CN105767950A - 一种人参醉大黄鱼的加工方法 - Google Patents
一种人参醉大黄鱼的加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105767950A CN105767950A CN201610174588.1A CN201610174588A CN105767950A CN 105767950 A CN105767950 A CN 105767950A CN 201610174588 A CN201610174588 A CN 201610174588A CN 105767950 A CN105767950 A CN 105767950A
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Abstract
一种人参醉大黄鱼的加工方法,包括6个步骤,通过增加加工步骤4真空渗透:将鱼与人参酒混合,增加了鱼的药用价值和食用价值,在真空渗透机中进行真空渗透;增加了大黄鱼制品的鲜甜口感以及人参香气,并在步骤5入糟时,人参、女贞子和首乌与糯米一起煮熟,使人参、女贞子和首乌的有效成分融入到糯米饭中,使上述材料的有效成分融入产品中,增加了产品的营养成分和保健功能。人参的香气浸入产品,使产品食用时香气扑鼻,增加食欲,通过步骤6包装杀菌:使糟大黄鱼的成熟产品经杀菌处理可防止制品的过渡发酵,又可有效提高制品的保质期。本人参醉大黄鱼具有补元气,复脉固脱,补脾益肺,养血滋阴;生津,安神的保健功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水产品的腌制方法,特别是一种人参醉大黄鱼的加工方法。
背景技术
大黄鱼(Larimichthyscrocea),硬骨鱼纲,鲈形目(Perciformes),石首鱼科(Sciaeni-dae),黄鱼属,又名黄鱼、大王鱼、大鲜、大黄花鱼、红瓜、金龙、黄金龙、人参黄鱼、大仲、红口、石首鱼、石头鱼、黄瓜鱼,为传统“四大海产”(大黄鱼、小黄鱼、带鱼、乌贼)之一,是我国近海主要经济鱼类。大黄鱼,体延长,侧扁,体长约40-50cm。金黄色。尾柄细长。鳞较小,背鳍起点至侧线间具8-9行鳞。椎骨25-27枚。平时栖息较深海区,4-6月向近海洄游产卵,产卵后分散在沿岸索饵,以鱼虾等为食。秋冬季又向深海区迁移。鳔能发声,渔民常借此估测鱼群的大小。分布于南海、东海和黄海南部。为中国重要的经济鱼类。供鲜食或制黄鱼鲞等;鳔可制胶。已经人工养殖。大黄鱼肉质较好且味美,“松鼠黄鱼”为筵席佳肴。大部分鲜销,其他盐渍成“瓜鲞”,去内脏盐渍后洗清晒干制成“黄鱼鲞”或制成罐头。鱼鳔可干制成名贵食品“鱼肚”,又可制“黄鱼胶”。大黄鱼肝脏含维生素A,为制鱼肝油的好原料。耳石可作药用。[大黄鱼所含营养元素能量97.00千卡;蛋白质17.70克;脂肪2.50克;碳水化合物0.80克;维生素A10.00微克硫胺素0.03毫克;核黄素0.10毫克;烟酸1.90毫克;维生素E1.13毫克;钙53.00毫克;磷174.00毫克;钾260.00毫克;钠120.30毫克;镁39.00毫克;铁0.70毫克;锌0.58毫克;硒42.57微克;铜0.04毫克,锰0.02毫克。黄鱼味甘咸、性平,入肝、肾二经,中医认为,黄鱼对贫血、失眠、头晕、食欲不振及妇女产后体虚有良好疗效。
人参(PanaxginsengC.A.Mey)性味:味甘、微苦,性温、平。归脾、肺经、心经。补气,固脱,生津,安神,益智。是多年生草本植物,喜阴凉,叶片无气孔和栅栏组织,无法保留水分,温度高于32度叶片会灼伤,郁闭度0.7-0.8。通常3年开花,5-6年结果,花期5-6月,果期6-9月。生长于北纬33度—48度之间的海拔,数百米的以红松为主的针阔混交林或落叶阔叶林下,产于中国东北、朝鲜、韩国、日本、俄罗斯东部。人参的别称是黄参、地精、神草、百草之王,是闻名遐迩的“东北三宝”之一,与琼珍灵芝,东阿阿胶被称为中药国宝。《神农本草经》是现存最早的中药学专著,记载着中国4000年前就已经形成的人参药用的精髓:“人参,味甘微寒,主补五脏,安精神,定魂魄,止惊悸,除邪气,明目,开心益智。久服,轻身延年。一名人衔,一名鬼盖。生山谷。
