CN105830970A - Giant salamander breeding method considering imitative ecological reproduction and artificial reproduction - Google Patents
Giant salamander breeding method considering imitative ecological reproduction and artificial reproduction Download PDFInfo
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- CN105830970A CN105830970A CN201610191361.8A CN201610191361A CN105830970A CN 105830970 A CN105830970 A CN 105830970A CN 201610191361 A CN201610191361 A CN 201610191361A CN 105830970 A CN105830970 A CN 105830970A
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 241000157862 Dicamptodontidae Species 0.000 title abstract 12
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 169
- 241001253208 Andrias davidianus Species 0.000 claims description 79
- 241001415306 Cryptobranchidae Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000032696 parturition Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000269333 Caudata Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000216 zygoma Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 purify Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000026109 gonad development Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000012173 estrus Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002710 gonadal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000269331 Ambystoma Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003555 cloaca Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000016087 ovulation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a giant salamander breeding method considering imitative ecological reproduction and artificial reproduction; existing artificial reproduction technologies mostly employ steroid injection spawning, thus causing large damages on giant salamander; the novel method builds a giant salamander natural habitat environment on one hand, and adds infrared sensors in artificial caves of the giant salamander; the infrared sensors are connected with a monitoring computer through a data line; when the monitoring computer discoveries that the infrared rays sent by infrared ray emitters of certain artificial cave are blocked for more than 2 minutes, the giant salamander in the artificial cave is determined to have crawled to a showering pipe for showering once; if the giant salamander of certain artificial cave has 5 or above times of showering within 12 hours, the giant salamander is determined to be natural reproduced giant salamander, steroid injection spawning is not needed, and imitative ecological reproduction is carried out; steroid injection spawning is carried out for the resting giant salamander. The giant salamander breeding method considering imitative ecological reproduction and artificial reproduction is high in breeding rate, good in population biology, and suitable for culturing and breeding giant salamander.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of giant salamander breeding method taking into account Ecology breeding and artificial propagation.
Background technology
The artificial propagation techniques of Andrias davidianus Blanchard is a current technical barrier, is that restriction giant salamander culture industry health can
The principal element of sustainable development.At present the artificial propagation of Andrias davidianus Blanchard is to use Fish to hasten parturition reproduction technique, i.e. gives
Parent fish female, the male injection external source oxytocic drug of gonad development (IV phase) to a certain extent is (such as HCG, LRH-A2、
DOM etc.), hormone-content in the Fish Blood that increases sharply in the short period of time, flowed by blood,
Being delivered in the corresponding organ of Fish and body of gland, part substitutes Fish nerve-endocrine regulation activity, thus
Promote gonadal maturation, row's essence ovulation, carry out artificial insemination.Andrias davidianus Blanchard is female, the gonad development of male parent fish
Pole is had with height above sea level, temperature, water temperature, water quality, current, the water yield, illumination, age, nutrition etc.
Its close relation of complexity, owing to lacking the fundamental research going deep into system, its gonad development mechanism
And the necessary connection between each factor of environmental ecology there is presently no to be grasped completely, and artificial propagation techniques is the most not
Stable and ripe, seed mass production problem can't be solved.Outstanding behaviours is in terms of three below:
One is often because the On The Gonadal Development of Megalobatrachus Davidianus gonad development immature or female, male of artificial culture is asynchronous
Cause artificial propagation failure；Two is that artificial propagation is relatively big to the nocuity of Andrias davidianus Blanchard parent, and casualty rate is higher,
Economic loss is big；Even if three is to breed part seed, also poor because of children's salamander body constitution, survival rate is relatively low,
The growth promoter in later stage is adversely affected.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is how to fill up the above-mentioned blank of prior art, it is provided that Yi Zhongjian
Turn round and look at Ecology breeding and artificial propagation giant salamander breeding method.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the breeding of this Ecology and the giant salamander breeding method of artificial propagation, including
Following step:
One). the addressing of breeding facility
(1) geographical environment selects: more than height above sea level 300m, average temperature of the whole year 12-17 DEG C, fall
Rainfall 600-2000mm, average annual sunshine time 2000-2600h, afforestation rate more than 60% warm,
Moistening, nice and cool mountain area, selects secluded glitch-free place, according to landform plot, builds corresponding scale
Giant salamander culture Breeding base.
