CN102771438A - Giant salamander culture facility and method for culturing giant salamander by using same - Google Patents
Giant salamander culture facility and method for culturing giant salamander by using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102771438A CN102771438A CN2011101182018A CN201110118201A CN102771438A CN 102771438 A CN102771438 A CN 102771438A CN 2011101182018 A CN2011101182018 A CN 2011101182018A CN 201110118201 A CN201110118201 A CN 201110118201A CN 102771438 A CN102771438 A CN 102771438A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a giant salamander culture facility and a method for culturing giant salamander by using the same. The facility and the method provided by the invention are used for culturing cryptobranchidae animals of the giant salamander, are particularly suitable for culturing the breeding giant salamander, and can also be used for culturing other amphibian and special fishes. The facility and the method provided by the invention aim at improving the breeding rate of the giant salamander and overcoming the defect of region and landform limitation in the prior art. The method provided by the invention has the technical scheme that a plurality of streams are built in an ecological room, the streams consist of perching holes, passages and foraging places, stream water exists in the streams, the water temperature, the water depth, the flow rate and the cleanness of the stream water are all automatically controlled by a water treatment system, vegetation beds are spread all over the streams, subtropical rain forest plants are in three-dimensional culture in the vegetation beds, the giant salamander lives in the perfect natural-like environment, and the breeding giant salamander breeding rate and the yield of commodity giant salamander are greatly improved. The implementation of the technology of the facility and the method provided by the invention is not limited by the region and the landform, and the implementation can be realized in occasions that artificial facilities can be built and underground water can be sucked.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of giant salamander culture facility and the method for utilizing this facility cultivation giant salamander, be used to culture Cryptobranchidae animal giant salamander, especially be fit to culture plant and use giant salamander, can also be used for the breed of other amphibian and extraordinary fish.
Background technology
Existing giant salamander culture facility can be divided into two big types: propagate facility and simulating nature ecologic breeding facility artificially." the efficient cultural technique of giant salamander " (Chemical Industry Press publishes and distributes in November, 2008 Beijing front page) chapter 5 the 4th joint and appendix nine disclose a kind of giant salamander and have propagated the field artificially; Its facility constitutes as shown in Figure 6; On a plot that fences up with body of wall, build a plurality of breed pond by laying bricks or stones; Salamander pond, close salamander pond, hatchery, young salamander pond etc. are wherein arranged into, in culturing the pond, inject water body and be used to culture giant salamander.This technology possesses significant beneficial effect, makes artificially-cultured giant salamander get into the industry stage by the exploratory stage.The weak point of this technology is that the ecosystem environment of its ecotope and giant salamander differs bigger; Cause growing not exclusively of giant salamander; Must impose overweight short numerous measure just can make giant salamander breed; Spawning rate of giant salamander and incubation rate are all lower, and the young salamander of the annual gained of a pair of close salamander is on the level of tens of tails.
" the efficient cultural technique of giant salamander " chapter 5 the 4th joint and appendix nine disclose a kind of simulating nature ecological breeding field, and its facility constitutes as shown in Figure 7, and simulating nature ecological breeding field has possessed more significant beneficial effect to the breed of giant salamander; Spawning rate and incubation rate have been improved; But not that simulated ecological is cultured with regard to its essence, but borrow ecologic breeding, normally the original producton location of wild giant salamander or ground with streams, mountain stream are transformed; Build some facilities; For example house, cut-off dam, flume, pond, duck eye, hole lid etc. are put into the salamander seedling then, impose labor management.The weak point of this technology is to receive the strictness restriction of region landforms, can't expand the large-scale commercial of giant salamander and culture.
Content of the present invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of giant salamander culture facility and utilizes the method for this facility cultivation giant salamander, overcome prior art culture the giant salamander breeding rate low, to weak points such as the region landforms are strict.
The present invention solves the deficiency of prior art through following technical scheme.
Can draw the phreatic local ecological room of building on the spot, in the ecological room building ravine, at least one streams; The ravine, streams is formed by perching hole, passage, feeding ground three part one, perches each end that hole, feeding ground are positioned at the ravine, streams; Hole one end of perching in ravine, streams has outlet pipe, and the back connects water gauge outside the outlet pipe pass-out hole; Feeding ground one end in ravine, streams has Water injection tap, and Water injection tap injects the gill water from water treatment system to the ravine, streams; Be covered with the vegetation bed around in the ravine, streams.