人参根中含人参皂甙0.4%,少量挥发油。油中主要成份为人参烯(panacen,C15H24)0.072%。据报导从根中分离出皂甙类:人参皂甙A、B、C、D、E和F(panaxosideA、B、C、D、E、F)等。人参皂甙A(C42H72O14),为人参皂甙Rg1(ginsenosideRg1)。人参皂甙B和C水解后产生人参三醇(panaxatriol)皂甙元,人参皂甙D、E和F水解后得20-表人参二醇(20-epiprotopanaxo-diol)皂甙元。又自乙醚提取物的低沸点部分分离出β-榄香烯(β-elemene,C15H24)。高沸点部分分离出人参炔醇(panaxynol,C17H26O)。此外尚含有单糖类:葡萄糖、果糖、蔗醣,三种三糖:葡萄糖-果糖-果糖、三聚葡萄糖,葡萄糖-葡萄糖-果糖,人参酸(为软脂酸、硬脂酸及亚油酸的混和物),多钟维生素(B1、B2、菸酸、菸酰胺、泛酸),多种氨基酸、胆碱、酶(麦芽糖酶、转化酶、酯酶),精胺(spermine)及胆胺(cholamine)。人参的地上部分含黄酮类化合物,人称人参黄甙(panasenoside)、三叶甙(trifolin)、山柰醇、人参皂甙、β-谷甾醇及糖类,功效:大补元气,复脉固脱,补脾益肺,生津,安神。主治:体虚欲脱,肢冷脉微,脾虚食少,肺虚喘咳,津伤口渴,内热消渴,久病虚羸,惊悸失眠,阳痿宫冷;心力衰竭,心原性休克。用于气短喘促,心悸健忘,口渴多汗,食少无力,一切急慢性疾病及失血后引起的休克、虚脱。大补元气,固脱生津,安神。治劳伤虚损,食少,倦怠,反胃吐食,大便滑泄,虚咳喘促,自汗暴脱,惊悸,健忘,眩晕头痛,阳痿,尿频,消渴,妇女崩漏,小儿慢惊,及久虚不复,一切气血津液不足之证。
女贞子,性味归经:甘、苦,凉。归肝、肾经,别名女贞实、冬青子、蜡树、鼠梓子,为木犀科植物女贞LigustrumlucidumAit.的干燥成熟果实。该品呈卵形、椭圆形或肾形,长6~8.5mm,直径3.5~5.5mm。表面黑紫色或灰黑色,皱缩不平,基部有果梗痕或具宿萼及短梗。体轻。外果皮薄,中果皮较松软,易剥离,内果皮木质,黄棕色,具纵棱,破开后种子通常为1粒,肾形,紫黑色,油性。无臭,味甘、微苦涩。女贞子,是一味补肾滋阴、养肝明目的中药,可治肝肾不足、头晕耳呜、头发早白及两目昏糊等病症。
首乌又名野苗、交藤、交茎、夜合、地精、桃柳藤、赤葛、九真藤、芮草、蛇草、陈知白、马肝石、九真藤、疮帚等。为蓼科植物,有雌雄二种(赤,白二种),性喜高温高湿,生长于海拔1000米以上的山麓。何首乌状如人形,可促进毛发生长的功效,故称何首乌。何首乌的干燥块根,其藤茎称“夜交藤”。秋、冬二季叶枯萎时采挖,削去两端,洗净,个大的切成块,干燥。首乌又名何首乌,有赤白之分,药用为赤首乌的块根。野生首乌生长极为缓慢,宋《开宝本草》记述:“何首乌以西洛嵩山为胜。
首乌块根含蒽醌类化合物,主为大黄素(emodin),大黄酚(chrysophanol)以及大黄素甲醚(physcion),大黄酸(rhein),大黄酚蒽酮(chrysophanolanthrone)。又含芪类化合物:白藜芦醇(resveratrol),云杉新甙(piceid),2,3,5,4′-四羟基芪-2-O-D-葡萄糖甙(2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glu-copyranoside)、2,3,5,4′-四羟基芪-2-O-葡萄糖甙-2″-O-没食子酸酯(2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoPyranoside-2″-O-monogalloylester)、2,3,5,4′-四羟基芪-2-O-葡萄糖甙-3″-O-没食子酸酯(2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyrano-side-3″-monogalloylester)。还含没食子酸(gallicacid),右旋儿茶精(catechin),右旋表儿茶精(epicatechin),3-O-没食子酰(-)-儿茶精[3-O-galloyl(-)-catechin],3-O-没食子酰(-)-表儿茶精[3-O-galloyl(-)-epicatechin],3-O-没食子酰原矢车菊素(3-O-galloyl-procyanidin)B-2,3,3′-二-O-没食子酰原矢车菊素(3,3′-di-O-galloyl-Procyanidin)B-2[4]和β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),卵磷脂。