Selecting water quality excellent pure, pollution-free, conveniently, the water yield is sufficient in water intaking, without industry, medical treatment and life
Live sewage flow into, water temperature lower ground descend water, mountain stream streams, cold spring water or reservoir bottom water as water source,
This source quality should meet " water environment quality standard (GB 3838-2002) " II above standard of class and
" water quality standard for fishery GB11607-1989 " requirement, summer, the highest water temperature (entered small stream ditch less than 24 DEG C
After water temperature).
Two), fountain circulation small stream ditch is built
(1) cistern: diameter 4-6m, the circular cement pit of high 6m, supercharging for water source, precipitation,
Purifying, buffer water temperature, waterfall gas, oxygen supplement, cistern opening suitable for reading, it is little that lip is provided around a circle
Hole, can be inserted into reinforcing bar, sets up shading screen summer to reduce water temperature,
(2) circulation small stream ditch (calling circular groove in the following text): every 2-3 bar circular groove, around being a group, sets the most respectively
Having a plurality of circular groove and Xi Gou, be nested arrangement in the form of a ring, every circular groove width 1.5m, deep about 0.60m,
Bottom of trench lays 5cm left and right thickness cobblestone,
(3) inlet channel
1. water inlet manifold: current are installed after water inlet manifold (diameter 150-250mm) is drawn from cistern
Total valve controls, and then introduces every circular groove.
2. water inlet pipe: introduce a water inlet pipe to each circular groove respectively from water inlet manifold.
3. water jet: arrange on every circular groove bottom center line water jet several, by underground water inlet pipe
Separating, end connects right angle shower nozzle (diameter 25mm) and is used for controlling water (flow) direction, and right angle shower nozzle exceeds circular groove
Bottom surface about 8cm (preventing cobblestone bottom circular groove from stopping current) and somewhat face upward head and become 10 degree with ground
Angle, water spray elbow offsets to the lateral wall of artificial islands and reefs or direction, medial wall, with reduce bottom surface cobblestone and
The resistance of artificial islands and reefs, arranges water jet 1, mediation valve gate control water jet water flow velocity every about 2m
Degree 0.2-0.3m/s.
(4) fountain
1. fountain quantity: each circular groove installs some fountains.
2. fountain water pump: every circular groove is respectively mounted 1 water pump.
3. jet pipe: diameter 5-6cm, highly 0.6-0.8m, nozzle hole is tubaeform.
4. fountain filter ditch: construction fountain filter ditch is in order to place water pump and to cross drainage, and size is mated with water pump,
Water pump is placed in filter ditch bottom, and upper strata arranges filter, places filter cotton drainage, to increase the saturating of water in filter
Lightness.
(5) artificial islands and reefs: on circular groove central authorities loop wire, one artificial islands and reefs of fusiformis is set every about 5m,
Length 2-3m, width 0.4m, highly about 40cm, the brick one-tenth of islands and reefs periphery, pointed with cement mortar, people
Work islands and reefs soil is filled, above plantation water peanut, and artificial islands and reefs are alternately arranged with fountain.
(6) artificial cave: building an artificial cave in circular groove both sides every about 3m, material uses
Fragment of brick, artificial cave is rectangle or fan-shaped or fillet rectangle, interior path length about 1.4m, wide 0.8-1.0m,
High about 0.40m, caves in pan bottom shape bottom artificial cave, less than ground level about 0.15m, hole
Size is wide 0.35m, high 0.25m, the cement plate of cladding thickness about 0.10m, water above artificial cave
On mud plate, the warming plate of cladding thickness about 0.10m and the soil of 30cm thickness, open 1 at central part
The hole of × 0.30m, is used for observing Andrias davidianus Blanchard active situation and production operation in hole, usually covers with plank,
The artificial cave of circular groove both sides is staggered.
(7) gully: gully is positioned at internal ring center, in oblong, for every circular groove
Draining, size is 0.6 × 4.0 × 0.8m (deeply).
(8) water level regulation pipe: the outlet pipe of each circular groove is all introduced row by PVC hidden pipe (interior diameter 4cm)
In well, at each effluent pipe mouth end by 1 rotatable pvc pipe of plastic elbow fit, pass through
Water level in Spin Control circular groove, the circular groove depth of water is advisable with 0.20-0.30m.
(9) water velocity: make the water velocity in circular groove be maintained at by regulating water inlet valve door
20-30cm/s。
(10) vegetation and other appurtenances: plant green plants on the vacant lot between artificial cave to shade
Cooling.
(11) shading screen: outside the outside of side ring ditch set up shading screen (if periphery has tree, can be in order to
Set up with trees), to keep the water temperature in ecological circular groove between 18-23 DEG C.
