CN105777135A - 一种碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105777135A
CN105777135A CN201610124319.4A CN201610124319A CN105777135A CN 105777135 A CN105777135 A CN 105777135A CN 201610124319 A CN201610124319 A CN 201610124319A CN 105777135 A CN105777135 A CN 105777135A
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刘佩佩
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种碳化硅‑硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，由以下按照物质的量份数的原料组成：碳化钼粉末78‑84份、碳化硼粉末17‑22份、硅粉100‑108份、纳米氧化钽粉末3‑8份。本发明还提供了所述碳化硅‑硼化钼复合陶瓷材料的制备方法。本发明制备的碳化硅‑硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，抗弯强度为786.7‑880.2Mpa，断裂韧性为6.3‑6.8Mpa·m1/2，抗弯强度及断裂韧性均表现优异，有利于拓展碳化硅陶瓷的应用范围。

Description

一种碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷复合材料技术领域，具体是一种碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
陶瓷的发展史是中华文明史的一个重要的组成部分，中国作为四大文明古国之一，为人类社会的进步和发展做出了卓越的贡献，其中陶瓷的发明和发展更具有独特的意义，中国历史上各朝各代有着不同艺术风格和不同技术特点。随着近代科学技术的发展，近百年来又出现了许多新的陶瓷品种。它们不再使用或很少使用粘土、长石、石英等传统陶瓷原料，而是使用其他特殊原料，甚至扩大到非硅酸盐，非氧化物的范围，并且出现了许多新的工艺。美国和欧洲一些国家的文献已将“Ceramic”一词理解为各种无机非金属固体材料的通称。因此陶瓷的含义实际上已远远超越过去狭窄的传统观念了。
碳化硅陶瓷是一种应用较早且应用较为广泛的金属陶瓷。碳化硅陶瓷不仅具有优良的常温力学性能，如高的抗弯强度、优良的抗氧化性、良好的耐腐蚀性、高的抗磨损以及低的摩擦系数，而且高温力学性能(强度、抗蠕变性等)也表现优异。然而纯的碳化硅陶瓷难以烧结致密，这就制约了其各项力学性能的提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料及其制备方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，由以下按照物质的量份数的原料组成：碳化钼粉末78-84份、碳化硼粉末17-22份、硅粉100-108份、纳米氧化钽粉末3-8份。
作为本发明进一步的方案：由以下按照物质的量份数的原料组成：碳化钼粉末79-83份、碳化硼粉末18-21份、硅粉102-106份、纳米氧化钽粉末4-7份。
作为本发明再进一步的方案：由以下按照物质的量份数的原料组成：碳化钼粉末82份、碳化硼粉末20份、硅粉104份、纳米氧化钽粉末5份。
所述碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料的制备方法，步骤如下：
1)称取碳化钼粉末、碳化硼粉末和硅粉，放入球磨罐中，以无水乙醇作为分散介质，球磨15-18h，获得第一分散液；
2)将第一分散液置于真空干燥箱中，在120-130℃下真空干燥3-5h，以去除无水乙醇，获得第一混合粉料；
3)将第一混合粉料投入热压烧结炉中，在惰性气体的氛围下进行预烧结处理，获得预烧结料，预烧结温度为1200-1250℃，预烧结时间为1-2h；
4)将预烧结料粉碎，获得预烧结粉末，称取纳米氧化钽粉末，将纳米氧化钽粉末与预烧结粉末合并，以无水乙醇作为分散介质，球磨20-25h，获得第二分散液；
5)将第二分散液置于真空干燥箱中，在140-150℃下真空干燥4-6h，以去除无水乙醇，获得第二混合粉料；
6)将第二混合粉料经冷压成型后，投入热压烧结炉中，在惰性气体的氛围下进行烧结处理，获得碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，烧结温度为1850-1950℃，烧结方法为：首先以15℃/min升温至1550-1600℃，保温2-3h，然后以10℃/min升温至烧结温度，保温1h，自然冷却即可。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明制备的碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，抗弯强度为786.7-880.2Mpa，断裂韧性为6.3-6.8Mpa·m1/2，抗弯强度及断裂韧性均表现优异，有利于拓展碳化硅陶瓷的应用范围，本发明通过添加纳米氧化钽粉末，能够增强碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料的抗弯强度及断裂韧性。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。