Utilize the method for giant salamander culture facility cultivation giant salamander to be described below: the evergreen plant of in the vegetation bed, planting, feeding ground and young salamander pond area separately have at least 1/2nd can be blocked by the branches and leaves of evergreen plant; With ravine, streams, water gauge, water treatment system, build nest sand, cobble and give sterilization, clean, the pH value that causes gill water remains between 6.5～7.5;
Go out the h value according to computes,
h＝h
1+h
2-h
3-h
4
In the formula: h
1-build nest sand highly;
h
2-build the height of plane to the gill water surface on the nest sand;
h
3-overcome ravine, streams, the required water-head height of water gauge internal resistance;
h
4-overcome the required water-head height of gill water transport kinetic viscosity;
With bottom face, ravine, streams is ± 0, drives discharge opening and places on the h value height; Do the cold water source with underground water, make cold water source with refrigeration ice slush water; Make microcomputer reach setting value with PID program calling and controlling gill coolant-temperature gage; In the anniversary Various Seasonal, the temperature range of gill water is 3～25 ℃; Start water treatment system completely, gill water is continued, on average injects each ravine, streams; The regulation and control Water injection tap is controlled at 10～60 cm per minute with the flow velocity of gill water; The flow velocity of said gill water is that measurement zone is measured with the passage; In the ravine, streams, throw in the salamander seedling; Giant salamander is carried out feeding and management.
Further improving is to throw in a tail kind salamander to ravine, every streams to raise; Treat that certain tail kind salamander gets into post-estrus, the opposite sex kind salamander of selecting another tail to get into oestrus is incorporated in the close salamander that partners in the ravine, a streams; Before female salamander between the egg-laying period, male salamander row are smart, flexible pipe is switched to the short circuit pipe; Produced female salamander and after ovum, male salamander are arranged smart 12 hours for the last time flexible pipe have been switched to outlet pipe, simultaneously female salamander has been shifted out this ravine, streams; After treating that the whole hatchings of salamander ovum are young salamander, male salamander is shifted out this ravine, streams; Young salamander moved on in the young salamander pond in batches raise; Female, male salamander is retracted ravine, former streams to continue to raise.
Culture giant salamander with giant salamander culture facility of the present invention and cultural method thereof and produced significant beneficial effect: giant salamander live in one with the similar artificial ecoenvironment of original producton location natural environment in; Can accomplish according to the biological nature of self and grow; Therefore; The breeding rate of giant salamander improves, and the annual egg laying amount of the female salamander of single tail can reach more than 500; The incubation rate of salamander ovum can reach more than 70%.
Each envirment factor in the giant salamander culture facility of the present invention can be controlled, and particularly water environment is controlled automatically, and is simple and easy to do to the feeding and management of giant salamander.
Culture giant salamander with giant salamander culture facility of the present invention and cultural method thereof, the restriction that can break the region landforms, but can build artificial facility, draw equal large-scale commercial breed giant salamander on the landforms of phreatic any region.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is giant salamander culture facility structure figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the A-A profile of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the B-B profile of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the C-C profile of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the water treatment system sketch map.
Fig. 6 is that existing giant salamander is propagated a plane artificially.
Fig. 7 is an existing simulating nature ecological breeding field plane.
Embodiment
Give to specify below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
Giant salamander has formed self unique biological habit in wild environment, biological nature can only have been complied with the biological nature of giant salamander along being contrary to, and the giant salamander normal growth is grown, and then improves breeding rate.Giant salamander culture facility of the present invention focuses on that establishment is near giant salamander ecological cave environment, water environment, phytogenic medium.
Like Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, building ravine, at least one streams (6) in ecological room, present embodiment is built ravine, six streams in an ecological room.The ravine, streams is linked in sequence and forms by perching hole (8), passage (14), feeding ground (20), perches each end that hole, feeding ground lay respectively at the ravine, streams.The ravine, streams is to supply with the place that giant salamander multiplies and lives; The selection that giant salamander is had nothing in common with each other to the place of looking for food outside the channel in cave, hole, turnover cave, the hole; Therefore; Three parts in ravine, streams need design respectively, but in implementation process, build up three part one, need the three not made the back butt joint respectively.The matrix in ravine, streams (29) forms with the pouring of armored concrete one, and the inwall in ravine, streams is vertical setting.After reinforcement is solidified in the ravine, streams that pouring forms; Dress (27) in the inner surface sticking brick forms the ravine, dress should use near limestone color and luster or dark, dark-coloured ceramic tile and paste in the ravine, and the habit of giant salamander is to hide by day and come out at night; Fear bright light environments, dress can make that giant salamander is stable lives in dark, the dark-coloured ravine.
Behind the dress, the living environment of giant salamander further is set, plug-in mounting stone matter hole card (15) on a cross section in passage stage casing in the completion ravine; The bottom of hole card is cut off a part and is formed hole (16); The hole card can load and unload at any time, and purpose is the hole of selecting size to be fit to for giant salamander, and giant salamander is liked little hole; Be not less than under the wide 1.2 times prerequisite of giant salamander body, the hole is suitable little unsuitable big.Giant salamander likes the swimming row to dislike creeping through the hole time, and therefore, the bottom at hole should be submerged in the water, surfaces in the top at hole, is convenient to the air entering and perches the hole.