首乌性味:苦;甘;涩;性微温,功能主治:养血滋阴;润肠通便;截疟;祛风;解毒。主血虚头昏目眩;心悸;失眠;肝肾阴虚之腰膝酸软;须发早白;耳鸣;遗精;肠燥便秘;久疟体虚;风疹瘙痒;疮痈;瘰疬;痔疮。
醉糟鱼是一种适合我国沿海地区特别是宁波和舟山市地区的风味独特的传统食品,也是一种用来延长保藏期满足消费者需要的产品。醉糟大黄鱼具有甜咸和谐,酒香味、米香味、腊香味三种香气汇成一体且香气浓郁。据分析,香醉大黄鱼蛋白质含量高、脂肪少、肉质好、味鲜美、且富含氨基酸、矿物质等营养物质。糟大黄鱼肉质紧密,富有弹性,有咬劲,色泽美丽,香气浓郁,久食不厌,酒糟含有蛋白质、淀粉、粗纤维、脂肪、氨基酸、聚戊糖、灰分以及丰富的维生素、生长素等物质和一些矿质元素,以及发酵过程中产生的酵母菌、多种清香醇甜因子等营养价值大,符合现代人们对食品营养的要求,且成分含量稳定,开发利用价值高。酒糟中含有酒精和酵母菌,具有防腐能力,对分解有腥味的物质和制品在贮藏期自溶作用等都很有利。传统腌制以手工操作加工制作,规模和投资小,生产效率和产量不高,特别产品加工质量会受自然气候条件以及手工操作的影响,产品的食用安全性和风味品质、质地等,在产品的批次之间存在较大的波动性。
本发明在规范加工生产流程基础上,增加和变更了相关加工程序,并且在加工的配料中加入人参,人参、女贞子和首乌含有多种微量元素,营养丰富,具有很高的药用价值,并且都香气迷人,可以增进食欲,人参本身可以用于浸酒,将人参、女贞子和首乌用于醉大黄鱼,不仅增加了产品的食疗保健功能,还增加了食品的品质,增进食欲。
由于人参的人工种植技术日益成熟,大黄鱼的人工养殖技术日益成熟,人工种植的人参和人工养殖的大黄鱼的市场价格越来越便宜,原材料的来源越来越方便,使原来高不可攀的人参和大黄鱼结合而制作醉糟鱼可能成为大众消费品,并且生产成本低,产品的附加值高,产品有意想不到的药用价值和食用价值。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明通过以下解决方法:
一种人参醉大黄鱼的加工方法,包括以下步骤:步骤1原料预处理:大黄鱼经去脏、去黑膜及血污等,然后用流动清水漂洗2-3次;步骤2腌制:经预处理干净的鱼体,沥干水分,加入由一定比例的食盐、糖,适量桂皮、生姜等制成的腌制液,在6℃-15℃下,腌制时间为2—4小时;取出,沥干;步骤3脱水干燥:干燥至水分30%--35%;步骤4初醉:将脱水干燥后的倒入适量人参酒拌和均匀;人参酒为:在选择55度到60度的白酒,加入5%的人参,密封浸泡8个月至12个月;在真空渗透机中进行真空渗透,渗透时间为6—10小时;取出,沥干;步骤5入糟:将糯米浸泡2—3小时后沥去水分,加入0.3%至1%的人参、加入经过粉碎的1%至2%的女贞子,和经过粉碎的1%至3%的首乌拌和均匀,将人参与糯米煮熟成人参糯米饭。冷却到温度50℃-60℃度时加入鱼混合均匀,继续冷却到温度35℃-40℃度时,加入适量酿酒酵母粉、味精、白糖、调味料拌和混合均匀,趁热时立即密封保存,然后在10℃—20℃低温下糟制20—30天时间,发酵成熟;步骤6包装杀菌:将糟制好发酵成熟的鱼块装入蒸煮袋中,真空封口,高温杀菌。
进一步的,在真空渗透的人参酒中的白酒为酒精度为60度的清香型白酒。
进一步的,在步骤5糟制时,在20℃低温下糟制25天时间,发酵成熟。
进一步的,在步骤5入糟时:鱼与人参糯米饭比例为6比4。
本发明通过增加加工步骤4真空渗透:将鱼与人参酒混合,增加了鱼的药用价值和食用价值,在真空渗透机中进行真空渗透;增加了大黄鱼制品的鲜甜口感以及人参香气,并在步骤5入糟时,人参、女贞子和首乌与糯米一起煮熟,使人参、女贞子和首乌的有效成分融入到糯米饭中,使上述材料的的有效成分融入产品中,增加了产品的营养成分和保健功能。人参的香气浸入产品,使产品食用时香气扑鼻,增加食欲;以上加工的醉大黄鱼,鱼块肉质紧密,富有弹性,鲜嫩味美,咸淡适宜,香气醇厚,具有浓郁的人参酒香气和鱼香味。通过步骤6包装杀菌:使糟大黄鱼的成熟产品经杀菌处理可防止制品的过渡发酵,又可有效提高制品的保质期。本人参醉大黄鱼具有补元气,复脉固脱,补脾益肺,养血滋阴;生津,安神的保健功能。