实施例1
一种碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，由以下按照物质的量份数的原料组成：碳化钼粉末78份、碳化硼粉末17份、硅粉100份、纳米氧化钽粉末3份。
本实施例中所述碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料的制备方法，步骤如下：
1)称取碳化钼粉末、碳化硼粉末和硅粉，放入球磨罐中，以无水乙醇作为分散介质，球磨15h，获得第一分散液；
2)将第一分散液置于真空干燥箱中，在120℃下真空干燥3h，以去除无水乙醇，获得第一混合粉料；
3)将第一混合粉料投入热压烧结炉中，在惰性气体的氛围下进行预烧结处理，获得预烧结料，预烧结温度为1200℃，预烧结时间为1h；
4)将预烧结料粉碎，获得预烧结粉末，称取纳米氧化钽粉末，将纳米氧化钽粉末与预烧结粉末合并，以无水乙醇作为分散介质，球磨20h，获得第二分散液；
5)将第二分散液置于真空干燥箱中，在140℃下真空干燥4h，以去除无水乙醇，获得第二混合粉料；
6)将第二混合粉料经冷压成型后，投入热压烧结炉中，在惰性气体的氛围下进行烧结处理，获得碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，烧结温度为1850℃，烧结方法为：首先以15℃/min升温至1550℃，保温2h，然后以10℃/min升温至烧结温度，保温1h，自然冷却即可。
实施例2
一种碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，由以下按照物质的量份数的原料组成：碳化钼粉末84份、碳化硼粉末22份、硅粉108份、纳米氧化钽粉末8份。
本实施例中所述碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料的制备方法，步骤如下：
1)称取碳化钼粉末、碳化硼粉末和硅粉，放入球磨罐中，以无水乙醇作为分散介质，球磨18h，获得第一分散液；
2)将第一分散液置于真空干燥箱中，在130℃下真空干燥5h，以去除无水乙醇，获得第一混合粉料；
3)将第一混合粉料投入热压烧结炉中，在惰性气体的氛围下进行预烧结处理，获得预烧结料，预烧结温度为1250℃，预烧结时间为2h；
4)将预烧结料粉碎，获得预烧结粉末，称取纳米氧化钽粉末，将纳米氧化钽粉末与预烧结粉末合并，以无水乙醇作为分散介质，球磨25h，获得第二分散液；
5)将第二分散液置于真空干燥箱中，在150℃下真空干燥6h，以去除无水乙醇，获得第二混合粉料；
6)将第二混合粉料经冷压成型后，投入热压烧结炉中，在惰性气体的氛围下进行烧结处理，获得碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，烧结温度为1950℃，烧结方法为：首先以15℃/min升温至1600℃，保温3h，然后以10℃/min升温至烧结温度，保温1h，自然冷却即可。
实施例3
一种碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，由以下按照物质的量份数的原料组成：碳化钼粉末82份、碳化硼粉末20份、硅粉104份、纳米氧化钽粉末5份。
本实施例中所述碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料的制备方法，步骤如下：
1)称取碳化钼粉末、碳化硼粉末和硅粉，放入球磨罐中，以无水乙醇作为分散介质，球磨16h，获得第一分散液；
2)将第一分散液置于真空干燥箱中，在125℃下真空干燥4h，以去除无水乙醇，获得第一混合粉料；
3)将第一混合粉料投入热压烧结炉中，在惰性气体的氛围下进行预烧结处理，获得预烧结料，预烧结温度为1225℃，预烧结时间为1.5h；
4)将预烧结料粉碎，获得预烧结粉末，称取纳米氧化钽粉末，将纳米氧化钽粉末与预烧结粉末合并，以无水乙醇作为分散介质，球磨22h，获得第二分散液；
5)将第二分散液置于真空干燥箱中，在145℃下真空干燥5h，以去除无水乙醇，获得第二混合粉料；
6)将第二混合粉料经冷压成型后，投入热压烧结炉中，在惰性气体的氛围下进行烧结处理，获得碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，烧结温度为1900℃，烧结方法为：首先以15℃/min升温至1580℃，保温2.5h，然后以10℃/min升温至烧结温度，保温1h，自然冷却即可。
实施例4
一种碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，由以下按照物质的量份数的原料组成：碳化钼粉末80份、碳化硼粉末17份、硅粉106份、纳米氧化钽粉末4份。
本实施例中所述碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料的制备方法，步骤如下：
1)称取碳化钼粉末、碳化硼粉末和硅粉，放入球磨罐中，以无水乙醇作为分散介质，球磨17h，获得第一分散液；
2)将第一分散液置于真空干燥箱中，在130℃下真空干燥3h，以去除无水乙醇，获得第一混合粉料；
3)将第一混合粉料投入热压烧结炉中，在惰性气体的氛围下进行预烧结处理，获得预烧结料，预烧结温度为1230℃，预烧结时间为1.5h；
4)将预烧结料粉碎，获得预烧结粉末，称取纳米氧化钽粉末，将纳米氧化钽粉末与预烧结粉末合并，以无水乙醇作为分散介质，球磨24h，获得第二分散液；
5)将第二分散液置于真空干燥箱中，在150℃下真空干燥6h，以去除无水乙醇，获得第二混合粉料；