The position of avoiding the hole card in channel bottom is provided with sediment trapping pier (28); The effect of sediment trapping pier is to make to build nest sand (26) and be fixed on and perch hole one side; Building nest sand provides to close salamander and does nest and establish; As culture young salamander or young salamander and can not establish that to build nest husky and substitute with cobble, build the husky granularity of nest and be mixed into suitable with 0.3 to 2 millimeter.One side is laid cobble (31) in sediment trapping pier feeding ground, and cobble cloth becomes domatic, with passage in opposite directions the cobble of an end expose the gill water surface (18), this laying mode is convenient to giant salamander and is selected to wait the food mode.Sediment trapping pier, the joining place of building nest sand, cobble three should seamlessly transit, and must not produce step.
In the feeding ground, be higher than cobble 20 centimeters and be horizontally disposed with at least one stone (30) of hiding soon, in pasting the hole, will hide during dress on the inwall that stone is embedded in the feeding ground, outside must not have to hide stone each to support.Giant salamander hides the head but show the tail running into to be satisfied with after stress environment, head is hidden in hides Shi Xiake giant salamander is returned to normal rapidly, continues to wait food.
After laying between the streams is accomplished, will perch the hole button sternly with hole top cover (9); Reserve manhole (10) on the top cover of hole, personnel can be through carrying out regular cleaning and sterilization to perching under the manhole in the hole; (13) are tight with the manhole button by manhole cover; Reserve peep hole (12) on the manhole cover, with handhole cover (11) that the peep hole button is tight.Hole top cover, manhole cover, handhole cover are all made with armored concrete, and wherein manhole cover and handhole cover can be opened.
Present embodiment is set the kind salamander of culturing for 5 to 8 ages, and body is about 80 centimetres, and body is wide about 16 centimetres; Be designed to accordingly: the radial dimension of perching the hole is 90 centimetres, and the radial dimension in feeding ground is 130 centimetres, and width of channel is 25 centimetres; The width of hole card is 25 centimetres; The width at hole is 20 centimetres, and the length of hiding stone is 27 centimetres, and width is 16 centimetres.Building the husky applied thickness of nest is 10 centimetres.
Three pipelines that flow out gill water are arranged among the ravine, streams, be respectively outlet pipe (32), emptying pipe (36), short circuit pipe (34), three's function is different; It is relevant with function that the orientation is set is also different; The function of outlet pipe is to make gill water in the ravine, streams, to flow completely, and can not take away and build nest sand, so; Outlet pipe is embedded in the ravine, streams with level and is arranged in the matrix of perching hole one end, and it is perched port integral body in the hole and is higher than and builds plane on the nest sand; The function of emptying pipe be cleaning, arrangement can gill water be put during the ravine, streams dried, so the port of emptying pipe in perching the hole is close to and adorned the bottom face in the ravine; Vertical edge, back is stretched to being lower than and is adorned the bottom face in the ravine outside the outlet pipe pass-out hole, and the emptying pipe is horizontally set on the below of outlet pipe again, and this scheme is for the emptying pipe can be logical with level and water outlet manifold, converges and leads to the shared flexible pipe of back two pipes; The function of short circuit pipe is to make gill water local flow in the ravine, streams, and the gill water of perching cavity portion is in relative static conditions, so the short circuit pipe is embedded in the joint portion of perching hole and passage with level.The local flow state of gill water only is used for the salamander feritilization of ovum period, and in this period, except that the short circuit effect, other function of short circuit pipe is identical with outlet pipe, so short circuit pipe and outlet pipe are with footpath and height such as grade.
Feeding ground one end in ravine, streams has Water injection tap (21), and Water injection tap injects the gill water (17) from water treatment system (62) to the ravine, streams, and the function of Water injection tap is to adjust the flow velocity of gill water in the ravine, every streams respectively.
If building ravine, many streams in ecological room, vegetation bed (23) is made in the plot between the ravine, streams, and the humus soil of at least 50 cm thicks is arranged in the vegetation bed.
Like Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4, hole one end of perching in ravine, streams is provided with water gauge (33).When giant salamander is selected the habitat in wild environment, water environment is required very strictness, giant salamander is liked water of constant depth, continues mobile, the appropriate clean transparent water environment of water temperature.In order to let giant salamander obtain water of constant depth, continue mobile water environment, hole one end of perching in the ravine, streams is provided with water gauge, and water gauge is made up of flexible pipe (37), discharge opening (39), header tank (40), driving mechanism (38).Discharge opening is installed on the driving mechanism, and driving mechanism can drive discharge opening and change the place height; The gill water that discharge opening will overflow leaks in the header tank.The tip of flexible pipe is connected with outlet pipe (32), and the other end is connected with discharge opening, and completion is formed a linker by ravine, streams, outlet pipe, flexible pipe, discharge opening after connecting; According to the principle of linker, the height of the gill water surface (18) and the height of discharge opening are consistent.Fix on the height with the drive mechanism discharge opening, if having gill water constantly to inject the ravine, streams this moment, gill water keeps flowing under the constant prerequisite of water surface elevation.The tip of flexible pipe can switch to the short circuit pipe, after switch accomplishing, forms a linker by ravine, streams, short circuit pipe, flexible pipe, discharge opening, gill water in the feeding ground, the channel section local flow.
