Polymeric MDI〔日本聚氨酯株式会社制“MR-200”,NCO含量=31.3%〕
(D-1):叔胺催化剂〔花王株式会社制“KAOLIZER P-200”〕
(D-2):双(N,N-二甲基氨基-2-乙基)醚的70%二乙二醇溶液〔TOSOH株式会社制“TOYOCAT-ET”〕
(E-1):有机改性聚硅氧烷的调和剂〔Degussa Japan株式会社制“TEGOSTAB B8715LF2”〕
<反应性>
反应性的评价方法如下。
乳白时间:氨酯化反应中,要反应之前的原料〔多元醇混合物(P)和聚异氰酸酯成分(B)〕的液温为25℃,在20cm×20cm×30cm的木箱中自由发泡时,从注入原料的时间开始至发泡开始的时间为止的时间(秒)。
凝胶时间:开始混合多元醇混合物(P)和聚异氰酸酯成分(B)后,引起增粘而开始出现凝胶强度(树脂化)的时间(秒)
起发时间:开始混合多元醇混合物(P)和聚异氰酸酯成分(B)后,发泡泡沫的上升停止的时间(秒)。
<成型性>
成型性的评价方法如下。
液体流动性:确认从金属模具脱模时的外观,按照下述基准评价。
×:有缺肉
△:成型品的末端存在空洞或孔变形(セル荒れ)
○:成型品的末端基本不存在空洞和孔变形
(空洞和孔变形面积1~5%)
◎:成型品的末端不存在空洞和孔变形
(空洞和孔变形面积小于1%)
固化性:从金属模具取出泡沫,确认对泡沫施加3秒5kg重的负载时的泡沫的变形程度,按照下述基准评价。
×:5mm以上且小于10mm的变形
△:1mm以上且小于5mm的变形
○:小于1mm的变形
<位移量>
使用具有自动记录装置的压缩负荷试验机(岛津制作所制AUTOGRAPH AG-1 20kN),利用直径14mm圆形加压板以50mm/分钟的速度挤压试验片的表皮表面,测定负载为10N和40N时的表皮表面的位移量(mm)。
<泡沫物性>
泡沫物性的评价方法如下。
总密度(g/cm3):JIS K6401(总密度是指JIS规格规定的“表观密度”。)
C硬度:通过ASKER C硬度计(“ASKER橡胶硬度计C型”高分子计器制)测定
球体回弹:利用JIS K6401的方法对树脂制表皮材料面进行测定。
实施例1~11与比较例1~2相比,液体流动性、固化性优异,使用其成型的汽车用内装材料薄壁,具有柔软感、回弹感,且是高触感的。实施例1~7特别良好。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的汽车内装材料薄壁,具有柔软感、回弹感,是高触感的,能够用作仪表板的防震垫等汽车用内装材料。
Claims (6)
1.一种汽车用内装材料,是在树脂制表皮材料和基材之间将聚氨酯发泡层一体成型的聚氨酯一体发泡成型的汽车用内装材料,聚氨酯发泡层的厚度为2.5~6.0mm,聚氨酯发泡层是由多元醇混合物P和聚异氰酸酯成分B构成的混合液形成的发泡体,所述多元醇混合物P含有多元醇或多元醇组合物A、含有水的发泡剂C和催化剂D,发泡剂C的含量以A的合计重量为基准计为1.5~2.5重量%,树脂制表皮材料的厚度为0.6~1.0mm,表皮表面在10N的负载下位移0.40mm以上,在40N的负载下位移1.5~2.5mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汽车用内装材料,其中,多元醇或多元醇组合物A含有在聚醚多元醇a中在自由基聚合引发剂的存在下,聚合乙烯基单体而得到的聚合物多元醇A1和/或聚醚多元醇A2,乙烯基单体的聚合物的含量以A的合计重量为基准计为0~7重量%,a和A2全部的平均官能团数为5.5~8,聚异氰酸酯成分B含有选自二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、聚亚甲基聚亚苯基聚异氰酸酯和它们的改性物中的1种以上,B的NCO含量为20~30重量%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的汽车用内装材料,其中,聚合物多元醇A1含有在下述聚醚多元醇a1中在自由基聚合引发剂的存在下,聚合乙烯基单体而得到的聚合物多元醇A11,聚醚多元醇A2含有下述聚醚多元醇A21,A中的A11的含量为5~25重量%,A21的含量为70~90重量%,
聚醚多元醇a1:是聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯多元醇,平均官能团数为2.8~4.2,羟值为15~38mgKOH/g,氧化乙烯单元的合计含量为5~40重量%,
聚醚多元醇A21:是聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯多元醇,平均官能团数为7.8~8.2,羟值为20~50mgKOH/g,末端氧化乙烯单元的含量为5~25重量%,氧化乙烯单元的合计含量为8~30重量%。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的汽车用内装材料,其中,汽车用内装材料的树脂制表皮材料面的C硬度为42~50,球体回弹为33%以上。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的汽车用内装材料,其中,树脂制表皮材料是通过热塑性树脂的凝塑成型而成型的材料。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的汽车用内装材料的制造方法,具有以下工序:将使由多元醇混合物P和聚异氰酸酯成分B构成的混合液在25℃的液温下发泡、固化时的乳白时间调整为3~5秒的工序;将凝胶时间调整为15~25秒的工序;和将起发时间调整为25~40秒的工序。
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CN109749043A (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-14 | 浙江华峰合成树脂有限公司 | 高剥离革用无溶剂聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法和应用 |
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WO2017030098A1 (ja) * | 2015-08-17 | 2017-02-23 | 日立化成株式会社 | 硬化性樹脂組成物、成形用組成物、樹脂成形体、及び樹脂成形体を製造する方法 |
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CN107082750A (zh) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-08-22 | 三斯达(江苏)环保科技有限公司 | 二苯甲酮腙衍生物的制备及其在防老化发泡材料中的应用 |
CN109749043A (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-14 | 浙江华峰合成树脂有限公司 | 高剥离革用无溶剂聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN109749043B (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2021-07-16 | 浙江华峰合成树脂有限公司 | 高剥离革用无溶剂聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法和应用 |
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