(11) forage fiss: put small-sized forage fiss alive, shrimp, every about 7 days of stocking rate in a suitable place to breed at Xi Gouzhong
Put in a suitable place to breed once.
Three) the selecting, match and put in a suitable place to breed of salamander female, great and mighty or powerful
(1) the selecting of male and female Andrias davidianus Blanchard
Female: the head breadth is less than body width；The soft protuberance of lines after Yan；Thin；Without cloacal gland, cloacal aperture is many
For circle；Aperture is little, and without white projection around gonopore, both sides cortex seen from inner edge is formed to face, chamber
Gauffer.
Male: the head breadth is more than body width；After Yan, cheekbone protuberance is substantially；Head is thick, triangle；There is cloaca
Gland, and swell in Semen Sojae Preparatum shape, cloacal aperture is held wherein；An irregular meat of circle is had around cloacal aperture
Shape white kick.
(2) salamander female, great and mighty or powerful matches and puts in a suitable place to breed
1. female and male ratio presses 1:1-1.2 proportioning.
2., more than age at age 6, more than body weight 3kg, interindividual variation is unsuitable excessive.
3. the Andrias davidianus Blanchard put in a suitable place to breed in same circular groove, it is desirable to be already adapted in same pond cultivation, to prevent
Cut one another's throat.
4. inner side circular groove puts in a suitable place to breed 2-4 group, middle circular groove puts 4-6 group in a suitable place to breed, outside circular groove puts 8-10 in a suitable place to breed
Group.
Four) young salamander is collected
The hatching of Andrias davidianus Blanchard natural spawning is when emerging, and drags for the sea upper opening from artificial cave gently whole with little
Pull out, put into special cultivation pond and cultivate.
It is so designed that, it is provided that being good for of the Breeding base of approximation Andrias davidianus Blanchard nature habitat, beneficially Andrias davidianus Blanchard
Kang Shengchang and breeding.
As optimization, each side, artificial cave or one jiao arrange a water pipe of having a shower, when the Andrias davidianus Blanchard of pairing
After entering artificial cave, water pipe water filling in artificial cave in good time of having a shower, water pipe water temperature of having a shower is than artificial hole
Water temperature in cave is low, but the two temperature difference is less than 5 DEG C, in the artificial cave sidewall of water pipe side of having a shower
On one or more groups infrared ray sensor is set, often group infrared ray sensor includes a RF transmitter
With an infrared receiver, the two is relative, is separately positioned on the side, artificial cave in water pipe both sides of having a shower
On wall；The infrared ray water surface in artificial cave that RF transmitter is launched parallel through, with the water surface
All less than 5 centimetres and non-intersect with the water surface and shower water with shower water distance, all infrared ray sensings
Device is connected with monitoring computer by data wire, the infrared emitting in monitoring computer finds certain artificial cave
The infrared ray that device is launched is blocked continuously more than 2 minutes, it is judged that for there being Andrias davidianus Blanchard to climb to punching in this artificial cave
Cool water pipe carries out having a shower once, and interior when the Andrias davidianus Blanchard 12 in monitoring computer finds certain artificial cave is little have five times
Or more than five times behaviors of having a shower, it is judged that the Andrias davidianus Blanchard in this artificial cave has obvious natural propagation wish, this people
The Andrias davidianus Blanchard in work cave is natural propagation Andrias davidianus Blanchard, carries out registering, protecting, in ensuing feeding process,
Do not carry out injection of hormone to hasten parturition, carry out Ecology breeding.
When having more than 1/3rd to be determined conservation Andrias davidianus Blanchard, or other Andrias davidianus Blanchards continuous two with batch Andrias davidianus Blanchard of pairing
Five times or more than five times behaviors of having a shower is had in occurring without obvious natural propagation wish that is 12 hours week,
Then judge that the every other pairing Andrias davidianus Blanchard beyond numerous Andrias davidianus Blanchard is artificial propagation Andrias davidianus Blanchard, carry out registering, managing
Reason, in ensuing feeding process, carries out injection of hormone and hastens parturition, and artificial propagation Andrias davidianus Blanchard is through five-eight times
Injection of hormone is hastened parturition, or fertility substantially weakens, then artificial propagation Andrias davidianus Blanchard turns to be set to commodity big
Salamander, list marketing after short-term is fattened.It is so designed that, makes full use of after Andrias davidianus Blanchard sexual maturity sends out phase feelings, have
The feature of habit of having a shower, selects the Andrias davidianus Blanchard of spontaneous estrus, and this part Andrias davidianus Blanchard is not required to manual injection and urges
Producing, so that it may breed Andrias davidianus Blanchard, in many generations, breed, and the most inconspicuous decline of reproduction ability can properly preserve population
Advantage.Remaining Andrias davidianus Blanchard, first as artificial propagation Andrias davidianus Blanchard, is manually paid element injection and hastens parturition, reproduction ability
After decline, then fatten through short-term, sell as commodity Andrias davidianus Blanchard, it is thus achieved that abundant return.