Near the position of upper edge wasteway (41) is set at header tank.If there is new water source to add in the ravine, streams, additional gill water can be discharged into the appointed place along wasteway.
The lowest part that discharge opening can arrive should be lower than emptying pipe position.
As shown in Figure 4, emptying pipe, outlet pipe, the port of short circuit pipe in perching the hole have the cobble stacking to stop, in case giant salamander pierces in the pipeline.
As shown in Figure 5; In order to let giant salamander obtain the clean transparent water environment of water temperature appropriateness; Water treatment system (62) is set in the downstream of water gauge; Water treatment system is linked in sequence and is formed by tubing pump (42), coarse filter (43), fine filter (45), a water transfer pond (47), secondary water transfer pond (49), disinfect box (55), feed pipe (22), and water treatment system is accomplished filtration, temperature adjustment, oxygenation to gill water, sterilizes and circulation power is provided.Tubing pump is the power source of gill water circulation, device the upper reaches of coarse filter and on connect header tank (40), in order to prevent the life of the noise jamming giant salamander that tubing pump sends, tubing pump should be added a cover blimp or kept corresponding distance with ecological room.By coarse filter, fine filter gill water is carried out double-filtration, filter medium adopts plank frame, and the coarse filtration medium (44) of present embodiment adopts the fiber filter plate, and smart filter medium (46) adopts the activated carbon box.
Gill water through double-filtration flows into once water transfer pond (47); There is cold water source (57) to feed in the water transfer pond, serial connection magnetic valve B (58) in the conveyance conduit of cold water source, the first temperature sensor (52) that is located in the fine filter is transferred to microcomputer with the water temperature information of obtaining; Microcomputer utilizes the keying of PID programme-control magnetic valve B; And then the quantity in a water transfer pond of entering, control cold water source, mix with gill water in the cold water source of entering, makes the water temperature in the water transfer pond near temperature is set with this.Mixed water impeller (48) is set in the water transfer pond, its objective is to let the cold water source that gets into fully mix, be convenient to the real water temperature of temperature adjustment degree sensor (a 53) perception with gill water.
Gill water through a temperature adjustment flows into secondary water transfer pond (49); There is cold water source (59) to feed in the secondary water transfer pond; Serial connection magnetic valve C (60) in the cold water source conveyance conduit; Be located at the temperature adjustment degree sensor (53) in the water transfer pond water temperature information of obtaining is transferred to microcomputer, microcomputer utilizes the keying of PID programme-control magnetic valve C, and then the quantity in control cold water source entering secondary water transfer pond; The cold water source that gets into mixes with gill water, with this water temperature in secondary water transfer pond is accurately reached temperature is set.Oxygenation wheel (50) is set in the secondary water transfer pond gill water is implemented oxygenation, simultaneously, the oxygenation wheel can also play the effect that continues to mix water.
Downstream in secondary water transfer pond, the online disinfect box (55) that flows through of gill water, present embodiment adopt ultraviolet ray that gill water is carried out disinfection.
The end of water treatment system is a feed pipe, and each is communicated with all Water injection tap (21) behind the feed pipe serial connection magnetic valve A.The unsettled setting of the end face of Water injection tap is dashed with supplied gill water and to be pounded cobble, sends water and rings, and submerges in the gill water like the end face with Water injection tap, and the Chinese percussion instrument choke valve (61) of then need fetching boiling water makes water Chinese percussion instrument (19) send singing of the stream.
Two temperature adjustment degree sensors (54) are set in secondary water transfer pond are in order to control the keying of magnetic valve A (56), if the temperature of gill water does not still reach setting value in the secondary water transfer pond, magnetic valve A will be controlled as closed condition, and feed pipe stops to supply water.If magnetic valve A is controlled as closed condition, the gill water surface in the water treatment system will continue to rise, and when the gill water surface rose to liquid level gauge (51) place height, tubing pump (42) also was controlled as closed condition.Should sound and the signal alarm this moment.
Ravine, streams, water gauge, water treatment system are linked in sequence into the circulatory system, and under tubing pump promoted, gill water circulated in the circulatory system, and loop direction is to flow to the ravine, streams from water treatment system to flow to water gauge again and flow back to water treatment system again.