6)将第二混合粉料经冷压成型后，投入热压烧结炉中，在惰性气体的氛围下进行烧结处理，获得碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，烧结温度为1920℃，烧结方法为：首先以15℃/min升温至1550℃，保温3h，然后以10℃/min升温至烧结温度，保温1h，自然冷却即可。
实施例5
一种碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，由以下按照物质的量份数的原料组成：碳化钼粉末84份、碳化硼粉末18份、硅粉100份、纳米氧化钽粉末8份。
本实施例中所述碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料的制备方法，步骤如下：
1)称取碳化钼粉末、碳化硼粉末和硅粉，放入球磨罐中，以无水乙醇作为分散介质，球磨15h，获得第一分散液；
2)将第一分散液置于真空干燥箱中，在130℃下真空干燥5h，以去除无水乙醇，获得第一混合粉料；
3)将第一混合粉料投入热压烧结炉中，在惰性气体的氛围下进行预烧结处理，获得预烧结料，预烧结温度为1200℃，预烧结时间为1.5h；
4)将预烧结料粉碎，获得预烧结粉末，称取纳米氧化钽粉末，将纳米氧化钽粉末与预烧结粉末合并，以无水乙醇作为分散介质，球磨25h，获得第二分散液；
5)将第二分散液置于真空干燥箱中，在150℃下真空干燥4h，以去除无水乙醇，获得第二混合粉料；
6)将第二混合粉料经冷压成型后，投入热压烧结炉中，在惰性气体的氛围下进行烧结处理，获得碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，烧结温度为1880℃，烧结方法为：首先以15℃/min升温至1600℃，保温2h，然后以10℃/min升温至烧结温度，保温1h，自然冷却即可。
对比例
与实施例3相比，不含纳米氧化钽粉末，其他与实施例3相同。
性能试验
对实施例1-5及对比例进行性能试验，所获得的性能数据如表1所示。
表1性能试验数据
抗弯强度(MPa) 断裂韧性(Mpa·m1/2)
实施例1 786.7 6.3
实施例2 827.4 6.8
实施例3 880.2 6.8
实施例4 859.6 6.5
实施例5 875.3 6.4
对比例 632.4 5.6
从上表可以看出，本发明制备的碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，抗弯强度为786.7-880.2Mpa，断裂韧性为6.3-6.8Mpa·m1/2，抗弯强度及断裂韧性均表现优异，有利于拓展碳化硅陶瓷的应用范围。
另外，从对比例与实施例3的数据对比中可以看出，实施例3的抗弯强度和断裂韧性均优于对比例，由于对比例与实施例3相比，不含纳米氧化钽粉末，其他与实施例3相同，因此可以看出，通过添加纳米氧化钽粉末，能够增强碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料的抗弯强度及断裂韧性。
上面对本发明的较佳实施方式作了详细说明，但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在本领域的普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。

Claims (4)

1.一种碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，其特征在于，由以下按照物质的量份数的原料组成：碳化钼粉末78-84份、碳化硼粉末17-22份、硅粉100-108份、纳米氧化钽粉末3-8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，其特征在于，由以下按照物质的量份数的原料组成：碳化钼粉末79-83份、碳化硼粉末18-21份、硅粉102-106份、纳米氧化钽粉末4-7份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，其特征在于，由以下按照物质的量份数的原料组成：碳化钼粉末82份、碳化硼粉末20份、硅粉104份、纳米氧化钽粉末5份。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一所述的碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
1)称取碳化钼粉末、碳化硼粉末和硅粉，放入球磨罐中，以无水乙醇作为分散介质，球磨15-18h，获得第一分散液；
2)将第一分散液置于真空干燥箱中，在120-130℃下真空干燥3-5h，以去除无水乙醇，获得第一混合粉料；
3)将第一混合粉料投入热压烧结炉中，在惰性气体的氛围下进行预烧结处理，获得预烧结料，预烧结温度为1200-1250℃，预烧结时间为1-2h；
4)将预烧结料粉碎，获得预烧结粉末，称取纳米氧化钽粉末，将纳米氧化钽粉末与预烧结粉末合并，以无水乙醇作为分散介质，球磨20-25h，获得第二分散液；
5)将第二分散液置于真空干燥箱中，在140-150℃下真空干燥4-6h，以去除无水乙醇，获得第二混合粉料；
6)将第二混合粉料经冷压成型后，投入热压烧结炉中，在惰性气体的氛围下进行烧结处理，获得碳化硅-硼化钼复合陶瓷材料，烧结温度为1850-1950℃，烧结方法为：首先以15℃/min升温至1550-1600℃，保温2-3h，然后以10℃/min升温至烧结温度，保温1h，自然冷却即可。
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