The present invention takes into account Ecology breeding and the giant salamander breeding method of artificial propagation has that to breed height, population good
Advantage, be suitable for giant salamander breeding, cultivation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The giant salamander culture mating system that the present invention takes into account benefit and conservation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is made furtherly
Bright:
Fig. 1 is the structure of the fountain circulation small stream ditch of the giant salamander culture mating system originally taking into account benefit and conservation
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation in single artificial cave in Fig. 1 fountain circulation small stream ditch；
Fig. 3 is showing of the conservation screening system that in the present invention, multiple infrared ray sensors and monitoring computer form
It is intended to.
In figure: 1 circular groove, 2 be small stream ditch, 3 be artificial cave, 4 be temperature drop pipe, 5 send out for infrared ray
Emitter, 6 be infrared receiver, 7 be data wire, 8 be monitoring computer, 9 for before hole, artificial cave
Groove.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment one: originally take into account the giant salamander culture mating system of benefit and conservation, comprise the steps:
One). the addressing of breeding facility
(1) geographical environment selects: more than height above sea level 300m, average temperature of the whole year 12-17 DEG C, fall
Rainfall 600-2000mm, average annual sunshine time 2000-2600h, afforestation rate more than 60% warm,
Moistening, nice and cool mountain area, selects secluded glitch-free place, according to landform plot, builds corresponding scale
Giant salamander culture Breeding base.
Select water quality excellent pure, pollution-free, water intaking is convenient, the water yield sufficient, without industry, medical treatment and raw
Sewage alive flows into, water temperature lower ground descends water, mountain stream streams, cold spring water or reservoir bottom water as water
Source, this source quality should meet meet " water environment quality standard (GB 3838-2002) " II class with
Upper standard and " water quality standard for fishery GB11607-1989 " requirement, summer, the highest water temperature (was entered less than 24 DEG C
Enter the water temperature after small stream ditch).
Two), fountain circulation small stream ditch is built
(1) cistern: diameter 4-6m, the circular cement pit of high 6m, supercharging for water source, precipitation,
Purifying, buffer water temperature, waterfall gas, oxygen supplement, cistern opening suitable for reading, it is little that lip is provided around a circle
Hole, can be inserted into reinforcing bar, sets up shading screen summer to reduce water temperature.
(2) circulation small stream ditch (calling circular groove in the following text): every 2-3 bar circular groove, around being a group, sets the most respectively
Having a plurality of circular groove 1 and small stream ditch 2, be nested arrangement in the form of a ring, and every circular groove width 1.5m, deep 0.60m are left
The right side, bottom of trench lays 5cm left and right thickness cobblestone.
(3) inlet channel
1. water inlet manifold: current are installed after water inlet manifold (diameter 150-250mm) is drawn from cistern
Total valve controls, and then introduces every circular groove.
2. water inlet pipe: introduce a water inlet pipe to each circular groove respectively from water inlet manifold.
3. water jet: arrange on every circular groove 1 bottom center line water jet several, by underground water inlet
Pipe separates, and end connects right angle shower nozzle (diameter 25mm) and is used for controlling water (flow) direction, and right angle shower nozzle exceeds ring
Ditch bottom surface about 8cm (preventing cobblestone bottom circular groove from stopping current) and somewhat face upward head and become 10 with ground
Degree angle, water spray elbow offsets to the lateral wall of artificial islands and reefs or direction, medial wall, to reduce bottom surface cobblestone
With the resistance of artificial islands and reefs, water jet 1, mediation valve gate control water jet current are set every about 2m
Speed 0.2-0.3m/s.
(4) fountain
1. fountain quantity: each circular groove installs some fountains.
2. fountain water pump: every circular groove 1 is respectively mounted 1 water pump.
3. jet pipe: diameter 5-6cm, highly 0.6-0.8m, nozzle hole is tubaeform.