Like Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3; Described ecological room (5) is an expanded letter greenhouse by solar heat; Will there be maximized daylighting area in ecological room; At first will satisfy the photosynthetic needs of evergreen plant, daylighting face (2) all uses light transmissive material (3) to cover, and the light transmissive material that present embodiment adopts is that the double-deck hollow of Merlon is pulled.The room wall (7) in ecological room is built by laying bricks or stones with common brick and is formed at least 37 centimeters of the thickness of north, east, west three face wall bodies.Back domatic (1) covers with at least 10 centimeters thick polrvinyl benzene composite boards.Room, north wall is provided with a plurality of rear windows (4) near the position, roof; Near surface location a plurality of front windows (25) are set at daylighting face; The gross area of rear window and front window should be able to reach: after rear window and front window are all opened, under the effect of 2～moderate breeze power, changed once air within doors in maximum 45 minutes fully.Building a plurality of young salamanders ponds (24) on the vacant ground in ecological room; Young salamander pond adjacent regions is with vegetation bed (23); Young salamander is in yolk sac nutrition period; A little less than its life mechanism is highly brittle, young salamander pond and ravine, the streams room that exists together is convenient to short distance and is shifted young salamander, young salamander can not stood stress stimulation because of environmental difference.
The present invention utilizes the method for giant salamander culture facility cultivation giant salamander, and details are as follows set by step.
Step (a), as shown in Figure 3, before in the ravine, streams, putting giant salamander in a suitable place to breed, must in the vegetation bed, cultivate evergreen plant (35), make it to become artificial plant group, whether plant community forms alive being as the criterion of plant one-tenth to be cultivated.In wild environment, giant salamander lives in the shallow and clean flowing water, is easy to suffer the attack of the bird of prey, selects dense plant community symbiosis to become the habit of giant salamander.In the present embodiment, described evergreen plant is selected the hylaeion hypotropicum plant, and tree and shrubs is main with palm, fishtail palm, bajiao banana, Da Ye banyan etc.; Liana, tolerant plant are main with Monstera deliciosa, epipremnum aureum, arrowroot etc.; Soil surface is used the pteridophyte closing; The cobble inoculation liver moss that exposes the gill water surface; Put some Eichhornia crassipes on the gill water surface in a suitable place to breed; After evergreen plant cloth is set up physique office, shrub and liane are done the training processing, block feeding ground and young salamander pond more than 1/2nd of area separately with its branches and leaves.
Step (b) is with ravine, streams, water gauge, water treatment system and build that nest sand, cobble etc. soak, sterilization, clean.In the construction of giant salamander culture facility, various raw materials, auxiliary material can be brought acid, alkaline matter into, for example: still can separate out calcium carbonate behind the concrete curing; Pump, valve can be brought mineral grease or the like into, and these acid, alkaline matter can influence the normal activities of giant salamander, must give to remove; Soak more than 45 days with clear water to total system; Changed a clear water in per five days, and, cleaned repeatedly repeatedly thereafter then with potassium permanganate or formalin sterilization; The pH value that causes gill water at last is stabilized between 6.5～7.5, and no a large amount of bacterial strains in the water.
Step (c) goes out the h value according to computes.
h＝h
1+h
2-h
3-h
4
In the formula:
h
1-build the husky height of nest, present embodiment is 10 centimetres.
h
2-build the height of plane to the gill water surface on the nest sand, h
2Value is decided the demands of different of gill water depth according to the giant salamander of all ages and classes, and present embodiment is 25 centimetres.
h
3-overcoming the required water-head height of current internal resistance in ravine, streams, emptying pipe, outlet pipe, flexible pipe, the discharge opening, present embodiment is 2 centimetres.
h
4-overcoming the required water-head height of gill water transport kinetic viscosity, present embodiment is 1 centimetre.
In embodiment value substitution formula:
h＝10+25-2-1＝32(cm)
Step (d), bottom face, ravine, streams is made as ± 0, with driving mechanism discharge opening is placed on 32 cm heights.
Step (e) is done the cold water source with underground water, makes cold water source with refrigeration ice slush water.In north latitude 30 to the 43 degree zones of China, build the ecological room (South China need not to build ecological room) with greenhouse by solar heat performance, its environmental temperature within doors is higher than the right unboiled water temperature of giant salamander on year-on-year basis all the time, and the temperature of gill water is rising situation; Therefore, be unidirectional cooling all the time to the temperature adjustment of gill water, simultaneously; In above-mentioned zone; Underground water temperature apart from the face of land below 30 meters all between 4～9 ℃, is done the cold water source with underground water gill water is carried out temperature adjustment, can reach the right unboiled water temperature of giant salamander basically; In indivedual seasons, for example the resting stage of giant salamander, fall less than 3～5 ℃ like water temperature, then need inject a spot of refrigeration ice slush water can solve.
Step (f) starts water treatment system, is setting value with giant salamander in the required water temperature of Various Seasonal; Make microcomputer reach design temperature with PID program calling and controlling gill water.