具体实施方式
一种人参醉大黄鱼的加工方法,包括以下步骤:
一种人参醉大黄鱼的加工方法,包括以下步骤:步骤1原料预处理:大黄鱼经去脏、去黑膜及血污等,然后用流动清水漂洗2-3次;步骤2腌制:经预处理干净的鱼体,沥干水分,加入由一定比例的食盐、糖,适量桂皮、生姜等制成的腌制液,在6℃-15℃下,腌制时间为2—4小时;取出,沥干;步骤3脱水干燥:干燥至水分30%--35%;步骤4初醉:将脱水干燥后的倒入适量人参酒拌和均匀;人参酒为:在选择55度到60度的白酒,加入5%的人参,密封浸泡8个月至12个月;在真空渗透机中进行真空渗透,渗透时间为6—10小时;取出,沥干;步骤5入糟:将糯米浸泡2—3小时后沥去水分,加入0.3%至1%的人参、加入经过粉碎的1%至2%的女贞子,和经过粉碎的1%至3%的首乌拌和均匀,将人参与糯米煮熟成人参糯米饭。冷却到温度50℃-60℃度时加入鱼混合均匀,继续冷却到温度35℃-40℃度时,加入适量酿酒酵母粉、味精、白糖、调味料拌和混合均匀,趁热时立即密封保存,然后在10℃—20℃低温下糟制20—30天时间,发酵成熟;步骤6包装杀菌:将糟制好发酵成熟的鱼块装入蒸煮袋中,真空封口,高温杀菌。
进一步的,在真空渗透的人参酒中的白酒为酒精度为60度的清香型白酒。
进一步的,在步骤5糟制时,在20℃低温下糟制25天时间,发酵成熟。
进一步的,在步骤5入糟时:鱼与人参糯米饭比例为6比4。
本发明通过增加加工步骤4真空渗透:将鱼与人参酒混合,增加了鱼的药用价值和食用价值,在真空渗透机中进行真空渗透;增加了大黄鱼制品的鲜甜口感以及人参香气,并在步骤5入糟时,人参、女贞子和首乌与糯米一起煮熟,使人参、女贞子和首乌的有效成分融入到糯米饭中,使上述材料的的有效成分融入产品中,增加了产品的营养成分和保健功能。人参的香气浸入产品,使产品食用时香气扑鼻,增加食欲;以上加工的醉大黄鱼,鱼块肉质紧密,富有弹性,鲜嫩味美,咸淡适宜,香气醇厚,具有浓郁的人参酒香气和鱼香味。通过步骤6包装杀菌:使糟大黄鱼的成熟产品经杀菌处理可防止制品的过渡发酵,又可有效提高制品的保质期。本人参醉大黄鱼具有补元气,复脉固脱,补脾益肺,养血滋阴;生津,安神的保健功能。
Claims (4)
1.一种人参醉大黄鱼的加工方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1原料预处理:大黄鱼经去脏、去黑膜及血污等,然后用流动清水漂洗2-3次;
步骤2腌制:经预处理干净的鱼体,沥干水分,加入由一定比例的食盐、糖,适量桂皮、生姜等制成的腌制液,在6℃-15℃下,腌制时间为2—4小时;取出,沥干;
步骤3脱水干燥:干燥至水分30%--35%;
步骤4初醉:将脱水干燥后的倒入适量人参酒拌和均匀;在真空渗透机中进行真空渗透,渗透时间为6—10小时;取出,沥干;
步骤5入糟:将煮熟的热糯米饭,冷却到温度50℃-60℃度时加入鱼块拌和均匀后,冷却到温度35℃-40℃度时,加入适量酿酒酵母粉、味精、白糖、调味料拌和混合均匀,趁热时立即密封保存,然后在10℃—20℃低温下糟制20—30天时间,发酵成熟;
步骤6包装杀菌:将糟制好发酵成熟的鱼块装入蒸煮袋中,真空封口,高温杀菌;
其特征在于:在步骤4初醉时的人参酒为:在选择55度到60度的白酒,加入5%的人参,密封浸泡8个月至12个月;在步骤5入糟时:将糯米浸泡2—3小时后沥去水分,加入0.3%至1%的人参,加入经过粉碎的1%至2%的女贞子,和经过粉碎的1%至3%的首乌拌和均匀,与糯米煮熟成人参糯米饭。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种人参醉大黄鱼的加工方法,其特征在于:步骤4真空渗透的人参酒中的白酒为酒精度为60度的清香型白酒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种人参醉大黄鱼的加工方法,其特征在于:在步骤5糟制时,在20℃低温下糟制25天时间,发酵成熟。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种人参醉大黄鱼的加工方法,其特征在于:在步骤5入糟时:鱼与人参糯米饭比例为6比4。
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