4. fountain filter ditch: construction fountain filter ditch is in order to place water pump and to cross drainage, and size is mated with water pump,
Water pump is placed in filter ditch bottom, and upper strata arranges filter, places filter cotton drainage, to increase the saturating of water in filter
Lightness.
(5) artificial islands and reefs: on circular groove 1 central authorities loop wire, one fusiformis man-made island is set every about 5m
Reef, length 2-3m, width 0.4m, highly about 40cm, the brick one-tenth of islands and reefs periphery, pointed with cement mortar,
Artificial islands and reefs soil is filled, and plantation water peanut above, artificial islands and reefs are alternately arranged with fountain.
(6) artificial cave: build an artificial cave 3, material every about 3m in circular groove 1 both sides
Using fragment of brick, artificial cave 3 is rectangle or fan-shaped or fillet rectangle, and interior path length about 1.4m is wide
0.8-1.0m, high about 0.40m, cave in pan bottom shape bottom artificial cave 3, less than ground level 0.15m
Left and right, hole size is wide 0.35m, high 0.25m, artificial cave 3 cladding thickness about 0.10m above
Cement plate, the warming plate of cladding thickness about 0.10m and the soil of 30cm thickness on cement plate, in central authorities
The hole of 0.30 × 0.30m is opened at position, is used for observing Andrias davidianus Blanchard active situation and production operation, usually uses plank
Covering, the artificial cave of circular groove 1 both sides is staggered, and hole is provided with groove 9, it is simple to collect salamander Seedling.
(7) gully: gully is positioned at internal ring center, in oblong, for every circular groove
Draining, size is 0.6 × 4.0 × 0.8m (deeply).
(8) water level regulation pipe: the outlet pipe of each circular groove is all introduced row by PVC hidden pipe (interior diameter 4cm)
In well, at each effluent pipe mouth end by 1 rotatable pvc pipe of plastic elbow fit, pass through
Water level in Spin Control circular groove, the circular groove depth of water is advisable with 0.20-0.30m.
(9) water velocity: make the water velocity in circular groove be maintained at by regulating water inlet valve door
20-30cm/s。
(10) vegetation and other appurtenances: plant green plants on the vacant lot between artificial cave to shade
Cooling.
(11) shading screen: outside the outside of side ring ditch set up shading screen (if periphery has tree, can be in order to
Set up with trees), to keep the water temperature in ecological circular groove between 18-23 DEG C.
(11) forage fiss: put small-sized forage fiss alive, shrimp, every about 7 days of stocking rate in a suitable place to breed at Xi Gouzhong
Put in a suitable place to breed once.
Three) the selecting, match and put in a suitable place to breed of male and female Andrias davidianus Blanchard,
(1) the selecting of salamander female, great and mighty or powerful
Female: the head breadth is less than body width；After Yan, the soft protuberance of lines is inconspicuous, relatively thin；Without cloacal gland,
Cloacal aperture mostly is circular；Aperture is little, and without white projection around gonopore, seen from inner edge, both sides cortex is to chamber
The gauffer that face is formed.
Male: the head breadth is more than body width；After Yan, cheekbone protuberance is substantially；Head is thicker, nearly triangle；Let out
Grow chamber gland, and swell in Semen Sojae Preparatum shape, cloacal aperture is held wherein；There is a circle irregular around cloacal aperture
Meat shape white kick.
(2) salamander female, great and mighty or powerful matches and puts in a suitable place to breed
1. female and male ratio presses 1:1-1.2 proportioning
2., more than age at age 6, more than body weight 3kg, interindividual variation is unsuitable excessive.
3. the Andrias davidianus Blanchard put in a suitable place to breed in same circular groove 1, it is desirable to be already adapted in same pond cultivation, in case
Only cut one another's throat.
4. inner side circular groove 1 puts in a suitable place to breed 2-4 group, middle circular groove 1 puts 4-6 group in a suitable place to breed, in outside circular groove 1
Put 8-10 group in a suitable place to breed.
Four) young salamander is collected
The hatching of Andrias davidianus Blanchard natural spawning is when emerging, and drags for the sea upper opening from artificial cave gently whole with little
Pull out, put into special cultivation pond and cultivate.
It is so designed that, it is provided that being good for of the Breeding base of approximation Andrias davidianus Blanchard nature habitat, beneficially Andrias davidianus Blanchard
Kang Shengchang and breeding.