Step (g), in the anniversary Various Seasonal, the temperature range of gill water is 3～25 ℃.Said 3～25 ℃ is the anniversary temperature range, is not the real-time temperature scope, wherein a kind of method for regulating temperature of present embodiment narration: at the beginning of 11 months, begin to reduce the gill coolant-temperature gage; In water treatment system, change setting value; Reduce by 1 ℃ every day, treat that the gill coolant-temperature gage kept this temperature 15 days when reducing to 8 ℃, continued reduced the gill coolant-temperature gage in 15 days; Still reduce by 1 ℃ every day, treat that the gill coolant-temperature gage keeps this temperature to the coming year when reducing to 3 ℃; Begin temperature raising mid-February in the coming year, in water treatment system, changes setting value, improved 1 ℃ in per 3 days, treats that the gill coolant-temperature gage kept this temperature 7～10 days when rising to 10 ℃, continues temperature raising thereafter, improved 1 ℃ in per 2 days; When treating that the gill coolant-temperature gage rises to 16 ℃, accelerate temperature raising speed, improve 1 ℃ every day, reach 23 ℃ until the gill coolant-temperature gage.
Step (h); Start water treatment system completely, make gill water continue, on average inject each ravine, streams, discharge opening begins to sluice after the gill water surface (18) reaches 35 centimeters height; Gill water continues to flow in the ravine, streams; The regulation and control Water injection tap is controlled at 20 cm per minute with the flow velocity of gill water, and the flow velocity of said gill water is that measurement zone is measured with the passage.
Step (i) is thrown in the salamander seedling in the ravine, streams.
Step (j) is carried out feeding and management to giant salamander.
If utilize giant salamander culture facility cultivation kind salamander, also details are as follows in steps:
Step (k) is thrown in a tail kind salamander and is raised in ravine, every streams.Culture kind of salamander different be maximum with culturing the commodity salamander: culturing kind of a salamander is a ravine one tail, and culturing the commodity salamander is the many tails in a ravine.
Step (l) treats that certain tail kind salamander gets into post-estrus, and the opposite sex kind salamander of selecting another tail to get into oestrus is incorporated in the close salamander that partners in the ravine, a streams, generally is the ravine, streams that male salamander is moved into female salamander place.
Step (m); Before female salamander between the egg-laying period, male salamander row are smart, flexible pipe is switched to the short circuit pipe; During giant salamander row essence, there is not water body mobile but that have the slope to move the most helpful, after flexible pipe switches to the short circuit pipe to the salamander feritilization of ovum; Gill water flows out from perching hole and the short circuit of passage joint portion, and the gill water of perching in the hole presents the state that does not have to flow but have the slope to move.
Step (n) has been produced female salamander and after ovum, male salamander are arranged smart 12 hours for the last time flexible pipe have been switched back outlet pipe, simultaneously female salamander is shifted out this ravine, streams, and in wild environment, male salamander row essence afterwards female salamander is just independently left, and all protects ovum by male salamander between the incubation period;
Step (o) when treating the salamander ovum all hatching is for young salamander, is retracted ravine, former streams with male salamander.This measure is eaten up young salamander for preventing male salamander.
Step (p) moves on to young salamander in the young salamander pond in batches raises.
Step (q) is retracted this ravine, streams with female salamander and is continued to raise.
Claims (10)
1. a giant salamander culture facility comprises and perches hole, gill water, vegetation bed, it is characterized in that, in ecological room (5) building ravine, at least one streams (6); The ravine, streams is formed by perching hole (8), passage (14), feeding ground (20) three part one, perches each end that hole, feeding ground are positioned at the ravine, streams; Hole one end of perching in ravine, streams has outlet pipe (32), and the back connects water gauge (33) outside the outlet pipe pass-out hole; Feeding ground one end in ravine, streams has Water injection tap (21), and Water injection tap injects the gill water (17) from water treatment system (62) to the ravine, streams; Be covered with vegetation bed (23) around in the ravine, streams.
2. giant salamander culture facility according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Perch hole, feeding ground and passage each side in opposite directions and be expanded; The radially minimum dimension of perching the hole is long 1.1 times of the instant body of giant salamander, and the radially minimum dimension in feeding ground is long 1.6 times of the instant body of giant salamander, and the minimum widith of passage is wide 1.5 times of the instant body of giant salamander; Stone matter hole card (15) is installed on the cross section of passage, and the bottom of hole card is cut off a part and is formed hole (16), and the minimum widith at hole is wide 1.2 times of the instant body of giant salamander; The top of perching the hole has hole top cover (9) button tight, reserves manhole (10) on the top cover of hole, and the manhole top has manhole cover (13) button tight, reserves peep hole (12) on the manhole cover, and the peep hole top has handhole cover (11) button tight, and wherein manhole cover and handhole cover can be opened.