As it is shown in figure 1, each side, artificial cave 3 or one jiao arrange a water pipe 4 of having a shower, work as pairing
Andrias davidianus Blanchard enter behind artificial cave 3, water pipe 4 of having a shower does not stops water filling in artificial cave, water pipe 4 of having a shower
Water temperature is low with the water temperature in artificial cave 3, but the two temperature difference is less than 5 DEG C, with water pipe 4 one of having a shower
One or more groups infrared ray sensor, often group infrared ray sensor bag are set on artificial cave 3 sidewall of side
Including a RF transmitter 5 and an infrared receiver 6, the two is relative, is separately positioned in punching
On the sidewall in the artificial cave 3 of cool water pipe 4 both sides；The infrared ray that RF transmitter 5 is launched is from manually
On the water surface in cave 3 parallel through, with the water surface and shower water distance all less than 5 centimetres, and and water
Face and shower water are non-intersect, and all infrared ray sensors are connected with monitoring computer 8 by data wire 7, when
Monitoring computer 8 finds that the infrared ray that the RF transmitter 5 in certain artificial cave 3 is launched is blocked continuously
More than 2 minutes, it is judged that carry out having a shower once for there being Andrias davidianus Blanchard to climb to temperature drop pipe 4 in this artificial cave 3,
Interior when the Andrias davidianus Blanchard 12 in monitoring computer 8 finds certain artificial cave is little have five times or more than five times behaviors of having a shower
, it is judged that the Andrias davidianus Blanchard in this artificial cave 3 has obvious natural propagation wish, and the Andrias davidianus Blanchard in this artificial cave 3 is
Natural propagation Andrias davidianus Blanchard, carries out registering, protecting, and in ensuing feeding process, does not carry out injection of hormone
Hasten parturition, carry out Ecology natural propagation.
When having more than 1/3rd to be determined conservation Andrias davidianus Blanchard, or other Andrias davidianus Blanchards continuous two with batch Andrias davidianus Blanchard of pairing
Five times or more than five times behaviors of having a shower is had in occurring without obvious natural propagation wish that is 12 hours week,
Then judge that the every other pairing Andrias davidianus Blanchard beyond natural propagation Andrias davidianus Blanchard is artificial propagation Andrias davidianus Blanchard, carry out registering,
Management, in ensuing feeding process, carries out injection of hormone and hastens parturition, artificial propagation Andrias davidianus Blanchard through five-
Eight times injection of hormone is hastened parturition, or fertility substantially weakens, and is changed by artificial propagation Andrias davidianus Blanchard and is set to commodity
Andrias davidianus Blanchard, list marketing after short-term is fattened.It is so designed that, makes full use of Andrias davidianus Blanchard sexual maturity post-estrus,
Having the feature of habit of having a shower, select the Andrias davidianus Blanchard of spontaneous estrus, this part Andrias davidianus Blanchard is not required to manual injection
Hastening parturition, so that it may breed Andrias davidianus Blanchard, in many generations, breed, the most inconspicuous decline of reproduction ability, can appropriate conserving species
Group's advantage.Remaining Andrias davidianus Blanchard, first as artificial propagation Andrias davidianus Blanchard, is manually paid element injection and hastens parturition, breed energy
After power is decreased obviously, then fatten through short-term, sell as commodity Andrias davidianus Blanchard, it is thus achieved that abundant return.
Claims (2)
1. take into account Ecology breeding and a giant salamander breeding method for artificial propagation, comprise the steps:
One) addressing of breeding facility
(1) geographical environment selects: more than height above sea level 300m, average temperature of the whole year 12-17 DEG C, fall
Rainfall 600-2000mm, average annual sunshine time 2000-2600h, afforestation rate more than 60% warm,
Moistening, nice and cool mountain area, selects secluded glitch-free place, according to landform plot, builds corresponding rule
The giant salamander culture Breeding base of mould,
Selecting water quality excellent pure, pollution-free, water intaking is convenient, and the water yield is sufficient, without industry, medical treatment and
Sanitary sewage flows into, and water temperature lower ground descends water, mountain stream streams, cold spring water or reservoir bottom water conduct
Water source, this source quality should meet " water environment quality standard (GB 3838-2002) " II class with
Upper standard and " water quality standard for fishery GB11607-1989 " requirement, summer, the highest water temperature was less than 24 DEG C
Two) fountain circulation small stream ditch is built
(1) cistern: diameter 4-6m, the circular cement pit of high 6m is supercharging for water source, heavy
Forming sediment, purify, buffer water temperature, waterfall gas, oxygen supplement, cistern opening suitable for reading, lip is provided around
One circle aperture, can be inserted into reinforcing bar, sets up shading screen summer to reduce water temperature,
(2) circular groove called in the following text by circulation small stream ditch: every 2-3 bar circular groove, around being one group, from inside to outside divides
Not being provided with a plurality of circular groove and Xi Gou, be nested arrangement in the form of a ring, every circular groove width 1.5m, deep 0.60m
Left and right, bottom of trench laying 5cm left and right thickness cobblestone,
(3) inlet channel
1. water inlet manifold: current from cistern through water inlet manifold draw after by total valve control, then draw
Enter every circular groove,
2. water inlet pipe: introduce a water inlet pipe to each circular groove respectively from water inlet manifold,
3. water jet: arrange on every circular groove bottom center line water jet several, by underground water inlet
Pipe separates, and end connects right angle shower nozzle and is used for controlling water (flow) direction, and right angle shower nozzle exceeds circular groove bottom surface 8cm
Left and right and somewhat face upward head and become 10 degree of angles with ground, elbow of spraying water is to the lateral wall of artificial islands and reefs or medial wall
Direction offsets, and to reduce bottom surface cobblestone and the resistance of artificial islands and reefs, arranges water jet every about 2m
1, mediation valve gate control water jet water velocity 0.2-0.3m/s,
(4) fountain
1. fountain quantity: each circular groove installs some fountains,
2. fountain water pump: every circular groove is respectively mounted 1 water pump,
3. jet pipe: diameter 5-6cm, highly 0.6-0.8m, nozzle hole is tubaeform,
4. fountain filter ditch: construction fountain filter ditch is in order to place water pump and to cross drainage, and size is mated with water pump,
Water pump is placed in filter ditch bottom, and upper strata arranges filter, places filter cotton drainage, to increase water in filter
Transparency,
(5) artificial islands and reefs: on circular groove central authorities loop wire, one fusiformis man-made island is set every about 5m
Reef, length 2-3m, width 0.4m, highly about 40cm, the brick one-tenth of islands and reefs periphery, cement hooks
Seam, artificial islands and reefs soil is filled, and plants water peanut above, and artificial islands and reefs are alternately arranged with fountain,
(6) artificial cave: building an artificial cave in circular groove both sides every about 3m, material is adopted
With fragment of brick, artificial cave is rectangle or fan-shaped or fillet rectangle, and interior path length about 1.4m is wide
0.8-1.0m, high about 0.40m, cave in pan bottom shape bottom artificial cave, less than ground level 0.15m
Left and right, hole size is wide 0.35m, high 0.25m, cladding thickness about 0.10m above artificial cave
Cement plate, the warming plate of cladding thickness about 0.10m and the soil of 30cm thickness on cement plate, in
The hole of one 0.30 × 0.30m is opened at position, centre, is used for observing Andrias davidianus Blanchard active situation and production operation in hole,
Usually covering with plank, the artificial cave of circular groove both sides is staggered,
(7) gully: gully is positioned at internal ring center, in oblong, for every circular groove
Draining, size is 0.6 × 4.0 × 0.8m,
(8) water level regulation pipe: the outlet pipe of each circular groove is all introduced in gully by PVC hidden pipe, respectively
Effluent pipe mouth end passes through 1 rotatable pvc pipe of plastic elbow fit, by Spin Control ring
Water level in ditch, the circular groove depth of water is advisable with 0.20-0.30m,
(9) water velocity: make the water velocity in circular groove be maintained at by regulating water inlet valve door
20-30cm/s,
(10) vegetation and other appurtenances: plant green plants on the vacant lot between artificial cave to hide
Shady cooling,
(11) shading screen: the outside of side ring ditch sets up shading screen outside, to keep in ecological circular groove
Water temperature between 18-23 DEG C,
(11) forage fiss: put small-sized forage fiss alive, shrimp in a suitable place to breed at Xi Gouzhong, every 7 days of stocking rate is left
The right side is put in a suitable place to breed once,
Three) the selecting, match and put in a suitable place to breed of salamander female, great and mighty or powerful
(1) the selecting of male and female Andrias davidianus Blanchard
Female: the head breadth is less than body width；After Yan, the soft protuberance of lines, thin；Without cloacal gland, cloacal aperture
It mostly is circular；Aperture is little, and without white projection around gonopore, seen from inner edge, both sides cortex is to face, chamber shape
The gauffer become；
Male: the head breadth is more than body width；After Yan, cheekbone protuberance is substantially；Head is thick, triangle；Have nephrodinic
Chamber gland, and swell in Semen Sojae Preparatum shape, cloacal aperture is held wherein；There is a circle irregular around cloacal aperture
Meat shape white kick,
(2) salamander female, great and mighty or powerful matches and puts in a suitable place to breed
1. female and male ratio presses 1:1-1.2 proportioning,
2., more than age at age 6, more than body weight 3kg, interindividual variation is unsuitable excessive,
3. the Andrias davidianus Blanchard put in a suitable place to breed in same circular groove, it is desirable to be already adapted in same pond cultivation, in case
Only cut one another's throat,
4. inner side circular groove puts in a suitable place to breed 2-4 group, middle circular groove puts 4-6 group in a suitable place to breed, outside circular groove is put in a suitable place to breed
8-10 group,
Four) young salamander is collected
The hatching of Andrias davidianus Blanchard natural spawning is when emerging, and drags for the sea upper opening from artificial cave gently complete with little
Portion pulls out, puts into special cultivation pond and cultivates.