3. giant salamander culture facility according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the matrix in ravine, streams (29) forms with the pouring of armored concrete one, or builds by laying bricks or stones and form with brick, stone one; It is to adorn (27) in the ravine that the inner surface of matrix uses ceramic tile or level and smooth slabstone to paste; The position of avoiding the hole card in channel bottom is provided with sediment trapping pier (28), and hole one side of perching of sediment trapping pier is built nest sand (26) until perching the hole laying, and feeding ground one side of sediment trapping pier is laid cobble (31) until the feeding ground; In the feeding ground, be higher than 15 to 25 centimeters places of cobble and be horizontally disposed with at least one and hide stone (30), the minimum length of hiding stone be equivalent to the instant body of giant salamander long 1/3rd, it is wide that minimum widith is equivalent to the instant body of giant salamander; At arbitrary position, the upper edge in feeding ground water Chinese percussion instrument (19) is set.
4. giant salamander culture facility according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Outlet pipe (32) is embedded in the ravine, streams with level and is arranged in the matrix of perching hole one end, and the port integral body in its hole is higher than builds plane on the nest sand, and vertical edge, back is stretched to being lower than and adorned the bottom face in the ravine outside the pass-out hole; Lower horizontal at outlet pipe is provided with emptying pipe (36), and the port of emptying pipe in the hole is close to and adorned the bottom face in the ravine, and the back is converged logical with vertical section of outlet pipe outside the emptying pipe pass-out hole; Be horizontally disposed with short circuit pipe (34) in the joint portion of perching hole and passage; Short circuit pipe and outlet pipe are with footpath and height such as grade.
5. giant salamander culture facility according to claim 1 is characterized in that, water gauge (33) is made up of flexible pipe (37), discharge opening (39), driving mechanism (38), header tank (40); The tip of flexible pipe is connected with outlet pipe (32), and the other end is connected with discharge opening, and completion is formed a linker by ravine, streams, outlet pipe, flexible pipe, discharge opening after connecting; The tip of flexible pipe can switch to the short circuit pipe, after accomplishing switching, forms a linker by ravine, streams, short circuit pipe, flexible pipe, discharge opening; Discharge opening is installed on the driving mechanism (38), and driving mechanism can drive discharge opening and change the place height; The gill water that discharge opening will overflow leaks in the header tank (40), and header tank has wasteway (41) near the position of upper edge.
6. giant salamander culture facility according to claim 1; It is characterized in that water treatment system (62) is linked in sequence and is formed by tubing pump (42), coarse filter (43), fine filter (45), a water transfer pond (47), secondary water transfer pond (49), disinfect box (55), feed pipe (22); Tubing pump is in the tip of water treatment system and draws the gill water in the header tank (40); Be provided with coarse filtration medium (44) in the coarse filter; Be provided with smart filter medium (46) in the fine filter, there is first temperature sensor (52) at its outlet position; Be provided with mixed water impeller (48) in the water transfer pond, there is a temperature adjustment degree sensor (53) at its outlet position; Be provided with oxygenation wheel (50) in the secondary water transfer pond, there are two temperature adjustment degree sensors (54) at its outlet position, and a water transfer pond is injected through magnetic valve B (58) in cold water source (57); Cold water source (59) injects secondary water transfer pond through magnetic valve C (60); Liquid level gauge (51) is arranged at top, secondary water transfer pond; The ultraviolet radiation pipe is set in the disinfect box; The end of water treatment system (62) is feed pipe (22), and each is communicated with feed pipe and all Water injection tap (21).
7. giant salamander culture facility according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Ravine, streams (6), water gauge (33), water treatment system (62) are linked in sequence into the circulatory system; Under tubing pump (42) promoted, gill water (17) circulated in the circulatory system, and loop direction is to flow to the ravine, streams from water treatment system to flow to water gauge again and flow back to water treatment system again.
8. giant salamander culture facility according to claim 1 is characterized in that, ecological room (5) are crowded around by room wall (7) Zi Bei, east, west three faces; Back domatic (1) and daylighting face (2) are formed the roof; Adverse grade faces northwards, and daylighting faces southwards, and daylighting face all uses light transmissive material (3) to cover; Wall is provided with a plurality of rear windows (4) near the position, roof in the room, north, near surface location a plurality of front windows (25) is set at daylighting face; Building a plurality of young salamanders ponds (24) on the vacant ground in ecological room, young salamander pond adjacent regions is with vegetation bed (23).