The giant salamander breeding method taking into account Ecology breeding and artificial propagation the most according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that: each side, artificial cave or one jiao arrange a water pipe of having a shower, when the Andrias davidianus Blanchard of pairing
After entering artificial cave, water pipe water filling in artificial cave in good time of having a shower, water pipe water temperature of having a shower is than artificial
Water temperature in cave is low, but the two temperature difference is less than 5 DEG C, with the side, artificial cave of water pipe side of having a shower
Arranging one or more groups infrared ray sensor on wall, often group infrared ray sensor includes that an infrared ray is sent out
Emitter and an infrared receiver, the two is relative, is separately positioned on the artificial hole of water pipe both sides of having a shower
On the sidewall of cave；The infrared ray water surface in artificial cave that RF transmitter is launched parallel through,
All less than 5 centimetres and non-intersect with the water surface and shower water with the water surface and shower water distance, all red
Outer line sensor is connected with monitoring computer, in monitoring computer finds certain artificial cave by data wire
The infrared ray that RF transmitter is launched is blocked continuously more than 2 minutes, it is judged that in this artificial cave
Andrias davidianus Blanchard water pipe of climbing to have a shower is had to carry out having a shower once, the Andrias davidianus Blanchard in monitoring computer finds certain artificial cave
Have five times or more than five times behaviors of having a shower in 12 hours, it is judged that the Andrias davidianus Blanchard in this artificial cave have obvious from
So breeding wish, the Andrias davidianus Blanchard in this artificial cave is from numerous Andrias davidianus Blanchard, carries out registering, protecting, next
Feeding process in, do not carry out injection of hormone and hasten parturition, carry out Ecology natural propagation；
When having more than 1/3rd to be determined from numerous Andrias davidianus Blanchard with batch Andrias davidianus Blanchard of pairing, or other Andrias davidianus Blanchards are continuous
Five times or more than five times behaviors of having a shower is had within two weeks, occurring without obvious natural propagation wish that is 12 hours
, then judge that other all pairing Andrias davidianus Blanchards beyond numerous Andrias davidianus Blanchard are artificial propagation Andrias davidianus Blanchard, step on
Note, management, in ensuing feeding process, carry out injection of hormone and hasten parturition breeding, Andrias davidianus Blanchard through five-
Eight times injection of hormone is hastened parturition, or fertility substantially weakens, then transfers artificial propagation Andrias davidianus Blanchard to business
Product Andrias davidianus Blanchard, list marketing after short-term is fattened.
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| CN106614272A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-05-10 | 贵州省正安县农业科技大鲵发展有限公司 | Breeding pond easy for fishing giant salamander |
| CN107156036A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-09-15 | 湖北省房县秦楚源大鲵专业合作社 | Northwest of Hubei Province giant salamander imitates wild domesticating method |
| CN108541648A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-09-18 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of shrimps hatching water purifier |
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| CN111374072B (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2021-11-09 | 广东香良水产有限公司 | Water drainage type industrial aquaculture fish driving equipment |
| CN111758668A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-13 | 古丈县友谊农业综合开发有限责任公司 | Artificial breeding method for giant salamanders |
| CN113383743A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-14 | 广东海洋大学 | Aquatic seedling domesticating device and application thereof |
| CN114600830A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-06-10 | 长阳黎维大鲵养殖有限公司 | Bionic pond and method for promoting gonads of male salamanders and female salamanders to synchronously mature in bionic manner |
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