9. method of utilizing any one described giant salamander culture facility cultivation giant salamander in the claim 1 to 8 comprises step:
(a) evergreen plant (35) of in vegetation bed (23), planting; Arbor, shrub, liana, draft, sun plant, tolerant plant mix into three-dimensional general layout in the evergreen plant of being planted, and feeding ground (20) and young salamander pond (24) area separately have at least 1/2nd can be blocked by the branches and leaves of evergreen plant;
(b) with ravine, streams, water gauge, water treatment system, build nest sand, cobble and give sterilization, clean, the pH value that causes gill water remains between 6.5～7.5;
(c) go out the h value according to computes,
h＝h
1+h
2-h
3-h
4
In the formula: h
1-build nest sand highly,
h
2-build the height of plane to the gill water surface (18) on the nest sand,
h
3-overcome ravine, streams, the required water-head height of water gauge internal resistance,
h
4-overcome the required water-head height of gill water transport kinetic viscosity;
(d) be ± 0 with bottom face, ravine, streams, drive discharge opening (39) and place on the h value height;
(e) do the cold water source with underground water, make cold water source with refrigeration ice slush water;
(f) in the PID program, set giant salamander at required gill coolant-temperature gage in corresponding season; Make microcomputer carry out follow procedure: the keying of the water temperature information Control magnetic valve B (58) that obtains according to first temperature sensor (52); The keying of the water temperature information Control magnetic valve C (60) that obtains according to a temperature adjustment degree sensor (53), and then regulate and control gill water (17) temperature with the injection rate of cold water source (57) and cold water source (59) and reach setting value;
(g) in the anniversary Various Seasonal, the temperature range of gill water is 3～25 ℃;
(h) start water treatment system completely, gill water is continued, on average injects each ravine, streams; When the gill water surface (18) reaches h+h
3+ h
4Discharge opening behind the height (39) begins to sluice, and gill water continues to flow in the ravine, streams; The flow of regulation and control Water injection taps (21) is controlled at 10～60 cm per minute with the flow velocity of gill water, and the flow velocity of said gill water is that measurement zone is measured with passage (14).
(i) in the ravine, streams, throw in the salamander seedling;
(j) giant salamander is carried out feeding and management.
10. method according to claim 9 is characterized in that, if utilize giant salamander culture facility cultivation kind salamander, also comprises step:
(k) in ravine, every streams, throwing in a tail kind salamander raises;
(l) treat that certain tail kind salamander gets into post-estrus, the opposite sex kind salamander of selecting another tail to get into oestrus is incorporated in the close salamander that partners in the ravine, a streams;
(m) before female salamander between the egg-laying period, male salamander row are smart, flexible pipe is switched to the short circuit pipe;
(n) produced female salamander and after ovum, male salamander are arranged smart 12 hours for the last time flexible pipe has been switched to outlet pipe, simultaneously female salamander has been shifted out this ravine, streams;
(o) treat the salamander ovum all hatching for behind the young salamander male salamander is shifted out this ravine, streams;
(p) young salamander is moved on in the young salamander pond in batches raise;
(q) female, male salamander being retracted ravine, former streams continues to raise.
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| CN103329847A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-10-02 | 句容市龙泉大鲵繁殖中心 | Water circulation giant salamander culture pond equipped with feeding platform |
| CN103493781A (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2014-01-08 | 无为县清源特种水产养殖专业合作社 | Giant salamander breeding facility |
| CN103503827A (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2014-01-15 | 无为县清源特种水产养殖专业合作社 | Giant salamander cultivation water circulation facility |
| CN103535321A (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2014-01-29 | 无为县清源特种水产养殖专业合作社 | Large-scale giant salamander aquaculture facility |
| CN103583420A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-02-19 | 王德奎 | Bionic giant salamander reproduction method |
| CN104872044A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2015-09-02 | 黄山市休宁县珍稀水生动物研究所 | Acrossocheilus fasciatus parent fish pond |
| CN105830970A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-10 | 山东省淡水渔业研究院 | Giant salamander breeding method considering imitative ecological reproduction and artificial reproduction |
| CN107318776A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-07 | 正安县正鲵养殖农民专业合作社 | Giant salamander culture saves cultural method |
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| CN111374089A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-07-07 | 句容市水产技术指导站 | Bionic giant salamander breeding system |
| CN112772554A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 浙江大学 | Method for improving rate of emergence of giant salamanders in breeding |
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| CN103535321A (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2014-01-29 | 无为县清源特种水产养殖专业合作社 | Large-scale giant salamander aquaculture facility |
| CN103583420A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-02-19 | 王德奎 | Bionic giant salamander reproduction method |
| CN104872044A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2015-09-02 | 黄山市休宁县珍稀水生动物研究所 | Acrossocheilus fasciatus parent fish pond |
| CN105830970A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-10 | 山东省淡水渔业研究院 | Giant salamander breeding method considering imitative ecological reproduction and artificial reproduction |
| CN107318776A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-07 | 正安县正鲵养殖农民专业合作社 | Giant salamander culture saves cultural method |
| CN107372342A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-11-24 | 开县泰旭农业综合开发有限公司 | A kind of disease prevention and cure method in giant salamander breeding process |
| CN111374089A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-07-07 | 句容市水产技术指导站 | Bionic giant salamander breeding system |
| CN111248116A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-06-09 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | Method for evaluating influence of external acting force on fish community |
| CN112772554A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 浙江大学 | Method for improving rate of emergence of giant salamanders in breeding |
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